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Accounting for Carbon Pricing in Third Countries Under the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Anatole Boute
To avoid penalizing exporters that already paid carbon prices, the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism credits carbon taxes and Emissions Trading Schemes in third countries. By excluding instruments of traditional regulation (e.g. emission standards) and indirect carbon prices (e.g. fuel excise taxes) from this crediting mechanism, the EU is criticized for discriminating against countries that do
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Learning to Use Trade Preferences: A Firm and Transaction Level Analysis of the EU–South Korea FTA World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Jonas Kasteng, Ari Kokko, Nils Norell, Patrik Tingvall
This article examines imports by Swedish firms and the utilization of the tariff preferences offered by the EU–South Korea Free Trade Agreement. To benefit from tariff preferences, the importer must make a formal request to use the preferences and also document the origin of the imported products (with a certificate of origin provided by the foreign exporter). This may be costly, and some importers
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The Evolution of Digital Trade Law: Insights from TAPED World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Mira Burri, María Vásquez Callo-Müller, Kholofelo Kugler
This article discusses and contextualizes the very recent advancements in digital trade regulation based on the insights provided by the Trade Agreement Provisions on Electronic-commerce and Data (TAPED) dataset. Within the time frame of January 2020 to November 2023 that we analyze, digital trade negotiations have increased in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) significantly, and there has been
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The Long Shadows of Brexit: Implications for African Countries World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Usama Salamat, Salamat Ali
The exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union (EU) single market and customs union has adversely affected trade prospects of many developing economies that depended on the UK market for their exports. This paper investigates the impact of Brexit on African countries' exports to the UK. The comparison is based upon trade between the set of African countries which export most to the UK and the
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On the Non-Discrimination Principles in Digital Trade World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Jeongmeen Suh, Joohyoung Lee, Jaeyoun Roh
What do the provisions on the non-discrimination principle (the principles) in digital trade mean under trade agreements, especially in the absence of a clear international consensus on the subject of the principles? To answer this question, this study first identifies the issues related to the application of the principles in digital trade and presents a theoretical framework to explain how the principles
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African Continental Free Trade Agreement's Conditional Most Favoured Nation: A Necessary Compromise? World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Rita Mawufemor Tsorme, Joseph Amoah
The inception of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) constitutes a major advancement in Africa's economic integration process. Diverging from what appears to be the norm in contemporary trade treaties, the agreement adopts a conditional Most Favoured Nation (MFN) clause hinged on the principle of reciprocity. Without the promise to reciprocate preferential treatment, the beneficiary
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Scrutinizing the Expanding Scope of Geographical Indication Protection: A Critical Analysis of the Justifications for the Anti-Evocation Measures World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Xinzhe Song
The global trend towards heightened protection for geographical indications (GIs) has been bolstered by the incorporation of anti-evocation provisions in various bilateral and regional trade agreements, primarily led by the European Union (EU). While these anti-evocation measures have raised GI protection to an unprecedented level, they also place limitations on the freedom of expression and competition
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Designing Competition Clauses in Preferential Trade Agreements World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Zhiyuan Wang
Competition policy is one important aspect of trade liberalization. However, when examining preferential trade agreements (PTAs), a major type of policy tools to liberalize trade, competition provisions are revealed not to be uniformly distributed across these treaties. What explains the variation in the design of competition clauses in PTAs? Borrowing insights from the rational design of international
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Trade Policy, Openness, and Development: Essays in Honour of L. Alan Winters World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Ingo Borchert, Bernard Hoekman
Alan Winters was the editor of the World Trade Review (WTR) from December 2008 to mid-2020. Launched in 2002 as a joint initiative of the WTO Secretariat and Cambridge University Press, the WTR has become the leading multidisciplinary journal in the field of international trade broadly defined. In the period during which Alan was editor of the journal, the number of issues grew from three to five,
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Land Abundance, Openness, and Industrialization World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Adrian Wood
With a modified formalization of Heckscher–Ohlin theory as the basis of a novel econometric specification, this paper uses worldwide data over three decades to estimate how the effects of greater openness on industrialization vary among countries with differing endowments of land relative to labour. The results confirm the theoretical prediction that greater openness reduces manufactured output shares
