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HENRY DE LA BECHE’S 1829–1830 LITHOGRAPH, DURIA ANTIQUIOR Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 TOM SHARPE
ABSTRACT Duria antiquior [A more ancient Dorsetshire], the famous reconstruction of life in the early Jurassic seas of southern England by Henry Thomas De la Beche (1796–1855) was prepared in collaboration with William Buckland (1784–1856) as a watercolor and published as a lithograph in late 1829 or early 1830. Sales of the lithograph were intended to provide some financial assistance to the professional
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MINING, ALCHEMY, AND THE CHANGING CONCEPT OF MINERALS FROM ANTIQUITY TO EARLY MODERNITY Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 ISABEL BARTON
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes how the Western concept of minerals evolved over time. Greco-Roman philosophers saw minerals as a form of plant that yielded useful metals or medicines. Most of their data came from mines and focused on ore minerals, but medicinal uses were more highly regarded and were the principal intentional focus of early mineral literature. As mining waned in the early medieval period
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J. R. LOGAN AND THE ORIGIN OF THE TROPICAL INSELBERGS KNOWN AS NUBBINS (OR KNOLLS) Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 C. ROWLAND TWIDALE
ABSTRACT Pulau Ubin is located in the Johor Strait between the Malay Peninsula and Singapore Island. The topography shaped in a granitoid complex of Permo-Triassic age, comprises jungle covered and isolated blocky hills, a flat and marshy central valley floor, and a coastline in which grooved boulders are prominent. In papers published in 1847, 1849 and 1851 (but here reporting their content in modern
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ARTIST’S IRON-BASED NATURAL EARTH PIGMENTS OF TUSCANY (MONTE AMIATA VOLCANO, ITALY) Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 LUIGINA VEZZOLI,CLAUDIA PRINCIPE
ABSTRACT Among the artist’s iron-based natural earth pigments, the so-called terra di Siena (raw sienna), terra di Siena bruciata (burnt sienna) and terra d’ombra (umber) have been among the yellow-brown and reddish-brown earth pigments most widely used by Italian and European painters since the Renaissance. We present the history of discovery, designation, and production of these famous pigments,
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ON ‘RE-TREADING’ EARLY GEOLOGICAL FIELDWORK Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 MARTIN J. S. RUDWICK
ABSTRACT The method of ‘re-treading’ the fieldwork of past geologists is analogous to the method of ‘re-staging’ historically significant laboratory experiments. Neither provides any short cut to scientific or historical truth, nor grounds for celebrating or condemning the work of past scientists. Yet both can yield valuable insights into those scientists’ on-the-spot thinking, their reasoning and
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BRITISH MILITARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF MALTA, PART 2: THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1939–1945 Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 EDWARD P. F. ROSE
ABSTRACT During the Second World War, the central Mediterranean island of Malta was famously besieged by the Italian navy and intensively bombed by Italian and later German air forces, from June 1940 until Allied victory in North Africa in May 1943 brought an end to the siege. It was then scheduled as a staging post to support the Allied invasion of Sicily from North Africa in July 1943 and of mainland
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THE NEWBERRY-WHITTLESEY CONTROVERSY AND ITS PROTAGONISTS: BACKGROUND, ARGUMENTS, AND OUTCOME OF A BITTER FEUD Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 JOSEPH T. HANNIBAL
ABSTRACT In 1869 a bitter feud broke out between two preeminent Ohio geologists, John Strong Newberry (1822–1892), and Colonel Charles Whittlesey (1806–1886), beginning with the naming of Newberry as State Geologist for Ohio, a position that both had lobbied for. The two protagonists had much in common, including their interests in Ohio geology, but they also had different geological and class backgrounds
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A COMPLEMENTARY NOTE TO WELWITSCH’S MAP OF TRAVELLERS IN AFRICA Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 SARA ALBUQUERQUE,SILVIA F. de M. FIGUEIRÔA
ABSTRACT This note complements the article “Depicting the Invisible: Welwitsch’s Map of Travellers in Africa,” published earlier in Earth Sciences History (Albuquerque and Figueirôa 2018). The note contributes additional information concerning previously unknown names on the map that did not appear in the list of explorers in that earlier publication. The names of ten additional explorers have been
