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Abductive Cross-Case Comparison in Qualitative Research: Methodological Lessons from the Teamwork Study of Professional Change Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Inge Kryger Pedersen, Anders Blok
The authors argue that hitherto separate methodological conversations about abduction and comparison can be fruitfully brought together to generate novel, well-founded insights and retheorize an object of study in multiple-case qualitative inquiry. The authors call this abductive cross-case comparison and illustrate it by way of a collective study of how professional boundary work is changing under
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Micro-Macro Mediation Analysis in Social Networks Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Scott W. Duxbury
Mediation analysis is increasingly used in the social sciences. Extension to social network data, however, has proved difficult because statistical network models are formulated at a lower level of analysis (the dyad) than many outcomes of interest. This study introduces a general approach for micro-macro mediation analysis in social networks. The author defines the average mediated micro effect (AMME)
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Incorporating Machine Learning into Sociological Model-Building Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Mark D. Verhagen
Quantitative sociologists frequently use simple linear functional forms to estimate associations among variables. However, there is little guidance on whether such simple functional forms correctly reflect the underlying data-generating process. Incorrect model specification can lead to misspecification bias, and a lack of scrutiny of functional forms fosters interference of researcher degrees of freedom
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Multivariate Small Area Estimation of Social Indicators: The Case of Continuous and Binary Variables Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Angelo Moretti
Large-scale sample surveys are not designed to produce reliable estimates for small areas. Here, small area estimation methods can be applied to estimate population parameters of target variables t...
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Strategies for Multidomain Sequence Analysis in Social Research Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Gilbert Ritschard, Tim F. Liao, Emanuela Struffolino
Multidomain/multichannel sequence analysis has become widely used in social science research to uncover the underlying relationships between two or more observed trajectories in parallel. For examp...
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Evaluation of Respondent-Driven Sampling Prevalence Estimators Using Real-World Reported Network Degree Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2023-04-21 Lisa Avery, Michael Rotondi
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is used to measure trait or disease prevalence in populations that are difficult to reach and often marginalized. The authors evaluated the performance of RDS estim...
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Systematic Social Observation at Scale: Using Crowdsourcing and Computer Vision to Measure Visible Neighborhood Conditions Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 Jackelyn Hwang, Nikhil Naik
Analysis of neighborhood environments is important for understanding inequality. Few studies, however, use direct measures of the visible characteristics of neighborhood conditions, despite their t...
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The Anatomy of Cohort Analysis: Decomposing Comparative Cohort Careers Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Ethan Fosse, Christopher Winship
In a widely influential essay, Ryder argued that to understand social change, researchers should compare cohort careers, contrasting how different cohorts change over the life cycle with respect to...
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Modeling Partitions of Individuals Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2023-01-30 Marion Hoffman, Per Block, Tom A. B. Snijders
Despite the central role of self-assembled groups in animal and human societies, statistical tools to explain their composition are limited. The authors introduce a statistical framework for cross-...
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Evaluating Substitution as a Strategy for Handling U.S. Postal Service Drop Points in Self-Administered Address-Based Sampling Frame Surveys Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Taylor Lewis, Joseph McMichael, Charlotte Looby
Most addresses on modern address-based sampling frames derived from the U.S. Postal Service’s Computerized Delivery Sequence file have a one-to-one relationship with a household. Some addresses, ho...
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Sparse Data Reconstruction, Missing Value and Multiple Imputation through Matrix Factorization Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-10-22 Nandana Sengupta, Madeleine Udell, Nathan Srebro, James Evans
Social science approaches to missing values predict avoided, unrequested, or lost information from dense data sets, typically surveys. The authors propose a matrix factorization approach to missing...
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Hyperscanning and the Future of Neurosociology Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-10-15 Warren TenHouten, Lorne Schussel, Maria F. Gritsch, Charles D. Kaplan
Because all aspects of social life have a mental component, sociology’s focus is not society alone but mind and society. Insofar as mind is an emergent level of brainwork, the description and measu...
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Data Quality and Recall Bias in Time-Diary Research: The Effects of Prolonged Recall Periods in Self-Administered Online Time-Use Surveys Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-10-05 Petrus te Braak, Theun Pieter van Tienoven, Joeri Minnen, Ignace Glorieux
Previous research has shown that a prolonged recall period is associated with lower data quality in time-diary research. In these studies, the recall period is roughly estimated on the basis of the...