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Theoretical Underpinnings of ‘Land Abundance, Openness, and Industrialization’ World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Alasdair Smith, Adrian Wood
This paper develops a Heckscher−Ohlin model in which the effects on production structure of endowments and changes in trade policies depend in a continuous way on a country's degree of openness to trade. Its main contribution is to show semi-formally how the introduction of product differentiation causes the elasticities of output with respect both to factor endowments and to sectoral trade barriers
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Exporting and Technology Adoption in Brazil World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Xavier Cirera, Diego Comin, Marcio Cruz, Kyung Min Lee, Antonio Martins-Neto
There is limited evidence about the role that participating in international trade has on the diffusion of technologies. This paper analyzes the impact of exporting on firms’ adoption of technologies that are more sophisticated, using a novel dataset, the Firm-level Adoption of Technology (FAT) survey, that includes more than 1,500 firms from Brazil. The survey provides detailed information about the
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The Relative Importance of Global Agricultural Subsidies and Tariffs, Revisited World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Kym Anderson, Erwin Corong, Anna Strutt, Ernesto Valenzuela
Over the past three decades, tariff protection to farmers has fallen and partly been replaced by domestic support, whilst support for farmers in some emerging economies has grown. Against that backdrop, this paper provides new estimates of national economic impacts of global agricultural tariffs and domestic supports. Using the latest global economy-wide GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) model calibrated
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The Economic Interest Test in UK Trade Remedy Investigations World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Ilona Elzbieta Serwicka, Geoffrey Chapman, Bradley Tyler
The UK's Trade Remedies Authority (TRA) conducts economic assessments of the ramifications of trade remedies, the Economic Interest Test (EIT). Such assessments are not mandated by the World Trade Organization but are conducted by certain trade remedy investigating authorities, including those of Brazil, Canada, the European Union, and New Zealand. The EIT is a mandatory part of the UK trade remedy
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A (More) Systematic Exploration of the Trade Effect of Product-Specific Rules of Origin World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Julien Gourdon, Karin Gourdon, Jaime de Melo
Rules of Origin (RoO) are critical components of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). They are designed to stop products coming into a PTA through the partner that applies the lowest tariff – a phenomenon known as trade deflection. While RoO are necessary, complex RoO may undo the benefits of trade agreements. Using a novel database of RoO, this paper evaluates the incidence and restrictiveness of
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Trade Preference Utilization Post-Brexit: The Role of Rules of Origin World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Yohannes Ayele, Michael Gasiorek, Manuel Tong Koecklin
The degree to which firms make use of preferences in exporting to a partner country under a Free Trade Agreement will in good part depend on the restrictiveness of the underlying Rules of Origin (ROOs). Focusing on the post-Brexit Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) signed by the United Kingdom and the European Union, we examine how access to zero preferential tariffs has been impacted by ROOs. We
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The Indirect Effects of Brexit on African, Caribbean, and Pacific Trade with the UK and EU World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Pierluigi Montalbano, Silvia Nenci, Ilaria Fusacchia
We analyse the ‘indirect effects’ of Brexit on African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries’ exports that use the UK as a platform to access the EU market and vice versa. First, we use the EORA26 multi-region input–output database for 186 countries and 26 sectors to characterize the ACP domestic content embedded in bilateral trade between the UK and the EU. Second, we apply the GTAP-VA module to
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Trade and Sustainable Development: Non-Economic Objectives in the Theory of Economic Policy World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Joseph F. François, Bernard Hoekman, Douglas R. Nelson
While the theory of economic policy offers a potential framework for thinking about the joint pursuit of economic objectives (EOs) and non-economic objectives (NEOs), over time the theory of economic policy was formalized in a way that considers NEOs as constraints that are given, rather than as goals that may themselves be endogenous alongside EOs. We examine the analytical treatment of NEOs as co-determined
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Is Using Trade Policy for Foreign Policy a ‘SNO Job’? On Linkage, Friend-Shoring, and the Challenges for Multilateralism World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Robert Wolfe
Using trade policy to achieve foreign policy objectives, such as stable international relations, has a long history, from Kant to the founders of the GATT. Punishing enemies and rewarding ‘friends’ by granting or withholding market access is also not new, and sanctions or blockades are a venerable form of trade policy used as foreign policy. A more recent form is influencing the domestic policy of
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Climate Equivalence and International Trade World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Emily Lydgate
