ABSTRACT The election of Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential elections suggests a return to “normal” foreign relations after the dramatic four years of Donald Trump’s presidency. This paper asks two questions: what will Biden’s foreign policy look like? And what are its implications for Canada. Fundamentally, Biden aims to restore the status quo ante Trump in US foreign policy while also adjusting to

ABSTRACT This thematic issue of the Canadian Foreign Policy Journal explores Canada’s foreign policy relationship with the Palestinians and the Middle East Peace Process (MEPP). It does this through a combination of articles and policy commentaries by scholars from the academy and “pracademics” from government. This includes regional experts on Palestine, Palestinian refugees Palestinian state-building

ABSTRACT The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a source of much international division and fatigue. Regional and international institutions have become paralyzed by deadlock and most states have reached a sense of helplessness at resolving the conflict or influencing Israel. Although the conflict has been ongoing for decades, it continues to evolve and devastate the lives of civilians. What should Canadian

ABSTRACT Canada's official foreign policy regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has long reflected a continued commitment to protecting both Israel's right to exist in security, as well as Palestinian rights and aspirations for self-determination. Despite a fairly consistent official foreign policy that seeks to balance both Israeli and Palestinian rights and interests, Canada's voting behavior

ABSTRACT Until 1980, Canada had only very occasional dealings with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and often viewed the latter as an illegitimate body or terrorist organization. However, in 1980 the Department of External Affairs, recognizing that the PLO represented an important body of Palestinian opinion, and had become a major actor in Lebanon, assigned an officer (this author) to the

ABSTRACT Since the 1993 Oslo Accords, international actors such as Canada, the European Union, European member states and the United States have played a leading role in building a Middle East Peace Process (MEPP) meant to drive Israel and the Palestinians towards conflict resolution. However, their efforts appear to have reached an impasse. Western MEPP policy at present represents both an analytical

ABSTRACT Since 1979, Canada has had two distinct foreign policy approaches toward the Palestinians and Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding. This article labels those “Pearsonian” and “Harperian”. To understand both approaches, it starts with the Jerusalem Embassy crisis in 1979 and moves on through the Middle East Peace Process, assessing Canada’s policy up to 2019. In response to international fallout

ABSTRACT President Donald Trump's long-awaited Middle East peace plan was unveiled on 28 January 2020. Some observers have suggested that the Trump vision is less a plan for peace than a unilateral statement of the terms for Palestinian surrender: Jerusalem as the undivided capital of Israel, no refugee return and Israel's annexation of the Jordan valley and all West Bank settlements in exchange for

ABSTRACT While Canada has been providing development assistance to the Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) since 1993, its economic development assistance program took shape in 2007 after the formation of the Palestinian technocratic government. Even though the Canadian government had access to substantial analysis regarding the most significant impediments to the economic development

ABSTRACT Heightened tensions in Russia-West relations have signaled that the Arctic is no longer exempt from the tumult of geopolitics; however, an unrestrained militarization of the Arctic in response to the perception of a hostile Russia may be a hasty move. For the Arctic to remain a zone of cooperation, this will require a proper understanding of Russia's general foreign policy interests, how the

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to answer the following four questions using Italy as a case study: (A) does populism represent, in the realm of foreign policy, a substantive rupture with its predecessors? (B) Are there differences between left-wing and right-wing populists in the realm of foreign affairs? (C) In what ways do domestic institutions constrain or enable populist action in the international

ABSTRACT In 1955, responding to a recommendation by Chargé d’Affaires, Elizabeth MacCallum at the Canadian Legation in Beirut, Minister of External Affairs Pearson and the Cabinet of Prime Minister Louis St-Laurent agreed to an unofficial UNRWA request to resettle a small number of Palestinian refugees in Canada. An interdepartmental committee was charged with coordinating the movement, which was planned

(2020). The good fight: Marcel Cadieux and Canadian diplomacy. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Creating a Canadian foreign intelligence service: revisited 25 years later. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 360-365.

ABSTRACT In Canada, the power to declare war and deploy the military is sourced in the royal prerogative. In this paper, I argue that it is time to place the war prerogative on statutory footing. The deployment of troops overseas for combat purposes or to contexts where the risk of combat is high is one of the gravest decisions that a country can make, and as such, should be decided not by a small

ABSTRACT “The personal is political!” This now infamous second-wave feminist slogan highlighted the connections between everyday personal experiences to larger social and political structures. As Enloe ([1990]. Bananas, beaches and bases: Making feminist sense of international politics. University of California Press) reminds us, the personal is political, but the personal is also international and

(2020). Gender roles in peace and security – prevent, protect, participate. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 368-370.

