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Book Review: Leith-Built Ships, Vol. 3: Henry Rob Ltd. (1945–1969) by R.O. Neish International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Colin J. Davis
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The problem of winter navigation in the medieval Black Sea International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Andrei Mirea
Unlike the pre-industrial practice of winter navigation in the Mediterranean Sea, which has been the subject of numerous studies, winter seafaring on the medieval Black Sea has not previously been the subject of thorough scholarly investigation, not least because the available sources are relatively few and fairly circumstantial. Being aware of the limitations of the present survey, the author attempts
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Mercantile networks and the export of antiquities from Egypt in the mid nineteenth century: A case study of Menkaure's sarcophagus and the Beatrice International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2024-01-27 Nicky Nielsen
The export of antiquities from Egypt to the United Kingdom during the mid nineteenth century required an extensive network of cultural, diplomatic and mercantile actors, including private shipowners. While much previous research has focused on the political stakeholders in the process, as well as the archaeologists conducting excavations in Egypt, the attempted export of Menkaure's sarcophagus from
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On reckoning with games of chance in the Dutch Republic International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Jessen Kelly
This article examines a distinctive type of drinking vessel that was produced in early modern northern Europe known as a ‘somersault cup’ or ‘drink-up’. Lacking a proper base, such beakers had to b...
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Beyond Greenland: Other aspects of Georgian Liverpool's whaling trade International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-04-28 Simon Hill
Most of the existing research on Georgian Liverpool's whaling activities has focused on the northern whaling trade around the Arctic and Greenland. However, this article sheds new light by explorin...
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High seas and hard drinks: Alcohol rations on Dutch vessels International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Charlotte Jarvis
How valid is the historical reputation of drunken sailors? On board Dutch vessels in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, how much alcohol was really being issued at a time when the Dutch were...
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Breaking the ‘Baltic barrier’: St. Petersburg as a new export outlet International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Yrjö Kaukiainen
The founding of St. Petersburg demonstrates the redistribution of power brought about by the Great Northern War. This new order also had an economic dimension: the city and port aimed to displace t...
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Risk and Uncertainty in France's Atlantic Slave Trade International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Mallory Hope
In the eighteenth century, about 12% of Atlantic slave-trading voyages organized under the French flag ended in shipwreck, condemnation of the vessel by Admiralty authorities, capture by privateers...
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L'Indien and the Gilded Plaice: Building American Frigates in Amsterdam, 1777–1782 International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-03-22 Erik Odegard
In 1777, the American commissioners in Paris, Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane, contracted with French naval captain Jacques Boux to design two frigates for the Revolutionary cause. The design was...
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Coda: Risk and uncertainty in the past and present International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-03-20 Mallory Hope, Lewis Wade, Gijs Dreijer
This coda takes stock of the articles in the forum and subsequently draws some lessons from the articles on the question of how to deal with risk and uncertainty in the present. It argues that look...
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Introduction: Risk and Uncertainty in the Early Modern World International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-03-14 Lewis Wade, Gijs Dreijer, Mallory Hope
This article introduces the various articles in this forum. It first sets the scene by showing why the maritime sector forms an excellent case study to investigate risk and uncertainty in the premo...
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The Jamaica discipline and the epochal nature of English Atlantic privateering and piracy, 1660–1726 International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-03-03 Nathan T. Jopling
The idea of the ‘Jamaica discipline’ suggests that all Anglo-American privateering and pirate groups operating between 1660 and 1726 were linked via a common set of ideas, such as democracy and an ...
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The Lloyd's Register archive: An appraisal International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Martin Wilcox, Peter Phillipson, Sam Wright, Luca Rapisarda, David J. Starkey
This research note presents the findings of an appraisal of the archives of Lloyd's Register recently undertaken by researchers from Blaydes Maritime Centre at the University of Hull. Funded by the...