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A GENTLE GRADUALIST IN A CATASTROPHISTS’ WORLD: REINHOLD SEEMANN’S TECTONIC THEORY OF RIES IMPACT CRATER (GERMANY) Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 MARTINA KÖLBL-EBERT
ABSTRACT The German geologist Reinhold Seemann (1888–1975), curator at the Wurttemberg natural history collections in Stuttgart, focussed most of his scientific work on the younger Tertiary north of the Alps. After 1936 he became especially interested in the Nordlinger Ries, an enigmatic geological structure in Southern Germany, which at that time was considered by most geologists to have originated
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THE FAR SHOALS OF NEPTUNISM: WILLIAM H. KEATING AND THE ST. PETER SANDSTONE IN THE AMERICAN MIDWEST Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 GREG A. BRICK
ABSTRACT William H. Keating (1799–1840) served as mineralogist on Major Stephen H. Long’s 1823 expedition to the source of the St. Peter’s (Minnesota) River, concluding, on the basis of grain shape, that the St. Peter Sandstone, at what was later to be its type section, Fort Snelling, in the state of Minnesota, was a chemical precipitate from seawater. This appears to be an echo of the Neptunist teachings
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LETTERS FROM THE PRESIDENT, TREASURER, SECRETARY AND EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Renee M. Clary,David Spanagel,Michael S. Smith,John Diemer
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BRITISH MILITARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF MALTA, PART 1: NINETEENTH CENTURY FOUNDATIONS Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 EDWARD P. F. ROSE
Malta, an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, was fortified as a base for the Knights Hospitaller 1530–1798 and to provide major harbours for the British Royal Navy after 1813. Men with British military associations (all subsequently to attain some distinction in public and/or academic life) were amongst the many pioneers of Maltese geology who established the essence of its outcrop stratigraphy
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EDUARD SUESS AND PALAEONTOLOGY: HIS ILLUSTRATIONS Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 A. M. C. ŞENGÖR
The very first scientific paper by the great Austrian geologist Eduard Suess (1831–1914), the dean of geologists internationally during his lifetime, treats the graptolites of Bohemia (the ‘Barrandian’). This paper and most of his subsequent papers on palaeontology are accompanied by superb drawings of his observations in which Suess took great care not to insert himself between Nature as he perceived
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CONTENTS, LETTERS FROM THE PRESIDENT, TREASURER, SECRETARY AND EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Renee Clary,David Spanagel,Michael S. Smith,John Diemer
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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MUSEUM IN ANTEBELLUM U.S. WESTERN TERRITORIAL EXPLORATION: PART 2. THE ROLES OF HAYDEN AND MEEK IN A PARADIGM SHIFT IN GEOLOGIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 JOSEPH H. HARTMAN
Established under the antebellum leadership of Joseph Henry and Spencer Baird, the respect given the Smithsonian Institution had far-reaching effects on budding geological careers and the conservation and curation of fossils at national and state levels. Specifically, F. V. Hayden received sufficient perceived encouragement in his geological and natural history endeavors to prevail under no less than
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THE “WORLD’S GREATEST MINERAL LOCALITY”: HAIǁOM, NDONGA, HERERO, AND THE EARLY COLONIAL HISTORIES OF TSUMEB, NAMIBIA Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 SELBY HEARTH
The Tsumeb copper mine in the Otavi Mountains of Namibia is famous both for its spectacular mineral specimens and for its unparalleled diversity of mineral species. The site was mined for nearly 100 years, first by Anglo-German and then by multinational companies; however, prior to that, the site was central to the economies of the Ndonga, Haiǁom, and Herero, who mined, smelted, crafted, and traded
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THE HISTORY OF MINERALOGY AND GEMOLOGY IN IRAN Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 MOHAMMAD YAZDI
Iran is home to some of the world’s earliest civilizations. The Ashkanian dynasty (550–330 BCE) unified Iran as a superpower empire. It was the largest empire yet seen and the first world empire where the Great Cyrus ruled from the Balkans to North Africa and Central Asia. Subsequently, Iran was invaded by the Macedonians, Arabs, Turks and the Mongolians over the course of its history. During those