This article examines a significant question in navigating trade and climate tension: how to recognize another country as having equivalent climate regulations. Such equivalence forms a core component of many proposed models of so-called climate clubs. Establishing equivalence between distinct national climate regulation regimes poses a unique challenge that draws upon both trade and environmental
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Lowering Regulatory Trade Costs World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Jacques Pelkmans
Negotiations on ‘deeper’ trade agreements and estimates of tariff equivalents have increased the awareness that regulatory trade costs are (too) high. This paper discusses ways to effectively lower such costs, reviewing the potential role of trade agreements and international regulatory cooperation, and the approaches that have been taken in different world regions. Attention is also paid to cost reduction
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Do Lower Tariff Rates Promote Global Value Chain Participation? World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 Halit Yanikkaya, Pınar Tat, Abdullah Altun
The trade of intermediates now accounts for a growing share of global trade. In this highly fragmented global production system, any change in tariff rates can generate a higher impact than that of initial direct tariffs. To assess the impact of tariffs on global value chain participation, this study uses value-added trade statistics and cumulative tariff rates for 12 sectors from 168 countries for
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Towards an Effective Appellate Mechanism for ISDS Tribunals World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-06-21 Jeffrey Kucik, Sergio Puig
This Article identifies the problems of an Appellate Mechanism for ISDS Tribunals in relation with its possible benefits. We propose the inclusion of certain design features to improve the working of an eventual Appellate Mechanism and help mitigate problems related to procedural, conflict resolution, and substantive concerns. We finish by identifying the most central problems with a possible Appellate
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Tariff Flexibility Amid Formation of Preferential Trade Agreements: WTO Law vs. PTA Law World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-06-21 Jong Bum Kim, Li Yoo
This paper examines the legal ramifications of using tariff flexibility arising from GATT unbound tariff lines or tariff overhangs under both WTO and preferential trade agreement (PTA) law when flexibility is exercised preferentially for PTA partners. Under WTO law, a WTO member that is a party to a PTA under GATT Article XXIV is required to use tariff flexibility on a non-discriminatory basis. However
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Predicting Exporters with Machine Learning World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-06-21 Francesca Micocci, Armando Rungi
In this contribution, we exploit machine learning techniques to evaluate whether and how close firms are to become successful exporters. First, we train various algorithms using financial information on both exporters and non-exporters in France in 2010–2018. Thus, we show that it is possible to predict the distance non-exporters are from export status. In particular, we find that a Bayesian Additive
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The WTO's Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA): What's New? World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-06-14 Joost Pauwelyn
To preserve the functioning of WTO dispute settlement following the blockage of the Appellate Body, a sub-set of WTO Members created the Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA). In the wake of the first appeal award rendered under the MPIA, this contribution describes how the MPIA process works and lists some of the innovations that can be found in the first MPIA procedure. More innovations
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Preferential Trade Agreements, Geopolitics, and the Fragmentation of World Trade World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-04-14 Uri Dadush, Enzo Dominguez Prost
Failure to reestablish an effective World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement procedure, stop the erosion of multilateral rules and end the China–US trade war causes capitals to rethink trade policy. One response is to redouble efforts to strike trade agreements with major trading partners. Already countries accounting for about 78% of world Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are members of mega-regional
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‘Unforeseen Developments’ Before and After US – Safeguard Measure on PV Products: High Standard or New Standard? World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-01-26 Weihuan Zhou, Mandy Meng Fang
This paper offers a comprehensive study of the jurisprudence on the ‘as a result of unforeseen developments’ test under the WTO's safeguards (SG) rules. It contributes to the existing scholarship by making three fresh arguments. First, the Appellate Body's decision to ‘revive’ this test as a prerequisite for the application of SG measures is not necessarily incompatible with the drafting record of
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Domestic Investment Laws and International Economic Law in the Liberal International Order World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Julien Chaisse, Georgios Dimitropoulos
International Economic Law (IEL) has largely regulated cross-border trade and investment in the post-WWII world. IEL has become an important part of the Liberal International Order that prescribes a set of rule-based relationships for international cooperation based on political liberalism, economic liberalism, and liberal internationalism. However, economic globalization has witnessed a relative decline