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A New RCM Approach to Survival Analysis: The Conditional-Incidence-Rate Model Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Kazuo Yamaguchi
This article introduces a new causal analytic method for survival analysis that retains the framework of Rubin’s causal model as an alternative to the marginal structural model (MSM). The major lim...
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Bayesian Multistate Life Table Methods for Large and Complex State Spaces: Development and Illustration of a New Method Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-07-23 Scott M. Lynch, Emma Zang
Multistate life table methods are an important tool for producing easily understood measures of population health. Most contemporary uses of these methods involve sample data, thus requiring techni...
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REDI for Binned Data: A Random Empirical Distribution Imputation Method for Estimating Continuous Incomes Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-07-14 Molly M. King
Researchers often need to work with categorical income data. The typical nonparametric (including midpoint) and parametric estimation methods used to estimate summary statistics both have advantage...
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Survey Methods for Estimating the Size of Weak-Tie Personal Networks Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-07-05 Dennis M. Feehan, Vo Hai Son, Abu Abdul-Quader
Researchers increasingly use aggregate relational data to learn about the size and distribution of survey respondents’ weak-tie personal networks. Aggregate relational data are collected by asking ...
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An Implausible Virtual Interview: Conversations with a Professional Research Subject Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Lisa Lucile Owens
The author explores interactions with one research subject who feigns credentials and invents stories in order to participate in social science research interviews online. The possibility of intent...
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Decomposing Ethnic Achievement Gaps across Multiple Levels of Analysis and for Multiple Ethnic Groups Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-06-08 Beatriz Gallo Cordoba, George Leckie, William J. Browne
Ethnic achievement gaps are often explained in terms of student and school factors. The decomposition of these gaps into their within- and between-school components has therefore been applied as a ...
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Lorenz Interpolation: A Method for Estimating Income Inequality from Grouped Income Data Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-04-07 Andrew Carr
To understand how income inequality affects individuals and communities, researchers must have accurate measures of income inequality at lower geographic levels, such as counties, school districts,...
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Asking about the Worst First: An Examination of Contextual Effects in Factorial Vignettes Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-02-24 Amelie Pedneault, Dale W. Willits
Contextual effects refer to the process by which responses given to survey questions can be affected by question order. Generally, contextual effects harm data measurement validity by introducing b...
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Surveying Spontaneous Mass Protests: Mixed-mode Sampling and Field Methods Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2022-02-12 Samson Yuen, Gary Tang, Francis L. F. Lee, Edmund W. Cheng
Protest survey is a standard tool for scholars to understand protests. However, although protest survey methods are well established, the occurrence of spontaneous and leaderless protests has creat...
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Small-Area Analyses Using Public American Community Survey Data: A Tree-Based Spatial Microsimulation Technique Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-12-16 Nick Graetz, Kevin Ummel, Daniel Aldana Cohen
Quantitative sociologists and social policymakers are increasingly interested in local context. Some city-specific studies have developed new primary data collection efforts to analyze inequality a...
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Language Models in Sociological Research: An Application to Classifying Large Administrative Data and Measuring Religiosity Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-10-25 Jeffrey L. Jensen, Daniel Karell, Cole Tanigawa-Lau, Nizar Habash, Mai Oudah, Dhia Fairus Shofia Fani
Computational methods have become widespread in the social sciences, but probabilistic language models remain relatively underused. We introduce language models to a general social science readership. First, we offer an accessible explanation of language models, detailing how they estimate the probability of a piece of language, such as a word or sentence, on the basis of the linguistic context. Second
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What Goes Up Might Not Come Down: Modeling Directional Asymmetry with Large-N, Large-T Data Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-09-28 Ryan P. Thombs, Xiaorui Huang, Jared Berry Fitzgerald
Modeling asymmetric relationships is an emerging subject of interest among sociologists. York and Light advanced a method to estimate asymmetric models with panel data, which was further developed by Allison. However, little attention has been given to the large-N, large-T case, wherein autoregression, slope heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence are important issues to consider. The authors
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Validating Sequence Analysis Typologies Using Parametric Bootstrap Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-06-14 Matthias Studer
