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Alport syndrome and Alport kidney diseases - elucidating the disease spectrum. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Pongpratch Puapatanakul, Jeffrey H Miner
With the latest classification, variants in three collagen IV genes, COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5, represent the most prevalent genetic kidney disease in humans, exhibiting diverse, complex, and inconsistent clinical manifestations. This review breaks down the disease spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations of kidney diseases linked to genetic variants in these genes and distinguishes "classic"
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Prediction models for earlier stages of chronic kidney disease. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Mackenzie Alexiuk, Navdeep Tangri
Identifying patients with risk of developing progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) early is an important step in improving kidney care. This review discusses four recently developed models, two which predict risk of new onset disease, and two which predict progression earlier in the course of disease.
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A basic solution for a complex problem: does treatment of metabolic acidosis slow CKD progression? Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Kevin Bodker, Natalie Freidin, Nayan Arora
Metabolic acidosis is frequently encountered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with increasing prevalence as kidney function worsens. Treating electrolyte disturbances is the sine qua non of Nephrologists, and alkali therapy to normalize serum bicarbonate levels and slow progression of kidney disease has been embedded in clinical practice guidelines for decades on the basis of animal models
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APOL1 nephropathy - a population genetics success story. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Orly Tabachnikov, Karl Skorecki, Etty Kruzel-Davila
More than a decade ago, apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk alleles designated G1 and G2, were discovered to be causally associated with markedly increased risk for progressive kidney disease in individuals of recent African ancestry. Gratifying progress has been made during the intervening years, extending to the development and clinical testing of genomically precise small molecule therapy accompanied
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Has the time come for age-adapted glomerular filtration rate criteria to define chronic kidney disease: how soon is now? Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Gregory L Hundemer, Ayub Akbari, Manish M Sood
The conventional definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) primarily relies on the identification of albuminuria or a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). For many years, a straightforward eGFR threshold of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 has been widely adopted as the standard for defining CKD. Nonetheless, this criterion fails to consider the natural aging process of the kidney, and this oversight
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Emerging evidence for glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in slowing chronic kidney disease progression. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Michael W Holliday, Livia Frost, Sankar D Navaneethan
Diabetic kidney disease continues to increase, and several novel therapeutic agents have been shown to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease in those with diabetes. This review summarizes more recent data on the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and kidney outcomes.
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New therapies for immunoglobulin A nephropathy: what's the standard of care in 2023? Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Bryce Barr, Sean Barbour
As the most common primary glomerulonephritis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is an important cause of kidney failure and mortality. Until recently, therapeutic options were limited. Fortunately, there have been numerous recent clinical trials demonstrating efficacy of new therapies in slowing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression at varying stages of disease.
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Cystatin C should be routinely available for estimating kidney function. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Jennifer S Lees, June Fabian, Michael G Shlipak
In this report, we summarize why the availability of cystatin C is important across a variety of clinical scenarios, the recent literature on when, why and in whom cystatin C testing should be considered, and how nephrologists can take practical steps to incorporate cystatin C testing into their practice.
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Biopsy-based transcriptomics in the diagnosis of kidney transplant rejection. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Tristan de Nattes, Jack Beadle, Candice Roufosse
The last year has seen considerable progress in translational research exploring the clinical utility of biopsy-based transcriptomics of kidney transplant biopsies to enhance the diagnosis of rejection. This review will summarize recent findings with a focus on different platforms, potential clinical applications, and barriers to clinical adoption.
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Deep learning applications for kidney histology analysis. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Pourya Pilva, Roman Bülow, Peter Boor
Nephropathology is increasingly incorporating computational methods to enhance research and diagnostic accuracy. The widespread adoption of digital pathology, coupled with advancements in deep learning, will likely transform our pathology practices. Here, we discuss basic concepts of deep learning, recent applications in nephropathology, current challenges in implementation and future perspectives
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IgA vasculitis nephritis: insights from kidney biopsies. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Mark Haas
To present findings indicating the value of kidney biopsy in assessing prognosis and guiding clinical approach to patients with IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN), including a recent international study examining the value of the Oxford (MEST-C) classification.
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Novel indications for referral and care for simultaneous liver kidney transplant recipients. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Erik L Lum, Suphamai Bunnapradist, Alexander C Wiseman, Ahmet Gurakar, Antoney Ferrey, Uttam Reddy, Fawaz Al Ammary
Kidney dysfunction is challenging in liver transplant candidates to determine whether it is reversible or not. This review focuses on the pertinent data on how to best approach liver transplant candidates with kidney dysfunction in the current era after implementing the simultaneous liver kidney (SLK) allocation policy and safety net.