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The Past, Present, and Future of Domestic Investment Laws and International Economic Law World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Jarrod Hepburn
This article considers the past, present, and future of domestic investment laws. Its focus is on the ‘facilitative’ investment law, which aims to encourage foreign investment by granting substantive protections to foreign investors and consent to international arbitration over disputes with foreign investors. The article first contends that states had independent reasons to enact such facilitative
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Domestic Investment Incentives in International Trade Law World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Anastasios Gourgourinis
Domestic Investment Laws (DILs), a prominent tool of contemporary unilateral International Economic Law (IEL) in the context of the Liberal International Order (LIO), consistently provide for investment incentives as a key aspect of domestic industrial policies geared to influence investment location decisions. The various types of investment incentives include fiscal measures to attract investment
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Regulatory Chill and Domestic Law: Mining in the Santurbán Páramo World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Anna Sands
A persisting question about investment treaties is whether they lead to regulatory chill – the reluctance to regulate on environmental and social issues due to fear of investment claims. The literature on this topic has been predominantly focussed on how the state responds to international pressures, and little has been written about what happens within the state itself. This article aims to fill that
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‘The Black Pit:’ Power and Pitfalls of Digital FDI and Cross-Border Data Flows World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Julien Chaisse
In today's data-driven economy, data have been dubbed as the new oil. Hence, a close relationship is shared between the increasing amounts of international investments and the increasing volumes of cross-border data flows. The aim of this article is to discuss the legal aspects of the new data paradigm in the international economy and place this discussion in the larger framework of globalization and
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The Right to Hospitality in International Economic Law: Domestic Investment Laws and the Right to Invest World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Georgios Dimitropoulos
Under the Liberal International Order (LIO) of the post-WWII years, foreign investment protection was meant to be granted by international law and institutions. But current economic de-globalization is giving way to institutional and legal de-globalization. Domestic laws relating to foreign investment, especially in the form of Domestic Investment Laws, are taking over International Investment Agreements
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Domestic Investment Laws, International Economic Law, and Economic Development World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Kehinde Folake Olaoye, Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah
‘Development’ is a legal concept which has been central to the practice of international economic law (IEL). This Article examines how ‘development’ continues to be at the heart of struggles between domestic investment laws (DILs) and international economic law. By examining over 3000 international investment agreements (IIAs) and DILs signed in the last seven decades, this Article identifies the ways
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Domestic Investment Laws and State Capitalism World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Xu Qian
State capitalism and the liberal economic order have had an antagonistic relationship. While the international economic law rules have sought to reduce the role of the state in the economy, state-controlled entities have more recently increased in size and importance – both domestically, as well as internationally. In this connection, the article analyses the effects of state capitalism's expansion
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International Organizations, Technical Assistance, and Domestic Investment Laws World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Tarald Gulseth Berge, Ole Kristian Fauchald
Can supranational actors influence domestic policy? In this article, we study how international organizations have sought to shape the contents of domestic laws aimed at protecting foreign investment. Traditionally, the influence of international organizations on public policy has been assumed to run through loan conditionalities. We build on a recent strand of literature indicating that international
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Export Fraud in India World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-11-22 Adrien Bussy, Mehtab Ahmed Jagil
We investigate tax fraud in a major export-promotion program in India – the Duty Drawback scheme – which enables exporting firms to claim a cash rebate proportional to the value of their exports, at a product-specific drawback rate. We detect fraud based on two approaches. First, we show that bilateral trade asymmetries between reported exports by India and reported imports by trading partners of the
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Industry Size and Trade Protection in the Presence of Environmental Regulations: An Empirical Investigation of the Indian Manufacturing Sector World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-11-17 Gaurav Bhattacharya
This paper tests the hypothesis pertaining to the interdependencies between trade and environmental policies in the presence of industry/firm lobbies, which is captured through industry/firm size. For an unbalanced panel of manufacturing firms in India at the five-digit National Industrial Classification (NIC), 2008 for the period 2008–2019, I find that firm size has a positive and significant impact