In this article, the author proposes a methodology for the validation of sequence analysis typologies on the basis of parametric bootstraps following the framework proposed by Hennig and Lin (2015). The method works by comparing the cluster quality of an observed typology with the quality obtained by clustering similar but nonclustered data. The author proposes several models to test the different
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A General Panel Model for Unobserved Time Heterogeneity with Application to the Politics of Mass Incarceration Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-05-25 Scott W. Duxbury
Panel data analysis is common in the social sciences. Fixed effects models are a favorite among sociologists because they control for unobserved heterogeneity (unexplained variation) among cross-sectional units, but estimates are biased when there is unobserved heterogeneity in the underlying time trends. Two-way fixed effects models adjust for unobserved time heterogeneity but are inefficient, cannot
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Can You Really Study an Army on the Internet? Comparing How Status Tasks Perform in the Laboratory and Online Settings Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-05-24 Bianca Manago, Trenton D. Mize, Long Doan
Laboratory experiments have a long history within sociology, with their ability to test causality and their utility for directly observing behavior providing key advantages. One influential social psychological field, status characteristics and expectation states theory, has almost exclusively used laboratory experiments to test the theory. Unfortunately, laboratory experiments are resource intensive
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Using Social Networks to Supplement RDD Telephone Surveys to Oversample Hard-to-Reach Populations: A New RDD+RDS Approach Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 Robert P. Agans, Donglin Zeng, Bonnie E. Shook-Sa, Marcella H. Boynton, Noel T. Brewer, Erin L. Sutfin, Adam O. Goldstein, Seth M. Noar, Quirina Vallejos, Tara L. Queen, J. Michael Bowling, Kurt M. Ribisl
Random digit dialing (RDD) telephone sampling, although experiencing declining response rates, remains one of the most accurate and cost-effective data collection methods for generating national population-based estimates. Such methods, however, are inefficient when sampling hard-to-reach populations because the costs of recruiting sufficient sample sizes to produce reliable estimates tend to be cost
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Uncovering Sociological Effect Heterogeneity Using Tree-Based Machine Learning Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 Jennie E. Brand, Jiahui Xu, Bernard Koch, Pablo Geraldo
Individuals do not respond uniformly to treatments, such as events or interventions. Sociologists routinely partition samples into subgroups to explore how the effects of treatments vary by selected covariates, such as race and gender, on the basis of theoretical priors. Data-driven discoveries are also routine, yet the analyses by which sociologists typically go about them are often problematic and
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Reconsidering the Reference Category Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Sasha Shen Johfre, Jeremy Freese
Social scientists often present modeling results from categorical explanatory variables, such as gender, race, and marital status, as coefficients representing contrasts to a “reference” group. Although choosing the reference category may seem arbitrary, the authors argue that it is an intrinsically meaningful act that affects the interpretability of results. Reference category selection foregrounds
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Multigroup Segregation Analyses with Covariates Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Kazuo Yamaguchi
The author introduces methods for the decomposition analysis of multigroup segregation measured by the index of dissimilarity, the squared coefficient of variation, and Theil’s entropy measure. Using a new causal framework, the author takes a unified approach to the decomposition analysis by specifying conditions that must be satisfied to decompose segregation into unexplained and explained components
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Uncertain Choices: The Heterogeneous Multinomial Logit Model Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Gerhard Tutz
In this article, a modeling strategy is proposed that accounts for heterogeneity in nominal responses that is typically ignored when using common multinomial logit models. Heterogeneity can arise from unobserved variance heterogeneity, but it may also represent uncertainty in choosing from alternatives or, more generally, result from varying coefficients determined by effect modifiers. It is demonstrated
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Explanatory Item Response Models for Dyadic Data from Multiple Groups Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 James P. Murphy
Like other quantitative social scientists, network researchers benefit from pooling information from multiple observed variables to infer underlying (latent) attributes or social processes. Appropriate network data for this task is increasingly available. The inherent dependencies in relational data, however, pose unique challenges. This is especially true for the ascendant tasks of cross-network comparisons
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Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Xi Song
Most social mobility studies take a two-generation perspective, in which intergenerational relationships are represented by the association between parents’ and offspring’s socioeconomic status. Th...
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Comparing Groups of Life-Course Sequences Using the Bayesian Information Criterion and the Likelihood-Ratio Test Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 Tim Futing Liao, Anette Eva Fasang
How can we statistically assess differences in groups of life-course trajectories? The authors address a long-standing inadequacy of social sequence analysis by proposing an adaption of the Bayesia...
