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Identification of an IGHV3-53-Encoded RBD-Targeting Cross-Neutralizing Antibody from an Early COVID-19 Convalescent Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Yuanyuan Hu, Caiqin Hu, Shuo Wang, Li Ren, Yanling Hao, Zheng Wang, Ying Liu, Junwei Su, Biao Zhu, Dan Li, Yiming Shao, Hao Liang
Since November 2021, Omicron has emerged as the dominant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, and its sublineages continue to appear one after another, significantly reducing the effectiveness of existing therapeutic neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). It is urgent to develop effective NAbs against circulating Omicron variants. Here, we isolated receptor binding domain
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Comparison of the Clinical Manifestation of HPAI H5Nx in Different Poultry Types in the Netherlands, 2014–2022 Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Wendy J. Wolters, J. C. M. Vernooij, Thomas M. Spliethof, Jeanine Wiegel, Armin R. W. Elbers, Marcel A. H. Spierenburg, J. Arjan Stegeman, Francisca C. Velkers
This study describes clinical manifestations of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, H5N8 and H5N6 outbreaks between 2014 and 2018 and 2020 and 2022 in the Netherlands for different poultry types and age groups. Adult duck (breeder) farms and juvenile chicken (broiler and laying pullet) farms were not diagnosed before 2020. Outbreaks in ducks decreased in 2020–2022 vs. 2014–2018, but increased
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Revealing the Prevalence of Toxoplasma in Sierra Morena’s Wild Boar: An ELISA-Based Study Using Meat Juice Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 José María Castillo-Castillo, Pablo José Rufino-Moya, Álvaro Martínez-Moreno, Ángela Salvador Castaño, Francisco Javier Martínez-Moreno, Rafael Zafra Leva
This research work focused on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild boar from the Sierra Morena region. We conducted an ELISA analysis using meat juice samples. A total of 892 samples from six hunting seasons (2013–2019) were collected from the provinces that constitute the Sierra Morena Mountain range. These samples were analyzed using the Pigtype® ELISA kit, specifically developed for detecting
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Comparative Study of T-Cell Repertoires after COVID-19 Immunization with Homologous or Heterologous Vaccine Booster Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Filippos Filippatos, Thomas Bello, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, Athanasios Michos
Sequencing of the T-cell repertoire is an innovative method to assess the cellular responses after immunization. The purpose of this study was to compare T-cell repertoires after COVID-19 immunization with homologous (HOB) and heterologous (HEB) boosting. The study included 20 participants with a median age of 27.5 (IQR:23) years, who were vaccinated with one dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and were
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Valp1, a Newly Identified Temperate Phage Facilitating Coexistence of Lysogenic and Non-Lysogenic Populations of Vibrio anguillarum Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Manuel Arce, Guillermo Venegas, Karla Paez, Simone Latz, Paola Navarrete, Mario Caruffo, Carmen Feijoo, Katherine García, Roberto Bastías
Vibrio anguillarum is a pathogen for several fish and shellfish species. Its ecology is influenced by diverse factors, including bacteriophages. Here, we identify and characterize a new temperate bacteriophage (Valp1) of V. anguillarum. Valp1 is a myovirus with a 60 nm head and a 90 nm contractile tail. Its double-stranded DNA genome of 42,988 bp contains 68 genes, including a protelomerase gene, typical
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Nattokinase, a Subtilisin-Like Alkaline-Serine Protease, Reduces Mutacin Activity by Inactivating the Competence-Stimulating Peptide in Streptococcus mutans Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Manami Kimijima, Naoki Narisawa, Eiji Hori, Kengo Mandokoro, Tatsuro Ito, Yukina Ota, Momoko Sashida, Yasushi Kawai, Fumio Takenaga
Streptococcus mutans is a major cariogenic organism because of its ability to form biofilms on tooth surfaces. Bacteriocins produced by S. mutans (known as mutacins) are indirect pathogenic factors that play a role in the persistence of this microbe in the oral environment. Nattokinase, a subtilisin-like alkaline serine protease, potently inhibits biofilm formation without affecting S. mutans growth
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Novel Oral Polio Vaccine Type 2 Use for Polio Outbreak Response: A Global Effort for a Global Health Emergency Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Feyrouz Damji Kurji, Ananda Sankar Bandyopadhyay, Simona Zipursky, Laura V. Cooper, Chris Gast, Margaret Toher, Ralf Clemens, Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Rayasam Prasad, Adriansjah Azhari