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Barriers to Panel Composition in RTA Dispute Settlement: Evaluating Solutions to a Perennial Problem World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Scott Falls
In the wake of the demise of the WTO's Appellate Body, there has been a growing trend of states resorting to the dispute settlement mechanisms under their regional trade agreements (RTAs) to resolve international trade disputes. While the vast majority of these mechanisms have never been used, many contain defective procedural provisions that are likely to slow down or completely derail the dispute
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From Necessity to Flexibility: A Reflection on the Negotiations for a TRIPS Waiver for Covid-19 Vaccines and Treatments World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Bryan Mercurio, Pratyush Nath Upreti
This article critically examines the proposed waiver of intellectual property (IP) rights for COVID-19 vaccines under the World Trade Organization Agreement's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which was initiated in October 2020 when the pandemic raged and vaccines were unavailable. However, the landscape has now changed and the waiver may no longer be necessary. The Outcome
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Fair Use of Geographical Indications: Another Look at the Spirited Debate on the Level of Protection World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Xinzhe Song, Xiaoyan Wang
One of the most contested issues in international trade negotiations is the level of protection granted to geographical indications (GIs). WTO Members are divided between the ‘Old World’ represented by the European Union and the ‘New World’ headed by the United States. For decades, conventional wisdom has suggested that the debate is indeed a disagreement over the terroir idea. This article tackles
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Shifting into Digital Services: Does a Financial Crisis Matter and for Who? World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-07-22 Erik van der Marel
Did trade patterns in services change into activities that were more digital-intense after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2008, and was this shift structural? This paper uses a Difference-in-Difference (DID) approach to investigate whether services trade became more digital-based after the GFC in 2008. It finds support that the GFC formed a break from the previous period that caused services
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The First Ten Years of WTO Jurisprudence on Renewable Energy Support Measures: Has the Dust Settled Yet? World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Henok Asmelash
The last decade has witnessed the emergence and rise of trade disputes over renewable energy support measures. By pitting trade against the environment, these disputes ignited a considerable debate over the adequacy of the green policy space available under WTO law. This article examines whether and to what extent the first ten years of litigation settled the key issues in this debate by undertaking
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US Trade Preference and Export Performance of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Evidence from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-07-14 Belay Seyoum, Rebecca Abraham
The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) was signed into law in May 2000 to encourage increased trade and investment between the United States and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It provides eligible countries with duty free access to the US market for over 1800 products in addition to those available under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). The benefits extend through 2025. This study explores
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Next-Generation Agreements and the WTO World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Kathleen Claussen
This paper reviews the trade agreement landscape and argues that the conventional understanding of trade agreements as encapsulated in the WTO Agreements is now outdated. This misperception about trade agreements is not just an institutional insufficiency. Concentration on those agreements has led many practitioners and commentators to underestimate the variable texture of the global trade agreement
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Carbon Border Measures, Environmental Effectiveness and WTO Law Compatibility: Is There a Way Forward for the Steel and Aluminium Climate Club? World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-06-24 Giulia Claudia Leonelli
With its narrow focus on price-based policies and ‘explicit’ carbon prices, the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) aims to prevent carbon leakage by ensuring that imported products ‘bear’ the same exact economic costs ‘borne’ by EU products. The proposed US border carbon adjustment (BCA) and the recent proposal for a global steel and aluminium arrangement (GSAA), by contrast, reflect a broader
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US Anti-Dumping Practices Evolving against Market Economies World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-06-14 Kyounghwa Kim, Jaeyoun Roh
This study examines how US discretionary practices developed in the past decade have affected antidumping duty rates against exporters. Using the most recent data on dumping margin calculations, we find that the US Department of Commerce (DOC) has developed discretionary practices in a more nuanced manner to inflate dumping margins, which have primarily targeted market economy exporters. Our case studies
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WTO Dispute Settlement: Crown Jewel or Costume Jewelry? World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-05-02 William J. Davey