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A space for defence: The Cadiz cove as a model for fortification and navigation in the early modern Spanish Atlantic International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-01-29 Alberto J. Gullón Abao, Lilyam Padrón Reyes
During the early modern age, La Caleta, as a strategic cove into the Bay of Cadiz, underwent numerous defensive improvements to protect the Cadiz emporium from possible attacks by other powers. The...
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The ionosphere: Undermining Britain's imperial power: Wireless and its impact on geopolitics and naval operations (1919–1927) International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-01-05 Peter Garland
The transition of sea power from the battleship-dominated Royal Navy of the First World War to the carrier-dominated United States Navy of the Second is a much discussed topic in current historiogr...
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Shipping activities and marine education during the colonial era in Korea, 1910–1945 International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2023-01-03 S. June Kim
As Korea's economy has developed swiftly over the past few decades, its shipping industry has grown so rapidly that in 2021 it was the seventh largest ship-controlling country in the world. Some ha...
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Henry Breault: Construction of a naval hero International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-12-22 Ryan C. Walker
United States Navy sailors are excellent subjects for personal microhistories due to the volume of surviving official documentation in the form of their Official Military Personnel Files. This arti...
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On being portrayed in a foreign port city: The case of British merchants and captains in Livorno (circa 1680–1700)1 International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-12-20 Silvia Papini
In the account books of Antonio Franchi (1638–1709), a portraitist at the Medici court, a surprisingly high number of commissions came from British merchants and captains living in the port city of...
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Forum-shopping pirates? Litigation strategies to address maritime plunder in late-medieval Flanders International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-12-12 Niels Fieremans
Late-medieval Flanders was a patchwork of jurisdictions. Especially in terms of maritime plunder, different prosecutors and different courts could claim competency. However, where these plunderers ...
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The Anglo-Dutch lake? Johannes de Laet and the ideological origins of the Dutch and English West Indies International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Michiel van Groesen
This article explores the intellectual origins of the Anglo-Dutch Caribbean by focusing on the Leiden humanist Johannes de Laet (1581–1649). De Laet, born in the Southern Netherlands, had strong re...
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The role and intensity of export tariffs in trade policy: Scandinavia, 1780–1870 International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Henric Häggqvist
Export taxation holds a particular place within trade policy, especially so during the mercantilist era. While governments tried to ensure consistent export surpluses, they would at the same time p...
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The subjectification of the nineteenth-century maritime spectator: Shipboard diaries as maritime history International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Felicity Jensz, Eeva Langeveld, Henrike Steltner, André Krischer
In contrast to shipboard journals of the eighteenth century, which often served the function of providing ‘objective’ information for scientific and political networks, shipboard diaries of the nin...
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The Royal Naval Dockyard in Bermuda: Use of a novel biological indicator and historical photographs for measuring local sea-level rise International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Philippe M. Rouja, Craig W. Schneider, Dominique Rissolo, Steve M. Blasco, Vid Petrovic, Eric Lo, Mandallas A. Lightbourne, Wendy S. Tucker, Falko Kuester
The authors explore a novel interdisciplinary approach to researching, collecting and communicating local site-specific data on recent sea-level rise using persistent black-zone biotic levels evide...
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SIAM: A model for service implementation analysis applied to the impact of telegraphy in Macaronesian ports International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-10-18 Rafael Pérez Jiménez, Lidia Aguiar Castillo, Francisco Quintana Navarro
Several factors have been considered to explain the success and pre-eminence of some ports over others, such as geography, telecommunications, taxation or the availability of local goods for trade....
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Shipwrecks: Their impact on the behavioural patterns of sailors and on littoral societies during the age of sail in the western Indian Ocean, circa 800–1600 International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-09-26 Mir Kamruzzaman Chowdhary
This article begins by investigating the construction techniques of medieval Indian ships to explore the extent to which the building methods were responsible for shipwrecks. Then, the article atte...
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Encompassing the Earth: Magellan's voyage from its political context to its expansion of knowledge International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Matteo Salonia
Between 1519 and 1522, the Magellan–Elcano expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the world. This contribution offers a new interpretation of the political context leading to the voyage...
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Testing the waters: The creation of Global Privateering, an open access database for St Malo's dossiers de prise International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Tessa de Boer
The relevance of privateering-related archives for maritime history and (early modern) history at large has been increasingly recognized in the past decades. This recognition has gone hand in hand ...
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Editorial International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Cátia Antunes, Michiel van Groesen
Our third issue of this year contains five articles based on original research, one research note and eight book reviews. The articles are ordered more or less chronologically as usual.
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The British brig-sloop Pilot (1807): At war and in whaling International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-07-11 Julie Papworth, Roger Dence
Following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, many Royal Navy warships were laid up before being sold into merchant service or for breaking up. Large numbers of sloops, schooners and cutters had been built for war service between 1803 and 1814, mostly in private shipyards. The versatility of these smaller classes of vessels was evident in their diverse and demanding wartime roles and subsequently
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Transforming historical research practices – a digital infrastructure for the VOC archives (GLOBALISE) International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-07-05 Lodewijk Petram, Matthias van Rossum
The GLOBALISE project aims to unlock c. 5 million pages from the archives of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) for in-depth research. Funded by the Dutch Research Council1, GLOBALISE is a collaboration of the Huygens Institute, the International Institute of Social History and the Digital Infrastructure department of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Humanities Cluster; the Computational
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Hanseatic twilight? Lübeck’s shipping networks in the latter half of the eighteenth century International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Yrjö Kaukiainen
From the late sixteenth century, shipping in the Baltic Sea region experienced profound changes. The rising maritime powers – the Dutch Republic and Great Britain – penetrated the area and the old Hanseatic masters seem to have been relegated to a passive role. These changes are illuminated in the Sound Toll Registers but, in contrast, Baltic archival sources are so fragmentary and imperfect that it
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The bridge or someplace later! The demise of two Scottish deep-sea tramp-ship firms, Hogarth Shipping Co. Ltd. and Lyle Shipping PLC, 1960–1987 International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Hugh Murphy
This article, which is in four parts and is based on the surviving records, consists of two case studies on the responses of one privately owned company (Hogarth Shipping Co. Ltd.) and one public company (Lyle Shipping PLC) to the increasingly difficult operational environment of the post-1960 era confronting British shipping firms dealing with increased international competition, political and economic
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Editorial International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-05-27 Cátia Antunes, Michiel van Groesen
The current issue reflects a series of articles based on original research covering a period from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. These articles touch on a range of topics from economic, environmental and social history, all related to the maritime world and its communities. F. Andrew Smith and Sue Paul provide the reader with insights into the trade networks developed out of Captain Richard
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Creation of a port authority in nineteenth century British India: Organisational structure and administrative procedures in the Port of Calcutta International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-05-26 Ankita Singh
The formation of an ‘Authority’ for port management in nineteenth century British India under a structural legal framework represented a watershed in the economic history of port management and sea-borne trade, one with far-reaching effects on both enterprise and the organisation of labour in the region. This ‘new’ authority structure started in the Port of Calcutta and was adopted for the ports of
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The Konstruktionskommissionen and Danish shipbuilding, 1739–1756: From tension to hybrid warship design International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-05-09 Ida Christine Jorgensen
The Konstruktionskommissionen (Construction Committee), which was responsible for shipbuilding in the eighteenth-century Danish navy, was established in 1739 after a period of tension. The naval constructor Knud Nielsen Benstrup had been held personally accountable for an error in his design and imprisoned, and the following trial debated French and English shipbuilding methods – a hot topic. For decision-making
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Looking for black sailors in the eighteenth-century French navy International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-05-09 Jeremy Young
This article explores the presence of black sailors in the French maritime world during the second part of the eighteenth century. It is apparent that both French and British navies at this time of war seem to have had opposite policies with regard to the employment of black sailors as almost none can be found on French warships whereas several examples may be found in the British Royal Navy . This
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Austro-Hungarian merchant ships in the United States during the First World War International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-05-04 Václav Horčička
This article examines the fates of Austro-Hungarian merchant ships that were stranded in ports in the United States at the beginning of the First World War. The wider context of the relationship between Austria-Hungary and the United States is also analysed. The article proves the hypothesis that even though there were in fact not that many of these ships in number, they did represent a significant
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Maritime India in Dutch sources: The Dutch East India Company port records of Cochin and Bimilipatnam International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-05-03 Erik Odegard
Dutch port records are a valuable source to study the development of shipping in the Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century, especially the important but elusive local short-sea trades. This article presents data from the Dutch port records of Cochin (Kochi) and Bimilipatnam (Bheemunipatnam).
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Following the icy thing: When natural ice was a commodity International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-03-03 David Atkinson
This article explores how a focus on commodities, and associated ‘follow-the-thing’ methodologies, might help nuance and deepen traditional historical narratives of the natural-ice trade between Norway and Britain in the 1850–1920 period. The article outlines these approaches and their potential to prompt richer understandings of the broader social impacts of the extraction or production of commodities
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Navy victuallers and the rise of Cheshire cheese International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Peter J. Atkins
In the 1990s Charles Foster claimed that a commercial Cheshire cheese trade began in 1650, the year when the first coastwise cargo from Chester was recorded in the London port books. One purpose of this research note is to embellish Foster's claim by suggesting that an even greater influence on this trade was the adoption from the early 1840s by England's state-appointed victuallers of Cheshire cheese
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Economics without ethics? Medical treatment of African slaves aboard Dutch West India Company and private slave ships International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-24 Joost C. A. Schokkenbroek, Leon van den Broeke
This article discusses the treatment of enslaved Africans by the Dutch during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Treatment is interpreted in two ways – morally and medically. Moral treatment is primarily defined by the Dutch Reformed Church and its religious dogmata. Despite the importance of this church in the provision of pastors and comforters of the sick (ziekentroosters), information about
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Editorial International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-23 Cátia Antunes, Michiel van Groesen
Cátia Antunes, Michiel van Groesen and colleagues at Leiden University will be hosting the editorial office of the International Journal of Maritime History (IJMH) for the next five years. We are very excited at this prospect. Leiden has a long-standing tradition in maritime history across different historical epochs and themes – ancient, medieval, early modern and contemporary history from economic
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The French refrigeration industry's protectionism propaganda against Norwegian ice imports, 1899–1920 International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-21 Effie Dorovitsa
Imports of Norwegian natural ice into France during the long nineteenth century were met with hostility from the emerging French artificial-ice industry. The phenomenon was more pronounced in the northern ports of France where large amounts of ice were essential for the smooth operation of the fisheries and tourist hubs. This article narrates how the French refrigeration industrialists, collectively
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Two conferences in the natural-ice trade International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-21 Knut Michael Nygaard
A conference in shipping can be understood as a cartel-like association of competing shipping companies. The purpose is to ensure stable framework conditions in the form of ‘sensible’ freight rates. Conferences were first used in the second half of the nineteenth century by liner shipping companies. In tramp shipping, conferences became relevant at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article
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Rooting for ro-ro: Exploring how strategic choices by pulp and paper companies contributed to Sweden's specialized maritime export systems, 1960–2015 International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-17 Thomas T. Lennerfors
The Nordic, particularly Swedish and Finnish, pulp and paper (P&P) companies are represented in earlier research as using specialized maritime transport systems – based on roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) vessels – in long-term collaborations with shipping companies after the Second World War. However, the strategic choices of the P&P companies that led to this development have not been researched. Based on
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Ice from ‘nature's factory’ International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Eyvind Bagle
Norway's natural-ice export trade was a complex phenomenon that was shaped by demographic and consumption patterns, and by developments in the food and refrigeration industries. At the same time, it was a maritime business, comprising distinctive logistical modes and networks. Time, season and weather conditions were crucial variables. This article surveys the ways in which such contingencies were
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The ‘Last Ice Age’ in maritime history: An introduction International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Per G. Norseng
The point of departure of this Forum is an ongoing research project funded by the Norwegian Research Council: ‘The Last Ice Age: The Trade in Natural Ice as an Agent of Modernization and Economic Integration in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century’ (https://marmuseum.no/en/the-last-ice-age). The project is managed by the Norwegian Maritime Museum in cooperation with scholars at the University
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English trade with the East at a time of change: Captain Richard Etherington's voyages and networking in the maritime world in the late seventeenth century International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-11 F. Andrew Smith, Sue Paul
At the end of the seventeenth century, the trade monopoly of the English East India Company was increasingly under threat, both in England and overseas. This article describes voyages to India and the East Indies between 1688 and 1699 by ships commanded by Richard Etherington. Firstly, he commanded a ship chartered by the East India Company for a voyage to India, the outcome of which was shipwreck
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All aboard the King George and Happy Captive: European ship-naming practices in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, 1750–1755 International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-11 Rachael Pasierowska
This study examines the names and symbolism of slave ship vessels between 1750 and 1755. Undertaking trans-oceanic travel in the eighteenth century was a perilous venture. Sea storms threatened vessels and their crew members, who were near defenceless in the face of such violent natural elements. First, merchants sought to name their vessels for traits that bespoke speed. A vessel that remained for
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Renewable vs fossil fuel: How a fossil-fuel powered industry pushed a renewable resource out of the ice market in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-11 Ingo Heidbrink
Artificially produced ice replaced natural ice as a cooling agent in a process of displacement that lasted several decades. This article uses the German market as an example to identify the three main factors that underpinned this process. First, it argues that the displacement process was largely driven by marketing and image campaigns created by the proponents of artificial ice-making technology
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Excitement and prey: Captains’ wives and the experience of marine animals on US whaling ships in the nineteenth century International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-08 Emilia Syväsalmi
Captains’ wives, who travelled with their husbands on US whaling ships in the middle of the nineteenth century, encountered marine animals during their journeys. Marine animals are often forgotten when writing animal histories. However, they are a visible theme in the wives’ journals, which are the main source for this article. The author argues that marine animals created a shared experience for the
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The financing of the fishing sector and the naval mortgage in Spain (1900–1959) International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-02 Jesús Giráldez Rivero
The literature on Spanish maritime fishing tends to have the sector really starting to prosper at the beginning of the 1960s when the new Francoist development policies and strong government financial support programmes led Spain to the position of being among the main fishing powers in the world. The objective of this article is to analyse the previous forms of financing of the activity between 1900
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Book Review: Inside the US Navy of 1812–1815 by William S. Dudley International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Gene A. Smith
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Book Review: The Modern Cruiser: The Evolution of the Ships That Fought the Second World War by Robert C. Stern International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Scott Lindgren
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Book Review: Neptune’s Laboratory: Fantasy, Fear, and Science at Sea by Antony Adler International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Torma Franziska
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On the origin, foundational designs and first manufacture of the modern catamaran International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Rodrigo Pérez Fernández, Francisco A. González Redondo
The complete history of the modern catamaran has not yet been written. On 25 November 1916, Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo patented a new kind of ship, which he called the ‘Binave’, the Spanish equivalent of ‘Twin Ship’. For the first time ever, a multihull steel vessel was patented and constructed, driven by two propellers powered by two Hispano-Suiza marine engines. The location of the
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When death gave way to glory: Philip Gibbs, RMS Titanic and the Western Front International Journal of Maritime History Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Martin Kerby, Margaret Baguley
The English journalist and author Philip Gibbs established many of the mythological conventions of the Titanic sinking – the luxury of a ship believed to be unsinkable; insufficient lifeboats; women and children first; the band playing ‘Nearer, My God, to Thee’; the failure of a nearby ship to respond to distress signals; and the heroism of the doomed passengers. Gibbs’ language choices in reporting