A previously unpublished memorandum on the life of Dr. Joseph Priestley written by Priestley’s former student, Benjamin Vaughan. Vaughan, who participated in the negotiations of the Treaty of Paris and served as a member of parliament, recounts the academic accomplishments, research interests and character of one of England’s most famous eighteenth-century polymaths. Vaughan’s reflections provide a

This article investigates the creation of a shelter for migrants in fifteenth-century Venice. As an ephemeral structure, the shelter raises questions regarding the scope, mutability and materiality of the city's early modern urban fabric. Further, due to its mission to shelter eastern refugees, the shelter is embedded in foreign policy matters stemming from and aiming to stabilize Venetian presence

This special section pays tribute to Professor Vera Bácskai (1930–2018), an outstanding Hungarian urban historian, one of the founders and former presidents of the European Association for Urban History. Vera Bácskai was an influential personality whose work and personal impact inspired generations of younger scholars. She played an instrumental role in the institutionalization of modern social and

Credit restrictions were used as a monetary policy instrument in the Netherlands from the 1960s to the early 1990s. Since these restrictions were aimed at containing money rather than credit growth, their focus was on net credit creation by the financial sector. We document the rationale of these credit restrictions and how their implementation evolved in line with the evolution of the financial system

ABSTRACT This article assesses the development and current state of climate history research conducted in the five Nordic countries and Estonia. The possible societal impacts of past climatic changes already interested a handful of Nordic historians in the early twentieth century, but the lack of data on past climate fluctuations constrained scholarship in this field until recently. The data availability

In the 19th and early 20th century, epilepsy was one of the most investigated disorders in forensic psychiatry and psychology. The possible subsidiary symptoms of epilepsy (such as temporal confusion, alterations of consciousness, or increased aggression) played pivotal roles in early forensic and criminal psychological theories that aimed to underscore the problematic medical, social and legal status

(2021). The Comforts of Home in Western Europe, 1700-1900. Cultural and Social History. Ahead of Print.

(2021). Lawyers for the Poor: Legal Advice, Voluntary Action and Citizenship in England, 1890-1990. Cultural and Social History. Ahead of Print.

(2021). The Family Firm: Monarchy, Mass Media, and the British Public, 1932-53. Cultural and Social History. Ahead of Print.

The Reformation exacted considerable changes on towns across Britain, occurring at the same time as the shift away from broadcloths to other economies. Part of the process of change was the de-sacralization of former monastic spaces. The parallel process of increased commons enclosures alongside acquisitions of church lands produced a secularized and privatized landscape which transitioned the medieval

The scholarship of high medieval warfare tends not to emphasize the contribution made by urban communities, regarding cities as the passive objects of military campaigning. This article shows that the inhabitants of medieval London, however, had emerged as an organized military community from an early date, and were regarded by contemporaries as unusually disciplined, effective, fighters.

(2021). Nothing Like a Dame: Conversations with the Great Women of Musical Theater. The Oral History Review. Ahead of Print.

ABSTRACT At the heart of refuge in Switzerland during the Second World War, a singular training experience was set up in Geneva in order to train a complete educational staff in charge of children placed in homes in that country but also in the rest of Europe. In November 1944, an “International Course for Monitors of Homes for Child Victims of War” was inaugurated, in which the pupils would follow

Abstract In retrospect and erroneously the nineteenth century international gold standard was interpreted as a quest for monetary discipline. The discipline argument was introduced after WWI in support for a restoration of the gold standard. The interwar failure led to an emphasis on international balances, the argument which came to the fore in the preparations for the Bretton Woods system. The balance

ABSTRACT In the United States, the Lesbian Nation in the late 1960s and ‘70s was not one place or thing. Communities throughout the land, in cities large and small, on both coasts and in the middle, were linked by networks of activists, newspapers, musicians, and conferences. This is an examination of the Iowa City lesbian community based on oral histories conducted by the author in the 1980s, by community

Despite the dramatic effect of the railway age on the natural surroundings, it was not seen necessarily as destructive to nature. Railways were both the epitome of progress as well as integral features in pastoral landscapes. This seemingly paradoxical perception of railways is partially explained by historicising the “naturalisation” of the German train system. This article describes the rapid transformation

Recent historiography has explored a contradiction at the heart of the British welfare state—it was founded on and supported by migrant and non-white labour, whose own healthcare and broader welfare state entitlements were neglected. This article explores how this contradiction was exposed and challenged by some of the health service’s own workforce, who witnessed and contested racism in the National

(2021). Editor’s Note. Early Modern French Studies: Vol. 43, Women Philosophers in Early Modern France, edited by Derval Conroy, pp. 1-1.

This introduction aims to briefly outline some of the ways in which women have been historically excluded from the history of philosophy, and the ways in which recent developments are addressing that neglect and exclusion. It also outlines ways in which women were in fact included in the historiography of philosophy in the 17th century itself, the period in question.