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LEONARDO DA VINCI’S AND NICOLAUS STENO’S GEOLOGY Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 GIAN BATTISTA VAI
Anniversaries for the two founding fathers of geology occurring in the same year prompted a comparative evaluation of how the two contributed to establishing the basic principles of the discipline. To do so, passages from their publications, codices and manuscripts have been quoted directly. The Stenonian principles (‘original horizontality’, ‘original continuity’, and ‘superposition of individual
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WESTERN EXPLORERS AND VOLCANIC HEAT IN HAWAIʻI Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 ALICE KIM,NICOLE C. LAUTZE
This paper is the first to compile the accounts of Western explorers to Hawai‘i who used volcanic heat. During the 1800s, Western explorers used volcanic heat when climbing and surveying Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes in Hawai‘i. The explorers cooked food on steam vents and lava streams. They drank condensed water from volcanic steam and bathed in a warm basin and warm springs. They warmed themselves
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PLATE TECTONICS IN PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS: FROM THE 1960s TO THE 1980s Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 BENTO CAVADAS
Plate tectonics caused a revolution within earth sciences which then was transposed into science textbooks. The main objective of this paper is to explore how plate tectonics influenced Portuguese and Spanish science textbooks published from the 1960s through the 1980s. For this purpose, a qualitative method based on the concept of didactic transposition is used. The didactic transposition of seafloor
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EARLY THEORIES AND PRACTICALITIES ON GOLD OCCURRENCE IN AUSTRALIA Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 KENNETH G. McQUEEN
The discovery of gold in Australia forced many changes to theory on the occurrence and origin of gold deposits. Initial discoveries appeared to confirm existing ideas on the global distribution of gold-bearing terrains. Later discoveries and research would show that this confirmation was largely coincidental, but nevertheless helpful in early prospecting. Prior to the first Australian gold rush, theoretical
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INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE COSMOVISION OF THE MAPUCHE NATIVE PEOPLE IN SOUTH CENTRAL CHILE Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 C.A. BASTÍAS,R. CHARRIER,C.V. MILLACURA,L. AGUIRRE,F. HERVÉ,M.A. FARÍAS
We present an interpretation of how natural geological and meteorological events influenced the cosmovision of the Mapuche people from south-central Chile. These events resulted from the geodynamic conditions and related processes occurring along the South American active continental margin and the climatic conditions in the region. Their influence on the Mapuche cosmovision is clearly reflected in
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THE FRENCH FOUNDATIONS OF HUTTON’S THEORY OF THE EARTH, PART TWO: HUTTON’S DEBTS TO ROUELLE Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 GREGORY F.W. TODD
This contribution, in two parts, addresses a long-standing problem in the history of geology: Was the geological theory of James Hutton derived inductively from observations and scientific knowledge, or was it derived a priori as a speculative system? Hutton’s own writings do little to clarify the question, and the conflict in interpretations has remained at an impasse. This contribution proposes to
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MAGMATOLOGICAL TECTONICS: ALFRED RITTMANN’S PARADIGM Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DANIELE MUSUMECI,STEFANO BRANCA,LUIGI INGALISO
ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to present the life and research of Alfred Rittmann (1893–1980). He was an Earth scientist in the broadest sense: a petrographer, mineralogist, magmatologist, tectonist, geodynamicist, planetologist, volcanologist and, what is more, a philosopher of geosciences. He is considered the founder of contemporary, volcanology by combining in his interdisciplinary research
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A SHORT HISTORY OF PALEONTOLOGY IN TURKEY, PART II: PALEONTOLOGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 VOLKAN SARIGÜL
ABSTRACT Succeeding a period of wars and political turmoil, the reassuring policies of the new regime of Turkey positively influenced all branches of science, including geology which provided a basis for the earliest studies in paleontology, as it had done in the former Ottoman Turkey. Although most of the specialists were still foreigners during the early years of the republic, the government of Turkey