ABSTRACT In this special issue, we outline some of the challenges that the Trump administration’s foreign policy approach poses for Canada and the international system and bring together several distinguished academics, practitioners, and analysts who have begun to address these concerns. First, we outline the components of the “America First” nationalism of the Trump administration and identify some

ABSTRACT The unilateralist approach to foreign policy practiced by populist leaders such as Donald Trump forces Canadians to reconsider the realities of power. For generations, successive governments have maximized our national strength by banding together with allies and institutionalizing the resulting bonds through rules that govern behavior and decisionmaking. The U.S. President now threatens the

ABSTRACT Shortly after Justin Trudeau took office four years ago, he declared loudly, confidently and repeatedly that “Canada is back.” What he meant then was unclear. Today, it is even less clear.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to examine whether Canada is immune to populist-style politics sweeping other Western democracies. Using political and economic sentiment research, the paper explores the intersection of economic anxiety and foreign policy on the political milieu for the 2019 General Election. It will cast light on whether Canada is a positive outlier as was the case in the winning

ABSTRACT Donald Trump’s “America First” agenda seemingly departs drastically from United States foreign policy as practiced for many decades. This paper assesses the implications of the new U.S. approach for its relationship with Canada and for world order more broadly. America First overtly threatens the status of a wide array of bilateral and multilateral agreements as the U.S. seeks new one-sided

ABSTRACT Protectionists have been accused of unraveling the multilateralist world order. The United States pulling out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement, and a series of tariffs imposed by both the US and China threaten global economic integration. Fierce protectionist rhetoric risks gridlocking a fragile trade system that faces

ABSTRACT This article assesses whether Donald Trump’s impact on Canada–US issues such as trade, energy and the environment, and border security could be ephemeral or durable. We answer this question by examining the extent to which Trump’s agenda on Canada–US relations has gained ground in the “Great Lakes heartland” bordering Ontario and the “northeastern borderlands” bordering Québec. To do this

ABSTRACT The election of Donald Trump and his promise to rip up or renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) posed a fundamental challenge to the already shaky relationship between Canada and Mexico. This article discusses the implications of the talks to re-negotiate NAFTA, which resulted in the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA). The first part of the article reviews

ABSTRACT As approaches to international disaster risk reduction have changed, the international community's responses have evolved since the issue arose in 1990 with the United Nations International Decade for Disaster Risk Reduction (henceforth DRR). Canada has been a strong participant in these efforts, most recently through the Sendai Framework, designed to guide the world’s responses to disaster

ABSTRACT Long concerned about its cultural identity in light of dominant American entertainment exports, when Canada concluded its first preferential free trade agreement (FTA) with the United States in 1987, cultural industries were exempted. This general exemption, albeit coupled with a retaliatory clause, was later incorporated into the North American Free Trade Agreement and recently updated into

It is not “fake news” to assert that the Trump revolution has upended the post-cold war era. This new world (dis)order has profound implications for Canada’s security and prosperity. To confront the Trump challenge (and legacy), Canada needs more than just an updated set of foreign policy priorities. It is my contention that to navigate an increasingly inhospitable world successfully, the Canadian

(2020). Climate change requires all hands on deck: Can’t the Green New Deal and capitalism co-exist? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 366-367.

ABSTRACT Shortly after coming to power in October 2015, Justin Trudeau declared that Canada was “back”, that the last decade under Stephen Harper in which Canada “lost its compassionate and constructive voice in the world” was over. Trudeau was going to return Canada to the “general continuity” in Canada’s approach to international relations which characterized the 1945–2006 period and was broken by

ABSTRACT The global development cooperation (or foreign aid) regime – a key innovation of the post-Second World War liberal international order – is currently facing a deep, two-part challenge. While its supporters and participants have launched the most ambitious and inclusive vision ever for a sustainable path to human development in the form of the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), these

ABSTRACT This commentary addresses the challenges posed by the “new world disorder” that Trump’s election of 2016 brought on and assesses options open to Canada to cope with it. First, however, it questions how much is new in the Trump era versus what went before and whether the shift is overstated. It argues a need to distinguish presidential behavior, and rhetoric from real policy changes and critique

ABSTRACT In an era when multilateral institutions and global cooperation are under attack from the United States and under threat around the world, should Canada restore and maintain its historical commitment to global multilateralism? This paper argues that it should for three reasons: 1) the greatest problems facing the world demand multilateral solutions; 2) multilateral commitments acknowledge

ABSTRACT The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) is insulated politically from tensions between Canada and the United States (U.S.). We argue the reasons why are three-fold. First North American defence is a low priority generally speaking and so NORAD is also low on the political radar. Second, NORAD is defended and challenged by misplaced politics of sovereignty (especially in Canada)

derived from second-hand sources. These later chapters do provide considerable information of interest regarding his rule, but lack the insight into Kim Jong’s personality present in the earlier sections of the book. This issue is largely due to the dearth of accessible information from within North Korea, rather than with the book itself. In a sense, one of the main flaws of The Great Successor is

ABSTRACT The Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) represents one of the most ambitious plans and frameworks geared toward ensuring that Africa trade more with one another. This transformative development provides Canada with an entry point to put its inclusive trade agenda (ITA) into practice across the continent. This commentary examines industrialisation as one of the key areas of the AfCFTA and

ABSTRACT The election of President Trump, Brexit, and the amplifying of isolationist voices have signaled the possible emergence of a new era – one of retreat in the Liberal International Order. While this is one way of defining the present moment, it does not capture the full picture, as uncertainty has opened and/or widened new partnerships. In this scenario, MERCOSUL (Southern Common Market) has

ABSTRACT Canada's entry into Afghanistan as a NATO ally was widely considered a necessary military venture, but Canadian operations during the reconstruction period that ensued were criticized as having tarnished Canada's reputation on the international stage. Canada's history as a peacekeeping nation and its perceived middle power status did initially allow it to act as a mediator between the Afghan

ABSTRACT Despite health’s prominent place in Canadian foreign policy, as evidenced in the on-going support for maternal newborn and child health (MNCH) initiatives, little is known about the driving forces behind the integration of health into foreign policy. Based on document analysis and expert interviews, we provide an empirically grounded but theoretically informed perspective on health’s role

ABSTRACT Do renegotiations of existing free trade agreements (FTAs) increase mass support for other FTAs, and if so, how? The media and scholars have suggested that the recent uptick in support for a Canada-China FTA can be attributed in part to NAFTA renegotiations, based on trends in public opinion polls. In this article, I present a formal test of this causal claim. I identify two interrelated causal

ABSTRACT The recent resurgence of economic nationalism, protectionism, and “authoritarian capitalism” has been polymorphic and contradictory. Moves away from multilateralism have often been justified by pleas in favor of “free but fair” trade, and bilateral liberalization. Britain is a particularly interesting case. Among the paradoxes having surrounded the Brexit process, one stands out which underlines

ABSTRACT There has been an ongoing debate about how to handle Russia in a Canadian foreign policy in the Arctic. Despite some speculations about the dynamics of future relations between the Arctic players after the Ukraine crisis, few have looked closely at the domestic reaction of the Russian audience to Canada-Russia relations. This research uses content analysis of the Russian press before and after

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the burden sharing decisions of two Canadian prime ministers, Stephen Harper and Justin Trudeau, regarding the U.S.-led coalition that sought to “degrade and ultimately defeat” the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, primarily through an aerial bombing campaign initiated on 8 August 2014. More specifically, it explains Harper’s decision in October 2014 to contribute six CF-18

ABSTRACT In 2017, the Canadian Liberal government introduced the Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP), which offers an “intersectional” lens by taking into consideration the diversity of women and girls. This article argues that “intersectional” conceptualized inconsistently in FIAP, and outlines the dissimilar understandings of intersectionality between GAC officials and civil society members

ABSTRACT The current efforts at structural transformation (ST) in Africa aim to remove the negative impacts of external shock and the weak linkages of the economy with the resource sector as well as eradicate poverty and promote sustainable development. Based on the compelling need for sustainable, inclusive and pro-poor development, this paper examines the role and place of building and integration

ABSTRACT Constructivists have coined the phrase “ontological security”, implying that a state’s sense of national identity is as or more important than its physical characteristics in shaping its foreign policy. But what happens to foreign policy when that sense of identity changes as the result of a revolution or regime change so extreme that the previous national identity no longer holds? Using the

ABSTRACT Scepticism towards trade liberalisation, and regional and global trade integration has been observed in recent years, driven by concerns that the benefits of globalisation have not been fairly distributed. In this context, Canada has introduced it's “Progressive Trade Agenda” (PTA) to enhance Canadians’ understanding of the benefits that trade can bring, and to ensure that these benefits accrue

ABSTRACT Inter-organizational relations in peacebuilding operations: The case of Bosnia-and-Herzegovina (1995–2010) This article aims to understand the transformations of inter-organizational relations (IORs) within peacebuilding operations. It introduces a three-level framework which forms an interactive system: the first level of analysis is within the states and the international organizations (IOs)

ABSTRACT During the 2015 election campaign, the opposition Liberal party pledged that if elected, it would re-establish diplomatic relations with Iran, which had been suspended in 2012 by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper. The Liberals won a majority, and subsequently tried to act on that promise. In June 2018, however, they suspended these efforts. Four factors explain this

ABSTRACT This article investigates the ability for regional trade agreements (RTAs) to push forward agricultural liberalization. Our study of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) demonstrates that RTAs alone cannot overcome the main problems related to protectionism in the agricultural sector. RTAs can, under certain conditions, increase market access but have a limited capacity to deal

ABSTRACT This article explores the reasons behind Canada’s declining participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations. It proposes a decision-making model that explains how politicians assess opportunities to commit personnel to peacekeeping missions by balancing their policy objectives with the pressures of electoral politics. Emphasizing the importance of voters in political decision-making

ABSTRACT The two decades since September 11, 2001 have witnessed a dramatically reoriented landscape in policy domains of critical importance to Canada-U.S., all of which have highlighted the need for greater understanding the dynamics of asymmetrical power. That need has been enhanced by the economic populism of the Trump Administration and its insistence on re-negotiating, possibly withdrawing from

ABSTRACT During the 1950s and 60s, Lester Pearson came to see international assistance as central to Canada's constructive international engagement. Yet how Canada's greatest diplomat became a key architect of, and advocate for, international assistance remains relatively unexplored. This paper aims to chart the evolution of Pearson's thinking regarding international assistance, in a presentation organized

ABSTRACT With the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) now appearing as if it has lost the ability to control territory and many of its members fleeing the region, the Canadian government must now address the possibility of citizens who have become “foreign fighters” returning home, radicalized and prepared to commit acts of terror. This compels officials from Public Safety Canada to ask important

ABSTRACT Canada has played a key leadership role in global environmental governance during specific periods since 1968, but has frequently faded from view or reversed direction as economic competiveness remained the central pillar of Canadian foreign policy. Canadian leadership on climate change and other environmental issues has proven inconsistent, torn between pressures for maximal resource extraction

ABSTRACT This special issue on Canada and the challenges of globalization since 1968 arises from a conference held in Ottawa to mark the publication in 2017 of the third volume in the official history of Canada’s department of external affairs: innovation and adaptation, 1968–84 (U of Toronto Press). Technological change, trade liberalisation, and a steadily expanding international agenda after 1968

In a world of uncertainty, instability and continuous conflict, mediation is a powerful peacekeeping tool that has the ability to save thousands of lives and prevent costly wars. For these reasons, the study of international mediation and the ideas presented in this book should be considered important to neoliberal institutions and the international community. International mediation in a fragile world

ABSTRACT The continuing evolution away from state-centricity requires that diplomacy become more public, inclusive and participatory. Responding to that imperative, and recognizing that the foreign ministry is not a cathedral, the foreign service is not a priesthood, and diplomacy is not liturgy, collectively represent the sine qua non for bringing Canada “back.” By privileging talking over fighting

ABSTRACT Since the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO's) creation in 1949, Canada has been a consistent contributor to the Alliance but has frequently been criticized as a free rider. This article asks: what fuels this perception about Canada’s commitments to NATO? To answer this question, we introduce a typology of burden-sharing commitments inspired by the conceptual literature on power (hard

ABSTRACT While theorists of global civil society champion the rise of non-state actors and their role in changing global systems, Canadian foreign policy scholarship regularly minimizes the role of civil society in influencing the international activities of the Canadian state. Drawing on international relations scholarship regarding the relationship between globalization and transnational civil society