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Degrees of difference: Do college credentials earned behind bars improve labor market outcomes? Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Abby Ballou
It is widely held that providing postsecondary education programs to incarcerated individuals will improve postrelease labor market outcomes. Little research evidence exists, however, to support this view. To test the effect of postsecondary carceral education credentials on employer perceptions of hireability, the current study uses a factorial design to survey a sample of employers nationwide (N
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Homicides involving Black victims are less likely to be cleared in the United States Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Gian Maria Campedelli
Does a victim's race explain variation in the likelihood of homicide clearance? Attempts to address this issue date back to the 1970s. Yet, despite its theoretical and policy relevance, we lack a comprehensive and clear empirical answer to this critical question. Here, I causally focus on this problem by investigating racial disparity in homicide clearance in the United States, exploiting two sources
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When police pull back: Neighborhood-level effects of de-policing on violent and property crime, a research note Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Justin Nix, Jessica Huff, Scott E. Wolfe, David C. Pyrooz, Scott M. Mourtgos
Many U.S. cities witnessed both de-policing and increased crime in 2020, yet whether the former contributed to the latter remains unclear. Indeed, much of what is known about the effects of proactive policing on crime comes from studies that evaluated highly focused interventions atypical of day-to-day policing, used cities as the unit of analysis, or could not rule out endogeneity. This study addresses
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The problem with criminal records: Discrepancies between state reports and private-sector background checks Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Sarah Lageson, Robert Stewart
Criminal records are routinely used by employers and other institutional decision-makers who rely on their presumed fidelity to evaluate applicants. We analyze criminal records for a sample of 101 people, comparing official state reports, two sources of private-sector background checks (one regulated and one unregulated by federal law), and qualitative interviews. Based on our analysis, private-sector
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Officer diversity may reduce Black Americans’ fear of the police Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-12-03 Justin T. Pickett, Amanda Graham, Justin Nix, Francis T. Cullen
Would police racial and gender diversification reduce Black Americans’ fear of the police? The theory of representative bureaucracy indicates that it might. We tested the effects of officer diversity in two experiments embedded in a national survey that oversampled Black Americans, producing several findings. First, in early 2022, nearly 2 years after George Floyd's killing, most Black Americans remained
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Autonomy: A study of social exchange in a carceral setting Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Michael L. Walker
Marshaling ethnographic data from a county jail, this study introduces “autonomy”—a novel concept and measurement of the degree to which an actor's exchange initiations are regulated by other exchange relations. This study rearticulates mutual dependence arguments about the social order of penological living in terms of social exchange theory and offers several innovations: 1) the structural forms
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Updating, subtyping, and perceptions of the police: Implications of police contact for youths’ perceptions of procedural justice Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Dale Dan-Irabor, Lee Ann Slocum, Stephanie A. Wiley
Individuals enter police encounters with expectations about how these interactions will unfold. These expectations are often rooted in racialized personal, vicarious, and collective experiences with the police. Bayesian updating posits that the way youth perceive treatment by the police during stops and arrests combines with prior expectations and perceptions to shape current views of the law, whereas
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Transphobic discourse and moral panic convergence: A content analysis of my hate mail Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Allyn Walker
Recently, new social anxieties about transgender people have begun to emerge, framed as an issue of “grooming”—a term typically used in the context of child sexual abuse. In this way, moral panic about transgender people seems to be merging with oft-repeated social fears about pedophilia, resulting not only in policies criminalizing trans people and their allies but also in escalating hatred and threats
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Streetwork at the crossroads: An evaluation of a street gang outreach intervention and holistic appraisal of the research evidence Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-10-22 David M. Hureau, Anthony A. Braga, Tracey Lloyd, Christopher Winship
Spurred by the success of public health violence interventions, and accelerated by policy pressure to reduce violence without exacerbating overpolicing and mass incarceration, streetwork programs—those that provide anti-violence services by neighborhood-based workers who perform their work beyond the walls of parochial institutions—have positioned themselves as the most important non–law-enforcement
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Delinquency, unstructured socializing, and social change: The rise and fall of a teen culture of independence Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-10-22 D. Wayne Osgood
This article delves into the connections between time trends in unstructured socializing and other dramatic changes in adolescence since the 1950s. Osgood et al.’s (1996) individual-level application of routine activity theory proposed that unstructured socializing contributes to crime by exposing people to situations conducive to deviance, and a large body of research supports this idea. Unstructured
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Support seeking, system avoidance, and citizenship: Social safety net usage after incarceration Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Brielle Bryan
Scholars have long described the American penal state and welfare state as joined by a common logic of social marginalization. But researchers have only recently begun to explore how the individuals who pass through the carceral system also interact with welfare state programs. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, in this article, I explore how formerly incarcerated individuals
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The long arm of the gang: Disengagement under gang governance in Central America Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-09-17 José Miguel Cruz, Jonathan D. Rosen, Yemile Mizrahi
Institutionalized gangs are youth groups that have developed the ability to persist, expand, and restructure organizationally around criminal activities and have imposed their norms and behavioral prescriptions on the communities where they operate. So how does a gang member manage to leave these groups and abandon violent crime? This article proposes a new theoretical model of gang disengagement based
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“The roughest form of social work:” How court officials justify bail decisions Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-09-17 Alix S. Winter, Matthew Clair
Growing research has analyzed quantitative patterns of bail decisions and outcomes, but we know far less about how court officials justify their bail decisions. To enhance understanding of how bail decisions—and their resulting pretrial outcomes—are generated, we interviewed 104 judges, prosecutors, and public defenders in a northeastern state. Court officials in our study reported three primary justifications
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“Even though we're married, I'm single”: The meaning of jail incarceration in romantic relationships Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Kristin Turney, Katelyn Rose Malae, MacKenzie A. Christensen, Sarah Halpern-Meekin
Jail incarceration substantially transforms romantic relationships, and incarceration may alter the commitment between partners, thereby undermining or strengthening relationships. In this article, we use in-depth interviews with 85 women connected to incarcerated men (as current or former romantic partners) to explore how women articulate relationship changes that stem from their partner's jail incarceration
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Labeling effects of initial juvenile justice system processing decision on youth interpersonal ties* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Zachary R. Rowan, Adam Fine, Laurence Steinberg, Paul J. Frick, Elizabeth Cauffman
The juvenile justice system can process youth in myriad ways. Youth who are formally processed, relative to being informally processed, may experience more public and harsh sanctions that label youth more negatively as “deviant.” Drawing on labeling theory, the current study evaluates the relative effect of formal justice system processing on the interpersonal dynamics of youth peer networks. Using
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Criminal record stigma, race, and neighborhood inequality Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-07-15 Laura M. DeMarco
Justice-involved people experience high levels of housing instability and residential mobility, making the housing search a recurrent part of life. Little is known, however, regarding how criminal record stigma functions in the rental housing market. This article examines how housing providers use criminal records to screen tenants in the rental housing market and whether it varies by type of neighborhood
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Correctional officers and the use of force as an organizational behavior Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 William J. Schultz
During the past 30 years, bureaucratic managerialism has reshaped how prison staff maintain order. Policies and graduated disciplinary models have replaced coercive methods, reducing disciplinary use of force by prison staff against incarcerated people. Managerialism, however, disguises deep problems in the interpretation and enforcement of use-of-force policies. Drawing on 131 semistructured interviews
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How to overcome the cost of a criminal record for getting hired Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Mateus R. Santos, Chae M. Jaynes, Danielle M. Thomas
Many theories emphasize how employment is protective against criminal recidivism, yet a criminal record is a major barrier for getting hired. We asked 591 managers to make hypothetical hiring decisions between two applicants whose key difference was the presence or absence of a criminal conviction. In addition, we randomly manipulated the education, references, wage, or experience of the applicant
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System management and compensatory parenting: Educational involvement after maternal incarceration Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Amelia R. Branigan, Rachel Ellis, Wade C. Jacobsen, Anna R. Haskins
Research has demonstrated that paternal incarceration is associated with lower levels of educational involvement among fathers and primary caregivers, but little is known regarding caregiver educational involvement when mothers have been incarcerated. In this study, we present the first analysis of variation in school- and home-based educational involvement by maternal incarceration history, pairing
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Racial and ethnic differences in the consequences of school suspension for arrest Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Benjamin W. Fisher, Alex O. Widdowson
A growing body of literature has demonstrated that when schools suspend students, the suspension acts not as a deterrent but as an amplifier of future punishment. Labeling theory has emerged as the predominant explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting that the symbolic label conferred along with a suspension shapes how other people perceive and respond to labeled students. Few studies, however, have