A sharp rise in circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks in the years following the cessation of routine use of poliovirus type 2-containing oral polio vaccine and the trend of seeding new emergences with suboptimal vaccination response during the same time-period led to the accelerated development of the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2), a vaccine with enhanced genetic
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Changes in Hepatitis E Virus Contamination during the Production of Liver Sausage from Naturally Contaminated Pig Liver and the Potential of Individual Production Parameters to Reduce Hepatitis E Virus Contamination in the Processing Chain Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Jan Bernd Hinrichs, Antonia Kreitlow, Lisa Siekmann, Madeleine Plötz, Nicole Kemper, Amir Abdulmawjood
In this study, changes in hepatitis E virus (HEV) contamination in the production of liver sausage from naturally contaminated pork liver were investigated. Furthermore, the potential effectiveness of individual production parameters in reducing viral loads was measured. When processing moderately contaminated liver (initial Cq-value 29), HEV RNA persisted in the finished sausages, even after heating
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Inactivated Flagellin-Containing Vaccine Efficacy against Ovine Enzootic Abortion Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-24 Maria Kruglova, Nikolai Nikitin, Ekaterina Evtushenko, Irina Matveeva, Aleksandr Mazurov, Igor Pavlenko, Vera Popova, Olesya Bogomolova, Stepan Vasilyev, Evgeniya Markova, Yuri Fedorov
Chlamydia abortus is the etiological agent of abortion and fetal loss in sheep, goats and bovine cattle in many countries. Even though commercially available vaccines can reduce the incidence in sheep, the development of new, safe, and effective vaccines remains high on the agenda. In this study, an evaluation was made of the efficacy of a vaccine candidate, an inactivated antigen based on the extract
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Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Risk Modification after Hepatitis C Virus Eradication Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Andrea Pascual-Oliver, Diego Casas-Deza, Carmen Yagüe-Caballero, Jose M. Arbones-Mainar, Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
The eradication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has revolutionized the hepatology paradigm, halting the progression of advanced liver disease in patients with chronic infection and reducing the risk of hepatocarcinoma. In addition, treatment with direct-acting antivirals can reverse the lipid and carbohydrate abnormalities described in HCV patients. Although HCV eradication may reduce the overall risk
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Whole-Genome Sequencing and Mutation Analyses of SARS-CoV-2 Isolates from Indonesia Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Sukma Oktavianthi, Aksar Chair Lages, Rinaldy Kusuma, Tri Shinta Kurniasih, Hidayat Trimarsanto, Febi Andriani, David Rustandi, Tandry Meriyanti, Irawan Yusuf, Safarina G. Malik, Juandy Jo, Ivet Suriapranata
The SARS-CoV-2 infection that caused the COVID-19 pandemic has become a significant public health concern. New variants with distinct mutations have emerged, potentially impacting its infectivity, immune evasion capacity, and vaccine response. A whole-genome sequencing study of 292 SARS-CoV-2 isolates collected from selected regions of Indonesia between January and October 2021 was performed to identify
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Hybrid-Capture Target Enrichment in Human Pathogens: Identification, Evolution, Biosurveillance, and Genomic Epidemiology Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Z. B. Randolph Quek, Sock Hoon Ng
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has revolutionised the field of pathogen genomics, enabling the direct recovery of pathogen genomes from clinical and environmental samples. However, pathogen nucleic acids are often overwhelmed by those of the host, requiring deep metagenomic sequencing to recover sufficient sequences for downstream analyses (e.g., identification and genome characterisation). To circumvent
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Staphylococcus aureus Infections and Human Intestinal Microbiota Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-24 Aotong Liu, Shari Garrett, Wanqing Hong, Jilei Zhang
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen that can cause many human diseases, such as skin infection, food poisoning, endocarditis, and sepsis. These diseases can be minor infections or life-threatening, requiring complex medical management resulting in substantial healthcare costs. Meanwhile, as the critically ignored “organ,” the intestinal microbiome greatly impacts physiological health
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Community-Directed Vector Control to Accelerate Onchocerciasis Elimination Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Benjamin Jacob, Edwin Michael, Thomas R. Unnasch
Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, has historically been one of the most important causes of blindness worldwide, and a major cause of socio-economic disruption, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Its importance as a cause of morbidity and an impediment to economic development in some of the poorest countries in the world motivated the international community to implement several programs to control
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Fungemia by Wickerhamomyces anomalus—A Narrative Review Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Petros Ioannou, Stella Baliou, Diamantis P. Kofteridis
Wickerhamomyces anomalus has been previously classified as Hansenula anomala, Pichia anomala, and Candida pelliculosa and was recently reclassified in the genus Wickerhamomyces after phylogenetic analysis of its genetic sequence. An increasing number of reports of human infections by W. anomalus have emerged, suggesting that this microorganism is an emerging pathogen. The present review aimed to provide
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Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Pathogens in Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Schleswig-Holstein, Germany Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Jana C. Klink, Alexandra Rieger, Peter Wohlsein, Ursula Siebert, Anna Obiegala
Raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) are invasive alien species originating from East Asia and North America, respectively. They are discussed as vectors and reservoirs for various infectious diseases, including vector-borne and zoonotic pathogens, and are therefore a potential threat to human and domestic animal health, as well as to biodiversity and conservation. In
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Blastocystis spp. and Other Intestinal Parasites in Polish Soldiers Deployed to Lebanon and Iraq Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Danuta Izabela Kosik-Bogacka, Krzysztof Korzeniewski, Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Joanna Korycińska, Małgorzata Lepczyńska, Ewa Dzika, Małgorzata Marchelek-Myśliwiec
Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries. A distinct group at increased risk of infection is military personnel deployed overseas for extended periods, typically six months at a time. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. and other intestinal parasites in Polish military personnel
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Obtaining Microbiologically Safe Hatching Eggs from Hatcheries: Using Essential Oils for Integrated Sanitization Strategies in Hatching Eggs, Poultry Houses and Poultry Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Gabriel da Silva Oliveira, Concepta McManus, Igor Rafael Ribeiro Vale, Vinícius Machado dos Santos
Essential oils are liquids containing non-toxic compounds that are unfavorable to the growth of microorganisms. They are sold globally at affordable or very high prices, depending on the availability and type of plant, the scale of production, the extraction method, costs associated with logistics and electricity consumption, among other variables. Each year, the quantity of research dedicated to the
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Genome Sequencing of Historical Encephalomyocarditis Viruses from South Africa Links the Historical 1993/4 Savanna Elephant (Loxodonta africana) Outbreak to Cryptic Mastomys Rodents Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Vanessa van Meer, Janusz T. Pawęska, Robert Swanepoel, Antoinette Grobbelaar, Armanda D. Bastos
From 1993 to 1994, 64 free-ranging elephants (Loxodonta africana) succumbed to encephalomyocarditis in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, of which 83% were adult bulls. Mastomys rodents were implicated as the reservoir host of the Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) based on serology and RT-PCR. However, in the absence of sequence-confirmation of both the virus and the rodent host, definitive links
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Recent Advances in the Epidemiology of Pathogenic Agents Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Wei-Chuan Chen, Yusen Eason Lin
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the pivotal role of epidemiology in studying pathogenic agents [...]
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Beau’s Lines and COVID-19; A Systematic Review on Their Association Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Aris P. Agouridis, Christina Mastori-Kourmpani, Polyna Antoniou, Paschalis Konstantinou, Evangelos C. Rizos, Constantinos Tsioutis
Background: Beau’s lines are transverse grooves in the nail plate that result from transient interruption of the growth of the proximal nail matrix after severe disease. The aim of this study is to systematically report all evidence on the association of Beau’s lines with COVID-19 infection or vaccination against COVID-19. Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were searched up to January 2024 for articles
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Regulation of Autophagosome–Lysosome Fusion by Human Viral Infections Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Po-Yuan Ke
Autophagy plays a fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by eliminating intracellular components via lysosomes. Successful degradation through autophagy relies on the fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes, which leads to the formation of autolysosomes containing acidic proteases that degrade the sequestered materials. Viral infections can exploit autophagy in infected cells to balance
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The Course of COVID-19 and Long COVID: Identifying Risk Factors among Patients Suffering from the Disease before and during the Omicron-Dominant Period Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Mateusz Babicki, Damian Kołat, Żaneta Kałuzińska-Kołat, Joanna Kapusta, Agnieszka Mastalerz-Migas, Piotr Jankowski, Michał Chudzik
SARS-CoV-2 has acquired many mutations that influence the severity of COVID-19’s course or the risk of developing long COVID. In 2022, the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant was Omicron. This study aimed to compare the course of COVID-19 in the periods before and during the dominance of the Omicron variant. Risk factors for developing long COVID were also assessed. This study was based on stationary visits
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Genetic Diversity of Trypanosomes Infesting Cattle from Savannah District in North of Côte d’Ivoire Using Conserved Genomic Signatures: rRNA, ITS1 and gGAPDH Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Jean-Yves Ekra, Eliakunda Michael Mafie, Edouard K. N’Goran, Dramane Kaba, Biégo Guillaume Gragnon, Jagan Srinivasan
The potential danger to livestock from African animal trypanosomiasis is well known. However, the trypanosome species circulating in cattle and their genetics are poorly understood. After different alignments according to three regions (ITS1, gGAPDH and rRNA gene) of the trypanosome genome, phylogenetic analyses were used to show the genetic diversity of the different species that were circulating
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Metagenomic Detection and Genetic Characterization of Human Sapoviruses among Children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Nigeria Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Uwem Etop George, Temitope O. C. Faleye, Lander De Coninck, Sheriff Tunde Agbaje, Ijeoma Maryjoy Ifeorah, Bernard Anyebe Onoja, Elijah Igbekele Oni, Adebowale Oluseyi Olayinka, Toluwani Goodnews Ajileye, Arthur Obinna Oragwa, Toluwanimi Emmanuel Akinleye, Bolutife Olubukola Popoola, Oluwadamilola Gideon Osasona, Olaitan Titilola Olayinka, Oluwadamilola Adefunke George, Ahmed Iluoreh Muhammad, Isaac
Using a metagenomic sequencing approach on stool samples from children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP), we describe the genetic diversity of Sapoviruses (SaVs) in children in Nigeria. We identified six complete genome sequences and two partial genome sequences. Several SaV genogroups and genotypes were detected, including GII (GII.4 and GII.8), GIV (GIV.1), and GI (GI.2 and GI.7). To our knowledge
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Infections in Disorders of Immune Regulation Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Abarna Thangaraj, Reva Tyagi, Deepti Suri, Sudhir Gupta
Primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRDs) constitute a spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) that are primarily characterized by autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, atopy, and malignancy. In PIRDs, infections are infrequent compared to other IEIs. While susceptibility to infection primarily stems from antibody deficiency, it is sometimes associated with additional innate immune and T or NK
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Refinement of the rKLi8.3-Based Serodiagnostic ELISA Allows Detection of Canine Leishmaniosis in Dogs with Low Antibody Titers Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Henrique C. Teixeira, Giulia P. C. Valle, Rouzbeh Mahdavi, Priscila S. M. Dias, Erick E. de Oliveira, Cristina P. Aira, Daniela Heinz, Andreas Latz, Marta de Lana, Fernanda N. Morgado, Renato Porrozzi, Ulrich Steinhoff
The diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) still represents a challenge due to the variable clinical manifestations and the large number of asymptomatic dogs. Serological tests are most commonly used to detect infected animals, revealing anti-Leishmania antibodies, mainly of the IgG isotype. Recently, a new diagnostic antigen, rKLi8.3, containing 8.3 kinesin tandem repeats (TR) from a Leishmania
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The Influence of L-Lysine-Alpha-Oxidase on the Biofilm Formation of Opportunistic Microorganisms Associated with Inflammatory Diseases of the Urinary Tract Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Alexandr Senyagin, Nadezhda Sachivkina, Milana Das, Anna Arsenyuk, Ramziya Mannapova, Alfir Mannapov, Tursumbai Kubatbekov, Dmitriy Svistunov, Olesya Petrukhina, Andrey Zharov, Natallia Zhabo
Urinary tract infections occupy a special niche among diseases of infectious etiology. Many microorganisms associated with urinary tract infections, such as Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterococcus spp., Morganella morganii, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp., and Candida spp., can form biofilms. The aim of this research was to study
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The Re-Emergence of Rift Valley Fever in Mananjary District, Madagascar in 2021: A Call for Action Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Aina Nirina Harimanana, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Dany Bakoly Ranoaritiana, Laurence Randrianasolo, Judickaelle Irinantenaina, Nirina Nantenaina Ranoelison, Jean Théophile Rafisandrantatsoa, Miamina Fidy Ankasitrahana, Antso Hasina Raherinandrasana, Manuela Vololoniaina Andriamahatana, Michael Luciano Tantely, Romain Girod, Philippe Dussart, Vincent Lacoste, Rindra Vatosoa Randremanana
An epizootic of rift valley fever (RVF) was suspected on 21 February 2021 in various districts of Madagascar, with a lab confirmation on 1 April 2021. A cross-sectional survey aiming to detect cases of RVF in humans and to study the circulation of rift valley fever virus (RVFV) in animals was conducted from 22 April to 4 May 2021 in the district of Mananjary. Blood samples from cattle and humans were
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An Entomological Investigation during a Recent Rift Valley Fever Epizootic/Epidemic Reveals New Aspects of the Vectorial Transmission of the Virus in Madagascar Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Luciano Michaël Tantely, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Maminirina Fidelis Ambinintsoa, Manou Rominah Raharinirina, Jean Théophile Rafisandratantsoa, Jean-Pierre Ravalohery, Aina Harimanana, Nirina Nantenaina Ranoelison, Judickaelle Irinantenaina, Miamina Fidy Ankasitrahana, Dany Bakoly Ranoaritiana, Laurence Randrianasolo, Rindra Vatosoa Randremanana, Vincent Lacoste, Philippe Dussart, Romain Girod
A Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreak occurred in at least five regions of Madagascar in 2021. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the richness, abundance, ecology, and trophic preferences of mosquitoes in the Mananjary district and to investigate the distribution of mosquitoes that were RT-PCR-positive for RVFV. Three localities were prospected from 26 April to 4 May 2021, using light
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Antifungal Susceptibility of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated from Clinical Specimens Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Aleksandra Górzyńska, Kamila Kondracka, Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal, Urszula Nawrot
(1) Background: Despite being considered a non-pathogenic yeast, recently, a growing occurrence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae infections has been noted. There is little knowledge about the drug susceptibility of this species. Therefore, the objective of this research was to expand it and determine the drug susceptibility profile of a local collection of clinical isolates of this species. (2) Methods:
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Avian Influenza A Viruses Modulate the Cellular Cytoskeleton during Infection of Mammalian Hosts Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Flora De Conto
Influenza is one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) naturally infect various avian and mammalian hosts, causing seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics with high morbidity and mortality. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed how an animal virus strain could unpredictably acquire the ability to infect humans with high infection transmissibility. Importantly
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Characterization of a Novel Species of Legionella Isolated from a Healthcare Facility: Legionella resiliens sp. nov Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Sandra Cristino, Maria Rosaria Pascale, Federica Marino, Carlo Derelitto, Silvano Salaris, Massimiliano Orsini, Stefano Squarzoni, Antonella Grottola, Luna Girolamini
Two Legionella-like isolates, 8cVS16T and 9fVS26, were isolated from a water distribution system (WDS) in a healthcare facility. Cells were Gram- and Ziehl Neelsen-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile, and exhibited a blue-white fluorescence under Wood’s lamp at 365 nm. The strains grew in a range of 32–37 °C on BCYE with L-cysteine (Cys+), GVPC, and MWY agar medium, with a positive reaction for oxidase
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Etiology of Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis (UDN) in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta Morpha trutta)—Preliminary Results Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Marek Matras, Magdalena Stachnik, Anna Kycko, Magdalena Wasiak, Ewa Paździor, Joanna Maj-Paluch, Ewa Borzym, Michał Reichert
Every year, ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) affects salmonids that spend most of their lives in the sea during their migration to the rivers of northern Poland to spawn. The clinical form of the disease manifests itself in ulcerative skin lesions, which lead to significant weakening of the fish and, in most cases, result in their death. This study was carried out on samples taken from sea trout in
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Epidemiology, Clinical Signs, and Risk Factors Associated with Theileriosis in Australian Cattle (2006–2022) Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Emily Onizawa, Cheryl Jenkins
For over a decade, bovine anaemia caused by Theileria orientalis Ikeda has been a significant disease in the Australian cattle industry. In this study, we conducted a spatial and temporal analysis of theileriosis in Australia using historic data from submissions to the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI) from 2006 to 2022, where herd history, clinical signs, and PCR results were
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Challenges in Toxocariasis Diagnosis: From Pericarditis, through Hepatic Tumor, to the Detection of Brain Aneurysms: Case Report Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Martyna Biała, Joanna Nieleńczuk, Anna Chodorowska, Bartosz Szetela
Toxocariasis is the parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Toxocara roundworms species: Toxocara canis from dogs and, less frequently, Toxocara cati from cats. The high proportion of asymptomatic cases of toxocariasis and the uncharacteristic clinical manifestations mimicking other medical conditions make diagnosis challenging. The main clinical presentations of toxocariasis are visceral and ocular
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The Zoonotic Angiostrongylus cantonensis and the Veterinary Parasite Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Infecting Terrestrial Gastropods from Urban Areas of Macapá, Brazilian Amazon Region Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Tatiane Alves Barbosa, Silvana Carvalho Thiengo, Monica Ammon Fernandez, Jucicleide Ramos-de-Souza, Suzete Rodrigues Gomes
Metastrongyloidea includes nematodes that parasitize mammals, mainly infecting their respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and are responsible for emerging zoonosis in the world. Terrestrial mollusks are their main intermediate hosts, with few exceptions. Here we present the results of a malacological survey to know the distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Macapá, Amapá, in the Brazilian
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Alterations in N-glycosylation of HCV E2 Protein in Children Patients with IFN-RBV Therapy Failure Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Karolina Zimmer, Alicja M. Chmielewska, Paulina Jackowiak, Marek Figlerowicz, Krystyna Bienkowska-Szewczyk
The glycosylation of viral envelope proteins plays an important role in virus biology and the immune response of the host to infection. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins E1 and E2, key players in virus entry and spread, are highly N-glycosylated and possess 4 (5 in certain genotypes) to 11 conserved glycosylation sites, respectively. Many published results based on recombinant proteins indicate
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Canine Schistosomiasis in the West Coast: Heterobilharzia americana in Two Natural Intermediate Hosts Found in the Colorado River, California Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Anil Baniya, Connor J. Goldy, Jiranun Ardpairin, Perla Achi, Yu Wei Chang, Rose C. Adrianza, Apichat Vitta, Adler R. Dillman
The emergence of infectious diseases presents a significant global health, economic, and security risk. Climate change can unexpectedly lead to the spread of pathogens, vectors, or hosts into new areas, contributing to the rise of infectious diseases. Surveillance plays a crucial role in monitoring disease trends and implementing control strategies. In this study, we document the first discovery of
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Genetic Characterization of the RAP-1A and SBP-4 Genes of Babesia Species Infecting Cattle from Selangor, Malaysia, and Ribah, Nigeria Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Adamu Isah Gano, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Nor-Azlina Abdul Aziz, Mazlina Mazlan, Mohd Rosly Shaari, Abdullahi Aliyu, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Mustapha Umar Imam, Hazilawati Hamzah
Bovine babesiosis has substantial economic implications in the cattle industry, emphasizing the need for a thorough understanding of the genetic diversity of the causative apicomplexan pathogen. Although babesiosis has been extensively studied globally, the genetic diversity of Babesia species in Malaysian and Nigerian cattle remains unreported. This study aims to bridge this gap by detecting and characterizing
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Unveiling the Dual Threat: How Microbial Infections and Healthcare Deficiencies Fuel Cervical and Prostate Cancer Deaths in Africa Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 Sofian Abdul-Nasir, Hyungdon Lee, Md. Habibur Rahman, Johny Bajgai, Kyu-Jae Lee, Cheol-Su Kim, Soo-Ki Kim
Cervical and prostate cancer account for 7.1 and 7.3 deaths per 100,000 people globally in 2022. These rates increased significantly to 17.6 and 17.3 in Africa, respectively, making them the second and third leading cause of cancer deaths in Africa, only surpassed by breast cancer. The human papillomavirus is the prime risk factor for cervical cancer infection. On the other hand, prostate cancer risks
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Indoor Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Virus by Liquid Hyperoxygen Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Giovanni Barco, Zumama Khalid, Alessandra Pulliero, Claudio Angelinetta, Ubaldo Prati, Alberto Izzotti
The possible future emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 virus variants pushes the development of new chemoprophylaxis protocols complementary to the unspecific and specific immune-prophylaxis measures currently used. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is particularly sensitive to oxidation, due to the relevant positive electrical charge of its spike protein used as a ligand for target cells. The present study evaluated
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Detection of Chlamydia psittaci in the Genital Tract of Horses and in Environmental Samples: A Pilot Study in Sardinia Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Gaia Muroni, Elisa Serra, Giovanni Paolo Biggio, Daniela Sanna, Raffaele Cherchi, Andrea Taras, Simonetta Appino, Cipriano Foxi, Giovanna Masala, Federica Loi, Valentina Chisu
The members of the Chlamydiaceae family are important pathogens that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. Among them, Chlamydia psittaci, historically considered as an avian agent, has recently been identified in livestock, primarily sheep and cattle, but also in horses, with the infection being linked to reproductive disorders, such as abortion, absorption of embryos, stillbirth
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Extensive Countrywide Molecular Identification and High Genetic Diversity of Haemonchus spp. in Domestic Ruminants in Greece Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Konstantinos V. Arsenopoulos, Styliani Minoudi, Isaia Symeonidou, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, George C. Fthenakis, Elias Papadopoulos
The gastrointestinal nematode parasite Haemonchus spp. is one of the most pathogenic parasites of ruminants, due to its blood-sucking activity, which causes large economic losses in the ruminant industry. The latest epizootiological data recorded an increase in the infection, not only in Greece but also in other countries, mainly attributed to climatic changes. The study of the population structure
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Brucellar Endocarditis of the Tricuspid Valve: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Evangelo Boumis, Pierangelo Chinello, Vincenzo Galati, Simone Topino, Francesca Gavaruzzi, Stefania Cicalini
Brucellar endocarditis is a rare entity commonly described as a severe disease associated with high mortality and generally requiring valve surgery for cure. Right-sided endocarditis, a very uncommon presentation of brucellosis, may be associated with a better prognosis. We describe the case of a 72-year-old woman admitted to our institution with a persistent fever and multiple pulmonary infiltrates
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Viral Infections, Are They a Trigger and Risk Factor of Alzheimer’s Disease? Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Meagan D. Rippee-Brooks, Wenzhe Wu, Jianli Dong, Miguel Pappolla, Xiang Fang, Xiaoyong Bao
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a progressive and debilitating condition, is reported to be the most common type of dementia, with at least 55 million people believed to be currently affected. Many causation hypotheses of AD exist, yet the intriguing link between viral infection and its possible contribution to the known etiology of AD has become an attractive focal point of research for the field and a
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“It’s Only a Model”: When Protein Structure Predictions Need Experimental Validation, the Case of the HTLV-1 Tax Protein Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Christophe Guillon, Xavier Robert, Patrice Gouet
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus responsible for leukaemia in 5 to 10% of infected individuals. Among the viral proteins, Tax has been described as directly involved in virus-induced leukemogenesis. Tax is therefore an interesting therapeutic target. However, its 3D structure is still unknown and this hampers the development of drug-design-based therapeutic strategies
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Hunting for Answers: Assessing Brucella spp. Seroprevalence and Risks in Red Deer and Wild Boar in Central Portugal Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Humberto Pires, Luís Cardoso, Ana Patrícia Lopes, