Abstract Current study investigates the gender gap in academic promotions in Turkey taking a new perspective on the widely established existence of gender inequality in academia. The dataset includes the eight most-prominent research universities in Turkey and the nature of the ‘glass ceiling’ is explored by looking at the gendered distributions of: (1) academic seats -indicating academic performances

Abstract To challenge the commonly made assumption in cross-national survey projects that close translation yields more comparable data than adaptation, we implemented a translation experiment in the CROss-National Online Survey Panel. The English source questionnaire was split into three batches of 20 items each and was translated by three translation teams into Estonian and three teams into Slovene

Abstract As societies become more diverse, especially with inflows of immigrants, some research finds lowered social trust as an inclusive integration eludes countries, cities, and neighborhoods. But previous research finds this diversity–trust link to be highly variable across studies and in particular across geographic scales. One under-studied scale is that of cities, even though trust is essential

Abstract The article focuses on the identity transformation of “the people” in the right-wing populist movement PEGIDA as a social force shaping populist discourse in Germany. The methodical approach, assuming the people as the sum of heterogeneous individuals, is criticized due to the confusion and discrepancies arising between statistical and experienced realities. Following Laclau’s theory of populism

Abstract The article deals with research on the attitudes, reactions and behavior of the Slovenian population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with regard to general trust and trust in the Slovenian government. To gauge the reactions of Slovenians, we conducted an online survey among the adult population of Slovenia during the period of the pandemic and related restrictive measures. The survey

Abstract This study examines whether and how the lockdown due to the Covid-19 epidemic affected the division of household activities between partners in a sample of dual-earner heterosexual couples in Italy. Although women have been more and more present on the labor market, inequality in household activities remains high, with Italian women doing 86,4% of house chores and childcare tasks. Past research

Abstract The quarter century following the historic 1994 elections in South Africa and the establishment of a democratic dispensation was a period of transformative change. During this time, nation-building efforts were undertaken as a means of promoting redress, overcoming the country’s colonial, segregationist and apartheid past, and challenging traditions of racialised citizenship. Progressive legislation

Abstract Most studies that focus on heating-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions do so with either a focus on technical aspects or a focus on heating-related attitudes and behavior. Either way, they assign little attention to the influence of sociodemographic factors. However, if an integrated understanding of the sociological factors behind heating-related GHG emissions is to be developed, the interrelationship

Abstract The norm of parenthood in a heteronormative union expects individuals to become parents as a preordained milestone in their life-course. This norm emanates from the ideology of pronatalism that promotes procreation for the well-being of the individual, family and society. The present paper is set against varying yet converging manifestations of pronatalistism in India and Canada, as evident

This study examines nonresident parents' contact with their children in Hungary during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with 14 nonresidential fathers, 3 resident m...

Abstract Over the seven decades since the passing of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UNGC), our understanding of both genocide as a crime and perpetrator motivation has evolved. The definition of genocide as a punishable crime and the typologies of its perpetrators have become increasingly varied and complicated; as such, scholars have provided

Abstract Through case study analyses a small body of research has focused on the role the internet plays in radicalizing potential lone wolf terrorists. However, scholars have yet to examine how internet connectivity influences terrorism cross-nationally. Thus, this project attempts to address that limitation. This paper examines the effect internet connectivity has on domestic terrorism in 80 democracies

Abstract On 18 October 2019, after weeks of subway fare evasions in a protest for a fare increase, protesters occupied some stations of the Metropolitan Public Transport Network in Santiago, Chile’s capital city. An explosive and surprising escalation of violence ensued later that night marking the beginning of an ongoing social crisis that extended to other regions of the country, and reshaped, probably

Abstract Since the 1990s, the indigenous movement has been the most active social movement in Ecuador. However, the years after 2000 were marked by rather small and punctual mobilizations, instead of big national uprisings. This changed with the national strike of October 2019 that was partially led by a rejuvenated indigenous movement with new leaders and a renewed discourse that build a broad alliance

Abstract Anthropogenic climate change has provoked worldwide responses to address existing and impending dangers to the natural world and society. The rapid expansion of solar energy in recent decades has emerged as a viable alternative for generating electricity and is largely responsible for the steady growth in overall renewable energy expansion worldwide. In this paper, I examine factors influencing

Abstract The specialty of our paper, based on the Hungarian survey of ISSP 2017 is that (1) we only focus on a single (the planning) phase of the migration process, (2) we use the concept of network capital, which fits the strategic features of the migration potential phenomenon, (3) we estimate the impact of the size of Ego’s network and that of the respondents’ strong and weak ties on the migration

Abstract Amidst debates about national unity and cultural diversity, this paper examines whether and when people living in a highly diverse country self-identify as a member of their nation, their ethno-cultural group, or with both (dual self-identification). Two large-scale studies with nationally representative data of the Mauritian population show that a clear majority demonstrates dual self-identification

Abstract Analyses regularly document that even in advanced post-industrial societies social networks are relied on when searching for a job or borrowing money, particularly in situations of uncertainty. Our main goal within this paper is to test whether the preference for strong ties when looking for a job and borrowing money varies systematically between individuals and countries. We test if this

Abstract This study focuses on attitudes related to fulfilling family obligations and their relationships to migration behavior. We hypothesize that men who highly value fulfilling family obligations will be more likely to migrate in order to fulfill material obligations while women who highly value fulfilling family obligations will be less likely to migrate in order to fulfill care obligations. The

Abstract This contribution complements the special issue on the 2017 ISSP survey on social networks and social resources by presenting a comprehensive overview of its results at the country level. Our analysis comprises a summary of the respondents’ views on social trust and cohesion, the size and diversity their social network, their subjective health and life satisfaction, as well as the frequency

Abstract Past cross-national research has shown that health status does not exclusively depend on biology-related variables, but also on social capital measures, such as interpersonal trust and social participation. However, this literature has not considered network support, an important pillar of social capital when it is understood as access to resources within members of a network. In this article

Abstract This special issue introduces the 2017 Social Networks and Social Resources module of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). This module has been newly developed based on specific, up-to-date theoretical and methodological foundations. Within certain limits the designers of this module aimed at allowing comparisons with the previously fielded ISSP modules on Social Networks from 1986

Abstract We theorize that people’s perceptions of national hierarchy are aligned not only with longstanding cultural schemas of development but also with schemas of cultural wealth. We use data from the Nation Brands Index surveys to examine how European publics’ evaluate their own country and other European countries across many attributes. We find that European publics rank northwest European countries

Abstract This paper is about the impact of social bonding on subjective wellbeing. Statistical analysis of the 2017 ISSP module data from 30 member societies provides the following findings. First, the 30 societies show a large variation in measures of social bonding and subjective wellbeing. Second, an individual’s subjective wellbeing is significantly higher when he/she is socially engaged as compared

Abstract Set against growing interest and advances in relation to multinational, multiregional, and multicultural (3MC) survey research, this paper will reflect on some of the survey challenges that inevitably confront the survey scientist in South Africa. South Africa is a heterogeneous, multicultural society with a variety of socio-economic problems and large inequalities and endeavors to collect

Abstract Inequalities in social capital are accepted today as important aspects of social and economic prosperity. This analysis utilizes global comparative data from the International Social Survey Program and finds substantial variation in the three types of social capital across social classes, in a cross-country perspective as well as among two types of societies, 10 high-trust and 13 low-trust

The paper starts from the thesis that unhindered international communication is a central characteristic of modern science. Second, the paper argues that scientific progress cannot be defined unequivocally in the social sciences. Four structures inhibit free international communication (linguistic barriers, the size of a national sociological community, the quality of scientific research, and the influence

The problems of survey design and sampling in India are multi-fold and most of the time unexplained to the text-book methods which are normally derived in many homogenous societies. There are many localized problems which are not worked into the theories, hypotheses and practicalities of survey design and research. Major practical problems such as multiple languages and dialects, low education, seasonal

This article contributes to methodological discussions of monitoring interviewer-administered surveys during fieldwork on wife abuse in India. Researchers collecting primary data often have to navigate unfamiliar social and cultural norms of conduct, travel to remote locations and have to obtain fluency in multiple languages to begin the process of conducting interviews. Further, conducting interviews

Culturally diverse workplaces are becoming commonplace. Amidst growing concerns about workplace racism and discrimination in multicultural societies like Australia, how positive relationships across difference at work are built has not been clearly understood. This article contributes to this discussion by exploring the development of cross-cultural conviviality in the Australian welfare workplace