Toute la philosophie de Gournay est morale. Elle recherche le critère de l'excellence quel que soit le thème dont elle traite. Si l'idéal aristotélicien de mesure semble servir de modèle à sa morale des vertus, il est en réalité inopérant. Il ne tient pas compte de la vertu de certains excès d'une part. Il n'est pas capable d'expliquer la proximité extrême entre le bien et le mal d'autre part. Il faut

Marie de Gournay’s defense of figurative language and her attack on the purified language championed by the neoclassical Parisian establishment is a political as well as aesthetic polemic. The neoclassical ideal of clear, concise speech not only impoverishes language through its animus toward the use of metaphor; it assaults human subjectivity by suppressing the expression of rare emotional states

Très diversifiés sur le plan générique, les quelque 36 imprimés que signe Suzanne de Nervèze entre 1636 et 1662 forment une production unifiée par une posture auctoriale de moraliste qui embrasse la spiritualité et la philosophie. Cette posture est particulièrement perceptible dans le tout dernier livre de Nervèze, Les Pensées chrestiennes et morales (1662), qui réunit une vingtaine de textes déclinant

This article aims to examine the treatment of friendship in Gabrielle Suchon's Traité de la morale et la politique (1693) and Du célibat volontaire (1700). In the Traité, friendship is cast in political terms and is represented as the key foundational element of a healthy society. Specifically, a feminization of friendship and a politicization of sociability and conversation allow Suchon to carve out

Gabrielle Suchon’s reliance on religious texts and authorities to support and legitimise the arguments she makes in her two texts Traité de la morale et de la politique (1693) and Du célibat volontaire (1700) has sometimes been perceived as running contrary to its defence of female freedom. Suchon’s use of religious texts will be examined here as a corner stone of her attack on male hegemony and crucial

I trace key arguments of Jean–Jacques Rousseau's political philosophy to Louise Dupin's Ouvrage sur les femmes to reveal that early modern feminist thought contributed directly to social contract theory. Rousseau applied Dupin's mockery of the marriage contract to dismiss as fraudulent the political contract that previous natural law philosophers had imagined between subjects and sovereign. He then

Louise Keralio-Robert began publishing translations, novels, history, and a collection of women’s works in the decade prior to the French Revolution. She was a republican journalist during its initial stages and then, after a period of obscurity, returned to publishing translations and novels at the end of the first decade of the nineteenth century. This article offers an overview of the works produced

ABSTRACT This paper examines the changes in infant homes for children under the age of three in West Germany after the Second World War by combining two research perspectives. First, it will show that the increase in institutional care in the decade after 1945 was not simply dictated by a growing number of orphans. Instead, it primarily resulted from the way how authorities dealt with single mothers

This is the first of two connected articles that survey recent trends in the historical scholarship of Ottoman imperial governance from the beginning of the Tanzimat state building efforts in the 1830s to the end of empire in the early 1920s. In both articles, I examine how historians have answered the question of what was imperial about the ways in which the Ottoman Empire was governed during this

This is the second of two connected articles that survey recent trends in the historical scholarship of Ottoman imperial governance from the beginning of the Tanzimat state building efforts in the 1830s to the end of empire in the early 1920s. In both articles, I examine how historians have answered the question of what was imperial about the ways in which the Ottoman Empire was governed during this

(2021). The Sisters of Our Lady of the Missions: from ultramontane origins to new cosmology, by Rosa Bruno-Jofré. History of Education. Ahead of Print.

ABSTRACT Education played a vital role in the shifting nature of colonial administration and the reshaping of colonial relations in the nineteenth century. The activities that occurred within classrooms shaped the behaviour and identity of children towards an imperial norm while beyond the school walls the changing management structure tied various local actors together within state regulations. This

(2021). Editorial. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 259-259.

(2021). His Royal Highness the Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1921–2021) The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 260-262.

(2021). Eric J. Grove (1948–2021) The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 263-264.

This article argues that historians have overlooked and underplayed a major British strategic error, namely that Napoleon’s escape from Elba in February 1815 was a preventable calamity that put the hard-won victory of the sixth coalition at risk. It had the potential to change the course of history because the allied victory at Waterloo was by no means assured. All of the allies bear some portion of

The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata used privateers during their war for independence against the Spanish crown. At first, this activity was limited to the River Plate, but in 1815 privateering became maritime, taking the offensive to the Spanish trade routes in the Atlantic and the Pacific. This way of waging war lasted until 1821 when it was finally suspended. This article studies some mutinies

The launch of the 323-ton private brig rigged yacht Pantaloon at Troon in 1831 for the Duke of Portland, marks the opening of the final and contentious ‘Symonds’ era in British wooden hull naval architecture. Designed for the duke by Captain William Symonds RN it was immediately acquired by the Royal Navy as a fast armed ocean-going dispatch boat. After Symond’s controversial appointment as Surveyor

In 1881 George Drevar, a merchant captain who had survived a shipwreck in the Cape Verde Islands, was tried at the Old Bailey for libel and threatening the life of the Commissioner of Wreck, Henry Cadogan Rothery, in part because of a disagreement over the existence of the great sea serpent. This article explains the background to the trial, including Drevar’s own sea serpent sightings, the trial’s

Lord Weir, Sir James Lithgow and Sir Andrew Rae Duncan were three close friends who grew up within a few miles of each other in Victorian Glasgow, and who went on to have uncommonly successful careers in engineering, shipbuilding, steel and finance. Despite occupying only footnotes in political histories, Weir, Lithgow and Duncan also were uncommonly influential in defence planning during the First

(2021). HRH The Duke of Edinburgh’s Interest in Maritime History and Ship Preservation. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 358-360.

(2021). ‘In Opposition to the Lawful King’: Pirates and land-based authority in Sri Lanka, 1000–1500. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 361-366.

(2021). George Camocke’s 1718 Proposal of a Jacobite–Pirate Alliance. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 366-370.

(2021). William Pratt of Greenwich (1717–95): Ship’s carpenter and painter. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 370-373.

(2021). Mutiny on the Spanish Main: HMS ‘Hermione’ and the Royal Navy’s revenge. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 374-375.

(2021). Science, Utility and British Naval Technology 1793-1815: Samuel Bentham and the royal dockyards. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 375-376.

(2021). Johannes Holst: Seascape artist. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 376-378.

(2021). Dunkirk and the Little Ships. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 378-380.

(2021). Blazing Star, Setting Sun: The Guadalcanal-Solomons campaign, November 1942–March 1943. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 380-381.

After World War II, the welfare workers of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and International Refugee Organization took care of refugee children in post-war Germany and assisted them in returning to their home countries. This article analyses the changes in welfare workers’ decisions about the future of unaccompanied displaced children of presumably Ukrainian origin in the

The Ottoman gerund in -Ub functions as a conjunctor and designates a unidirectional ‘and’ relation. Sometimes, a second conjunctor like ve, ammâ, lâkin is added after -Ub. Erich Prokosch (Studien zur Grammatik des Osmanisch-Türkischen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Vulgärosmanisch-Türkischen, Freiburg: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1980, pp. 145–46) thought this double clause conjunction to happen only

The present contribution is an attempt to analyse and conceptualise all available information concerning the principal Franciscan monasteries in Central Bosnia from the Ottoman tax survey registers of the fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth centuries. Many features in the monks’ fiscal status at this period are shared with the müste’min or foreigner from abroad, a status which appears to be based

The present article investigates the jewelry and domestic furnishings owned by wealthy women who died in Bursa during the early 1730s, combining the data derived from the estate inventories of the decedents with imagery, both Ottoman and non-Ottoman, dating to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This tentative linkage between the written and the visual has made it possible to ‘zoom in’ on the

The article offers new evidence on the Saruhanid succession in the fourteenth century in light of a short chronicle contained in a Greek manuscript housed in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, which records a hitherto unknown internal conflict that took place in 1383. This and similar historical evidence reflect the continuity of life of the Greek Orthodox communities under the Turcoman conquerors in a

Résumé Ḥasan Aġa remplaça à Alger son maître Hayr ed-Dîn Barberousse de 1533 à 1544. Mais on ne dispose pas d’étude systématique récente à son sujet. Tel est l’objet de cet article. Fondé sur la comparaison de l’ensemble des sources publiées (archives ou chroniques arabes, ottomanes ou espagnoles), il en souligne les convergences ou les contradictions, rétablit quelques vérités et s’interroge sur la

This article documents the formation of a powerful political network stretching from the central bureaucracy to the provinces under the aegis of the Köprülü household, the most influential vizierial household in the seventeenth-century Ottoman Empire. Starting with the appointment of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha as a grand vizier in 1656, the members of the Köprülü household occupied in the years that followed

Following the Second World War, Turkey vigorously pursued a policy of effective participation in international institutions. As part of this policy, Turkish diplomats campaigned for a non-permanent seat in the UN Security Council in the year 1948. This article aims to provide descriptive information about this campaign and explain why Turkey lost the election in the UN General Assembly for the seat

ABSTRACT The value of the interviews conducted with the formerly enslaved of America’s South by the Federal Writers’ Project in the 1930s can tell us much not just about antebellum enslavement but about the long-term emotional impact for families and individuals of the Civil War. They can provide a different perspective from the immediate responses to the war experience that scholars whose focus is

(2021). Penguin Books and Political Change: Britain00#x27;s Meritocratic Moment, 1937-1988. Cultural and Social History. Ahead of Print.

(2021). Modernity, Domesticity and Temporality in Russia, Time at Home. Cultural and Social History. Ahead of Print.

(2021). Dying for the Nation: Death, Grief and Bereavement in Second World War Britain. Cultural and Social History. Ahead of Print.