-
Constraints and military coordination: How ICTs shape the intensity of rebel violence International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-04-11 Martín Macías-Medellín, Laura H Atuesta
ABSTRACT Why and how do information and communication technologies (ICTs) shape the intensity of rebel violence? Recent studies find that ICTs can both increase and decrease such violence. We argue that, during civil wars, this effect depends on the type of ICTs. Mobile phones give rebels better military coordination to organize violence. In contrast, the internet increases the constraints of rebel
-
Counterinsurgency as an institution: Evidence from Turkey International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-04-06 Aysegul Aydin, Cem Emrence
ABSTRACT Are emergency zones effective counterinsurgency measures? In response to Kurdish rebellion, the Turkish state put 13 provinces under emergency rule (1987–2002). In this paper, we investigate the link between emergency rule and electoral support for a pro-insurgent party. First, using the first-differencing method, we show that the tenure of provinces under emergency rule contributes to the
-
The colonial roots of structural coup-proofing International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-03-28 Marius Mehrl, Ioannis Choulis
ABSTRACT Colonially inherited institutions are a key determinant of the regime type and economic outcomes of postcolonial countries. This study extends this claim to civil-military relations, arguing that former French colonies are especially likely to invest in structural coup-proofing. France created paramilitary units throughout its colonies for which many natives were recruited. After independence
-
Costly signaling in autocracy International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-03-28 Robert Carroll, Amy Pond
ABSTRACT Those who would revolt against an autocrat often face a dilemma caused by uncertainty: they would like to revolt if the ruler would respond with democratization, but they would prefer to concede if the ruler would choose instead to violently suppress the revolution. Consequently, the autocrat must decide how to best signal his willingness to use violence in hope of deterring revolt. Using
-
Commanding Support: Values and Interests in the Rhetoric of Alliance Politics International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-03-28 Jonathan A. Chu, Jiyoung Ko, Adam Liu
ABSTRACT How can democratic governments convince their citizens to support a costly military alliance? We theorize about two rhetorical tools that foreign policy leaders have historically used to achieve this goal: instrumental cues emphasizing national interests and ideational cues highlighting shared values. We then assess the effects of these appeals in various forms and contexts by analyzing two
-
Norms, Non-combatants’ agency and restraint in jihadi violence in northern mali International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Ferdaous Bouhlel, Yvan Guichaoua
ABSTRACT In 2012, several Jihadi armed groups stormed the northern part of Mali and became the unchallenged rulers of two-thirds of the country. Each group governed based on Islamic Law, codifying violence against their enemies in combat and the populations they controlled. Despite drawing on similar jihadist ideology, these governing systems differed significantly in their uses of violence and jurisprudence
-
Combatant rank and socialization to norms of restraint: examining the Australian and Philippine armies International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Andrew M. Bell, Fiona Terry
ABSTRACT How does combatant rank influence the adoption of international humanitarian law (IHL) norms—or “norms of restraint”—within military organizations? To date, few political science studies have directly examined the impact of rank in influencing combatant socialization to norms of restraint. Such a gap in the literature is striking: rank is perhaps one of the most fundamentally important characteristics
-
Will you still love me tomorrow? Partisan electoral interventions, foreign policy compliance, and voting in the UN International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Dov H. Levin
ABSTRACT What are the effects of partisan electoral interventions on the target’s subsequent cooperation with the intervener? Attempts by the great powers to affect the election results in other countries have been quite common with electoral interventions occurring in one of every nine elections between 1946 and 2000 as well as in the 2016 US presidential election. One important reason for such interventions
-
Making trains from boxcars: studying conflict and conflict management interdependencies International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Andrew P. Owsiak, J. Michael Greig, Paul F. Diehl
ABSTRACT Research on international conflict management remains largely siloed, with studies omitting conflict events and focusing on disparate conflict management strategies (e.g., mediation, or peacekeeping); yet we know that strategies regularly interact with conflict events and one another (e.g., within the same conflict). If one imagines conflict events and conflict management strategies as train
-
Examining conflict management technique sequences in international claims International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Zorzeta Bakaki, Marius Mehrl
ABSTRACT This study groups third-party conflict management techniques (CMTs) into binding and non-binding approaches to examine whether and how their sequence and, in more detail, changes therein explain the outcome of international issue claims. Third parties can intervene in disputes by providing good offices or mediation; they also engage with more binding approaches such as arbitration and adjudication
-
Helping without hurting: ameliorating the negative effects of humanitarian assistance on civil wars through mediation International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 J. Michael Greig
ABSTRACT A growing body of literature has suggested that, in the long-run, humanitarian aid, while well-intentioned, might be counter-productive to civil war conflict management because aid provides resources that help belligerents sustain their conflict, increasing the intensity of civil wars and lengthening their duration. This unintended consequence of humanitarian aid creates a paradox for policymakers
-
Interactions among conflict management techniques: extending the breadth and depth of the framework International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 Daniel Druckman, Susan Allen
(2021). Interactions among conflict management techniques: extending the breadth and depth of the framework. International Interactions: Vol. 47, Making Trains from Boxcars: Studying Conflict and Conflict Management Interdependencies, pp. 181-189.
