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Are High-Immigrant Neighborhoods Disadvantaged in Seeking Local Government Services? Evidence from Baltimore City, Maryland Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Min Xie, David McDowall, Sean Houlihan
To modernize public service delivery, U.S. communities increasingly rely on 311 systems for residents to request government services. Research on 311 systems is relatively new, and there is mixed evidence on whether 311 can help bridge the gap between disadvantaged communities and governments. This study draws from research on immigration, race/ethnicity, and differential engagement to explore the
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How Political Dynasties Concentrate Advantage within Cities: Evidence from Crime and City Services in Chicago Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Stephanie Ternullo, Ángela Zorro-Medina, Robert Vargas
Classic models of urban inequality acknowledge the importance of politics for resource distribution and service provision. Yet, contemporary studies of spatial inequality rarely measure politics directly. In this paper, we introduce political dynasties as a way of integrating political economy approaches with ecological theory to better understand the political construction of urban spatial inequality
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Structural Disadvantages to the Kin Network from Intergenerational Racial Health Inequities Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Heeju Sohn
This article utilizes the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to demonstrate how disadvantages in healthy life expectancies accumulated across generations create disparate kin structures among African American families in the United States. The analysis quantifies the overlap in parents’ healthy years with their adult children’s healthy life expectancies and examines how much the overlap coincides with
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The Class Ceiling in the United States: Class-Origin Pay Penalties in Higher Professional and Managerial Occupations Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Daniel Laurison, Sam Friedman
Gender and racial pay penalties are well-known: women (of all races) and people of color (of all genders) earn less, on average, even when they gain access to occupations historically reserved for White men. Studies of social mobility show that people from working-class backgrounds in the US have also been excluded from top professional and managerial occupations. But do working-class-origin people
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Gender Equality for Whom? The Changing College Education Gradients of the Division of Paid Work and Housework Among US Couples, 1968–2019 Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Léa Pessin
In response to women’s changing roles in labor markets, couples have adopted varied strategies to reconcile career and family needs. Yet, most studies on the gendered division of labor focus almost exclusively on changes either in work or family domain. Doing so neglects the process through which couples negotiate and contest traditional work and family responsibilities. Studies that do examine these
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Occupying Shops to Defend Spaces of Livelihoods: From Tenant Shopkeepers’ Fragmentation to Collective Consciousness in Urban Korea Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Yewon Andrea Lee
When commercial real estate becomes a highly coveted investment commodity, tensions intensify between those whose interest lies in extracting maximum profits from their properties and those who utilize the very same spaces for making a livelihood. Through ethnographic research with a tenant shopkeepers’ social movement organization (SMO) in Korea, I analyze the new collective consciousness forming
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Month of Birth and Cognitive Effort: A Laboratory Study of the Relative Age Effect among Fifth Graders Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Jonas Radl, Manuel T Valdés
All around the world, school-entry cohorts are organized on an annual calendar so that the age of students in the same cohort differs by up to one year. It is a well-established finding that this age gap entails a consequential (dis)advantage for academic performance referred to as the relative age effect (RAE). This study contributes to a recent strand of research that has turned to investigate the
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Exposure of Neighborhood Racial and Socio-Economic Composition in Activity Space: A New Approach Adjusting for Residential Conditions Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Liang Cai, Christopher R Browning, Kathleen A Cagney
A longstanding urban sociological literature emphasizes the geographic isolation of city dwellers in residence and everyday routines, expecting exposures to neighborhood racial and socio-economic structure driven principally by city-wide segregation and the role of proximity and homophily in mobility. The compelled mobility approach emphasizes the uneven distribution of organizational and institutional
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The Stress of Injustice: Public Defenders and the Frontline of American Inequality Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Valerio Baćak, Sarah Esther Lageson, Kathleen Powell
Fairness in the criminal legal system is unattainable without effective legal representation of indigent defendants, yet we know little about the experience of attorneys who do this critical work. Using semi-structured interviews, our study investigated occupational stress in a sample of 78 attorneys representing indigent clients across the United States. We show how the chronic stressors experienced
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The Clandestine Hands of the State: Dissecting Police Collusion in the Drug Trade Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Mary Ellen Stitt, Katherine Sobering, Javier Auyero
Police collusion with drug market organizations is widespread around the world, but the nature of this collaboration remains poorly understood. This article draws on a unique data source to dissect the inner workings of police collusion: transcripts of wiretapped conversations, embedded in thousands of pages of court cases in which state agents have been prosecuted for collaborating with drug market
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Exploring the Fetal Origins Hypothesis Using Genetic Data Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Sam Trejo
Birth weight is a robust predictor of valued life course outcomes, emphasizing the importance of prenatal development. But does birth weight act as a proxy for environmental conditions in utero, or do biological processes surrounding birth weight themselves play a role in healthy development? To answer this question, we leverage variation in birth weight that is, within families, orthogonal to prenatal
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Skill Specificity on High-Skill Online Gig Platforms: Same as in Traditional Labour Markets? Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Jaap van Slageren, Andrea M Herrmann
Political economists and labour sociologists alike have studied how the skill specificity of workers can be explained, as it significantly affects workers’ performance. However, the emergence of the gig economy may substantially change skill hiring and specificity in online labour markets because gig workers do not need formal educational credentials to offer their services. Instead, skills are “unbundled”
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Cohort-Specific Experiences of Industrial Decline and Intergenerational Income Mobility Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Nathan Seltzer
The United States manufacturing industry has long been regarded as the economic engine that built and sustained the middle class. In recent decades, this pillar of economic opportunity has eroded substantially. Though much has been written about the decline of manufacturing sectors in United States communities, the potential consequences for economic mobility, and stratification processes more generally
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The Polarization of Popular Culture: Tracing the Size, Shape, and Depth of the “Oil Spill” Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Craig M Rawlings, Clayton Childress
Recent research suggests that political polarization has spilled over into otherwise mundane areas of social life. And yet, the size, shape, and depth of that spillage into popular culture are generally unknown. Relying on a sample of 135 widely known movies, TV shows, musicians, sports, and leisure activities, we investigate these issues. We find the “oil spill” of polarization into popular culture
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Assessing Admiration for Women Who Do “Men’s Work” Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Isabel Pike, Rachael S Pierotti, Mame Soukeye Mbaye
Drawing on interviews and focus groups from Conakry, the capital city of the Republic of Guinea in West Africa, this article examines how people talk about women working in male-dominated skilled trades alongside women’s accounts of their work experiences in those sectors. We find that the idea of women doing gender atypical work, whom we call “crossovers,” evokes widespread admiration. They are unanimously
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Social Capital and Cultural Producers’ Copyright Ownership of Their Creations: Evidence from the Television Industry 1956–1996 Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Erez Aharon Marantz
This paper explores how social capital and property regulations shape cultural producers’ ability to own copyrights for the products they create. Because individual producers lack the resources required to develop and distribute their creations, they partner with large firms who demand the copyrights for products they invest in. I argue two types of social capital—status and partner substitutability—enable
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Parental Schooling, Educational Attainment, Skills, and Earnings: A Trend Analysis across Fifteen Countries Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Nicola Pensiero, Carlo Barone
Using data on fifteen countries based on the harmonization of IALS and PIAC data, we provide a cross-national analysis of the evolution of the role of educational attainment and cognitive skills as mediators of intergenerational inequalities between 1994 and 2015. We find that the association between parents’ education and children’s earnings is large and highly stable over time in most countries,
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The Asymmetry of Embeddedness: Illegal Trade Networks and Drug Purchasing Diversity on an Online Illegal Drug Market Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Scott W Duxbury, Dana L Haynie
While economic sociology research and theory argue that excessive network embeddedness depresses competition in illegal markets, prior research does not examine how distinct types of embeddedness may have asymmetric effects on the diversity of purchasing behavior—the range of illegal goods that buyers typically purchase. This study considers how network embeddedness can positively or negatively affect
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Fiscal Impoverishment in Rich Democracies Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Manuel Schechtl, Rourke L O’Brien
This article introduces fiscal impoverishment as a framework for comparative poverty research. We invert standard analyses of welfare state policy and household poverty by focusing not on poverty alleviation but poverty creation and exacerbation. Using harmonized household survey data, we show how the income and payroll taxes most rich countries rely on to finance the public sector serve to push households
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Volunteering in the Creation of Entrepreneurship Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Dali Ma, Cheng Wang
We propose that volunteering increases the likelihood of self-employment among young adults because volunteering improves self-esteem, which helps prospective entrepreneurs cope with the challenges associated with self-employment. We further predict that young adults who participate in diverse voluntary organizations are particularly likely to undertake self-employment because affiliations with diverse
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Pathways of Peer Influence on Major Choice Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Brian Rubineau, Shinwon Noh, Michael A Neblo, David M J Lazer
Peers influence students’ academic decisions and outcomes. For example, several studies with strong claims to causality demonstrate that peers affect the choice of and persistence in majors. One remaining issue, however, has stymied efforts to translate this evidence into actionable interventions: the literature has not grappled adequately with the fact that in natural settings, students typically
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Opportunity or Exploitation? A Longitudinal Dyadic Analysis of Flexible Working Arrangements and Gender Household Labor Inequality Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Senhu Wang, Cheng Cheng
It has been extensively debated over whether the rise of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) may be an “opportunity” for a more egalitarian gender division of household labor or reinforce the “exploitation” of women in the traditional gender division. Drawing on a linked-lives perspective, this study contributes to the literature by using longitudinal couple-level dyadic data in the UK (2010–2020)
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Hispanic Men’s Earnings Mobility Across Immigrant Generations: Estimates Using Tax Records Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-09-30 Andrés Villarreal, Christopher R Tamborini
Whether immigrants and their descendants are catching up socioeconomically with the rest of society is a fundamental question in the study of immigrant assimilation. In this paper, we examine the progress that Hispanic immigrant men make catching up with the earnings of later-generation Whites across generations. We rely on data from multiple years of the Current Population Survey linked with individuals’
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Gendered Family Violence among Migrants Seeking International Protection: A Life Course Perspective Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Abigail Weitzman, Jeffrey Swindle, Gilbert Brenes-Camacho
Although family and migration scholars recognize that intimate partner violence (IPV) can motivate women’s movement between countries, little research considers IPV or other gendered family violence further back in women migrants’ life histories or explores the legacy of gendered family violence in cases where such violence is not the primary push factor. Here, we analyze in-depth interviews conducted
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Policy Effects on Mixed-Citizenship, Same-Sex Unions: A Triple-Difference Analysis Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Nathan I Hoffmann, Kristopher Velasco
After the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in 2013, same-sex partners of U.S. citizens became eligible for spousal visas. Since then, the United States has seen a rapid rise in same-sex, mixed-citizenship couples. However, this effect varies greatly depending on the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) policy context of the noncitizen’s country of origin. Using waves 2008–2019
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Work Hours Volatility and Child Poverty: The Potential Mitigating Role of Safety Net Programs Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Julie Cai
Despite established links among persistent unemployment, low wages, and children’s economic well-being, social scientists have yet to document how variability in work hours is linked to child poverty. Our knowledge of the safety net’s heterogeneous responses to work-hour instability is also limited. This is of critical importance for scholars and policymakers. Using nationally representative data collected
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Examining the Black Gender Gap in Educational Attainment: The Role of Exclusionary School Discipline & Criminal Justice Contact Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Marissa E Thompson
Black men and women have different levels of average educational attainment, yet few studies have focused on explaining how and why these patterns develop. One explanation may be inequality in experiences with institutional punishment through exclusionary school discipline and criminal justice exposure. Drawing on intersectional frameworks and theories of social control, I examine the long-term association
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Fear of a Black Neighborhood: Anti-Black Racism and the Health of White Americans Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Patricia Louie, Reed T DeAngelis
Does anti-Black racism harm White Americans? We advance hypotheses that address this question within the neighborhood context. Hypotheses are tested with neighborhood and survey data from a probability sample of White residents of Nashville, Tennessee. We find that regardless of neighborhood crime rates or socioeconomic compositions, Whites report heightened perceptions of crime and danger in their
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Masculinity on the Margins: Boundary Work Among Immobile Fathers in Indonesia’s Transnational Families Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Andy Scott Chang
Scholars underline the persistence of gender disparities in the household division of labor. However, it remains understudied how working-class men manage family life amid the physical absence of breadwinning women. Drawing on fifty-four in-depth interviews and over 22 months of fieldwork in Indonesia, this article investigates how non-migrant fathers navigate conjugal and paternal responsibilities
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The Impact of Privileged Classroom Friends on Adult Income and Income Mobility: A Study of a Swedish Cohort Born in 1953 Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-06-21 Klara Gurzo, Olof Östergren, Pekka Martikainen, Bitte Modin
Social relationships across and within generations are associated with intergenerational income mobility. Parents affect their children’s future opportunities through socialization and by conveying various resources to the child during upbringing. However, self-acquired social contacts of children, such as friendships in school, might also affect long-term outcomes. Children from less privileged homes
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Best for Whom? Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Breastfeeding on Child Development Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Jessica Houston Su, Kerri M Raissian, Jiyeon Kim
The slogan “Breast is Best” has been popularized by medical organizations and parenting networks to extoll the benefits of breastfeeding, yet the causal effects are widely debated. Our study contributes to the debate by examining whether breastfeeding has differential effects based on the propensity to breastfeed, which is also known as causal effect heterogeneity. Prior studies attempt to isolate
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An “Eye For an Eye” Versus “Turning The Other Cheek”? The Status Consequences of Revenge and Forgiveness in Intergroup Conflict Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Stephen Benard, Long Doan, D Adam Nicholson, Emily Meanwell, Eric L Wright, Peter Lista
Conflict between groups plays a powerful role in shaping social interaction within groups. Within groups, social status—respect, prestige, and deference—organizes, motivates, and stratifies social interaction. Yet, studies exploring how conflict between groups shapes social status within groups are relatively rare. We argue that intergroup conflict creates opportunities for individuals to gain or lose
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Promising or Predatory? Online Education in Non-Profit and For-Profit Universities Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-24 Christian Michael Smith, Amber D Villalobos, Laura T Hamilton, Charlie Eaton
Online education is a rapidly growing segment of the postsecondary system, and recent growth is concentrated at non-profit universities. Research shows that Black and low-income students are disproportionately represented in online programs; however, research on the outcomes of exclusively online education, especially at four-year non-profit universities, has been limited. Two narratives have emerged
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Career Compromises and Dropout from Vocational Education and Training in Germany Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-21 Janina Beckmann, Alexandra Wicht, Matthias Siembab
This study investigates the relevance of career compromises (i.e., the discrepancy between the expected and the actually attained training position) to the decision to drop out of vocational education and training (VET), focusing on compromises in terms of social status and gender type. We pay particular attention to upward and downward compromises. Using longitudinal data on 7205 apprentices from
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Theorizing Potential Downstream Cultural Consequences of LGBT+ Activism Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-21 Phillip M Ayoub, Douglas Page, Samuel Whitt
To what extent does local LGBT+ activism have impacts beyond its immediate surroundings? We offer a theoretical framework emphasizing how a combination of local movement visibility and LGBT+ cultural receptivity can account for disseminating influences of LGBT+ activism. We illustrate our framework in part through an analysis of the potential diffusion of LGBT+ support in Bosnia in the aftermath of
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Exoduster Entrepreneurs: Distinctiveness and Segregation in Minority Communities Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Martin Ruef, Ihsan Beezer
This study examines the creation of Black communities in the context of the Exoduster movement, the first major migration of African Americans out of the southern and border states. We focus initially on Nicodemus, Kansas, a site with well-preserved archival information, and then turn to census microdata on roughly three-hundred African-American communities that emerged in Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma
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Becoming a Father, Staying a Father: An Examination of the Cumulative Wage Premium for U.S. Residential Fathers Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Ohjae Gowen
The instability of fathers’ co-residence with children has become an increasingly prevalent experience for U.S. families. Despite long-standing scholarship examining the relationship between fatherhood and wage advantages, few studies have investigated how variation in fathers’ stable co-residence with a child may produce temporal changes in the wage premium over the life course. Building on prior
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Assortative Mating and Wealth Inequalities Between and Within Households Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Philipp M Lersch, Reinhard Schunck
Positive assortative mating may be a driver of wealth inequalities, but this relationship has not yet been examined. We investigate the association between assortative mating and wealth inequality within and between households drawing on data from the United States Survey of Income and Program Participation and measuring current, individual-level wealth for newly formed couples (N = 3936 couples).
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Legacies of Resistance and Resilience: Antebellum Free African Americans and Contemporary Minority Social Control in the Northeast Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Matthew Ward
To understand the persistence of racial disparities in the United States, inequality scholars have increasingly focused attention on historic regimes of violence and social control. In particular, a burgeoning literature examines the legacy of slavery, generally finding that where slavery was deeply entrenched, today racial inequalities and African-American deprivation are more acute. However, taking
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What Drives the News Coverage of US Social Movements? Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Weijun Yuan, Neal Caren, Edwin Amenta
What drives the news coverage of social movements in the professional news media? We address this question by elaborating an institutional mediation model arguing that the news values, routines, and characteristics of the news media induce them to pay attention to movements depending on their characteristics and the political contexts in which they engage. The news-making characteristics of movements
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Separate Spheres: The Gender Division of Labor in the Financial Elite Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Jill E Yavorsky, Lisa A Keister, Yue Qian, Sarah Thébaud
In recent decades, the financial elite have seen their economic resources grow significantly, while the income and wealth of other households have stagnated. The financial elite includes couples who are super-rich (top one percent), rich (the 90th–99th percentile), and upper-middle class (the 80th–89th percentile). Gendered work–family arrangements in top economic groups may contribute to inequality—particularly
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Within, Between, and Beyond: A New Approach to Examining World Income Inequality Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 Rob Clark
World income inequality is comprised of uneven development between states and unequal distribution within states. Recent work shows that the “between-country” component still accounts for a majority of the total, but that attention is shifting to the “within-country” portion, which is growing in both absolute and relative terms. What is less appreciated, though, is that the way income is distributed
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Racialization and Reproduction: Asian Immigrants and California’s Twentieth-Century Eugenic Sterilization Program Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Marie Kaniecki, Nicole L Novak, Sarah Gao, Natalie Lira, Toni Ann Treviño, Kate O’Connor, Alexandra Minna Stern
During the twentieth century, state health authorities in California recommended sterilization for over 20,000 individuals held in state institutions. Asian immigrants occupied a marginalized position in racial, gender, and class hierarchies in California at the height of its eugenic sterilization program. Scholars have documented the disproportionate sterilization of other racialized groups, but little
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The Past and Present of Crime Research in Social Forces: How the Sociology of Crime Lost its Roots—And Found Them Again Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Scott Duxbury
The centennial of Social Forces provides an opportunity to examine change and stability in crime research in one of sociology’s oldest journals. Since the first issue of Social Forces in 1922, crime and punishment have transitioned from marginal topics subsumed under the umbrella of deviance studies to a central research area. This essay traces the intellectual development of crime research as captured
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Stratifying Disaster: State Aid, Institutional Processes, and Inequality in American Communities Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Ethan J Raker
Disaster aid is an increasingly costly form of social spending and an often-overlooked way that welfare states manage new forms of risk related to climate change. In this article, I argue that disaster aid programs engender racial and socioeconomic inequalities through a process of assistance access constituted by distinct state logics, administrative burdens, and bureaucratic actors. I test this claim
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The Cumulative Effects of Colorism: Race, Wealth, and Skin Tone Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-03-14 Alexander Adames
Researchers have long documented a persistent Black–White gap in wealth. These studies, however, often treat race as a discrete category, eluding its socially constructed nature. As a result, these studies assume that the “effect of race” is consistent across all individuals racialized as Black. Studies that make this assumption potentially obscure heterogeneity in the size of the Black–White wealth
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State Nobility in the Field of International Criminal Justice: Divergent Elites and the Contest to Control Power over Capital Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 Mikkel Jarle Christensen
Criminal law was long considered as the sovereign domain of the state. However, after the end of the Cold War, states created new international criminal courts. These courts are part of a wider field of international criminal justice in which different elites work to develop, support, and critique legal ideas and practices that either complement or challenge the state. Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu’s
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Our Friends Keep Us Together: The Stability of Adolescents’ Cross-Race Friendships Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-03-04 Balint Neray, Molly Copeland, James Moody
Substantive racial integration depends on both access to cross-race friendship opportunities (demographic integration) and the development of stable and rewarding social relations (social integration). Yet, we know little about the relative stability of cross-race friendship nominations over time. Cross-race friendships are also experienced within social contexts, where other individual, dyadic, and
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Displaced Trust: Disrupting Legal Estrangement during Disaster Recovery Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-03-03 Jasmine Simington
Recent research on federal disaster aid distribution reveals stark racial and economic inequalities. Importantly, the very individuals and groups disadvantaged by FEMA funding—non-White, low-income households—are also the populations most likely to exhibit distrust toward the state. How does distrust shape the disaster recovery process in a low-income, rural, predominantly Black context? Using semi-structured