The dispute settlement system of the World Trade Organization (WTO) knew considerable success in its early years, being described as the WTO's crown jewel. In recent years, the jewel has become tarnished. Its principal actor – the Appellate Body – is no longer functioning, and the practice of the membership has been to appeal almost all new panel reports, thereby consigning them to a legal limbo from
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Trade and Migration: Some New Evidence from the European Mass Migration to Argentina (1870–1913) World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 Giuseppe De Arcangelis, Rama Dasi Mariani, Federico Nastasi
During the first wave of globalization, Argentina was among the most internationally integrated economies, experiencing a rising trend in trade openness and a tremendous increase in labor due to migration. In this paper, we empirically show the central role immigration had in boosting exports and imports in the years 1870–1913 by considering Argentine bilateral trade and migration from eight European
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The Role of WTO Committees through the Lens of Specific Trade Concerns Raised in the TBT Committee World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-04-05 Kian Cássehgari Possada, Emmanuelle Ganne, Roberta Piermartini
The existing literature shows that transparency and monitoring reduce trade costs, improve regulatory practices and build and sustain trust. In this paper, using 555 specific trade concerns (STCs) raised by the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) committee in the period 1995–2018, we develop a novel classification of STCs. We distinguish between STCs aiming to exchange information (transparency STCs)
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Counterfactuals and Contingency in WTO Dispute Settlement History World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-03-31 Krzysztof Pelc
With the benefit of hindsight, much scholarship across political science, law, and economics has told the story of the international trade regime as if it had been pulled all along by a definite aim. By contrast, this article emphasizes the contingent aspects of the trade regime's development, looking especially to its dispute settlement mechanism. The very creation of the Appellate Body had by no
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Economic Geography, Politics, and the World Trade Regime World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-03-14 Stephanie J. Rickard
Although globalization and the world trade regime have reduced the significance of distance between countries, within countries geography matters now more than ever. Inside countries’ borders, economic activities, such as production and employment, occur unevenly across space. As a result, international trade impacts parts of a country differently. Some areas benefit from rising trade, while others
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Emerging Powers and the World Trading System: The Past and Future of International Economic Law by Gregory Shaffer Cambridge University Press, 2021 World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-03-07 Jingyuan (Joey) Zhou
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The WTO in Crisis: Closing the Gap between Conversation and Action or Shutting Down the Conversation? World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-03-07 Patrick Low
The multilateral trading system faces numerous challenges that are more profound than at any time in its seven-decade history. It has become commonplace to ask whether the system is in terminal decline. More than a dozen issues facing the WTO are identified in the paper, eight of which are defined as systemic. That is because they permeate and debilitate multiple facets of the workings of the WTO,
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Education and Trade Attitudes: Revisiting the Role of Economic Interest World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-02-08 Yannick Stiller, Andreas Dür, Robert A. Huber
Why are highly educated people more supportive of international trade? Two competing explanations exist for this empirical finding. On the one hand, the economic interest approach suggests that the highly educated realize that trade can benefit them economically. On the other hand, the ideational perspective argues that this relationship arises because highly educated people are more cosmopolitan,
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Clash of Powers: US–China Rivalry in Global Trade Governance by Kristin Hopewell Cambridge University Press, 2021 World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2022-01-17 Anton Malkin
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At the Margins of Globalization: Indigenous Peoples and International Economic Law by Sergio Puig Cambridge University Press, 2021 World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2021-12-09 Diane A. Desierto
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Political–Economic Determinants of External Import Protection under a Preferential Trade Agreement World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2021-12-02 Patricia Tovar
The stalling of WTO multilateralism and the proliferation of preferential trade agreements in recent decades have drawn substantial attention to the impacts of preferential liberalization. A critical question is how they affect the trade barriers imposed against outsiders. I examine the relationship between preferential trade liberalization and protection against non-member countries by testing the
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A Moral Stretch? US–Tariff Measures and the Public Morals Exception in WTO Law World Trade Review (IF 1.708) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Christian Delev
The ‘public morals’ exception remains a key aspect of the international trade system; however, its outer bounds have never been precisely defined. This question became pertinent in the US–Tariff Measures panel report, which expansively read the exception to justify a wide range of economic interests, including prohibitions on economic espionage, anti-competitive behaviour, and the regulation of government