-
Regime type and co-sponsorship in the UN General Assembly International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Daniel Finke
ABSTRACT The years immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union were characterized by high hopes for an expansion of the liberal world order and for lasting peace. In the meantime, discord between western democracies, led by the US, and non-democratic states has been increasing. In the present article, I ask in how far these tensions have reached the working level of international cooperation
-
Signaling restraint: international engagement and rebel groups’ commitment to international law International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Hyeran Jo, Joshua K. Alley, Yohan Park, Soren Jordan
ABSTRACT Approximately 20% of contemporary rebel groups have expressed commitment to international law and signaled their intention to exercise restraint during wartime. Which rebel groups make these commitments and under what conditions? We argue that international engagement shapes the likelihood of rebel commitment to international law. Rebel groups with transnational non-military support and clear
-
Women in uniform: the opening of combat roles in state militaries International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Michael J. Soules
ABSTRACT Women have historically been excluded from combat roles in state militaries. However, in recent years, women’s growing involvement in combat roles has sparked public debate. Currently, only a small minority of countries allow women into their ground combat forces. Given the policy relevance, it is important to examine the conditions under which militaries will allow women into combat roles
-
Rebel recruitment and retention in civil conflict International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Katherine Sawyer, Talbot M. Andrews
ABSTRACT While the conflict literature has examined the use of forced recruitment in conflict, the question remains why groups would choose to do so when forced recruits require expensive coercion and time intensive socialization processes. The prevailing wisdom in the literature is that forced recruitment is a tactic of the weak; yet empirically, we often observe relatively strong rebel groups employing
-
Complementary mediation: Exploring mediator composition in civil wars International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Elizabeth J. Menninga
ABSTRACT Mediators improve the chances disputants in civil wars sign a peace agreement by exerting pressure or influence, referred to as leverage. This paper explores how sources of mediator leverage complement one another and draws attention to an under-explored form of influence: credible staying power. I argue that softer forms of leverage (i.e. relationships with the disputants and credible staying
-
Categorization in international organizations International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-11-08 Doron Ella
ABSTRACT This paper explores why certain IOs officially categorize their member-states while others do not. It also examines the specific problems that categorization mechanisms are intended to solve. Building on theories of rational design, I argue that categorization is intended to provide a solution to cooperation problems in IOs and assist in preventing possible defections of participating member-states
-
Success of economic sanctions threats: coercion, information and commitment International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Dawid Walentek, Joris Broere, Matteo Cinelli, Mark M. Dekker, Jonas M. B. Haslbeck
ABSTRACT This study examines when and why threats of economic sanctions lead to the successful extraction of policy concessions. Scholars identified three (not mutually exclusive) hypotheses that explain the success of sanction threats: (a) the coercive, (b) the informational and (c) the public commitment hypothesis. The underpinning mechanisms for the hypotheses are, respectively, the economic cost
-
Democratizing the dispute: democratization and the history of conflict management International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Benjamin Denison, Krista E. Wiegand
ABSTRACT What explains the complex processes of democratization and conflict management? Are new democracies more likely to use peaceful means or engage in militarized means when presented with opportunities to resolve their territorial disputes? In this paper, we hypothesize that democratizing states still engaged in territorial disputes are more likely to attempt conflict management following the
-
Only Friends Can Betray You: International Rivalry and Domestic Politics International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Richard J. Saunders
ABSTRACT This article argues that dramatic political change in State A poses a threat to the interests that other states B share with it. The more salient those interests are to State B, the greater the threat posed by domestic political change within State A. Thus major changes in one state place the leaders of formerly friendly states into a domain of losses, motivating risk-seeking behavior in hopes
-
Conflict and cooperation with trade partners International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Timothy M. Peterson, Yuleng Zeng
ABSTRACT Escalating political conflict between major trade partners such as the US and China appears puzzling given theories linking trade to pacific international relations. We reconsider theories on bilateral trade, exposure to the global economy, and politics in order to explain contemporary events. Our approach departs from previous work in three key ways: we examine a broader range of conflictual
-
Abuse by association: migration from terror-prone countries and human rights abuses International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 Nazli Avdan, Naji Bsisu, Amanda Murdie
ABSTRACT A burgeoning body of work examines the connection between migration and security. Studies link migration to an increased volume of terrorism in destination states. More recent work examines the humanitarian consequences for political migrants and shows that refugees confront repression by state agents in recipient states. We argue that these consequences can generalize to society writ large
-
Should I stay or should I go? The decision to flee or stay home during civil war International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 Alex Braithwaite, Joseph M. Cox, Faten Ghosn
ABSTRACT The literature on forced migration reveals a linkage between conflict-related violence and displacement. However, it often neglects the potential that variable forms of violence have differential impacts on the decision to flee violence. Moreover, there is a mobility bias in the empirical literature, whereby analyses often focus upon individuals that leave their homes, neglecting to assess
-
Rebel command and control, time, and rebel group splits International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 Minnie M. Joo, Bumba Mukherjee
ABSTRACT Fractious splits of rebel groups debilitate the military capacity of these organizations which increases their vulnerability to anti-rebel operations. Despite the risks of disunity and the battlefield advantages of remaining cohesive, our new global sample of rebel groups (1980–2014) reveals that two-fifths of these (but not the remaining) groups have split into distinct, competing factions
-
Plausible deniability? An investigation of government and government-outsourced violence in refugee hosting areas International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Kerstin Fisk
ABSTRACT This paper examines the propensity for host governments and the groups they sponsor to engage in violence in areas that host refugee populations. Drawing on arguments that governments strategically delegate violence to affiliated groups for “plausible deniability” purposes, it argues that, due to concerns over self-settled refugees’ welfare burden as well as the concern that these refugees
-
How moral foundations shape public approval of nuclear, chemical, and conventional strikes: new evidence from experimental surveys International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Michal Smetana, Marek Vranka
ABSTRACT In this article, we present the results of two survey experiments on public support for nuclear, chemical, and conventional strikes. We examined how moral values of individuals interact with the approval of different kinds of strikes and with the effects of information about the ingroup and out-group fatalities. Our results show that while the public is more averse to the employment of chemical
-
Willful ignorance in international coercion International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 David Lindsey
ABSTRACT Intelligence gathering presents a dilemma when states attempt military coercion. New information may bolster the case for war and the credibility of threats to fight. But it may also undermine the case for war, thereby preventing states from achieving their aims through coercive threats. I argue that this incentivizes leaders to decline to gather available information about the state of the
-
Conflict management trajectories: theory and evidence International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Andrew P. Owsiak
ABSTRACT When multiple attempts to manage a given conflict occur, are these attempts interdependent – and if so, how? Policymakers and practitioners regularly report that such interdependence exists; and yet, explicit theorizing about it remains underdeveloped. The need for theorizing motivates the current study. Using the concept of a conflict management trajectory as a foundation, I develop four
-
Rivalry, ethnicity, and asylum admissions worldwide International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-11-08 Lamis Abdelaaty
ABSTRACT Why do countries welcome some refugees and treat others poorly? Existing explanations suggest that the assistance refugees receive is a reflection of countries’ wealth or compassion. However, statistical analysis of a global dataset on asylum admissions shows that states’ approaches to refugees are shaped by foreign policy and ethnic politics. States admit refugees from adversaries in order
-
Extant commitment, risk, and UN peacekeeping authorization International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Rebecca Cordell, Thorin Wright, Paul F. Diehl
ABSTRACT Do aspects of current UN peacekeeping operations affect the willingness of that body to authorize new operations? Our theoretical arguments center on the capacity and costs of the organization – specifically the committed resources and risks associated with ongoing operations – with the assumption that greater existing commitments and perceived risks lessen the likelihood that the UN will
-
The Structure and Evolution of the International Human Rights Network:Unpacking the Influences of Countries’ Contextual Factors and Network Configurations International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Rong Wang, Aimei Yang
ABSTRACT Guided by the multi-theoretical, multilevel (MTML) framework, this study draws from the World Polity Theory and World System Theory to examine factors shaping the structure and evolution of an international human rights network which included INGOs, IGOs, and countries as key players. Using a longitudinal research design and network modeling, this study collected data from 197 countries and
-
Known unknowns: media bias in the reporting of political violence International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-10-26 Nick Dietrich, Kristine Eck
ABSTRACT How does sourcing affect which events are included in international relations datasets? The increasing number of machine-coded datasets offers the promise of coding a larger corpus of documents more quickly, but existing automated processes rely exclusively on databases of news reports for coverage. We exploit source variation in the UCDP GED dataset, which includes events from media reports
-
Perceived to slack: secondary securitization and multilateral treaty ratification in Israel International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 Eyal Rubinson, Tal Sadeh
ABSTRACT This study emphasizes the place that cognitive processes rather than objective concerns have in ratification of multilateral treaties. We argue that secondary securitization by non-security experts hinders treaty ratification. When security is at stake, the potential costs of undesired action by the treaty’s IO are deemed higher, risk-aversion increases, and asymmetry among the member states’
-
Group identification, uncertainty, and the duration of genocide and politicide International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Gary Uzonyi
ABSTRACT Episodes of genocide and politicide show remarkable variation in how long they last. Some end within months; others continue for decades. Why do some persist while others end soon after they start? I argue that uncertainty influences the duration of killing. When a government has difficulty identifying members of a target group, it is less certain that it has accomplished its violent goals
-
Survival of the best fit: modelling nuclear proliferation International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 Paul Winter, Enzo Lenine
ABSTRACT The study of nuclear proliferation has recently undergone a renaissance, one element of which is the widespread application of a particular statistical technique known as survival modeling. But survival models are often misapplied and this misapplication has consequences for our understanding of nuclear proliferation. Scholars of nuclear proliferation consistently fail to account for two methodological
-
‘Wars of others’: national cleavages and attitudes toward external conflicts International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 Efe Tokdemir, Seden Akcinaroglu, H. Ege Ozen, Ekrem Karakoc
Why do individuals sympathize with others’ wars, an antecedent of the decision to become a foreign fighter? By collecting original public opinion data from Lebanon, in 2015, and Turkey in 2017, abo...
-
Amplifying and nullifying the impact of democratic sanctions through aid to civil society International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-07-26 Paulina Pospieszna, Patrick M. Weber
ABSTRACT Both foreign aid and sanctions are foreign policy tools to promote democracy. Yet, it is unclear how far incentives and coercion enhance democratization. Since sanctions and aid are often employed at the same time, the goal of this study is to determine their joint effect on democratization in target/recipient countries. We argue that sending democracy aid through civil society organizations
-
Re-examining the costs of sanctions and sanctions threats using stock market data International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 Clayton Webb
ABSTRACT Are sanctions and sanctions threats costly for the sanctioning state? The costs of sanctions for the sender are an important feature of many theories developed to explain the use and utility of economic sanctions. Despite the prominence of this assumption in existing research, there are only a handful of studies that have endeavored to analyze or estimate the economic consequences of sanctions
-
Shallow commitments may bite deep: domestic politics and flexibility in international cooperation International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 Jessica Edry
ABSTRACT Scholars generally view flexibility in international institutions as a trade-off – flexible agreements attract more signatories at the cost of limiting the institution’s ability to change behavior, because flexibility allows states to make shallow commitments that require little, if any, deviation from current behavior. This paper argues that this trade-off is less severe than previous research
-
Competition, Aid, and Violence against Civilians International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Yooneui Kim, Elizabeth J. Menninga
ABSTRACT How do donor governments respond to recipient government violence against civilians? Violence against civilians undermines a common goal of aid: to reduce the risk and impact of instability or civil conflict. We show that donors care about recipient violence against civilians, under certain circumstances. We argue that government use of violence against civilians reduces aid allocations to
-
“Whitewashing and extortion: why human rights-abusing states participate in UN peacekeeping operations” International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-06-28 Andrew Levin
ABSTRACT This paper examines the participation of human rights-abusing countries in UN peacekeeping operations. This seemingly growing occurrence raises questions given the UN’s emphasis in recent decades on protecting the physical integrity of civilians. How extensive are the contributions of human rights-violators in UN peacekeeping operations? And, what explains this phenomenon? I posit that peacekeeping
-
United Nations peace initiatives 1946-2015: introducing a new dataset International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-06-19 Govinda Clayton, Han Dorussen, Tobias Böhmelt
ABSTRACT The United Nations (UN) has developed a complex and interconnected system of committees, representatives, and missions in support of its peace and security mandate. This article introduces the United Nations Peace Initiatives (UNPI) data set, which provides information on 469 UN initiatives aimed at conflict prevention and crisis management, mediation, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding. The
-
The effects of economic sanctions on targeted countries’ stock markets International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-05-29 Glen Biglaiser, David Lektzian
ABSTRACT Although much previous research has investigated the impact of sanctions on trade and global capital, few academic studies have explored the effect of sanctions on stock markets in targeted countries. The lack of research is surprising as a frequent goal of sanctions is to inflict pain on financial markets in targeted countries to promote policy change. Using monthly market data for 66 countries
-
Mutual uncertainty and credible reassurance: experimental evidence International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 Brandon Yoder, Kyle Haynes
ABSTRACT Recent theoretical work has suggested that mutual uncertainty of a particular kind can promote credible reassurance and cooperation among states with compatible preferences. Specifically, on issues where cooperation is subjective, such that states are uncertain what types of actions the other will view as cooperative, credible reassurance under mutual uncertainty is straightforward. This finding
-
Human rights institutionalization and US humanitarian military intervention International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-05-05 Seung-Whan Choi, Youngwan Kim, David Ebner, Patrick James
ABSTRACT Are human rights a core value of US foreign policy? If so, how does the United States enforce human rights standards? Extant studies maintain that mass media, public opinion, and/or political concerns drive US decisions to engage in humanitarian military interventions. In this study, we explore the extent to which “human rights institutionalization” through the State Department’s human rights
-
Private military and security companies, corporate structure, and levels of violence in Iraq International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-05-05 Benjamin Tkach
ABSTRACT This article analyzes the effect of private military and security companies (PMSCs) on levels of civilian casualties in Iraqi governorates from 2004 to 2007. Within a principal-agent framework, we argue that the capacity to monitor and evaluate PMSC performance is conditioned by the availability of performance-related information. Crucially, PMSC corporate structure impacts the information
-
Welcome to the Jungle: a research note on leader entry, combat experience, and dispute targeting International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-05-05 Ross A. Miller
ABSTRACT A relatively large body of research emphasizes the vital role of the tenure of leaders in explaining conflict behavior. In some accounts, new leaders are more likely to be attacked than their more seasoned counterparts. But are all new leaders equally susceptible to challenge? This research note argues that a key characteristic of leaders – whether or not they have combat experience prior
-
Domestic Politics and the Effectiveness of Regional Human Rights Courts International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-05-02 Jillienne Haglund
ABSTRACT Under what conditions are regional human rights courts effective? I argue that in order for regional human rights courts to be effective, they should deter future human rights abuses and this is more likely when the executive adopts and implements rights-respecting policy in response to adverse regional court decisions. When the executive expects the domestic judiciary to implement regional
-
Bad-faith cooperation International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-04-20 William Spaniel, Michael Poznansky
ABSTRACT In many political contexts, antagonistic actors face a tradeoff. Broadly, they profit from noncooperative actions. But taking those actions signals unfriendly preferences to their targets, who may then take proactive countermeasures to mitigate the damage of later defections. We develop a model to investigate how actors can manipulate the signaling incentives. We show that the target best
-