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New guidelines and therapeutic updates for the management of lupus nephritis. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Sheetal B Desai, Rebecca Ahdoot, Fatima Malik, Michele Obert, Ramy Hanna
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be a devastating condition, striking young patients often in their prime reproductive years. Lupus nephritis is a common and serious complication occurring in roughly 50% of SLE cases, indicating a high likelihood of disease progression, morbidity, and mortality. As the early trials of steroid therapy, and later cyclophosphamide (CYC), therapeutic changes had
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Clearing the air: a review of the effects of air pollution on dialysis outcomes. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Annika Spencer, Linda-Marie Lavenburg, Alison P Sanders, Ankur D Shah
An evolving body of literature indicates exposure to air pollutants is associated with adverse health outcomes in dialysis patients. As the prevalence of kidney disease increases, understanding the role of environmental agents on the health of dialysis patients is critical to reducing global morbidity and mortality.
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Dendritic cell epithelial sodium channel induced inflammation and salt-sensitive hypertension. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Mert Demirci, Antentor Hinton, Annet Kirabo
Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a critical role in renal electrolyte and volume regulation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of SSBP. This review describes recent advances regarding the role of ENaC-dependent inflammation in the development of SSBP.
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Onconephrology: mitigation of renal injury in chemotherapy administration. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Umut Selamet, Rebecca S Ahdoot, Reed Salasnek, Lama Abdelnour, Ramy M Hanna
Onconephrology was first coined as a name for the intersection of cancer medicine and nephrology in the early 2010s. It was recognized then that beyond and understanding of kidney physiology, a new generation of nephrologists skilled in both molecular biology and precision medicine were needed to deal with the challenges of emerging cancer therapies. Stem cell transplants, biologic agents, adjuvants
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Oh, My Gut! New insights on the role of the gastrointestinal tract and the gut microbiome in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Seyedeh Nooshan Mirmohammadali, Kathleen M Hill Gallant, Annabel Biruete
The aim of this review is to highlight recent evidence on the role of the gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiome on chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) outcomes, including intestinal phosphorus absorption and sensing, and the effect of gut-oriented therapies.
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The times they are K+-changin': bringing the potassium curriculum out of the 20th century. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Melanie P Hoenig, Stewart H Lecker, Jeffrey H William
Although most of the current medical education literature has focused on teaching strategies, little attention has been devoted to selecting appropriate course content. Despite elegant descriptions of physiologic mechanisms in recent decades, medical school curricula and students continue to rely on outdated textbooks and certification examination study aids composed to fit an antiquated exam blueprint
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Dialysis initiation for patients with decompensated cirrhosis when liver transplant is unlikely. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Amar D Bansal, Arpan A Patel
The purpose of this review is to describe an approach that emphasizes shared decision-making for patients with decompensated cirrhosis and acute kidney injury when liver transplantation is either not an option, or unlikely to be an option.
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Climate change and kidney health: an urgent call to action. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Ankur D Shah
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Tackling the intersectoral challenges in kidney diseases and transplantation: shared decision and realistic care for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for kidney diseases and transplantation. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Ekamol Tantisattamo,Ramy M Hanna,Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
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Thrombotic microangiopathy - the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Minh-Ha Tran, Samir Patel, Sheetal Desai, Stefan Ciurea, Benjamin J Lee, Ramy Hanna
The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) Team. This goal will be accomplished through review of the complement system, discuss various causes of thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA), and aspects of their diagnosis and management. In so doing, readers will gain an appreciation for the complexity of this family of disorders and
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Eryptosis: a driver of anemia in chronic kidney disease. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Rosi Bissinger,Syed M Qadri,Ferruh Artunc
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anemia, characterized by a reduction in red blood cell (RBC) count or hemoglobin concentration, commonly accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD), significantly impacting patients' quality of life. This review delves into the multifaceted nature of anemia in CKD, with a focus on novel mechanisms, particularly the dysregulation of eryptosis or programmed cell death of RBCs, leading
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Kidney function assessment in the geriatric population. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Abimereki Muzaale, Adnan Khan, Richard J Glassock, Ekamol Tantisattamoa, Rebecca S Ahdoot, Fawaz Al Ammary
Kidney function declines with normal aging. But it also declines with the progression of some diseases. This review calls for a more nuanced interpretation of kidney function in the geriatric population, who may have frailty and comorbidities.