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Revisiting the relationship between age, employment, and recidivism Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-06-05 Holly Nguyen, Kyle J. Thomas, Jennifer J. Tostlebe
Employment theoretically serves as a source of informal social control that can promote desistance from crime (Sampson & Laub, 1993). Findings from studies assessing the effects of employment, however, have been mixed. In a seminal study, Uggen (2000) reanalyzed data from the National Supported Work (NSW) Demonstration Project and found that employment significantly reduced the rate of recidivism among
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Settling institutional uncertainty: Policing Chicago and New York, 1877–1923 Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-05-25 Johann Koehler, Tony Cheng
We show how both the Chicago Police Department and the New York Police Department sought to settle uncertainty about their propriety and purpose during a period when abrupt transformations destabilized urban order and called the police mandate into question. By comparing annual reports that the Chicago Police Department and the New York Police Department published from 1877 to 1923, we observe two
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Coerced work during parole: Prevalence, mechanisms, and characteristics Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-05-21 Dallas Augustine
Coerced work on parole occurs when people are required to work under the threat of criminal legal repercussions. In the face of barriers to “good” work for people after prison, coercion helps to funnel parolees into positions at the bottom of the labor market. Parolee workers in these positions experience issues common to precarious, low-wage work (low pay, hazardous working conditions, and labor law
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What is “prison culture”? Developing a theoretical and methodological foundation for understanding cultural schema in prison Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Jacob T. N. Young, Travis J. Meyers, Stephanie J. Morse
What does it mean to say that a prison has a “culture?” Scholars have long emphasized the presence of a “prison code” and, more recently, a “racial code” as salient cultural domains in men's prisons. Yet, even though most people intuitively understand what is meant by “prison culture,” little progress has been made regarding the conceptualization and operationalization of culture as an analytical construct
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The “war on cops,” retaliatory violence, and the murder of George Floyd* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Michael Sierra-Arévalo, Justin Nix, Scott M. Mourtgos
The police murder of George Floyd sparked nationwide protests in the summer of 2020 and revived claims that public outcry over such high-profile police killings perpetuated a violent “war on cops.” Using data collected by the Gun Violence Archive (GVA) on firearm assaults of U.S. police officers, we use Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) modeling to empirically assess if and how patterns of firearm
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Neighborhoods of last resort: How landlord strategies concentrate violent crime Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Henry Gomory, Matthew Desmond
Studies of crime hot spots have argued that landlords’ management styles, specifically their tenant screening and property monitoring techniques, affect crime. These studies, however, have rarely considered the political–economic contexts in which these actions take place: specifically, how landlords’ behaviors are shaped by, and themselves reproduce, larger rental market structures. Drawing on data
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Racial attitudes and belief in redeemability: Most Whites believe justice-involved Black people can change Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Leah C. Butler, Francis T. Cullen, Velmer S. Burton
Public belief in redeemability reduces punitiveness and increases support for policy measures such as rehabilitation, expungement, and housing and employment opportunities. Although racial attitudes are known to influence a wide range of criminal justice policy opinions, their effects on beliefs about redeemability and condemnation have not been fully explored. Using data from a 2019 YouGov survey
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The “STICKINESS” of stigma: Guilt by association after a friend's arrest Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Erin Tinney
Prior research has examined the consequences of one's police contact, but the consequences of vicarious police contact are not as well known. This study expands on labeling theory and the concept of “stickiness” by assessing whether a friend's arrest increases the likelihood of one's police contact. Using a sample of rural youth (N = 13,170), I find that a friend's arrest is associated with an increase
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Effect of racial misclassification in police data on estimates of racial disparities Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-03-22 Ayobami Laniyonu, Samuel T. Donahue
Research on race and policing increasingly draws upon data collected by police officers to estimate racial disparities in police contact. Many of these data sets, however, rely on officer perception of a stopped person's race, which may be inconsistent with how those individuals self-identify. Furthermore, researchers frequently benchmark contact data where race is perceived by police officers against
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The future of crime data Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Janet L. Lauritsen
Criminology lacks sufficient data for many types of crime that are of great concern to society. This lack of data poses significant problems for determining whether resources are adequate for responding to these crimes or whether programmatic, legislative, or target-hardening efforts to prevent or reduce their occurrence are effective. Inadequate data about crime also produces a selective and incomplete
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Unpredictable and monetized contact with the police: Race, avoidance behaviors, and modified activity spaces Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-02-12 Andrea Giuffre, Beth M. Huebner
Exponential growth in order maintenance policing and associated misdemeanor sanctions have led to disproportionate consequences for people of color. Using data from qualitative interviews with individuals in the metropolitan St. Louis, Missouri, region, the current study documents the racialized and monetized nature of police contact. This work extends extant scholarship by considering how minor contact
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“That shit doesn't fly”: Subcultural constraints on prison radicalization Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2023-01-10 Sandra M. Bucerius, William Schultz, Kevin D. Haggerty
Many observers describe prison subcultures as inherently and irredeemably antisocial. Research directly ties prison subcultures to violence, gang membership, and poor reintegration. In extreme cases, research has also suggested that prison subcultures contribute to incarcerated people joining radical groups or embracing violent extremist beliefs. These claims, however, ignore key differences in the
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Value orientations, life transitions, and desistance: Assessing competing perspectives Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Kyle J. Thomas, Holly Nguyen, Erica P. Jackson
Laub and Sampson (2003) and Paternoster and Bushway (2009) offered opposing explanations of desistance from crime. Yet, extant research has failed to test the key theoretical differences that distinguish these perspectives: 1) the temporal ordering of internal changes in identity/values and life transitions and 2) the impact of values/life transitions on offending conditional on key predictors from
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Comparing deep-end confinement in England & Wales and Norway Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-12-05 Ben Crewe, Julie Laursen, Kristian Mjåland
Extreme forms of custody represent the boundary points of state power. The configuration of the most restrictive corners of prison systems, and what goes on within them, is highly instructive in exposing the objectives, limits, and implications of state coercion at its most severe. Based on data collected in England & Wales and Norway, this article has two main aims. The first is to explore the degree
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Situational factors and police use of force across micro-time intervals: A video systematic social observation and panel regression analysis Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-10-29 Eric L. Piza, Nathan T. Connealy, Victoria A. Sytsma, Vijay F. Chillar
The current study analyzes police use of force as a series of time-bound transactions between officers, civilians, and bystanders. The research begins with a systematic social observation of use-of-force events recorded on police body-worn cameras in Newark, New Jersey. Researchers measure the occurrence and time stamps for numerous participant physical and verbal behaviors. Data are converted into
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When men fight with women (versus other men): Limited offending during disputes Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-10-27 Richard B. Felson, Mark T. Berg, Ethan M. Rogers, Andrew T. Krajewski
What transpires in a dispute, even a violent dispute, is affected by the tendency for adversaries to engage in “limited offending.” We focus on one restraint: the tendency of men to limit their aggression in their disputes with women. Analyses are based on an incident-level survey about interpersonal disputes administered to 503 men who are incarcerated and 220 men who had never been incarcerated.
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“If it don't kill you, it'll take away your life”: Survival strategies and isolation in a long-running gun conflict Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-10-19 Tom Wooten
Gun violence in the United States often spurs long-running conflicts, but little is known about how individuals involved in these conflicts cope with the lingering threat of being shot. Drawing on an in-depth ethnographic case study of one young man's long-running gun conflict in New Orleans, as well as on interviews and fieldwork with other young men in his social network who dealt with similar conflicts
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Changing contexts: A quasi-experiment examining adolescent delinquency and the transition to high school Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-10-17 Brittany N. Freelin, Cassie McMillan, Diane Felmlee, D. Wayne Osgood
In a quasi-experiment, we examine whether changing schools during the transition from 8th to 9th grade influences adolescent delinquency, using a sample of more than 14,000 students in 26 public school districts (PROSPER study). The dataset follows students for eight waves from 6th through 12th grade and facilitates a unique, direct comparison of students who change schools with those who remain in
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Police legitimacy regimes and the suppression of citizen oversight in response to police violence Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-09-28 Theresa Rocha Beardall
A lack of formal accountability in the aftermath of police violence against communities of color has long fueled public demands for increased police oversight. Yet, little is known about how interorganizational relationships affect citizen complaint investigations once citizen review boards (CRBs) are established. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, and archival sources about the Syracuse
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“[It's] what you do after the mistake that counts”: Positive employment credentials, criminal record stigma, and potential pathways of mediation Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-09-12 Megan Denver, Samuel E. DeWitt
The findings from prior research indicate that positive credentials, or documentation of prosocial accomplishments, can vary in strength and perceived value in mitigating aversions to hiring individuals with criminal records. In the current study, we examine why certain types of positive credentials may be more influential in reducing stigma than others. Using data from a nationwide survey of American
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More immigrants, less death: An analysis of immigration effects on county-level drug overdose deaths, 2000–2015 Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-09-04 Ben Feldmeyer, Diana Sun, Casey T. Harris, Francis T. Cullen
Public and political discourse has routinely suggested that immigration is linked to higher community levels of violence and drug problems. In contrast to these claims, research has consistently shown that immigration is not associated with greater violence at the macro level. However, few studies have examined the links between immigration flows and community drug problems. The current study seeks
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Race, work history, and the employment recidivism relationship Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-08-30 Simon G. Kolbeck, Paul E. Bellair, Steven Lopez
Recent studies have found that race, work history, postprison employment, and recidivism are intertwined, suggesting that race and work history may shape the employment–recidivism relationship in nuanced, yet underexplored ways. Additionally, the literature has yet to settle on what kinds of employment patterns matter most for recidivism. These issues are especially important to resolve given contemporary
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Procedural justice, legal orientations, and gang membership: Testing an alternative explanation to understand the gang–misconduct link Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Jennifer J. Tostlebe, David C. Pyrooz
A top priority of prison authorities is maintaining a safe and orderly institutional environment. Gangs are believed to impede this objective, warranting bespoke policies and practices. Drawing on the process-based model of regulation, we depart from orthodox explanations for the gang–misconduct link and argue that gang affiliates are treated less fairly than nongang affiliates owing to suppression-oriented
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Mental health disparities in solitary confinement Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-07-23 Jessica T. Simes, Bruce Western, Angela Lee
Harsh prison conditions have been widely examined for their effects on the mental health of incarcerated people, but few studies have examined whether mental health status exposes individuals to harsh treatment in the penal system. With prisoners confined to their cells for up to 23 hours each day, often being denied visitors or phone calls, solitary confinement is an important case for studying harsh
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Structural predictors of choice: Testing a multilevel rational choice theory of crime Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-07-04 Kyle J. Thomas, Eric P. Baumer, Thomas A. Loughran
Extant research has provided support for the micro-level predictions of rational choice models of crime. Yet, a central feature of the rational choice perspective in the broader social sciences—that it is multilevel in focus, situating individuals within broader community social structures—has been neglected within criminology. In this article, we discuss and test a model that links community structural
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Improving or declining: What are the consequences for changes in local crime?* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 John R. Hipp, Xiaoshuang Iris Luo
Whereas existing ecology of crime research frequently uses a cross-sectional design, an open question is whether theories underlying such studies will operate similarly in longitudinal research. Using latent trajectory models and longitudinal data in half-mile egohoods from the Southern California region over a 10-year period (2000–2010), we explore this question and assess whether the changes in key
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Gender equality and the shifting gap in female-to-male prison admission rates* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-05-09 Heather McLaughlin, Sarah K. S. Shannon
Although women have made dramatic gains toward equality with men over the past century, this progress has occurred alongside tremendous growth in U.S. incarceration rates. Extending prior research on sex differences in offending, we turn our attention to punishment by exploring how gender equality in education, work, and politics is associated with disparities in annual prison admissions. Using pooled
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Damned if you do, damned if you don't: How formerly incarcerated men navigate the labor market with prison credentials* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-03-11 Sadé L. Lindsay
Although employment is central to successful reentry, formerly incarcerated people struggle to find work because of criminal stigma, poor education, and sparse work histories. Prison credentials are proposed as one solution to alleviate these challenges by signaling criminal desistance and employability. Evidence regarding their efficacy, however, is inconsistent. In this article, I develop a novel
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Personality pathways to aggression: Testing a trait-state model using immersive technology Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-03-06 Jean-Louis van Gelder, Reinout E. de Vries, Iris van Sintemaartensdijk, Tara Donker
Trait-state models aim to provide an encompassing view of offender decision-making processes by linking individual dispositions to proximal factors. In an experiment using an immersive virtual reality bar fight scenario, we propose and test a trait-state model that identifies the pathways through which robust personality correlates of aggressive behavior, that is, agreeableness, emotionality, and honesty-humility
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“We keep the nightmares in their cages”: Correctional culture, identity, and the warped badge of honor* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Ethan M. Higgins, Justin Smith, Kristin Swartz
Correctional scholarship has demonstrated concern over the dehumanizing implications of the carceral state for incarcerated people. This concern has been paralleled by an interest in understanding the work of prison staff and how correctional subculture may play an active role in prison dehumanization. By drawing from focus groups from all prisons in one state, we investigate how correctional staff