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School Shootings, Protests, and the Gun Culture in the United States Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Susan Olzak
Scholars document that attitudes toward guns and gun policy reflect deeply entrenched cultures that overlap with ideological affiliations and party politics. Does exposure to dramatic events such as school shootings and protests regarding gun control affect these patterns? I explore two aspects of the gun culture: attitudes favoring (or rejecting) stricter gun policies and the number of memberships
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Parental Death Across the Life Course, Social Isolation, and Health in Later Life: Racial/Ethnic Disadvantage in the U.S. Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Rachel Donnelly, Zhiyong Lin, Debra Umberson
Bereavement is a risk factor for poor health, yet prior research has not considered how exposure to parental death across the life course may contribute to lasting social isolation and, in turn, poor health among older adults. Moreover, prior research often fails to consider the racial context of bereavement in the United States wherein Black and Hispanic Americans are much more likely than White Americans
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The Power Elite in the Welfare State 2012–2017: Stability and Change in the Key Institutional Orders of the Core of Power Networks in Denmark Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Christoph Houman Ellersgaard, Anton Grau Larsen
C. Wright Mills’ framework of power elites did not just address the power structure of post-World War II America. We propose a methodological framework to identify this group—by locating individuals sitting at the core of elite networks—arguing that the sector composition of this group reflects the relative importance of institutional orders within the limits of a nation-state. With two comprehensive
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Shared Identities and the Structure of Exchange Distinctly Shape Cooperation Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-02-06 Ashley Harrell, Joseph M Quinn
People frequently engage in preferential treatment toward those with whom they share category memberships. At the same time, sociologists have long understood that the structure of ongoing relations shapes micro-level interactions. Here, we ask whether—and if so, how—same-identity bias in cooperation interacts with key structural features of exchange relations. Specifically, we use the affect theory
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The Differential Impacts of Contingent Employment on Fertility: Evidence from Australia Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Mark Wooden, Trong-Anh Trinh, Irma Mooi-Reci
Many studies have reported evidence of negative associations between fixed-term contract employment and fertility. With few exceptions, these studies assume that employment status is exogenous and thus results are likely biased. Furthermore, previous research has mostly not considered whether the effects of employment status on fertility might vary with other worker characteristics. We draw on nineteen
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School, Studying, and Smarts: Gender Stereotypes and Education Across 80 Years of American Print Media, 1930–2009 Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-01-28 Andrei Boutyline, Alina Arseniev-Koehler, Devin J Cornell
In this article, we apply computational word embeddings to a 200-million-word corpus of American print media (1930–2009) to examine how education-relevant gender stereotypes changed as women’s educational attainment caught up with and eventually surpassed men’s. This case presents a rare opportunity to observe how cultural components of the gender system transform alongside the reversal of an important
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Child-Driven Parenting: Differential Early Childhood Investment by Offspring Genotype Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Asta Breinholt, Dalton Conley
A growing literature points to children’s influence on parents’ behavior, including parental investments in children. Further, previous research has shown differential parental response by socioeconomic status to children’s birth weight, cognitive ability, and school outcomes—all early life predictors of later socioeconomic success. This study considers an even earlier, more exogenous predictor of
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Community Violence and the Stability of Marriages and Cohabitations in Mexico Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2023-01-09 Mónica L Caudillo, Jaein Lee
This study evaluates the link between local violence and the stability of women’s first co-residential unions in Mexico by exploiting the drastic increase in homicide rates caused by the Mexican War on Drugs in December 2006. We use event history analysis and individual union histories collected by a national survey in 2009 to assess whether increasing homicide rates in the previous 2 years relates
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How politics constrain the public’s understanding of terrorism Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2022-12-13 Murat Haner, Melissa M Sloan, Justin T Pickett, Francis T Cullen, Victoria O’Neill
Far-right domestic terrorism is a major threat to US national security. Despite this reality, conservative policymakers have downplayed the threat of right-wing violence while arguing that far-left violence (from groups like Antifa) is a more pressing concern. Drawing on attribution theory and research on politically motivated reasoning, we suggest that politics constrain the American public’s understanding
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Identification in Interaction: Racial Mirroring between Interviewers and Respondents Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2022-11-12 Robert E M Pickett, Aliya Saperstein, Andrew M Penner
Previous research has established that people shift their identities situationally and may come to subconsciously mirror one another. We explore this phenomenon among survey interviewers in the 2004-2018 General Social Survey by drawing on repeated measures of racial identification collected after each interview. We find not only that interviewers self-identify differently over time but also that their
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Identificational Orientations among Three Generations of Migrants in France Social Forces (IF 5.866) Pub Date : 2022-11-10 Ewurama A Okai, Julia A Behrman
Scholarship on migrant identity increasingly shows that migrants can—and often do—construct multifaceted identities. Yet, questions around migrant identity formation remain contested in France, given a strongly assimilationist policy context that (in theory) precludes multiple identification. This paper explores intergenerational patterns of migrant identification in France using a nationally representative