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A CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY: IS MARY ANNING (1799–1847) ACTUALLY WILLIAM BUCKLAND (1784–1856)? Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 TOM SHARPE
ABSTRACT It is proposed that a well-known and much-reproduced watercolour long held to show the Lyme Regis fossil dealer Mary Anning (1799–1847) in the field is most likely to be a sketch of Oxford geologist William Buckland (1784–1856). The artist, commonly said to be Anning’s friend Henry Thomas De la Beche (1796–1855), can be shown to be geologist and surveyor Thomas Sopwith (1803–1879). The location
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TOURISTS PLAY WITH LAVA AND VOLCANIC HEAT: KĪLAUEA VOLCANO’S EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS TO HAWAI‘I’S TOURISM INDUSTRY Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 ALICE KIM,NICOLE C. LAUTZE
ABSTRACT Kīlauea Volcano has attracted visitors to Hawai‘i throughout the history of Hawai‘i’s tourism industry. From the 1870s to the 1910s, Kīlauea offered the experience of using volcanic heat and molten lava to cook food, melt postcards onto cavern walls, enflame items, and obtain souvenirs including scorched postcards, rocks, olivine, and Pele’s hair. Writers shared their experiences in publications
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THE FRENCH FOUNDATIONS OF HUTTON’S THEORY OF THE EARTH, PART ONE: HUTTON AS A STUDENT OF GUILLAUME-FRANÇOIS ROUELLE Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 GREGORY F. W. TODD
ABSTRACT This contribution, in two parts, addresses a long-standing problem in the history of geology: Was the geological theory of James Hutton derived inductively from observations and scientific knowledge, or was it derived a priori as a speculative system? Hutton’s own writings do little to clarify the question, and the conflict in interpretations has remained at an impasse. This contribution proposes
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CLEMENTINE HELM BEYRICH (1825–1896), THE UNUSUAL CASE OF A WOMAN POPULARIZER OF THE GEOSCIENCES DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY IN CENTRAL EUROPE Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 BARBARA A. R. MOHR
ABSTRACT During the nineteenth century the role of women was very much restricted. In the geosciences, women were not able to study and thus even less able to publish. Here the work of one female writer is presented who, due to her upbringing in an intellectual family with close connections to the most celebrated scientists in Prussia/Germany, such as Alexander von Humboldt, the mineralogist Christian
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MORE THAN JUST A ROCK COLLECTION. THE METEORITE COLLECTION OF THE ITALIAN GEOLOGIST TEODORO MONTICELLI (1759–1845) Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 ANNARITA FRANZA,CARMELA PETTI,GIOVANNI PRATESI
ABSTRACT This paper is focused on the meteorite collection that belonged to the Italian naturalist and geologist Teodoro Monticelli (1759–1845). Today he is mainly remembered as both the author of books and essays on the volcanic activity of Mount Vesuvius and as the owner of a mineralogical cabinet of more than 16,000 specimens. Monticelli’s scientific activity as a meteorite collector is, however
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A SHORT HISTORY OF PALEONTOLOGY IN TURKEY, PART I: FROM THE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE COLLAPSE OF OTTOMAN TURKEY Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 VOLKAN SARIGÜL
ABSTRACT Modern paleontology in Turkey appeared in the early nineteenth century, together with the first modern geological studies. The fossils collected in these studies were initially used to establish biostratigraphy and to make the first geological maps of the country. Paleontologists were involved in these studies from the beginning; the earliest identifications of new animal and plant taxa from
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CANADIAN LINKS WITH BRITISH MILITARY GEOLOGY 1814 TO 1945 Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 EDWARD P. F. ROSE
ABSTRACT Military applications of geology became apparent within the United Kingdom during the nineteenth century, and were developed during the First World War and more extensively during the Second, incidentally by some officers with links to Canada. In the nineteenth century, three Royal Engineer major-generals with geological interests had served there briefly: Joseph Ellison Portlock (1794–1864)
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TRANSFORMING THE CHARACTER OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 KRISTAN COCKERILL
ABSTRACT Despite the long-understood variability in the Mississippi River, the upper portions of the river have historically received less attention than the lower reach and this culminated in the lower river dominating twentieth century river management efforts. Since the seventeenth century, there have been multiple tendencies in how the upper river was characterized, including relatively spare notes
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MARTIN GUNTAU (1933–2019), MINERALOGIST AND HISTORIAN OF SCIENCE Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 PETER SCHIMKAT
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SPIRITED METALS AND THE OECONOMY OF RESOURCES IN EARLY MODERN EUROPEAN MINING Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 TINA ASMUSSEN
ABSTRACT This article examines the perception and valuation of mineral resources in sixteenth and seventeenth-century European mining regions. It aims to critically review the utilitarian and anthropocentric view of mining and mineral resource production, circulation and consumption that is shaped by a long tradition of economic history and history of technology. To understand human relation to the
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“TO LOOK LIKE AN (EARTH) SCIENTIST”: SCIENCE POPULARIZATION AND PROFESSIONALIZATION BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF A PHOTO ALBUM DEDICATED TO THE VIENNESE GEOLOGIST EDUARD SUESS (1901) Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 JOHANNES MATTES
ABSTRACT Self-visualizations and portraits of scholars play a crucial role for the identity and understanding of scientific disciplines. According to sociological thoughts on visualization, reproduction and modern governance, the new media of photography policed and controlled specific ways of self-imaging, defining and behaving as a scientist. In addition, photography can also be understood as a powerful
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GIUSEPPE FOLGHERAITER: THE ITALIAN PIONEER OF ARCHAEOMAGNETISM Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 CLAUDIA PRINCIPE,JONAS MALFATTI
ABSTRACT The history of the science of archaeomagnetism conventionally starts in 1600 with the publication of William Gilbert's monumental work De Magnete, but the theoretical basis of this scientific field has to be positioned at the end of the nineteenth century. In Italy at that time, a number of scientists such as Giambattista Beccaria, Macedonio Melloni and Silvestro Gherardi, were working on
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THE ROYAL SCHOOL OF MINES: HENRY DE LA BECHE’S CONVERGENCE OF PROFESSIONALIZATION AND PUBLIC ADVOCACY Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 RENEE M. CLARY
ABSTRACT Several European countries instituted mining schools in the late 1700s, including France, Germany, Hungary, and Russia. However, since England’s mining industry was privatized with little government involvement, Great Britain was decades behind with the creation of a school of mines. In 1835, Henry De la Beche (1796–1855) became the first director of the Ordnance Geological Survey, precursor
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BRINGING WERNER’S TEACHINGS TO THE NEW WORLD: ANDRÉS MANUEL DEL RÍO AND THE CHAIR OF MINERALOGY IN THE SCHOOL OF MINES OF MEXICO (1795–1805) Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 FRANCISCO OMAR ESCAMILLA-GONZÁLEZ,LUCERO MORELOS-RODRÍGUEZ
ABSTRACT Professor Andrés Manuel del Río (1764–1849) taught mineralogy from 1795 to 1846 in the School of Mines of Mexico City. This institution was the first mining engineering school of the New World and it followed closely the educational model of the Freiberg Mining Academy, established in 1765 in Saxony. The geological sciences, in particular, were taught at the School of Mines using Abraham Gottlob
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‘HUMBOLDTIAN SCIENCE’ AND BEYOND. THE HUMBOLDTIAN WAY OF SEEING AND KNOWING IN VIENNA AND IN FRANZ UNGER’S AND FRIEDRICH SIMONY’S EARTH SCIENCES Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 MARIANNE KLEMUN
ABSTRACT This contribution builds on the notion of ‘Humboldtian Science’, coined by the American historian of science Susan F. Cannon who, in her book Science in Culture: The Early Victorian Period (1978), identifed a constellation of practices, strategies and ideas as typical of the research style of British naturalists during the nineteenth century. Cannon’s explanatory model has been widely accepted
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ETYMOLOGY IN THE EARTH SCIENCES: A CORRECTION Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 RICHARD J. HOWARTH
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SCENES WITH THE EARTH AS ACTOR: AGENCY AND THE EARLY-MODERN EARTH Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 JONATHAN REGIER
ABSTRACT This essay asks how several major figures of Renaissance and early-modern philosophy saw the Earth as agential. It argues that the Earth’s agency served as a well-articulated and fundamental concept in their philosophies. That is, figures like Giordano Bruno and Johannes Kepler conceived of the Earth’s agency such that it solved key problems in their cosmological systems. The essay is inspired
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SOUNDING THE DEPTHS OF PROVIDENCE: MINERAL (RE)GENERATION AND HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 FRANCESCO LUZZINI
ABSTRACT The genesis and growth of minerals, as well as the existence in ore veins of such organic features as ‘seeds’, ‘matrices’, and ‘nourishment’, remained central and recurrent issues for natural philosophers, technicians, alchemists and practitioners throughout early modern Europe. By providing an overview of the main themes, voices, and concurrent factors (scientific, philosophical, economic
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FOREWORD TO EARLY MODERN GEOLOGICAL AGENCY Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 TINA ASMUSSEN,PIETRO DANIEL OMODEO
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A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF GERMAN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN MEXICO AND ITS LOCAL COLLABORATORS (1824–1847) Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 LUZ F. AZUELA
ABSTRACT During the first half of the nineteenth century, foreign mining experts and entrepreneurs were attracted to invest in Mexico given its legendary mining industry wealth. At the time, the Mexican Government needed to increase foreign investment, especially in the mining industry, to overcome the financial impact of the war of Independence. In this context, collaboration between local and foreign
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INTRODUCTION TO “PAPERS FROM THE 2018 INHIGEO MEETING, MEXICO CITY” Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 LUZ F. AZUELA
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ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS FOR A FALLEN WORLD: JOHANN JAKOB SCHEUCHZER (1672–1733) AND THE BOUNDARIES OF HUMAN AGENCY Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 SARA MIGLIETTI
ABSTRACT This article traces the formation of a (self-)critical discourse around human environmental agency in early Enlightenment Europe, focusing on the Swiss naturalist Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672–1733) and the Royal Society milieus to which he was connected. In manuscript and printed writings, and particularly in his beautifully illustrated Physica sacra (1731–1735), Scheuchzer used a combination
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BENEDETTO CASTELLI’S CONSIDERATIONS ON THE LAGOON OF VENICE: MATHEMATICAL EXPERTISE AND HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY VENICE Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 PIETRO DANIEL OMODEO,SEBASTIANO TREVISANI,SENTHIL BABU
ABSTRACT This paper deals with the geoenvironmental politics of early-modern Venice as a case study of geological agency that enlightens the entanglements of geo-history and human history. It focuses on a controversy that was sparked by Galileo’s pupil Benedetto Castelli, as he claimed that his mathematical treatment of running waters could solve all of the most urgent problems linked to the management
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MONTE AMIATA VOLCANO (TUSCANY, ITALY) IN THE HISTORY OF VOLCANOLOGY, PART 1: ITS ROLE IN THE DEBATES ON EXTINCT VOLCANOES, SOURCES OF MAGMA, AND ERUPTIVE MECHANISMS (1733–1935) Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 LUIGINA VEZZOLI,CLAUDIA PRINCIPE
A review of the main contributions to the scientific literature between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries concerning the geology and volcanology of Monte Amiata volcano (Tuscany, central Italy) is presented. Monte Amiata, and the nearby volcano of Radicofani, are of great interest for the history of volcanology because they have the primacy of being the first to be recognized of volcanic origin
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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MUSEUM IN ANTEBELLUM U.S. WESTERN TERRITORIAL EXPLORATION: UNDERSTANDING THE RELEVANCE OF COLLECTING FOSSILS AND THEIR CONSERVATION TO SOLVING LONG-STANDING GEOLOGIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC PROBLEMS—PART 1 Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 JOSEPH H. HARTMAN
The determination of pivotal moments in the history of a discipline of science can depend on the perspective of the observer. This narrative notes the importance of antebellum institutions in foste...
