-
Role constellations and foreign policy: Brazil and Chile’s approaches towards the Belt and Road Initiative Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Lunting Wu
Following the inclusion of Latin America into the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2018, countries in the region have formulated different responses to it. Some joined while others remain distant....
-
Polish society's initial responses to the arrival of forced migrants from Ukraine in early 2022 Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Joanna Fomina, Marta Pachocka
It has been over a year after Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine at the end of February 2022, which caused massive internal displacement in Ukraine and forced outmigration to neighborin...
-
Rapid response housing for internally displaced persons (IPDs) in Ukraine Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Suzanne Harris-Brandts
With the mass displacement from Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine driving millions from their homes, accommodating them elsewhere has in turn prompted the need for rapid-response housing solu...
-
Local impacts, global consequences assessing the mass displacement and migration tied to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Suzanne Harris-Brandts, Milana Nikolko, Jeff Sahadeo, David Sichinava
Since Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the region’s dynamics have shifted considerably calling for an interdisciplinary assessment of the reverberating effects at home and abroad. This s...
-
Canada at a crossroads in twenty-first-century global affairs: or, an independent Canadian foreign policy for what? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-17 Jeremy Wildeman, Adam Chapnick
In their policy commentary, Professors Dr Adam Chapnick and Dr Jeremy Wildeman consider Canada’s foreign policy and Canadian sovereignty amid the myriad fault lines appearing in international relat...
-
The conflict in Ukraine and its global implications Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Dani Belo, Federmán Rodríguez
Russia’s intervention in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, has been subject of serious concern for the international community. Specifically, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which was previously regional,...
-
Canada’s approach to quantum in security and economics: feminist foreign policy or tokenizing #WomenInSTEM? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Michael P.A. Murphy
The Canadian government has released major strategy documents relating to quantum science, technology, and security in recent years. While these emerge within a broader context of self-styled “femi...
-
The loci of Pluralism in a war-torn society Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Milana Nikolko
The war in Ukraine is violently destroying the social, political, cultural and economic fabrics of society and questions regarding the resilience of ethnicity and pluralism is becoming increasingly...
-
Ukrainian refugees of the period of the Russian-Ukrainian war in NATO countries: the geopolitical context of the military migration crisis Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Illia Kononov
ABSTRACT The Russian-Ukrainian war is being waged on the territory of Ukraine, but it is of global importance. One of the aspects of the war is the mass migration of Ukrainians abroad. The causes and features of migration are explained in the global geopolitical context. In recent years, war refugees have become increasingly important in world migration flows. This testifies to the crisis of the world
-
Leveraging the Canada-Ukraine authorization for emergency travel (CUAET) program to facilitate talent mobility Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Juanita Molano, Olivia Dale, Martin Geiger
ABSTRACT This paper examines the potential for leveraging the Canada-Ukraine Authorization for Emergency Travel (CUAET) Program to facilitate the mobility of Ukrainian Information Technology (IT) professionals from Ukraine into Canada. The paper revisits the situation following Russia’s invasion of Crimea (2014), the redirection of specific talent flows prior and during the pandemic and aims to assess
-
Amity and enmity in regional security complexes: public and official perceptions in Latvia after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Māris Andžāns
This article examines Latvia’s external amity and enmity patterns after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. While the patterns of amity and enmity and the resulting regional security complexes appear cle...
