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The Effect of Prosocial and Antisocial Relationships Structure on Offenders’ Optimism towards Desistance Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Anne-Marie Nolet,Yanick Charette,Fanny Mignon
At the end of his career, Carlo Morselli started to be interested in how the structure of social relations could influence offenders’ prospects for reintegration and desistance. This article analyzes the data from his research project on that topic. The impacts of offenders’ relationships have traditionally been discussed from a dichotomous, risk-centered perspective opposing antisocial and prosocial
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The Interurban Network of Criminal Collaboration in Canada Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Peter J. Carrington,Alexander V. Graham
The interurban network of criminal collaboration in Canada is described, and possible explanations for its structure are explored. The data include all police-reported co-offences in the 32 major cities of Canada during 2006–09. Component analysis and graph drawings in network space and in geospace elucidate the structure of the network. Quadratic assignment procedure multiple regressions, repeated
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Anomie Reconsidered: Exaggerated Aspirations, Risk-Taking and Criminal Achievement Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Pierre Tremblay,Carlo Morselli,Mathieu Charest
Assessing offenders’ decision-making and stubborn persistence in crime has been an important challenge for criminologists. In this study, we focus on a key dimension of micro-anomie: exaggerated aspirations. An inmate survey in Quebec’s penitentiaries provided key information on inmates’ earnings during the three years prior to their current incarceration. Respondents’ criminal aspirations were elicited
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Getting By: Low Wages and Income Supplementation Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Alexandra Nur,Holly Nguyen
We examine income-generating strategies of “getting by” in a sample of young adults who have an offending record. First, we examine if human capital, conventional social capital, and criminal social capital are associated with decisions to supplement legal income with income from informal or illegal activities. Second, we explore which of those factors differentiate supplementing with informal activities
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Inside the Criminology of Carlo Morselli Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Martin Bouchard,Frédéric Ouellet
Carlo Morselli’s research inspired numerous scholars around the world to integrate criminal achievement indicators and social network data into their research programs. As a professor of criminology for over 20 years at the Université de Montréal, Morselli was part of a generation of scholars who acted as brokers between Canada’s two official languages. This volume of the Canadian Journal of Criminology
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Exploring the Reciprocal Relationship Between Serious Victimization and Criminogenic Networks Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Hana Ryu,Evan McCuish
Reducing explanations of victimization to a person’s risky lifestyle has stalled growth in theories of victimization. Drawing from Carlo Morselli’s contributions to social network analysis, the current study extended past research on community-based co-offending networks and victimization in two ways. First, the current study more comprehensively measured a person’s criminogenic network by also examining
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Examining Negative Online Social Reaction to Police Use of Force: The George Floyd and Jacob Blake Events Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Olivier Péloquin,Francis Fortin,Sarah Paquette
Dealing with use of excessive force by the police has historically been a struggle in the United States. The 1992 protests in Los Angeles following the death of Rodney King are one example of public response to an instance of excessive use of force. More recently, the death of George Floyd led to widespread protests against excessive use of force and the current model of policing in general. The increasing
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Introduction to the CJCCJ Special Issue on Police Use of Force Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Rémi Boivin
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Examining Press Conference and Press Release Accounts of Canadian Police Shootings Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Kevin Walby,Babatunde Alabi
Little research examines the communication work that public police do following police shootings. Based on an analysis of 85 press releases, press conferences, and media interviews after police shootings in Canada spanning 2010–2020, we analyse narrative techniques used in police communications. Contributing to literature on police image management, we examine patterns in these communications, and
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Body-Worn Camera Footage in the News: An Experimental Study of the Impact of Perspective and Framing on Viewer Perception Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Brigitte Poirier,Justine Collin-Santerre,Rémi Boivin
The use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) by police organizations has increased rapidly in recent years. As a result, the use of BWC footage by mass media has also increased. While such video images can help viewers better understand complex police interventions, there are few studies of the extent to which BWC footage influences audience opinions and interpretations of police work. This article investigates
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The Need for a Canadian Database of Police Use-of-Force Incidents Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Craig Bennell,Andrew Steven Brown,Bryce Jenkins,Ariane-Jade Khanizadeh,Audrey MacIsaac,Tori Semple
Concerns surrounding the use of force by police officers appear to be growing, fuelled by perceptions that the police use force too frequently, research showing that force is applied disproportionately to members of certain groups, and the view held by some that the mechanisms for holding police responsible for unjustified force are inadequate. In this paper, we advocate for the creation of a national
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Situational and Ecological Predictors of Conducted Energy Weapon Application Severity Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Victoria A. Sytsma,Erick Laming,Ethan Pohl
Despite being touted as a “less lethal” use-of-force option, conducted energy weapons (CEWs) do pose some risk of injury to civilians, and thus warrant empirical examination. CEWs provide users with multiple use modes constituting various levels of severity; yet apart from the work of Somers and colleagues, almost no research exists investigating these levels of severity. Further, research findings
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Choosing Prison over Parole: Factors Associated with Prisoners’ Decision to Waive Their Conditional Release Hearing Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Stéphanie Lord,Chloé Leclerc,Marion Vacheret,Marianne Quirouette,João Velloso
Parole review waivers have serious implications on correctional systems, prisoners’ rehabilitation, and public safety. However, studies on this topic are scarce, have limited scopes and methodologies, and lack in-depth analysis about women and Indigenous people. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of prisoners who forgo parole review. Quebec’s correctional services provided
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Sources of Public Confidence in the Canadian Criminal Justice System Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Jean-Denis David
This study examines factors associated with public confidence in the Canadian criminal justice system. It further examines whether interaction with this legal authority leads to varying bases for this confidence. Using data from the 2009 Canadian General Social Survey, this study found that satisfaction with sentencing severity was among the least important sources of confidence. Instead, satisfaction
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Exploring the Canadian Judiciary’s Experiences with and Perceptions of Gladue Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Jane Dickson,Kory Smith
Section 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code of Canada requires judicial consideration of Indigenous social context evidence in any setting in which an Indigenous person is facing a possible loss of liberty. This research explored how lower courts in Canada access this information, the quality and sufficiency of the information received, and whether and how this information assists in crafting appropriate
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Understanding the Sexual Victimization of Children by Juveniles: Identifying Criminal Event Patterns Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Julien Chopin,Eric Beauregard
The purpose of this study is to explore the crime-commission process involved in the sexual victimization of children perpetrated by juveniles. Specifically, this study aims to explore the interconnectedness of pre-crime, crime, and post-crime phases with victimological characteristics using a criminal event perspective. The sample used in this study consists of 185 cases of child sexual abuses perpetrated
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Incarcerated Girls’ Early Life Experiences and Their Influence on Serious Offending in Emerging Adulthood Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Kelsey Gushue,Evan McCuish
Warr (1989) conceptualized offence severity as the intersection of the harmfulness and wrongfulness of an act, which overlaps with how Canada’s justice system makes decisions about sentencing. The current study used this logic to move beyond static indicators of crime severity (e.g., history of violent offending) to examine risk factors for longitudinal patterns of offending severity over the life
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Networked Architectures of Crime Prevention: Community Mobilization in Manitoba Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Kelly Gorkoff,Nadine Bartlett,Rebeca Heringer,Mehmet Yavuz,Natassia D’Sena
Crime prevention programs in Canada have increasingly adopted community mobilization frameworks – a process in which individuals, groups, and organizations in a community come together to address particular social issues associated with individual risk, health and safety, crime prevention, and community development. These initiatives intend to address systemic issues that are strongly correlated with
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A Tale of Two Theories: Whither Social Disorganization Theory and the Routine Activities Approach? Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Jen-Li Shen,Martin A. Andresen
Social disorganization theory and the routine activities approach have been extensively applied separately as theoretical frameworks for the spatial analysis of crime, with general support. As hypothetical explanations for complex social phenomena, criminological theories can impact how studies are framed and how the crime problem is approached. Thus, it is important to evaluate theories continuously
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Contacts with the Police and the Over-Representation of Indigenous Peoples in The Canadian Criminal Justice System Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Jean-Denis David,Megan Mitchell
There is abundant evidence of the over-representation of Indigenous peoples in Canadian correctional facilities but, there is, however, limited research on the over-representation of Indigenous peoples at other stages of the criminal justice system. This article examines self-reported contacts with the police by Indigenous peoples in Canada as a way to broaden our understanding of their over-representation
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#AbolishNCR: A Qualitative Analysis of Social Media Narratives around the Insanity Defense Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Ilvy Goossens,Marlee Jordan,Tonia Nicholls
This article presents an analysis of social media posts by laypersons regarding a finding of Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) for Matthew de Grood after a high-profile trial in 2016 in Canada. From trial to verdict, a total of 4,991 tweets relating to the case were harvested from Twitter. Qualitative content analysis of 365 tweets by laypersons revealed three themes
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“We’re Not Where We Should Be”: Enhancing Law Enforcement Responses to Hate Crime Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Barbara Perry,Kanika Samuels-Wortley
In an era when reported hate crimes are increasing dramatically, it is troubling that there appears to be, at best, an uneven response to the problem from law enforcement in Canada. Our pilot study of policing hate crime in Ontario is the first attempt to understand whether and how law enforcement think about and act on hate crime. Interviews with officers in eight police forces across eastern and
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Exploring Inconsistencies in the Interpretation of Canada’s Section 161 Order for Sexual Offending Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Natasha Knack,Julie Blais,J. Paul Fedoroff
Abstract:Community-based risk management strategies for people convicted of sexual offences (PCSO) can hinder successful reintegration, which plays an important role in reducing sexual recidivism. Section 161 of the Criminal Code is a Canadian risk management strategy, which aims to protect children by prohibiting people convicted of sexual offences against children (PCSO-C) from engaging in behaviours
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Homegrown Views? Exploring Immigrant and Racialized People’s Perceptions of Police in Canada Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Maria Jung,Carolyn Greene,Jane B. Sprott
Abstract:When compared to studies examining racialized people’s perceptions of police in North America, studies of immigrants’ views of police are quite rare and they often conflate the views of immigrants with those of racialized people. Yet, we know racialized people are not necessarily immigrants and immigrants are not necessarily racialized. Research that distinguishes immigrant status from racialized
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The Social Organization of Community-Run Place: An Analysis of Community Gardens and Crime in Vancouver (2005–2015) Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Yasmin Koop-Monteiro
Abstract:Community gardens can bring many benefits to community members, including access to healthy, affordable foods and opportunities for social interaction. Less certain, however, is their contribution to neighbourhood resilience to crime. To date, few studies have focused on the ability of community gardens – as distinct from other types of green spaces – to promote social organization and reduce
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A Qualitative Analysis of Parole Suspensions among Women on Parole Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Rosemary Ricciardelli,Laura McKendy
Abstract:In studying parole outcomes, researchers have pointed to the prominence of technical violations (e.g., breaches of release conditions) in contributing to high rates of custodial returns. In the current study, we contribute to a qualitative understanding of women’s returns to custody in the Canadian federal context. Drawing on casework documents, we analyse pathways to reincarceration by examining
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Designing an Explainable Predictive Policing Model to Forecast Police Workforce Distribution in Cities Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Mark Parent,Aurélien Roy,Claudele Gagnon,Noémie Lemaire,Nadine Deslauriers-Varin,Tiago H. Falk,Sébastien Tremblay
Despite extensive research, measurable benefits of predictive policing are scarce. We argue that powerful models might not always help the work of officers. Furthermore, developed models are often unexplainable, leading to trust issues between police intuition and machine-made prediction. We use a joint approach, mixing criminology and data science knowledge, to design an explainable predictive policing
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Citizen Characteristics, Neighbourhood Conditions, and Prior Contacts with the Police: A Comparative Study of Public Satisfaction with the Police Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Mengyan Dai,Xiaochen Hu,Feng Gu
This study takes a comparative approach to examine public satisfaction with the police, focusing on three theoretical models: the demographic model, the neighbourhood conditions model, and the prior contacts with the police model. Using survey data collected from two mid-sized communities in the U.S. and Canada, this study analyzes the similarities and differences in the factors affecting satisfaction
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Are Conditional Sentence Orders Used Differently for Indigenous Offenders? A Comparison of Sentences and Outcomes in Canada Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Leticia Gutierrez,Nick Chadwick
Conditional sentence orders (CSOs) were introduced in Canada in 1996, largely as a mechanism to address the overreliance on incarceration. This sentencing option is particularly relevant for Indigenous individuals who have been vastly overrepresented in custodial settings. Despite being in place for over twenty years, little is known about the use and effectiveness of CSOs. The current study examined
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Spatial Patterns of Immigration and Property Crime in Vancouver: A Spatial Point Pattern Test Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Olivia K. Ha,Martin A. Andresen
We empirically evaluate the distribution of spatial patterns at the census tract (CT) level for various immigration and property crime measures in Vancouver, British Columbia, 2003 and 2016, using a spatial point pattern test that identifies significant similarities, or otherwise, in the spatial patterns of (a) multiple measures of immigration, (b) various property crime classifications, and (c) immigration
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Reducing Criminal Justice Involvement of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness and Mental Illness: Perspectives of Frontline Practitioners Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Laurence Roy, Anne Crocker, Roch Hurtubise, Eric Latimer, Michelle Côté, Isabelle Billette, François Boissy
Individuals experiencing both homelessness and mental illness have high rates of interaction with public safety and criminal justice institutions. Several cross-sector diversion programs have been ...
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Desisting from Crime: In-Prison Behaviour and Cognition as Predictors of Post-release Success Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Glenn D. Walters
To test the possibility that in-prison behaviour and cognition provide information useful in predicting future desistance from crime, two in-prison variables and nine pre-prison and demographic con...
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Indigenous Over-representation in Canada’s Youth Correctional System: An Assessment of Regional Variability Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Stephanie A. Wiley, Helene Love, Kelin A. Emmett
Although Indigenous youth make up 8% of Canada’s population, they are over-represented in the youth correctional system – comprising 46% of admissions in the 2016/17 fiscal year. The Youth Criminal...
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Seductions of Exposure Time: The Mismeasurement of Desistance among Persons Involved in Frequent and Serious Offending Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Evan C. McCuish
Abstract:Examining desistance has become an important part of the longitudinal examination of patterns of offending. Substantial attention has been given to defining desistance (e.g., as a process versus as an event), but less attention has been given to whether analytic strategies appropriately operationalize such definitions. The current study examines the prevalence of false desistance (i.e., wrongly
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We Know a Lot, but Not Nearly Enough: Introduction to the CJCCJ Special Issue on Desistance Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Evan C. McCuish
Abstract:Desistance is now one of the main criminal career parameters investigated by criminologists. Similarly, practitioners working within the criminal justice system are primarily focused on ways to promote desistance among their clients. However, these two groups typically think about desistance in different ways. Practitioners are often exposed to the idea from correctional psychology that desistance
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Increasing Pretrial Releases and Reducing Felony Convictions for Defendants: Implications for Desistance from Crime Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Travis C. Pratt, Teresa May, Lisa Kan
Abstract:The bulk of the desistance literature has focused on social/contextual factors (marriage, employment, peers) and their criminogenic consequences. Less attention has been devoted to the role of criminal justice system involvement in the desistance process, and most of the existing research indicates that system involvement tends to inhibit or delay desistance from crime. One recent effort to
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Exploring the Dark Figure of Hate: Experiences with Police Bias and the Under-reporting of Hate Crime Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Caroline Erentzen,Regina Schuller
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Examining Micro-Level Homicide Patterns in Toronto, 1967 Through 2003 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Vincent Harinam
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Police Contact, Procedural Injustice, and Drug Use Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Stephen W. Baron, Scott Macdonald
Drawing on general strain theory, this article explores whether young people’s perceptions of procedural injustice in their interactions with police, as well as their economic dissatisfaction, are ...
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Immigration and Crime in Canadian Cities: A 35-Year Study Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Maria Jung
This study examines whether changes in immigration are associated with changes in crime rates in Canadian census metropolitan areas for the period 1976–2011. Using data from the Uniform Crime Repor...
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Understanding Public Attitudes towards the Police: Co-variates of Satisfaction, Trust, and Confidence Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Xiaochen Hu, Mengyan Dai, Michael J. DeValve, Andrew Lejeune
Prior research on public attitudes towards the police has tended to refer to three concepts—satisfaction with the police, confidence in the police, and trust in the police—entirely interchangeably....
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Réussir dans le crime et réussir à s’en sortir : l’influence de la carrière criminelle sur le processus de désistement Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Frédéric Ouellet, Stéphanie Chouinard, Marie-Ève Dubois
Plusieurs routes menent au desistement criminel et le parcours emprunte depend des experiences passees. Peu de travaux se sont penches sur le lien entre la carriere criminelle et la periode qui lui...
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Intersection of Indigenous Peoples and Police: Questions about Contact and Confidence Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 Amy M. Alberton, Kevin M. Gorey, G. Brent Angell, Harvey A. McCue
Despite much anecdotal, journalistic, and statistical evidence of their oppression by colonial and neocolonial police practices, little is known about Indigenous peoples’ attitudes towards the poli...
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Exploration des facteurs associés à la confiance des Autochtones envers la police au Canada : la pertinence du modèle expressif Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 Jean-Denis David
L’article explore les facteurs associes aux variations du niveau de confiance des Autochtones envers la police au Canada. Dans une demarche comparative, il examine egalement la saillance de ces fac...
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Social Identity in the Canadian Courtroom: Effects of Juror and Defendant Race Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 Evelyn Maeder, Susan Yamamoto
The purpose of this study was to examine whether black (n = 90), Indigenous (n = 92), and white (n = 94) mock jurors would make harsher decisions in trials involving other-race defendants. Jury-eli...
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A Quantitative Study of a Drug Treatment Court in a Western Canadian City: Post-sentencing and Reoffence Outcomes Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 Michael Weinrath, Kelly Gorkoff, Joshua Watts, Calum Smee, Zachary Allard, Michael Bellan, Sarah Lumsden, Melissa Cattini
Drug treatment courts (DTCs) have been proposed as an alternative to custody that will better deal with drug-dependent offenders through application of therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ). While DTC pro...
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More Canadian Police Means Less Crime Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 Simon Demers
New empirical insights into Canadian policing are derived from publicly available panel data collected by Statistics Canada between 1998 and 2017 across almost 700 Canadian municipal police jurisdi...
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Validating the Police Legitimacy Scale with a Canadian Sample Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 Logan Ewanation, Craig Bennell, Brittany Blaskovits, Simon Baldwin
For years, scholars and law enforcement agencies have been interested in examining the public’s perceptions of police legitimacy. However, previous studies have operationalized “police legitimacy” ...
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The Monetary Costs of Crime for a Sample of Offenders in Ontario Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Christopher J. Koegl,David M. Day
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Negotiating Release? Analysing Decision Making in Bail Court Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Carolyn Yule, Rachel Schumann
Abstract:The vast majority of accused in Canada are released on bail with conditions pending the resolution of their case. As members of the court-room workgroup, the defence, the Crown, and the Justice of the Peace (JP) are tasked with negotiating a set of release conditions in a timely fashion; yet little work has attempted to understand how exchanges between these court-room participants shape the
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Deterring Driving under the Influence of Cannabis: Knowledge and Beliefs of Drivers in a Remedial Program Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Tara Marie Watson, Robert E. Mann, Christine M. Wickens, Bruna Brands
Abstract:As provincial and territorial governments across Canada adjust to the federal legalization of cannabis for non-medical use, strategies to deter driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) are increasingly attracting attention. Development and evaluation of legal and other measures designed to deter DUIC would benefit from improved understanding of knowledge and beliefs that underpin individuals'
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La construction du cadre normatif de l’emprisonnement avec sursis : analyse de la réforme politique de la loi C-9 au Canada Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Elsa Euvrard, Chloé Leclerc
Résumé:L’emprisonnement avec sursis, crée lors de la réforme canadienne sur la détermination de la peine en 1996, permet à une personne condamnée à une peine d’emprisonnement de moins de deux ans de la purger dans la collectivité, tout en respectant des conditions imposées par le juge. Dans un contexte de durcissement pénal, deux réformes, la loi C-9 en 2007 et la loi C-10 en 2012 ont réduit le champ
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The Concentration of Crime at Place in Montreal and Toronto Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Rémi Boivin, Silas Nogueira de Melo
Abstract:The identification of hot spots of crime – areas of high crime intensity – is of primary importance for crime prevention strategies. While the notion of crime hot spots is well accepted in Anglo-Saxon criminology, its empirical foundation is largely drawn from U.S. studies, and comparatively little literature is available for other countries, including Canada. Taking advantage of their respective
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Remand as a Cross-Institutional System: Examining the Process of Punishment before Conviction Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Holly Pelvin
Abstract:Currently in Canada, there are more legally innocent people in custody in provincial/territorial prisons than there are sentenced prisoners. This group, known as remand prisoners, constituted 37% of the total prison population – federal and provincial/territorial – in Canada in 2015. Despite growing public attention and legal awareness of the remand problem, little is known about the human
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Patterns of Change in Dynamic Risk Factors over Time in Youth Offenders Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Maggie Clarke, Michele Peterson-Badali, Tracey Skilling
Abstract:Risk assessments that include dynamic risk factors are increasingly being utilized within the youth justice system to predict a young person’s likelihood to reoffend, to assist with case management, and to better inform intervention services. However, most studies to date have relied solely on single-wave cross-sectional research designs that essentially treat dynamic risk factors as static
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Denis Szabo (1929–2018): Founder of Canadian Criminology in Québec Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 François Fenchel,John Winterdyk
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“Jailers in the Community”: Responsibilizing Private Citizens as Third-Party Police Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Nicole Marie Myers
Abstract:To ameliorate pre-trial risk and provide some insurance to the court, a surety – someone who agrees to supervise an accused while on bail and promises a sum of money if the accused fails to appear in court, commits an offence, or breaches a condition of their release – is required. Despite a legal framework that stipulates a presumption of release on unconditional bail, sureties are presumed
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Qui était Denis Szabo, ce Hongrois fondateur de la criminologie québécoise ? Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Maurice Cusson
Le 13 octobre 2018, Denis Szabo, père de la criminologie au Québec mourait d’une pneumonie à Magog. Les criminologues se souviennent de lui avec émotion et gratitude : sans lui, la criminologie québécoise n’existerait peut-être pas. Il fut le fondateur de l’École de criminologie de Montréal, de l’Association internationale des criminologues de langue française et de plusieurs autres institutions. Esprit
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Not in My Backyard: Public Sex Offender Registries and Public Notification Laws Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Patrick Lussier, Jeff Mathesius
Abstract:In Canada, the community risk management strategy utilized does not include a publicly available sex offender registry. While there is a non-public national sex offender registry for police investigation purposes, in recent years, there has been ongoing pressure to import American sex offender registry and notification (SORN) laws in Canada. Such pressure has been supplemented by the emergence
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A Critical Analysis of Securities Crime in Canada Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (IF 1.657) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Bronwen Russell, Hongming Cheng
Abstract:Canada’s securities markets serve an important function by (a) enabling corporations to buy, sell, trade, or otherwise use securities to generate or maintain capital, and (b) encouraging investors to participate. Protecting these markets from crime is difficult. A dialectical analysis of the decisions, extending orders, orders, settlement agreements, and official news releases from the provincial