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Collective efficacy and the built environment* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Charles C. Lanfear
Collective efficacy is a prominent explanation for neighborhood crime concentrations. Just as crime is concentrated in particular neighborhoods, within-neighborhoods crime is concentrated in particular criminogenic locations. Research suggests criminogenic locations are determined by features of the built environment. This study links collective efficacy with situational opportunity to propose that
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Social order and social justice: Moral intuitions, systemic racism beliefs, and Americans’ divergent attitudes toward Black Lives Matter and police Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Eric Silver, Kerby Goff, John Iceland
We examine the influence of moral intuitions on Americans’ divergent attitudes toward Black Lives Matter (BLM) and police. Drawing on Moral Foundations Theory, we hypothesize that individualizing moral intuitions that put care and protection of the vulnerable at the center of moral concern (a social justice orientation) lead people to express positive feelings toward BLM and negative feelings toward
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In the shadow of 9/11: How the study of political extremism has reshaped criminology* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2021-12-08 Gary LaFree
White-collar crime and illegal political extremism share several characteristics with relevance to criminology. Neither is associated with lower socioeconomic status individuals, both involve perpetrators that rarely see themselves as criminal, and both face unique data challenges. Following Edwin Sutherland's influential research, the study of white-collar crime became a recognized specialization
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The price of a sex offense conviction: A comparative analysis of the costs of community supervision Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2021-12-06 Beth M. Huebner, Andrea Giuffre, Breanne Pleggenkuhle, Kimberly R. Kras
Monetary sanctions can expand the scope and depth of punishment. Most research on monetary sanctions has centered on fines and fees assessed by the court, but they are also routinely imposed as part of the probation and parole sentence. In this article, we draw on in-depth interview data from a sample of individuals under correctional supervision to document the often hidden costs of correctional control
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Sex, drugs, and coercive control: Gendered narratives of methamphetamine use, relationships, and violence Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2021-12-27 Heith Copes, Fiona Brookman, Jared Ragland, Blake Beaton
While many of the motives people provide for using drugs transcend gender, there are also notable gendered differences. These differences in motive talk aid in stigma management, shape gender performances, and can encourage or constrain behavior. Using data from a photoethnography with 52 people who use methamphetamine in rural Alabama, we find that men and women articulate their motives for drug use
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Unraveling mass incarceration: Criminology's role in the policy process* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-01-23 Daniel S. Nagin
In this address I argue that large reductions in unproductive and unjust uses of imprisonment requires curtailment of the over use of life imprisonment. I go on to discuss how criminologists should engage the policy process to achieve material reductions in prison populations by the accumulation of many incremental reductions in the overuse of incarceration.
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When guardians become offenders: Understanding guardian capability through the lens of corporate crime* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-01-17 Fiona Chan, Carole Gibbs
Recent developments in routine activities theory have sought to conceptualize the notion of capable guardianship, as well as to broaden the application of the theory to the corporate crime context. Building on this work with systematically collected qualitative data, we examine the mechanisms in which offenders commit corporate financial fraud and identify the failures in guardianship. In addition
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The American racial divide in fear of the police Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2022-01-08 Justin T. Pickett, Amanda Graham, Francis T. Cullen
The mission of policing is “to protect and serve,” but recent events suggest that many Americans, and especially Black Americans, do not feel protected from the police. Understanding police-related fear is important because it may impact civilians’ health, daily lives, and policy attitudes. To examine the prevalence, sources, and consequences of both personal and altruistic fear of the police, we surveyed
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“No idea whether he's Black, White, or purple”: Colorblindness and cultural scripting in prosecution* Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2021-12-06 R. R. Dunlea
Prosecutors maintain immense power over criminal case processing. Yet, they have not historically been a major target for reforms designed to foster equality and reduce racial disparity in criminal justice outcomes. Using in-depth interviews with 47 line prosecutors, this study explores how prosecutors think about race in criminal justice, and what they believe their role should be in addressing racial
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Police contact and future orientation from adolescence to young adulthood: Findings from the Pathways to Desistance Study Criminology (IF 6.667) Pub Date : 2021-11-24 Alexander Testa, Kristin Turney, Dylan B. Jackson, Chae M. Jaynes
In response to the changing nature of policing in the United States, and current climate of police–citizen relations, research has begun to explore the consequences of adolescent police contact for life outcomes. The current study investigates if and under what conditions police contact has repercussions for future orientation during adolescence and the transition into young adulthood. Using data from