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Let's stop talking about 'citrate toxicity'. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Avantika Israni, David S Goldfarb
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a vital medical intervention used in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). One of the key components of adequate clearance with CRRT is the use of anticoagulants to prevent clotting of the extracorporeal circuit. Regional citrate anticoagulation is the most often recommended modality. The term 'citrate toxicity' is used to describe potential
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A paradigm shift from office to home-based blood pressure measurement approaches in kidney transplant recipients. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Ekamol Tantisattamo, Antoney J Ferrey, Uttam G Reddy, Fatima T Malik, Man Kit Michael Siu, Fawaz Al Ammary, Wei Ling Lau
The unattended blood pressure (BP) readings from home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring should provide more accurate BP readings than attended BP obtained from office blood pressure (OBP). Here, we review evidence supporting the clinical utility of HBP and automatic remote monitoring of blood pressure (ARM-BP) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR).
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Predictive models in chronic kidney disease: essential tools in clinical practice. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Andrea Spasiano, Claudia Benedetti, Giovanni Gambaro, Pietro Manuel Ferraro
The integration of risk prediction in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is universally considered a key point of routine clinical practice to guide time-sensitive choices, such as dialysis access planning or counseling on kidney transplant options. Several prognostic models have been developed and validated to provide individualized evaluation of kidney failure risk in CKD patients. This review
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The genetics of cystinuria - an update and critical reevaluation. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Clàudia Abad Baucells, Ria Schönauer, Jan Halbritter
We aimed to critically evaluate how the establishment of genotype-based treatment for cystinuria has been hampered due to the large number of variants of unknown significance (VUS) within the disease causing genes as well as challenges in accessing a large enough sample size for systematic analysis of endpoint parameters that truly reflect disease severity. This review further discusses how to overcome
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Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and cardiorenal outcomes in kidney transplantation. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Gauranga Mahalwar, Roy O Mathew, Janani Rangaswami
This review aims to explore the current evidence regarding cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients who undergo treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) post kidney transplantation.
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Current approaches to overcome recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after kidney transplantation. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Syeda Behjat Ahmad,Yonatan Peleg,Wooin Ahn
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) presents with nephrotic syndrome shortly after kidney transplantation. This review will overview the role of circulating permeability factors in disease pathogenesis and treatment options for recurrent FSGS. RECENT FINDINGS Novel circulating permeability factors have been identified in serum samples. Current research is focused on
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Dietary protein intake and plant-dominant diets to mitigate risk of allograft dysfunction progression in kidney transplant recipients. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Ekamol Tantisattamo,Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There are limited studies on the benefits of low dietary protein intake (DPI) and plant-dominant diets to delay kidney allograft dysfunction. We evaluate evidence regarding the association or effects of the amount and type of DPI on allograft function. RECENT FINDINGS There is conflicting evidence regarding the benefits of low DPI and plant-dominant diet including PLADO and PLAFOND
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Roadmaps to green nephrology: a mediterranean point of view. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Mohamed Ben Hmida,Massimo Torreggiani,Nathan Berman-Parks,Mario Salomone,Giorgina Barbara Piccoli
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Green nephrology is a movement whose aim is to find ways to reduce the environmental impact of kidney care. The question is of particular concern in this field since haemodialysis is one of the major contributors to waste generation, energy use and water consumption in healthcare. Although several ways for improving sustainability have been advocated, they are all context sensitive
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Climate crisis and nephrology: a review of climate change's impact on nephrology and how to combat it. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Leonie Dupuis,Aarushi Varshney,Jason Patel,Shivam Joshi
Climate change is worsening with tangible effects on our healthcare system. This review aims to examine the repercussions of the climate change on nephrology and explore potential strategies to mitigate its impact. This review examines dialysis's environmental impact, resource recycling methods, and plant-based diets for kidney health. Recent research highlights the advantages of plant-based diets
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The climate impact of dialysis. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Elaine Phua, Yvonne Shen
A reciprocal relationship currently exists between climate change and healthcare, mutually influencing each other. There have been significant planetary shifts in recent decades, marked by escalating temperatures, frequent natural calamities, a disturbing surge in climate-linked fatalities, and a heightened incidence of kidney disease diagnoses.
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Kidney disease hotspots and water balance in a warming world. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Marimar Contreras Nieves, Angelina Powers, Shuchi Anand, Penny Vlahos
Geographically localized areas with a high prevalence of kidney disease exist currently in several regions of the world. Although the exact cause is unclear, environmental exposures accelerated by climate change, particularly heat exposure and ground water contamination, are hypothesized as putative risk factors. Aiming to inform investigations of water-related exposures as risk factors for kidney
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Novel pharmacological interventions for diabetic kidney disease. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Seng Kiong Tan, Jairo A Pinzon-Cortes, Mark E Cooper
The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest evidence on the prevention and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as well as novel pharmacological interventions from preclinical and early clinical studies with promising findings in the reduction of this condition's burden.