Two sides of the same coin: can campaigns generate support for both human rights and retributive violence? International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-04-14 Alexandra Haines, Michele Leiby, Matthew Krain, Amanda Murdie
ABSTRACT Do framing strategies that are effective at encouraging pro-social behavior, such as participation in human rights campaigns, also mobilize support for violence within the same subjects? We use an experimental research design to examine individuals’ reactions to personal, humanizing narratives about past victimization. Participants are randomly assigned to one of eight treatment groups, which
-
Time for a haircut: political regimes and sovereign debt restructurings International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-04-11 Ignacio Mamone
ABSTRACT Conventional wisdom claims that reputation leads sovereign states to full debt repayment. However, defaults are recurrent, some debtor countries take a lot of time to end them, and some extract costly concessions from investors. This article argues that these differences are largely explained by the political regimes in the borrowing countries. While previous research examines whether democracies
-
Strategic rebels: a spatial econometric approach to rebel fighting durations in civil wars International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-04-05 Nils W. Metternich, Julian Wucherpfennig
ABSTRACT Recent research on multi-actor civil wars highlights that rebel organizations condition their conflict behavior on that of other rebel organizations, with competition and free-riding constituting the core theoretical mechanisms. We provide a new actor-centric approach to explicitly model strategic interdependence in multi-actor civil wars. We argue that rebel organizations have incentives
-
Politician hate speech and domestic terrorism International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-03-29 James A. Piazza
ABSTRACT Does hate speech – rhetoric that targets, vilifies or is intended to intimidate minorities and other groups in society – fuel domestic terrorism? This question is, unfortunately, relevant given the convergence of the use of hate speech by political figures and domestic terrorist incidents in a variety of countries, including the United States. In this study I theorize that hate speech by politicians
-
When aid builds states: party dominance and the effects of foreign aid on tax collection after civil war International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-03-22 Louis-Alexandre Berg, Naomi Levy
ABSTRACT Does foreign aid strengthen or weaken post-conflict states? We examine the effects of aid on tax collection after civil war, an important dimension of state effectiveness. While the literature emphasizes aid’s perverse effects, the relationship between aid dependence and the growth of tax collection is unclear. We argue that the impact of aid reflects its political utility for ruling elites
-
The business of peace: understanding corporate contributions to conflict management International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 Molly M. Melin
ABSTRACT Do private firms act beyond “business as usual” and proactively build peace? Firms are largely absent from the conflict management literature, despite studies suggesting their importance. What conditions encourage firms to actively prevent or resolve violent conflict? Are such actions interdependent with ongoing international conflict prevention and management efforts? I argue international
-
United Nations peacekeeping and terrorism: short-term risks and long-term benefits International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-02-16 Holley E. Hansen, Stephen C. Nemeth, Jacob A. Mauslein
ABSTRACT Does the introduction of UN forces impact terrorism? We argue that at least initially, UN peacekeeping missions may significantly shift the local conflict bargaining process, creating incentives for terrorist and insurgent groups to increase their attacks against civilians. UN missions create a symbolic endpoint to initial negotiations, alter the balance of power between combatants, and may
-
Too central to fail? Terror networks and leadership decapitation International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 Daniel Milton, Bryan Price
ABSTRACT Leadership decapitation, as a means of hindering the operations and hastening the demise of terrorist organizations, has been the subject of a growing body of research. However, these studies have not examined how an organization’s position in a broader network impacts its ability to weather decapitation. We argue that highly networked organizations possess characteristics that make decapitation
-
International political alignment during the Trump presidency:voting at the UN general assembly International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 Martin Mosler, Niklas Potrafke
ABSTRACT We examine voting behavior of Western allied countries in line with the United States over the period 1949 until 2019. Descriptive statistics show that voting in line with the United States on resolutions in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) was on average 7.2 percentage points lower under Donald Trump than under the preceding United States presidents. The policy shift is especially
-
Discrimination and ethnic conflict: a dyadic analysis of politically-excluded groups in sub-Saharan Africa International Interactions (IF 1.247) Pub Date : 2020-01-30 Ludovico Alcorta, Haley J. Swedlund, Jeroen Smits