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Notes on Contributors The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-03-11
Published in The International History Review (Vol. 46, No. 2, 2024)
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Import Dependence and Strategic War Planning – The German Iron and Steel Industry, 1933–1945 The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Alexander Donges
In this paper I analyse the import dependence of the German steel industry between 1933 and 1945 and its strategic implications. After the First World War, the steel industry was faced with the los...
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Canadian Nickel for Nazi Germany – How Government-Business Relationships Affected British Blockade Strategies in the 1930s The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Simon Renner
This article presents a case study of the Canadian-based International Nickel Company (INCO) and its efforts to develop the German market in the 1930s, contributing to Nazi-German war preparations ...
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Was the Peloponnesian War Inevitable? Athens’ Campaign to Egypt (460-454 BCE) and the Evolution of its Grand Strategy The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Bee Yun
This essay aims to present a new perspective on the political history of Hellas from the end of Persia’s invasions to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War by examining the expedition of Athens to ...
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Germany, Blockade and Strategic Raw Materials in the Era of the Two World Wars The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Jonas Scherner
The concrete lessons that the Nazi regime drew from the Allied sea blockade of the First World War have only been studied in fragments. Our knowledge of the effects of blockade and the effectivenes...
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Blockade: From the Maritime to the Continental The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Avram Lytton
British appraisals of blockade during the First World War shifted from projection and naval-centrism, to greater focus on continental sources of supply. This was a result of a pre-war fixation on B...
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National Interests and Local Loyalties: Desertion and Subversion across the Spanish-Portuguese Border, 1914–19 The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Arturo Zoffmann Rodriguez
This article explores Portuguese-Spanish relations during the First World War through the perspective of the borderlands separating the two countries. Spain remained neutral throughout the conflict...
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Ghostwriting History: Churchill, Kennedy and the Authenticity of Authorship The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Andrew Mumford, Katherine Bayford
This article explores how ghostwritten works of history compromise the authenticity of authorship as a process and have a tainted historiographical utility as source material in international relat...
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Army and Progress? The Russian and Greek Reactions to the 1903 Coup in Serbia and to the 1908 Young Turk Revolution The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Denis Vovchenko
In the early twentieth century, Greece and Russia represented two strikingly different state and social models for the Christian Orthodox world – its first ethnocentric nation-state vs. its last co...
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Friends Disunited: Explaining US-UK Covert Action in Albania The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Stephen Long, Rory Cormac
States have long engaged in covert action, often in conjunction with partners and/or formal allies. Yet existing histories often take a single-state approach, neglecting how dynamics between co-ins...
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From Détente to Debt: UK–Polish Political and Economic Relations During the Development of the Polish Debt Crisis (1970–1981) The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Catherine Lefèvre
Previous studies on the Polish sovereign debt crisis (SDC) have not examined the UK’s position as a creditor country, nor the influence of ministerial visits and non-state/non-financial actors in t...
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Blockade by other Means or How to Deal with Neutrals? Britain and its Experience of the Second Boer War The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Gabriela A. Frei
The Second Boer War (1899–1902) not only marked a peak in British imperial politics, but also foreshadowed the Allies’ blockade policies of the First and Second World Wars. This article discusses h...
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Notes on Contributors The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-01-19
Published in The International History Review (Vol. 46, No. 1, 2024)
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The Home as a Space of Re-Education: Imperialism, Military Occupation, and Housekeeping Manuals The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Christine de Matos
While much is known about the imperial home and its place in the colonial hierarchy and ‘civilizing project’, less is understood about the occupation household and its relationship to ‘re-education...
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Neutral Protectors. The Comité Hispano-Néerlandaisand the Fight for Belgium, 1917–1918 The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Samuël Kruizinga
During the First World War, Allies, Central Powers and neutrals collaborated to keep a keyhole in their respective blockades open to allow food and other relief aid for the Belgian civilian populat...
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‘To Bring the Blessings of Peace and Order’: Preservationist Paternalism in American Samoa, 1872–1907 The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Holger Droessler
At the turn of the twentieth century, U.S. Navy officials in American Samoa pursued a policy of preservationist paternalism whose central aim was the protection of Samoans from the corrupting influ...