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Barriers to home dialysis and kidney transplantation for socially disadvantaged individuals. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Katherine Rizzolo, Jenny I Shen
People with kidney disease facing social disadvantage have multiple barriers to quality kidney care. The aim of this review is to summarize the patient, clinician, and system wide factors that impact access to quality kidney care and discuss potential solutions to improve outcomes for socially disadvantaged people with kidney disease.
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Multimodal approaches for inequality in kidney care: turning social determinants of health into opportunities. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Louise Purtell, Paul Bennett, Ann Bonner
Kidney disease is associated with major health and economic burdens worldwide, disproportionately carried by people in low and middle socio-demographic index quintile countries and in underprivileged communities. Social determinants such as education, income and living and working conditions strongly influence kidney health outcomes. This review synthesised recent research into multimodal interventions
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Heating up: climate change and the threat to human health. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Blaire Byg, Ankur D Shah
This review discusses the urgency of addressing human-caused climate change and its impacts on health and the environment.
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Genetic testing in the evaluation of recipient candidates and living kidney donors. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Brian K Lee, Christie P Thomas
The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the role of genetic testing in the evaluation of kidney transplant candidates and living donors who may be at risk for heritable kidney disease. We focus our discussion on monogenic diseases, excluding renal diseases that have complex polygenic influences. Adoption of new technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) with comprehensive gene
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Climate change and its influence in nephron mass. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-07 Ana Catalina Alvarez-Elias, Barry M Brenner, Valerie A Luyckx
The consequences of climate change, including heat and extreme weather events impact kidney function in adults and children. The impacts of climate change on kidney development during gestation and thereby on kidney function later in life have been poorly described. Clinical evidence is summarized to highlight possible associations between climate change and nephron mass.
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Combination therapy with kidney protective therapies: optimizing the benefits? Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Sradha Kotwal, Evan Perkovic, Vlado Perkovic
Recent advances in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have led to the development of several new agents that are kidney protective, particularly in people with diabetes. These agents include sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). This review summarizes the available
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Blood pressure targets in chronic kidney disease: still no consensus. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Bethany Lucas, Maarten W Taal
Despite a strong consensus that treatment of hypertension is fundamental to strategies seeking to slow chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and reduce the associated risk of cardiovascular events (CVE), controversy persists regarding optimal blood pressure (BP) targets. This article reviews the evidence for different targets, discusses associated controversies and suggests approaches to improve
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Climate change and kidney stones. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Grace Maline, David S Goldfarb
Kidney stones affect an increasing proportion of the population. We suggest that these trends are in part influenced by exposure to higher temperatures as a result of climate change and urbanization. The changing epidemiology of kidney stones is a topic worthy of discussion due to the economic and healthcare burden the condition poses as well as the quality-of-life disruption faced by individuals with
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Potential utility of renal functional reserve testing in clinical nephrology. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Thomas F Mueller,Valerie A Luyckx
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to discuss the concept of renal functional reserve (RFR) and its potential relevance in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS The RFR is a measure of the change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from baseline to a peak value when the kidney is stimulated to increase its function. This concept has a strong physiologic basis in nephrology and the presence, magnitude
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Renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension and kidney disease. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Miguel Camafort,Sang Hyun Ihm,Luis Miguel Ruilope
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is a condition characterized by increased sympathetic activity and the autonomic nervous system. Resistant hypertension, a condition with a prevalence of 10% to 20% in the general hypertensive population, is more likely to experience poor outcomes and adverse cardiovascular events. Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN), a minimally invasive, catheter-based percutaneous
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Identification and detection of microRNA kidney disease biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Daniel A Smith, James E Redman, Donald J Fraser, Timothy Bowen
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging rapidly as a novel class of biomarkers of major organ disorders, including kidney diseases. However, current PCR-based detection methods are not amenable to development for high-throughput, cost-effective miRNA biomarker quantification.
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Implications of climate change on acute kidney injury. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Natalie Freidin, Eily Hayes, Sarah A Struthers
Climate change is an active and growing threat to human health. This review examines the evidence linking climate change to kidney diseases, with a focus on acute kidney injury (AKI).
