(2021). Editorial. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 259-259.

(2021). His Royal Highness the Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1921–2021) The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 260-262.

(2021). Eric J. Grove (1948–2021) The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 263-264.

This article argues that historians have overlooked and underplayed a major British strategic error, namely that Napoleon’s escape from Elba in February 1815 was a preventable calamity that put the hard-won victory of the sixth coalition at risk. It had the potential to change the course of history because the allied victory at Waterloo was by no means assured. All of the allies bear some portion of

The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata used privateers during their war for independence against the Spanish crown. At first, this activity was limited to the River Plate, but in 1815 privateering became maritime, taking the offensive to the Spanish trade routes in the Atlantic and the Pacific. This way of waging war lasted until 1821 when it was finally suspended. This article studies some mutinies

The launch of the 323-ton private brig rigged yacht Pantaloon at Troon in 1831 for the Duke of Portland, marks the opening of the final and contentious ‘Symonds’ era in British wooden hull naval architecture. Designed for the duke by Captain William Symonds RN it was immediately acquired by the Royal Navy as a fast armed ocean-going dispatch boat. After Symond’s controversial appointment as Surveyor

In 1881 George Drevar, a merchant captain who had survived a shipwreck in the Cape Verde Islands, was tried at the Old Bailey for libel and threatening the life of the Commissioner of Wreck, Henry Cadogan Rothery, in part because of a disagreement over the existence of the great sea serpent. This article explains the background to the trial, including Drevar’s own sea serpent sightings, the trial’s

Lord Weir, Sir James Lithgow and Sir Andrew Rae Duncan were three close friends who grew up within a few miles of each other in Victorian Glasgow, and who went on to have uncommonly successful careers in engineering, shipbuilding, steel and finance. Despite occupying only footnotes in political histories, Weir, Lithgow and Duncan also were uncommonly influential in defence planning during the First

(2021). HRH The Duke of Edinburgh’s Interest in Maritime History and Ship Preservation. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 358-360.

(2021). ‘In Opposition to the Lawful King’: Pirates and land-based authority in Sri Lanka, 1000–1500. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 361-366.

(2021). George Camocke’s 1718 Proposal of a Jacobite–Pirate Alliance. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 366-370.

(2021). William Pratt of Greenwich (1717–95): Ship’s carpenter and painter. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 370-373.

(2021). Mutiny on the Spanish Main: HMS ‘Hermione’ and the Royal Navy’s revenge. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 374-375.

(2021). Science, Utility and British Naval Technology 1793-1815: Samuel Bentham and the royal dockyards. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 375-376.

(2021). Johannes Holst: Seascape artist. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 376-378.

(2021). Dunkirk and the Little Ships. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 378-380.

(2021). Blazing Star, Setting Sun: The Guadalcanal-Solomons campaign, November 1942–March 1943. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 380-381.

(2021). Editorial. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 131-131.

(2021). Fred M. Walker (1936–2020) The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 132-133.

(2021). Michael S. Moss (1947–2021) The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 134-135.

(2021). David Malcolm Williams (1940–2021) The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 136-137.

Little has been written about the history of English underwater salvage in the mid-seventeenth century. The navy of the 1650s and the 1660s needed divers and salvagers for their expanded operations, especially during wars against the Dutch. Ships sunk deep at sea were irretrievable, but vessels lost near shore in tidal waters could yield recoverable materials. This article offers new insights into

Commercial fishing has played a critical role in the economy of the different islands of the Atlantic Ocean and those in the Canarian Archipelago in particular. In fact, one of the motives behind the European colonization of the Canaries was to exploit the fishing grounds of the Saharan Bank to satisfy part of the nutritional needs of a European population in constant expansion from the late Middle

The design methods for many vessels during the Restoration period (1660–88) are only partially understood. Charles II’s 23 yachts represent the pinnacle of design and construction for small, fast vessels of this era but there are no extant design treatises or draughts relating to any of them. The only primary archaeological data comes from contemporary models. One such model, in the collection of the

The launch of the world’s first steam-powered warship in 1814, Fulton the First, heralded the gradual transition from the age of sail to the age of steam. The United States Navy hoped that this ship would break the Royal Navy’s crippling blockade of New York City, but the conflict ended before it ever saw action. Previous scholars have argued that the Royal Navy was generally unconcerned, and rightfully

Otto Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat commander of the Second World War. While his wartime actions have been narrated several times, his tactics, summarized by the famous motto ‘one torpedo, one ship’, have never been systematically analysed. In this work, Kretschmer’s success is appraised through the analysis of the key characteristics of his attacks, and the conditions of the battlefield

A document produced by the Shaikh of Bahrain to claim restitution for items plundered from one of his vessels in 1818 gives a macro view of seafaring in the Persian Gulf from the perspective of a local party. The items listed show how a relatively common vessel was outfitted for an armed commercial venture in an era of enduring maritime violence. The context of the letter highlights the potential patchwork

(2021). The Etymology of Keelson and Some Fourteenth-century British Evidence for Tacking Gear. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 229-232.

(2021). Eight Weeks in the Bristol Channel, 1947. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 232-233.

(2021). The Eighty Years War: From revolt to regular war, 1568–1648. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 234-236.

(2021). The Company Fortress: Military engineering and the Dutch East India Company in South Asia, 1638–1795. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 236-237.

(2021). Captain James Cook and the Search for Antarctica. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 237-238.

(2021). The History of Celestial Navigation: Rise of the Royal Observatory and nautical almanacs. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 238-240.

(2021). Britain and the Ocean Road: Shipwrecks and people, 1297–1825. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 241-242.

(2021). One of Howard’s: The life and times of John Howard, Maldon shipwright 1849–1915 and a history of shipbuilding in Maldon. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 242-244.

(2021). The Kaiser’s U-Boat Assault on America: Germany’s great war gamble in the First World War. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 244-245.

(2021). The Russian Baltic Fleet in the Time of War and Revolution 1914–1918. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 246-247.

(2021). Churchill’s Admiral in Two World Wars: Admiral of the Fleet Lord Keyes of Zeebrugge and Dover GCB KCVO CMG DSO. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 247-249.

(2021). Warships After London: The end of the treaty era in the five major fleets, 1930–1936. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 249-250.

(2021). Warship Builders: An industrial history of naval shipbuilding, 1922–1945. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 251-252.

(2021). Taranto and Naval Air Warfare in the Mediterranean, 1940–1945. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 252-253.

(2021). Editorial. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 3-3.

(2021). Patricia K. Crimmin (1933–2020) The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 4-5.

The stern rudder presents a formidable challenge to the power of the sea. Already extant by the twelfth century in the Frisian region, it has long been compared with the quarter rudder of antiquity. Past scholarly studies have focused almost entirely on the reasons for its creation, ignoring the complex evolution of this steering system. The disastrous consequences of the rudder’s loss mid-voyage made

As commander-in-chief of the Leeward Islands station in 1807, Vice-Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane became principal enforcer of the new Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. He was also a plantation and slave owner with much to lose from upholding the law. By manipulating distinctions between apprentices and enslaved labour, Cochrane served his own interests, capitalizing on distance from the metropole

In August and September 1819 the first Russian Antarctic expedition, commanded by Captain Bellingshausen, visited Britain to purchase navigational and scientific instruments, charts and books. Using documents in the Russian Naval Archives, this article describes the visit in detail and reflects on what this information tells us about the framing of the expedition and the constraints under which it

At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936, Portugal was already monitoring the political situation in Spain very closely since left-leaning Republican governments were seen to pose a major threat to the regime of António Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970), the dictatorial ruler of Portugal. The ensuing conflict, which would set the standard for Salazar’s political position with regard to other

(2021). Whaler versus Steamer: The pursuit of the Ville de Bordeaux, 1841. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 94-99.

(2021). New Research into the History, Theory and Practice of Naval Wargaming. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 100-103.

(2021). Sovereign of the Seas 1637: A reconstruction of the most powerful warship of its day. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 104-105.

(2021). The Master Shipwright’s Secrets: How Charles II built the Restoration navy. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 105-106.

(2021). The Stirling Castle, a 70-gun Ship Lost in the Great Storm of 1703: Archaeological investigations 1979–2009 The Maritime Archaeology Monograph, series 4. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 106-108.

(2021). Kendall’s Longitude. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 108-110.

(2021). Chasing the ‘Bounty’: The voyages of the ‘Pandora’ and the ‘Matavy’. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 110-112.

(2021). Stormflod 1825. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 112-113.

(2021). Leith-built Ships, vol. 1, They Once Were Shipbuilders. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 113-114.

(2021). Robert J. Walker: The history and archaeology of a U.S. Coast Survey steamship. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 114-116.

(2021). A Man for All Oceans: Captain Joshua Slocum and the first solo voyage around the world. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 116-117.

(2021). Great Britain, International Law, and the Evolution of Maritime Strategic Thought, 1856–1914. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 117-118.

(2021). Silver State Dreadnought: The remarkable story of battleship ‘Nevada’. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 118-120.