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Continuity and Change in Italian Foreign Policy under Fascism: A Reexamination of the Corfu Crisis of 1923 The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Anthony Di Iorio
Though not resulting in the outbreak of open war, the Corfu Crisis of 1923 saw Benito Mussolini’s first violent foreign policy venture which exposed the League of Nations’ inability to deter would ...
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‘Re-education’: The Imperial Pre-History and Afterlives of a Pedagogical Conceit The International History Review Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Susan L. Carruthers
In the aftermath of World War II, the terms ‘re-education’ and ‘rehabilitation’ were ubiquitous. Often employed almost interchangeably, these nouns named the aspirational outcomes sought by militar...
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Overcoming the Second Cold War: The Conference on Disarmament in Europe and the Relaxation of East-West Tensions, 1983–1986 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Hirofumi Kosaka
This article focuses on the Conference on Disarmament in Europe (CDE), held under the framework of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) in the mid-1980s. By drawing on archiv...
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‘Active Neutrality’: Myron T. Herrick and the Forging and Commemoration of Franco-American Amity in the Era of the First World War The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Brett A. Berliner
The theme of Franco-American hostility or French anti-Americanism is so familiar as to be clichéd or nearly so. Less well studied, however, is Franco-American amity, especially in the interwar peri...
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Business, Politics, and Patriotism: Relationships Between Antonio López de Santa Anna and Foreign Nationals in Mexico, 1829–1847 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Julio C. Farías, Jason Miklian
Antonio López de Santa Anna is one of the most well-known yet misunderstood figures in North American history. His periods of rule in the mid-nineteenth century helped bring Mexico its independence...
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Fascist Expansionism and the Mediterranean: The Rise of Italian Sea Power Seen from France (1924–1936) The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Fabio De Ninno
Military and naval power was pivotal in Fascist Italy’s expansionism. Nevertheless, studies on this subject focus on the era of the Fascist wars (1935–1943), neglecting the military role in sustain...
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Competing Narratives on Economic Warfare: The Unlikely Origin of Archibald Bell’s Unwanted History of the Blockade of Germany The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Matthew S. Seligmann
This article examines the controversies surrounding the waging of economic warfare against Germany in the First World War. It argues that two competing narratives emerged to explain the decisions t...
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Notes on Contributors The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-11-15
Published in The International History Review (Vol. 45, No. 6, 2023)
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Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-10-28 Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Gregory E. Erhabor, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski
Published in The International History Review (Ahead of Print, 2023)
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The Suez Crisis and Dag Hammarskjöld’s Mediation: Biased or Balanced? A View from Cairo The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Jonathan Franco
This article fuses existing theory on conflict mediation with new historical analysis and underused Arabic-language sources to evaluate Dag Hammarskjöld’s degree of partiality in the Suez Crisis, a...
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Military Loyalty in Britain’s Withdrawal from Aden, 1960–1967 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-10-08 Huw Bennett
This article argues an understanding of the British withdrawal from Aden in 1967 requires greater attention to be paid to the loyalty of the local security forces who were supposed to help repress ...
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Moscow-Havana Relations. Continuities of the Past in an Asymmetric Triangle The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Mervyn J. Bain
This article examines Moscow-Havana relations from the Russian Revolution in November 1917 to the present to inform debates on (1) continuities from history impacting contemporary Russian foreign p...
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Notes on Contributors The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-09-19
Published in The International History Review (Vol. 45, No. 5, 2023)
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Reconsidering Perceptions of the Balkan Wars (1912-3) in British War Correspondence The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Ross Cameron
Historiography about external representations of southeastern Europe places significance on the Balkan Wars (1912-3) in cementing negative stereotypes of the region. Despite this, there have been f...
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Theory of Sino–Japanese Coexistence: Japanese Civilian Foreign Policy Propaganda Before and After the Washington Conference, 1919–29 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Xin Zhai
After the First World War, to cope with the constraints of the Versailles-Washington system, Japan proposed a so-called coordinated foreign policy aimed at maintaining cooperative relations with Br...
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Jimmy Carter and the US–Turkish security relationship, 1977–1980 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Athanasios Antonopoulos
This article analyses Jimmy Carter’s policy towards Turkey between 1977 and 1980. It argues that the US-Turkish relationship represents another example of Carter’s pragmatism in foreign policy. Tur...
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The Interplanetary School of IR The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Stephen Buono
From the late nineteenth century through the end of World War II, a new theory emerged regarding the future of international relations. Growing out from the budding science-fiction genre popularize...
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Unreal States and the Folly of People: Human Security and G. L. Dickinson’s Public Education for Reforming International Relations The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Sakiko Kaiga
This article explores the prototype of human security by examining public opinion in a pamphlet titled The War and the Way Out (1917). It was written by a British liberal internationalist, G. Lowes...
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Post-Cold War Historicism: Perceptions, Progress, and Praxis The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-27 Hanna Samir Kassab
Post-Cold War literature was a historicist effort to remake the international order and prolong American hegemony. Major works by Bernard Lewis and Samuel Huntington describe a world of conflict an...
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Commerce and Cultural Diplomacy: The British Council in Iran during the 1970s The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-26 Darius Wainwright
This article examines UK cultural diplomacy in Iran during the 1970s. As the primary UK-based agency operating in this field, it pays particular attention to the British Council’s activities. The p...
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Virtual Nukes: The Formulation of Japan’s Non-nuclear Weapons Security Policy The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Yukinori Komine
Informed by newly-declassified U.S. and Japanese documents, this study explains how Japan made the strategic choice to maintain its status as a non-nuclear weapons state, made possible by external ...
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The Western European Union and the Yugoslav conflict The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Marco Zoppi
1992 was a crucial year for European defence and security policies due to changes in the international scenario. One of such developments was the Yugoslav crisis, that in 1992 turned into a violent...
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Questionable Allies: British Collaboration with Apartheid South Africa, 1960–90 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Sam Matthews Boehmer
From 1960, as the horrors of the apartheid system in South Africa were steadily revealed to the world, the international community turned against a country once seen as a bastion of peace and prosp...
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The United States Consulate in Belfast and the Development of the American Consular Service, 1796–1906 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Francis M. Carroll
The United States Consulate in Belfast and the Development of the American Consular Service, 1796-1906. This article explains the history of the development and professionalization of the United St...
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Internationalist or Realist? Australia’s Foreign Policy under the Whitlam Labor Government (1972–75) The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Dan Halvorson
The foreign policies of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) government of Gough Whitlam are typically located within the ‘internationalist’ tradition of Australia’s foreign policy. By contrast, this a...
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Bringing Columbus home: Buffalo soldiers, representation, and transatlantic memory of the Italian campaign in WWII The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-20 Christian O’Connell
Following victory in Europe in World War II, African American troops of the Ninety-Second Infantry Division took part in a symbolic but relatively unknown ceremony returning the ashes of Christophe...
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The Interpersonal and the International: Development, Volunteering and Grassroots Diplomacy in the 1960s The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-20 Agnieszka Sobocinska
This article examines the vexed nature of grassroots diplomacy by tracing the experiences and management of volunteers working in Asia and Africa with Britain’s Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) and...
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In Search of a Winning Grand Strategy: Ronald Reagan’s First Term, 1981-5 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Thomas K. Robb, James Cooper
Abstract Historians have long engaged in a spirited discussion as to explaining the factors that brought about the end of the Cold War. The literature that focuses on the role played by US President Ronald Reagan’s administration has been vehemently contested. Much of this literature, whether supportive or critical of the president’s role, is divided on whether the president actually created and pursued
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‘Real Self-Help’ and the Seeds of Neoliberalism: Foreign Aid to Brazil from Kennedy to Johnson The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Andre Pagliarini
Drawing from sources at the Kennedy and Johnson presidential libraries, as well as secondary literature, this article has two main goals. The first is to examine the concept of self-help employed b...
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Notes on Contributors The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-07-25
Published in The International History Review (Vol. 45, No. 4, 2023)
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Abolitionism and Self-government. Dantès Bellegarde’s Participation in the Temporary Commission on Slavery of the League of Nations The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-06-18 José Antonio Sánchez Román
Abstract In 1924, the League of Nations created a Temporary Commission on Slavery. For the first time in the organization’s history, a black person, the Haitian Dantès Bellegarde, was called to form part of a commission as an expert. This article explores Bellegarde’s role on the Commission. The Haitian expert showed himself to be the most radical of the members of that body. Although imbued with the
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Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace: Regulating International Radio Propaganda in Europe, 1921–1939 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Simon J. Potter
This article provides a major reassessment of interwar ‘wireless internationalism’, arguing that in the light of recent work on the wider history of internationalism, attempts to harness radio broa...
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Between Scylla and Charybdis: Cuban-Libyan Rivalry in the Caribbean (1979–1986) The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-06-14 Radoslav Yordanov
Sitting at the nexus of Cold War and Latin American history, this article delves into Cuban and Libyan competition in Central America and the Caribbean, which has attracted little scholarly attenti...
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British Perspectives on the GATT Article XXIV Negotiations Following the First EC Enlargement: ‘Probably More Important and More Difficult than the Consideration of the Treaty of Rome Itself’ The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Alan Swinbank
Abstract The accession of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK) to the European Communities (EC) in 1973 triggered negotiations in GATT (the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). GATT’s contracting parties were entitled to ask whether the enlarged EC adequately fulfilled the criteria for a Customs Union (CU) that Article XXIV set; and countries whose market access to the acceding states was
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Notes on contributors The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-05-18
Published in The International History Review (Vol. 45, No. 3, 2023)
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Exclusionary Regimes, Financial Corporations, and Human Rights Activism in the UK, 1973–92 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Carlo Edoardo Altamura, Seung Woo Kim
This paper examines the two British civic campaigns, Chile Solidarity Campaign and End Loans to Southern Africa, to investigate the role of financial sanctions on authoritarian regimes to suggest t...
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‘The Queen of England wants to bombard Livorno’: The Anglo-Tuscan Crisis at the Turn of the 18th Century (1696–1707) The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-05-12 Matteo Calcagni
Abstract The government of Cosimo III de’ Medici promoted diplomatic strategies that were essentially aimed at preserving the neutrality of his dominion, so as to protect the economic interests of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany from conflicts between the great European powers at the end of the seventeenth century. In 1696, this policy came into crisis when William Plowman, an English merchant active in
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Portugal and the Interwar System of Global Intellectual Cooperation (1922–1939) The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-05-09 Jesús Manuel Bermejo Roldán
Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of the role Portugal played in the two institutions set up by the League of Nations to promote intellectual cooperation with the aim of maintaining world peace – the International Commission for Intellectual Cooperation and the International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation – involving the establishment of the Portuguese National
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Transnational revolutionary: Noel Mukono’s navigation of Zimbabwe’s fractious liberation struggle, 1957–77 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Brooks Marmon
Abstract This article recovers the role of Noel Mukono in Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle. The defence chief of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) from 1964 to 1973, his pioneering role in instigating the armed struggle against the white settler government in Rhodesia is largely overlooked today. Mukono is a leading casualty of ‘patriotic history’, the contemporary Zimbabwean state’s manipulation
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British Revival and American Decline? Anglo-American Relations and the Persian Gulf 1979–1987 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-04-18 Tore T. Petersen, Clive Jones
Abstract Understanding the trajectory of Anglo-American relations in the Middle East in the latter half of the twentieth century has rarely enjoyed consensus. Some have characterised it as a period of perpetual competition, with London unwilling or unable to accept its diminished status. Others, post-Suez, are more sanguine. Britain, it is argued, acted as a tutor to the United States still struggling
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Notes on Contributors The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-04-16
Published in The International History Review (Vol. 45, No. 2, 2023)
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Nonalignment at the Crossroads: ‘Castro Is a Brother, Nasser Is a Teacher but Tito Is an Example’* The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Svetozar Rajak
Abstract Between March 1964 and April 1965, Ben Bella, the leader of newly independent Algeria, met twice with Josip Broz Tito, the Yugoslav President and co-founder of the nonaligned movement. The detailed account of the two meetings serves as an analytical platform to highlight the period when the future of the nascent Nonaligned Movement (NAM) hung in balance. In 1964 and 1965, the movement faced
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Notes on Contributors The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-03-17
Published in The International History Review (Vol. 45, No. 1, 2023)
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Fleeing the Wrong Way: Black Angolan Refugees and Apartheid South Africa’s Military Humanitarianism at the Angolan-Namibian Border, 1975–1978 The International History Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Lennart Bolliger
Abstract This article contributes to two sets of growing historiographies: one on refugees and international humanitarian organizations during decolonization in Africa; and another one on military humanitarianism. The article’s focus is on the little-known case of thousands of Black Angolan refugees who fled from the civil war in Angola to the South African-occupied territory of Namibia in 1975–77