In Western European countries, studies on the relationship between class position and political outlooks so far have a limited understanding of the relevance of class analysis, while in semiperipheral countries, like Croatia, research on class-related mechanisms and political behavior is modest, with a clear deficit of empirical research. The main goal of class analysis is to have the potential to

Some scholars see class as increasingly irrelevant in shaping opinions toward inequality, while others maintain that it endures. However, what is often problematic with research in this area is the conflation of class and status. Further, contemporary accounts of peoples’ perceptions of inequality often draw on insights from stratification or from political affiliation but do not consider the interplay

It has been studied that there are many young immigrants who are at risk of being marginalized in Finnish Lapland. There are less opportunities for participating in activities in northern Finland, access to the local labor market is difficult, and there are few activities that support the youth immigrant’s own culture. These dilemmas may have regional differences, but the economic prospects for living

In this article we show that perceptions of corruption and the experience of bribery are related theoretically and empirically at the individual level, although the magnitude of this association relies on two context variables, country-level corruption and press freedom. For that purpose, we propose a sociological approach to understand how people form “mental images” of corruption beyond (as well

This issue of International Journal of Sociology is the second special issue (after 49/2) that centers on scholarship that draws on the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) Role of Government (ROG) module. The ROG module was the first ISSP survey and has been fielded five times: 1985, 1990, 1996, 2006, and 2016. As guest editors, we want to thank the editor-in-chief, Markus Hadler, for being

This contribution presents descriptive findings on individual attitudes and public opinion based on the International Social Survey Program Role of Government module. It covers the period from 1985 to 2016 and is guided by the idea that attitudes and opinions are aligned with the international divisions in different welfare regimes. The analysis includes all countries that fielded this ISSP survey

Recent studies assume that the middle class’s commitment to the welfare state has gradually eroded through the implementation of neoliberal policies. This article takes a more nuanced view by addressing the increasing heterogeneity within the middle class. It first shows that large segments of the middle class hold composite attitudes toward public spending. Small business owners combine moderate support

The United States has not developed a comprehensive welfare state, unlike most other Western countries. This has been subject to a number of different interpretations. One of the prominent theories is that Americans carry a special creed of individuality and liberty that can be traced back to the establishment of the American nation-state. This cultural “American exceptionalism” is argued to be a hindrance

While it is becoming increasingly evident that environmental problems such as climate change and global warming constitute existential threats to human societies, these problems will very likely persist and even intensify unless governments enact effective and potentially costly environmental policies. However, government policies and spending ultimately rely on public support, thus underscoring the

The Role of Government (ROG) module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a unique high-quality data source for comparative research on political attitudes and orientations. This article describes the content, coverage, and history of the ISSP 2016 ROG module, which was fielded in 35 countries. The module has been fielded five times since its inception in 1985, and a majority of the

Equivalence in survey design and implementation is a core issue in cross-national research. Construct equivalence deals with the validity of concepts measured by survey questions and is a prerequisite for meaningful cross-national analyses. Since respondents are socialized in different cultures and political systems, their interpretation of concepts in the same way cannot be taken for granted. This

This article deals with the consistency of the attitudinal structure of environmental concern in cross-national comparison using structural equation models (SEM) with International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2010 data. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis is used to explore measurement invariance and to test the cross-national consistency of the relationship between environmental attitudes

Research has shown that neoliberal economic policies may increase violence. In this study we extend this logic to create a “neoliberalism-homicide hypothesis.” We test this hypothesis using two global measures of neoliberalism (the Economic Freedom of the World Index and the Index of Economic Freedom) and 2014 homicide rates for 142 nations. Regression analysis provides little support for the neoliberalism-homicide

Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data are used to examine what predicts current contraception and condom use among married women in Ghana. Women’s gender-based power is examined in the three dimensions of interpersonal decision-making power, household status, and socioeconomic status; these dimensions are considered as predictor or focal variables. Ghanaian women’s higher sexual decision-making

Research on how the public is willing to make sacrifices for the environment is increasingly prominent worldwide. For most cross-national studies, researchers used either one year’s worth of data or multiple years of data but focused exclusively on World Values Survey (WVS) or International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) data. The conclusions drawn from these studies are not generalizable because a

This study presents an empirical cross-national analysis of the influence of fossil fuel (or carbon) dependence on climate change public opinion using ordinary least squares and robust regression modeling of aggregate, national-level data from Gallup World Poll surveys conducted in 2010. These provide measures of public awareness, perceived risk, and perceived human cause of climate change among general

This study advances the current understanding of why many citizens do not display a high level of commitment to protecting the environment. We examine cross-national differences in the salience of attitudinal and behavioral profiles distinguished by their comparably low levels of pro-environmental behavior, in both the public and private spheres. Based on theories of postmaterialism and collective

Presenting a comprehensive measurement instrument of 12 statements expressing resentments toward Americans and America, this study shows that anti-Americanism can be conceptualized as a robust and stable attitude transcending everyday politics. In a test-retest design applied in Germany in 2011 and 2012, we found a fair to moderate temporal stability of anti-American attitudes. Furthermore, we tested

The degree to which young people with a migrant background are underrepresented in vocational education and training (VET) varies between Germany’s federal states. The present study applies a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (Fs/QCA) to investigate the effects of the amount of apprenticeships, the presence of full-time vocational schools, and a transition system in Germany’s federal states

This contribution deals with (a) educational achievement, (b) intergenerational educational mobility, and (c) changing patterns over time in Austria since World War II. Data from the Social Survey Austria of 1986, 1993, 2003, and 2016 are used. Contemplating the 27-to-46-year age group at different points in time, effects of an expanding and changing educational system on intergenerational educational

The goal of this research is to examine the associations among personal characteristics, country-level indicators, and the retirement timing in 20 European countries. Data came from 34,483 retired respondents who participated in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Using a multilevel analysis, we explored the relationship between timing of retirement and personal as well as country-level

In a globalized world, how do individual people navigate experiences with difference? How do they internalize cosmopolitan values? Using a large mixed-methods data set, this article explores the ways that individuals can be both cosmopolitan and nationalist at the same time. It does so by operationalizing cosmopolitanism, and analyzing how it develops among U.S. Peace Corps volunteers. This article

This article aims to provide a comparative assessment of work values across countries as well as over time. Differences and similarities in job preferences for eight central value dimensions are examined across nineteen countries between 1989 and 2015, made possible by four survey rounds from the International Social Survey, Work Orientation modules. Analyses of how extrinsic and intrinsic work values

This contribution offers an overview of the results derived from the 2015 ISSP survey on work orientations, which was fielded in 2015–16 in a total of 37 countries. The national surveys canvass random samples of the adult population and include questions for the general population and working respondents. Among the general population, we provide an overview of attitudes toward the centrality of work

This special issue introduces the 2015 Work Orientations survey of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). This survey is the fourth module on Work Orientations—with previous waves fielded in 1989, 1997, and 2005. In general, the Work Orientations modules include attitudes toward work and private life, as well as respondents’ work organization and working conditions. The special issue includes

Flexible work is commonly implemented to provide workers with greater discretion to accommodate competing demands. While investigated at the individual and organizational levels, less is known about whether national cultures of flexible work are associated with workers’ ability to match their desired to actual work hours. Applying data from the 2005 International Social Survey Programme (n = 19,134

This article analyzes circulation in the ranks of Polish parliamentary elite and at the same time serves as detailed description of the evolution of the political scene in the 1989-2011 period. I use the East European Parliamentarian and Candidate dataset (EAST PaC) for Poland to look at “supply” side of political representation, that is statistics on candidates and mandates, but not on the votes and

Although 25 years have passed since the Hungarian transition of 1989–90, to date, there have been no systematic analyses of candidate characteristics and candidate selection patterns. This article asks: What candidate features do party selectorates value when deciding on candidate nominations from 1994 to 2010? I investigate the candidate selection patterns of Hungarian parties though candidates’ placement

Candidates running for the Polish Sejm are increasingly drawn from a wider group of occupations (1991–2011). As the percents of intelligentsia and farmers decline in the candidate pool they are replaced by candidates from middle- and low-level nonmanual occupations and business owners and the self-employed. In spite of the increased occupational diversity among candidates, the occupational diversity

This article concerns stability and change in the ranks of the Ukrainian political elite from 1990 to 2014. We use East European Parliamentarian and Candidate (EAST PaC) data for Ukraine as a detailed, longitudinal source of information on the evolution of candidates and members of parliament (MPs). In particular, we focus on the degree of reshuffling represented by reproduction and replacement. This