-
Canada and Southeast Asia in the new Indo-Pacific era Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Kai Ostwald, Grégoire-François Legault, Dominique Caouette
ABSTRACT Canada’s Indo-Pacific Strategy, announced in 2022, targets a “generational shift” in foreign policy that responds to the growing economic and strategic centrality of the Indo-Pacific. Southeast Asia lies at the heart of that region, making it a critical component of Canada’s foreign policy success or failure in the decade ahead. This article is intended as a primer on the Canada-Southeast
-
Indigenizing Canada’s foreign policy – why it is time to put an end to tokenism Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Lily Schricker
Published in Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (Ahead of Print, 2023)
-
Diaspora and civil society: a commentary Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Abidin Kusno
ABSTRACT Most work on political activities of Canada's Southeast Asian diaspora focuses mainly on civil society activism geared towards Southeast Asia. This work has enriched understanding of NGOs and social movements. By contrast, however, little attention has been paid to the Asian diasporic struggles for inclusion and reforms in Canada and their roles in transforming the political landscape in their
-
Rethinking Canada’s engagement in Southeast Asia: lessons from the Canada-ASEAN Centre Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Julia G. Bentley
ABSTRACT One objective of Canada’s Indo-Pacific Strategy is to strengthen people to-people ties between Canada and the members states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The Singapore-based Canada-ASEAN Centre, founded in 1989, shared a similar objective during its years of operation. This article revisits the experience of the Canada-ASEAN Centre to highlight lessons relevant for
-
Great power competition in Southeast Asia – a role for Canada? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-11 Jonathan Berkshire Miller
Published in Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (Vol. 29, No. 2, 2023)
-
Forced displacement from Ukraine due to Russia’s 2022 invasion and the likelihood of a new wave of emigration Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-02 Olena Malynovska
ABSTRACT Russia's war against Ukraine caused the massive forced displacements. More than a third of the Ukrainian population left their homes, and many Ukrainians went abroad. Although the future migration prospects remain uncertain, the analysis of socio-demographic characteristics of the displaced persons, the traditions of labor migration among Ukrainians can facilitate the estimation of possible
-
Southeast Asian studies and policy in Canada: a spectrum of engagement Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-02 Erik Martinez Kuhonta
Published in Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (Vol. 29, No. 2, 2023)
-
Russian invasion of Ukraine: civil or colonial war? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-25 Alexander Strakhov
In this paper, two competing hypotheses of the origin of the military conflict are considered: the empire’s aggression against a former colony and the possibility of a civil war within Ukraine. The...
-
The Russian invasion of Ukraine and humanitarian nationalism in Canada Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Jennifer Hyndman
ABSTRACT Canadian society and governments across multiple jurisdictions have embraced an unprecedented “humanitarian nationalism” in relation to Ukraine and particularly to displaced Ukrainians coming to Canada after the Russian invasion. Humanitarian support for Ukrainians in Canada is salient and unprecedented: Ukrainian flags fly on cars, appear in gardens and are attached to churches, but the Canadian
-
Who will take the mediator role in the conflict between Ukraine and Russia? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Ahmet Cenk Sarı
The current situation in Ukraine shows that waiting for the war to end in a decisive victory is unrealistic. It is equally utopian to expect that the armed conflict will stop. Therefore, to end the...
-
Diplomacy in a social media environment: the bargaining model revisited Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Cheng Xu
ABSTRACT Social media presents a unique challenge for foreign policy experts. Unlike the platforms offered to diplomats and ministries of foreign affairs (MFAs) in legacy media, not only does it democratize the flow of information, but also changes the speed and volume at which information travels. In the realm of bilateral negotiations, MFA representatives must contend with the potential of social
-
Enemy-based foreign policy as a framework for understanding Russia’s invasion of Ukraine Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-30 César Niño, Lucas d'Auria, Ángela Cristina Pinto
The main objective of this research is to establish the analytical framework of enemy-based foreign policy in order to understand certain actions of Russia’s foreign policy towards Ukraine during t...
-
Should Canada have oaths of allegiance? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-29 Adam Lovett
ABSTRACT The Canadian Department of Citizenship and Immigration has recently proposed to make in-person citizenship ceremonies optional. These ceremonies are oaths of allegiances: naturalizing citizens swear loyalty to King Charles and obedience to the laws of Canada. The Department of Citizenship and Immigration proposes to allow naturalizing citizens to take these oaths by checking a box online rather
-
ASEAN-Canada relations at forty-five: a mixed scorecard Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-28 Stéphanie Martel
ABSTRACT Over recent years, Ottawa had sent signals of a desire to re-engage the Asia-Pacific via stronger ties with Southeast Asia and ASEAN, yet continued to struggle in devising a clear path forward that would help distinguish itself from other “dialogue partners.” This article reviews Canada’ mixed track record in the region, with a focus on its relations with ASEAN. It discusses how this regional
-
Canadian developmental assistance in Southeast Asia Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-25 David Webster
ABSTRACT Canada has provided development cooperation funding to Southeast Asia since the 1950s, but lacked consistency over time. Aid priorities echoed wider Canadian foreign policy goals and trends in global development thought. Early stress on infrastructure and “basic needs” gave way to “civil society strengthening,” then to corporate partnerships. An early focus on aid to Malaysia shifted to Indonesia
-
Canada through the eyes of Southeast Asia: positive perceptions, shallow understandings Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-25 Isabel Chew
ABSTRACT As Canada looks to deepen its ties with Southeast Asia, it needs to gain public support from the region. But how do ordinary Southeast Asians view Canada? Using original survey data from social media users in seven Southeast Asian countries, I find that Southeast Asians generally have a positive impression of Canada. However, they do not have a clear understanding of Canada, or of its current
-
Who’s missing from the table? Takeaways from Canada’s commitments at the 2nd Summit for Democracy Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Gabrielle Bardall
Published in Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (Vol. 29, No. 1, 2023)
-
Who will provide security guarantees to Russia? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-21 Adnan Zuberi, Arnd Jurgensen, Shaun Lovejoy
With Russia’s security concerns historically driven by its unclear borders and sense of being surrounded by powerful states, its “defensive” expansion of its borders has been seen as aggression by ...
-
Revisiting the effectiveness of economic sanctions in the context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-17 George Tsouloufas, Matthew Rochat
This paper addresses the relevant and ongoing debate surrounding the effectiveness of economic sanctions. In light of recent sanctions imposed by Canada, the United States, Europe, and other Wester...
-
Rethinking Canada’s security interests in Southeast Asia: from “Asia-Pacific” to “Indo-Pacific” Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Jennifer Mustapha
ABSTRACT Canada must decide what type of multilateral actor it wants to be in its security relations in Southeast Asia, especially in light of the recent release of Ottawa’s official “Indo-Pacific Strategy” (IPS) in late 2022. There is growing disconnect between Canada’s national self-perception as an established middle-power and successful promoter of development and democracy in the region, and how
-
Indigenizing Canada's foreign policy – why it is time to put an end to tokenism Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-16 Lily Schricker
Published in Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (Ahead of Print, 2023)
-
American and Canadian engagements in the Afghanistan intervention: a neoclassical realist point of view Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Federmán Rodríguez
ABSTRACT In this article, I aim to explain why and how the United States and Canada adopted similar counterinsurgency (COIN) strategies between 2006 and 2011 to deal with the Afghan irregular warfare. During this time, the United States and Canada adopted with similar levels of intensity the “clear,” “hold,” and “build” COIN objectives; namely: (a) fighting against insurgency, (b) maintaining stabilized
-
The problem of a “rules-based international order”: the significance of the non-Western world’s restrained response to the Russia-Ukraine war Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Shaun Narine
The non-Western world has adopted a nuanced position towards the Ukraine war because it does not see its interest in sanctioning Russia. In part, this reflects Russia’s global economic, military an...
-
Canadian diplomacy in Southeast Asia: challenges for the coming decades Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-03-18 Philip Calvert
ABSTRACT Canada’s public commitment to raising its engagement with Southeast Asia is an important recognition of the region’s growing political, economic, and strategic significance to Canada. Despite an early postwar presence of Canadian diplomats in the region, significant development assistance and participation in key security initiatives and dialogs, Canada’s engagement in recent decades has been
-
The Ukraine crisis and India: quandaries and implications Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-03-18 Shubhrajeet Konwer
Since the commencement of the conflict in Ukraine, New Delhi has maintained a constant position on the war, insisting that “dialogue” was the best way to resolve differences and disputes. This arti...