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HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL GEOLOGY Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 ISKHAK FARKHUTDINOV, LEYLA FARKHUTDINOVA, ANASTASIYA ZLOBINA, ANVAR FARKHUTDINOV, IOSIF VOLFSON, IRINA MATVEENKO
The article examines the relationship between geology and human health from antiquity to today. The doctrine that man is a reflection of the universe was widespread in antiquity. In the Renaissance...
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EARLY HAWAIIANS AND VOLCANIC HEAT Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 ALICE KIM, NICOLE C. LAUTZE
This research serves as the first-known compilation of accounts of early Hawaiians using volcanic heat. Western explorers in the 1800s wrote about native Hawaiians near Kīlauea Volcano using volcan...
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A LOOK AT ‘PART OF SCOTLAND’ ON WILLIAM SMITH'S 1815 MAP Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 ROY W. MCINTYRE
William Smith's 1815 geological map A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales with Part of Scotland featured a hundred sites of economic activity in Scotland, such as lead mines, collieries ...
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HISTORY OF SEISMOLOGY IN CROATIA Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 SNJEŽANA MARKUŠIĆ, INES IVANČIĆ
The work of Andrija Mohorovicic (1857–1936) had a large impact on the development of seismology, both in Croatia and world-wide. This paper presents a chronological survey of the development of sei...
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CANADA'S FIRST KNOWN DINOSAURS: PALAEONTOLOGY AND COLLECTING HISTORY OF UPPER CRETACEOUS VERTEBRATES IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA AND SASKATCHEWAN, 1874–1889 Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 BRIGID E. CHRISTISON, DARREN H. TANKE, JORDAN C. MALLON
The early collecting history of dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates in Western Canada during the 1870s and 1880s is poorly documented. Initial finds were made by the British North American Bound...
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EDWARD HITCHCOCK'S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MASSACHUSETTS, 1830–1833 Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 ROBERT T. MCMASTER
From 1830 to 1833, Edward Hitchcock (1793–1864) of Amherst College conducted a geological survey of the state of Massachusetts, the first comprehensive government-sponsored survey in the United Sta...
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ETYMOLOGY IN THE EARTH SCIENCES: FROM ‘GEOLOGIA' TO ‘GEOSCIENCE’ Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 RICHARD J. HOWARTH
The origin and usage through time of geologia, geognosy, geogony, oryctognosy, geology and geophysics, as characterised by their frequency of occurrence in the Google Books Ngram Corpus, is discussed. The English, French, German, Italian and Spanish corpuses used in this study have been normalised over the same timespan using the average frequencies of occurrence of the same set of ‘neutral’ words
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A COMPARISON BETWEEN ‘PART OF SCOTLAND’ ON WILLIAM SMITH'S MAPS AND CONTEMPORARY MAPS OF SCOTLAND BY LOUIS-ALBERT NECKER AND JEAN-FRANÇOIS BERGER Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 ROY W. MCINTYRE
William Smith's 1815 geologic map A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales with Part of Scotland did not initially portray the stratum ‘Trap Rocks’. He did, however, include ‘Trap Rocks’ on...
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ROBERT H. DOTT, JR. (1929–2018), EARTH HISTORIAN AND HISTORIAN OF GEOLOGY1 Earth Sciences History (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-11-01 JOANNE BOURGEOIS