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Theory and the Replication Problem Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 David Willer, Pamela Emanuelson
Many refinements of statistical design have been offered to solve the replication problem identified by the Open Science Collaboration and Camerer and colleagues. There are, however, two distinct k...
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A Forced Critique of the Intergenerational Elasticity of the Conditional Expectation Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Pablo A. Mitnik,David B. Grusky
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Comment: Summarizing Income Mobility with Multiple Smooth Quantiles Instead of Parameterized Means Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Ian Lundberg, Brandon M. Stewart
Studies of economic mobility summarize the distribution of offspring incomes for each level of parent income. Mitnik and Grusky (2020) highlight that the conventional intergenerational elasticity (IGE) targets the geometric mean and propose a parametric strategy for estimating the arithmetic mean. We decompose the IGE and their proposal into two choices: (1) the summary statistic for the conditional
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Calibrating Questionnaires with Weekly Diaries: An Application in Religious Behavior, Netherlands 1975 to 2005 Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 Ettore Scappini
This article presents an innovative approach to improve the power of questionnaires by combining them with weekly diaries. The aim is to show how one can calibrate information collected from questi...
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Estimating Contextual Effects from Ego Network Data Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 Jeffrey A. Smith, G. Robin Gauthier
Network concepts are often used to characterize the features of a social context. For example, past work has asked if individuals in more socially cohesive neighborhoods have better mental health outcomes. Despite the ubiquity of use, it is relatively rare for contextual studies to use the methods of network analysis. This is the case, in part, because network data are difficult to collect, requiring
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Network Autocorrelation Modeling: Bayesian Techniques for Estimating and Testing Multiple Network Autocorrelations Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-05-29 Dino Dittrich, Roger Th. A. J. Leenders, Joris Mulder
The network autocorrelation model has been the workhorse for estimating and testing the strength of theories of social influence in a network. In many network studies, different types of social influence are present simultaneously and can be modeled using various connectivity matrices. Often, researchers have expectations about the order of strength of these different influence mechanisms. However
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Retrospective Network Imputation from Life History Data: The Impact of Designs Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-02-26 Yue Yu, Emily J. Smith, Carter T. Butts
Retrospective life history designs are among the few practical approaches for collecting longitudinal network information from large populations, particularly in the context of relationships like sexual partnerships that cannot be measured via digital traces or documentary evidence. While all such designs afford the ability to “peer into the past” vis-à-vis the point of data collection, little is known
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Constraints in Random Effects Age-Period-Cohort Models Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-02-11 Liying Luo, James S. Hodges
Random effects (RE) models have been widely used to study the contextual effects of structures such as neighborhoods or schools. The RE approach has recently been applied to age-period-cohort (APC) models that are unidentified because the predictors are exactly linearly dependent. However, research has not fully explained how the RE specification identifies these otherwise unidentified APC models.
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Intergenerational Income Elasticities, Instrumental Variable Estimation, and Bracketing Strategies Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 Pablo A. Mitnik
The fact that the intergenerational income elasticity (IGE)—the workhorse measure of economic mobility—is defined in terms of the geometric mean of children’s income generates serious methodological problems. This has led to a call to replace it with the IGE of the expectation, which requires developing the methodological knowledge necessary to estimate the latter with short-run measures of income
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The Intergenerational Elasticity of What? The Case for Redefining the Workhorse Measure of Economic Mobility Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2020-01-06 Pablo A. Mitnik, David B. Grusky
The intergenerational elasticity (IGE) has been assumed to refer to the expectation of children’s income when in fact it pertains to the geometric mean of children’s income. We show that mobility analyses based on the conventional IGE have been widely misinterpreted, are subject to selection bias, and cannot disentangle the different channels for transmitting economic status across generations. The
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Testing Self-Report Time-Use Diaries against Objective Instruments in Real Time Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-12-30 Jonathan Gershuny, Teresa Harms, Aiden Doherty, Emma Thomas, Karen Milton, Paul Kelly, Charlie Foster
This study provides a new test of time-use diary methodology, comparing diaries with a pair of objective criterion measures: wearable cameras and accelerometers. A volunteer sample of respondents (n = 148) completed conventional self-report paper time-use diaries using the standard UK Harmonised European Time Use Study (HETUS) instrument. On the diary day, respondents wore a camera that continuously
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Dedication: Stanley Lieberson: Meta-Methodologist Extraordinaire Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-30 Peter V. Marsden