-
Dairy concessions in Canadian trade: a discursive institutionalist account Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-05 Noah Fry
ABSTRACT Canadian policymakers have long been protective of their dairy industry despite reducing state interventions in other sectors. Recent preferential trade agreements (CPTPP, CETA, and CUSMA), however, have shown there are limits to this insularity. These new agreements have introduced dairy access concessions at a moment of flux within the rules-based international order. Why are there dairy
-
Évolution de la paradiplomatie environnementale de la Colombie-Britannique: étude d’une stratégie profondément régionale Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-05 Annie Chaloux, Jennyfer Boudreau, Philippe Simard, Gabriel Grégoire-Mailhot
Abstract The province of British Columbia has been an active paradiplomatic actor on environmental and climate change issues for over 60 years. However, this case study remains unexplored in the research literature to date. This article analyzes the historical evolution of the province's international activities in this area, by tracing the different periods of its development. The article begins by
-
Did Brexit change perceptions of the EU and the UK in Canada? An analysis of Canadian newspaper commentaries Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-28 Achim Hurrelmann, Sarra Ben Khelil, Asif Hameed, Akaysha Humniski, Patrick Leblond
ABSTRACT Brexit has forced Canada to reconfigure relations with its European partners: the European Union (EU), on the one side, and the United Kingdom (UK), now on the other. This article examines whether this reconfiguration has led to debates in the Canadian news media that reassess the purpose and priorities of Canada’s transatlantic relationships. Did Canada-Europe relations after Brexit become
-
Capabilities and gaps in the Canadian special economic measures act regime Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-28 Michael Saunders
ABSTRACT Sanctions have become an increasingly used foreign policy tool for applying pressure short of the use of military force, particularly for middle-tier powers like Canada. In the Canadian case, however, the current sanctions regime under the Special Economic Measures Act suffers from a number of gaps which make assessing its effectiveness as a foreign policy tool extremely difficult if not impossible
-
Canada’s role in global energy security: practical considerations for a low-carbon transition Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-24 Jeff Kucharski, Heather Exner-Pirot
ABSTRACT As the holder of the some of the world’s largest reserves of oil and gas, along with world class deposits of many critical minerals needed for the energy transition, Canada is well-positioned to meet the energy needs of our allies and partners. Canada must act fast to remove impediments to energy investment, production and export capacity at a time when geopolitics is upending global energy
-
Canada’s oil sands in a carbon-constrained world Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-09 Andrew Leach
ABSTRACT The oil sands have dominated Canada’s domestic energy conversations for most of the last 50 years. More recently, the resource has become an important factor in Canada’s foreign relations, in particular with respect to Canada’s commitments on climate change. Environmental concerns are not new to the oil sands, with endangered species impacts and tailings pond mitigation presenting pressing
-
Energy, security, and climate: Canada in a changing world Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-02 André Plourde
ABSTRACT For most of the last 75 years, Canada has been a supplier of fossil fuels to the world. More recently, growing concerns about the impacts of climate change have created challenges to a continuation of this role. Developments such as the COVID pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine have made even more evident the tensions confronting energy systems around the world. The situation in Canada
-
Should Canada join a climate club? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-30 Paul Precht
ABSTRACT Climate change is a global problem and beyond the ability of any single country to meaningfully address. To do so requires collective action, and efforts to date to mobilize such actions have failed (e.g., the 1997 Kyoto Protocol) or been less successful than needed (e.g., the 2015 Paris Agreement). The growing concentration of carbon emissions in the atmosphere increases the urgency of successful
-
Unpacking Canada’s oil and gas dilemma: international leadership challenges on the road to net-zero Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-30 Simon Langlois-Bertrand
ABSTRACT Despite significant policy and regulation efforts by Canada’s federal government since its signature of the Paris Agreement, the specific question of whether Canada can retain its role as an energy production powerhouse while gaining some political capital as an international leader with regard to climate change has continued to plague its GHG reduction ambitions. In this article, I argue
-
Could Canada lead the formation of a new global geoengineering regime? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-17 Elizabeth L. Chalecki
ABSTRACT As the effects of climate change continue to worsen, nations will have the opportunity to develop and deploy climate manipulation techniques known as geoengineering to forestall the worst effects. Indeed, some have argued that the nations of the world cannot meet their Paris Agreement goals without them. However, these technologies can be global in their effects, ecologically uncertain, and
-
Canada, the EU and energy security: a historical perspective Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-13 Petra Dolata
ABSTRACT Canada’s energy relations with the EC/EU have historically been driven by hopes for complementary trade and like-minded international positions, especially once international energy governance took on urgency in the 1970s. Since the early 2000s these two objectives have become less compatible as they pit transatlantic energy trade against the global climate change agenda. Not only does Ottawa
-
SMRs in Canada: federal-provincial cooperation in pursuing net-zero emissions Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-13 Duane Bratt