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Emerging strategies to reduce kidney function decline and improve cardiovascular outcomes. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Krishiv Ella,Sankar D Navaneethan
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Mitochondrial DNA - novel mechanisms of kidney damage and potential biomarker. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Afshan N Malik
MtDNA copy number (CN), a putative noninvasive biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, is associated with renal disease. The purpose of this review is to describe studies which measured human blood mtDNA-CN in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to evaluate its potential as a clinical biomarker of kidney disease.
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Exercise as a therapeutic intervention in chronic kidney disease: are we nearly there yet? Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Ellen M Castle, Roseanne E Billany, Courtney J Lightfoot, Coby Annema, Stefan De Smet, Matthew P M Graham-Brown, Sharlene A Greenwood
The opportunity to review the more recent evidence for prescribing exercise-based physical rehabilitation for people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is timely. There has been a recent global focus evaluating how physical activity interventions might improve health-related quality of life and outcomes for people living with chronic health conditions in a post-COVID era. There is finally a long
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Electronic alerts in acute kidney injury: why does evidence of benefit remain elusive? Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Kerry Horne, Rebecca Noble, Shivaali Karelia, Nicholas M Selby
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common syndrome characterized by a sudden reduction in kidney function. It is strongly associated with high mortality and longer, more expensive hospital stays. As AKI often presents silently, a lack of recognition can prevent recommended standards of care. Over the last decade or more, electronic alerts (eAlerts) for AKI have been studied and implemented to address this
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Matrikines in kidney ageing and age-related disease. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Alexander Eckersley,Tomohiko Yamamura,Rachel Lennon
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Matrikines are cell-signalling extracellular matrix fragments and they have attracted recent attention from basic and translational scientists, due to their diverse roles in age-related disease and their potential as therapeutic agents. In kidney, the matrix undergoes remodelling by proteolytic fragmentation, so matrikines are likely to play a substantial, yet understudied, role in
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Current opinion in quantitative lung ultrasound for the nephrologist. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Nathaniel Reisinger, Abhilash Koratala
Volume overload mediates worse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis (HD), leading to increased acute care utilization. Understanding the presence of pulmonary congestion, which is often clinically silent, could be instrumental in predicting acute care needs and mitigating risks through appropriate therapy. This review provides an overview of the existing
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Renal osteodystrophy: something old, something new, something needed. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Valentin David, Isidro B Salusky, Hartmut Malluche, Thomas L Nickolas
Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a complex disorder of bone metabolism that affects virtually all adults and children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). ROD is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including bone loss, mineralization and turnover abnormalities, skeletal deformities, fractures, cardiovascular events, and death. Despite current therapies, fracture incidence is 2-fold to 100-fold higher
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Does cooled dialysate still have a role in reducing intradialytic stress? Implications of the MyTEMP trial. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 Katherine L Hull, Chris McIntyre, James O Burton
There is an excess of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the maintenance haemodialysis population. Targeting traditional risk factors (e.g. hypercholesterolaemia) do not improve cardiovascular outcomes. Repeated myocardial stunning during haemodialysis is an important nontraditional risk, resulting in pathological cardiac remodelling and fibrosis. This review explores dialysate cooling as a
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Metabolomic profiles and pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Nicholas S Kowalczyk, Megan L Prochaska, Elaine M Worcester
Kidney stone disease is caused by supersaturation of urine with certain metabolites and minerals. The urine composition of stone formers has been measured to prevent stone recurrence, specifically calcium, uric acid, oxalate, ammonia, citrate. However, these minerals and metabolites have proven to be unreliable in predicting stone recurrence. Metabolomics using high throughput technologies in well
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Role of NCC in the pathophysiology of hypertension in primary aldosteronism. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-11 Germán Ricardo Magaña-Ávila, María Castañeda-Bueno
An increasing amount of evidence points out to a role for the thiazide-sensitive Na+:Cl- cotransporter, NCC, in the blood pressure alterations observed in conditions of pathologically high or pathologically low aldosterone. Here, we briefly review this evidence that is changing our perception of the pathophysiology of primary aldosteronism.
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Regulation of the WNK4-SPAK-NCC pathway by the calcium-sensing receptor. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 María Chávez-Canales, Janeth Alejandra García, Gerardo Gamba
Regulation of the sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) plays a crucial role in renal salt handling. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been shown to activate NCC through the WNK4-SPAK pathway, which is independent of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system. In this review, we examine new information about the mechanism of how the CaSR regulates NCC through
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The role of SLC16A11 variations in diabetes mellitus. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, María Teresa Tusie Luna
The aim of this study was to summarize the existing evidence that proves the association between an ethnic-specific SLC16A11 risk haplotype and type 2 diabetes found in the Latin American population.