Sociological Methodology 2019 (volume 49) is dedicated to the eminent sociologist Stanley Lieberson, who passed away in 2018. For more than 50 years, Stan’s research and writing advanced the discipline’s substantive understanding of race and ethnic relations, culture (both language diversity and processes of cultural change), urban sociology, and social organization. Shaped by his demographic training
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Prologue Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-30
This is the fourth (and last) volume of Sociological Methodology (SM) at Pennsylvania State University under the editorship of Duane F. Alwin and the second for Ashton M. Verdery as Deputy Editor.1 Our editorial team, along with an additional cast of characters to be implicated in the following, has worked hard to maintain the high standards held by SM. As a testament to these claims, we should first
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Corrigendum Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-30
Zhang, Han, and Jennifer Pan. 2019. “CASM: A Deep-Learning Approach for Identifying Collective Action Events with Text and Image Data from Social Media.” Sociological Methodology, first published on July 19, 2019. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0081175019860244)
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Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in the Presence of Self-Selection: A Propensity Score Perspective Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-02 Xiang Zhou, Yu Xie
An essential feature common to all empirical social research is variability across units of analysis. Individuals differ not only in background characteristics but also in how they respond to a particular treatment, intervention, or stimulation. Moreover, individuals may self-select into treatment on the basis of anticipated treatment effects. To study heterogeneous treatment effects in the presence
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Exploring the Full Conceptual Potential of Protest Event Analysis Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Swen Hutter
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The Challenges of “More Data” for Protest Event Analysis Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Han Zhang,Jennifer Pan
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To Measure Meaning in Big Data, Don’t Give Me a Map, Give Me Transparency and Reproducibility Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Laura K. Nelson
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Comment: The Future of Event Data Is Images Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Zachary C. Steinert-Threlkeld
A Look at How the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and BuzzFeed Compare.” The Atlantic. Retrieved June 17, 2019. https:// www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/05/how-many-stories-do-newspaperspublish-per-day/483845/. Soule, Sarah, and Jennifer Earl. 2005. “A Movement Society Evaluated: Collective Protest in the United States, 1960–1986.” Mobilization: An International
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Comment: Great Methods Reveal Their Own Limitations Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Pamela Oliver
Protest Event and Political Discourse Approaches.” Mobilization 4(2):203–21. Kriesi, Hanspeter, Swen Hutter, and Abel Bojar. 2019. “Contentious Episode Analysis.” Mobilization 24(3). Kriesi, Hanspeter, Ruud Koopmans, Jan Willem Duyvendak, and Marco Giugni. 1995. New Social Movements in Western Europe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. McAdam, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Development
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Rejoinder: A Quest for Transparent and Reproducible Text-Mining Methodologies in Computational Social Science Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Jan Goldenstein, Philipp Poschmann
We thank the editorial board for the opportunity to discuss our methodological contribution in a symposium dialogue as well as the two commentators for their inspiring and challenging comments. We are especially delighted that the commentators agree on the relevance of analyzing the dynamics of manifest and latent meanings in big data using different textmining tools in general and for map analysis
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Comment: The Meanings of “Meaning” in Social Scientific Text Analysis Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Burt L. Monroe
Goldenstein and Poschmann (hereafter GP, this volume, pp. 83–131) offer a novel approach, or combination of approaches, for tracking multiple layers of “meaning” in a collection of texts over time. The core theoretical argument is sound: Any given text conveys multiple layers of meaning simultaneously, the relationships across those layers may evolve dynamically over time in any given corpus, and different
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Assessing Differences between Nested and Cross-Classified Hierarchical Models Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-07-23 David Melamed, Mike Vuolo
In multilevel data, cross-classified data structures are common. For example, this occurs when individuals move to different regions in longitudinal data or students go to different secondary schools than their primary school peers. In both cases, the data structure is no longer fully nested. Estimating cross-classified multilevel models is computationally intensive, so researchers have used several
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A General and Robust Estimation Method for the Case-Time-Control Design Sociological Methodology (IF 6.118) Pub Date : 2019-07-22 Arvid Sjölander, Yang Ning
The case-time-control design is a tool to control for measured, time-varying covariates that increase montonically in time within each subject while also controlling for all unmeasured covariates that are constant within each subject across time. Until recently, the design was restricted to data with only two timepoints and a single binary covariate, or data with a binary exposure. Sjölander (2017)