ABSTRACT Over the last few years, there has been growing interest in developing/deploying Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in many countries. This includes Canada which released a SMR roadmap (Fall 2018) and action plan (Fall 2020). At the provincial level, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and New Brunswick signed a MOU on SMRs in December 2019. Alberta later signed on. The role of federalism in the SMR case is
-
The impact of renewables on energy security Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-04 Matthew Foss
ABSTRACT Energy security has taken a more prominent role due to the conflict in Ukraine. There are many considerations to energy security; however, recent events highlight that the availability of affordable energy will be considered paramount. A switch to renewable energy changes the issues related to energy security but does not necessarily ensure greater security. Renewables increase the need for
-
Pathways to meeting climate goals with clean and affordable energy Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-22 Adam Sieminski
ABSTRACT Successfully managing climate change will require a broad policy focus that encourages the adoption and implementation of all viable net-zero pathways. Solutions that focus on the elimination of hydrocarbon fuels, rather than on managing green-house gas emissions, could have enormous unintended economic, security, and social justice consequences. The Net-Zero Producers Forum, with Canada as
-
Publisher's Note Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-06-27
Published in Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (Vol. 28, No. 2, 2022)
-
The “lucky ones” and those that weren’t: sexual misconduct in the Canadian Armed Forces Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-22 Sandra Biskupski-Mujanovic
ABSTRACT Canada’s need and desire to increase women’s participation in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and to ensure CAF members feel safe and supported has been eroded by recent sexual misconduct allegations against CAF leadership. Not only does sexual misconduct in the Canadian Armed Forces negatively affect all CAF members, especially survivors, of whom a majority are women, but it also undermines
-
South Africa’s old hand at a new pandemic: politics dictates the quality of response Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-27 Ayesha Umar Wahedi, Yuzhu Zeng, Marina Arbetman-Rabinowitz
ABSTRACT South Africa has been the worst hit by Covid-19 on the African continent and is experiencing devastating consequences. The goal of this study is to look at the role of underlying socio-economic factors and the quality of government policy responses in mitigating the impact of Covid-19 in South Africa against the backdrop of a multi-decade HIV epidemic. In the first phase of our analysis, we
-
Impact of political structure and policy on the onset of COVID-19 Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-17 Jacek Kugler, Nicholas Stowell
Published in Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (Vol. 28, No. 2, 2022)
-
The mitigating effects of political capacity and political alignment on COVID-19 mortality, an examination of Spanish Autonomous Communities Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-15 Ana Ortiz Salazar, Yuzhu Zeng, Marina Arbetman-Rabinowitz
ABSTRACT We analyze the first wave of COVID-19 fatalities in Spain at the subnational level to identify why some Autonomous Communities (ACs) were more successful at minimizing mortality levels. Our work adds to emerging literature on policy implications of pandemics and the role of governments in containing crises. Additionally, because national responses to crises are not homogeneous, we develop
-
Whither the G7 and G20? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-07 Peter Hajnal
ABSTRACT The Group of 7 remains a significant actor in global governance, but the more representative Group of 20 has a greater role. The leaders of the informal G7-G20 are supported by ministers, working groups and other sub-summit entities such as task forces and expert groups. Ministers and working groups carry out the detailed work of both “Gs” and feed into the summits and the ministerial fora
-
“All in” climate regime: federated states as autonomous participants to the Paris Agreement the cases of Québec and California Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-14 Annie Chaloux, Hugo Séguin, Philippe Simard
ABSTRACT In a context where the province of Québec (Canada) and the state of California (United States of America) have committed to take ambitious actions in line with the Paris Agreement independently of their central government, this paper asks whether these federated states are truly implementing the provisions of the Paris Agreement in their own jurisdictions. This paper first describes the climate
-
Politics, policy, and pandemic control: a global perspective Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-13 Nicholas Stowell, Joseph Immormino, Ana Ortiz Salazar, Yuzhu Zeng, Marina Arbetman-Rabinowitz
ABSTRACT This paper examines the structural political and economic determinants of country-level severity of the COVID-19 pandemic. By conducting an empirical analysis of 118 countries through the first wave of the pandemic, we show that – unlike natural disasters and past viral outbreaks – national wealth has not insulated countries from the most severe outcomes of COVID-19. Further, we show that
-
Political capacity and pandemic containment: comparing and contrasting COVID-19 in Canada and the United States Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-13 Joseph Immormino, Nicholas Stowell
ABSTRACT From the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a deluge of research has sought to explain both between- and within-country variation in mortality. Research has focused primarily on policy measures and underlying population and socioeconomic characteristics. While those factors have their proper place in our global understanding of this once in a generation crisis, they do not explain the divergent
-
Failing to mitigate COVID-19 severity: the case of Brazil Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-06 Ana Ortiz Salazar
ABSTRACT Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro has consistently dismissed the severity of COVID-19, failing to offer guidance and leadership to the governors of federative units responsible for containing the virus and making Brazil an illustrative case of societies most affected by the pandemic due to political negligence and inaction. This article presents a subnational analysis of Brazil’s federative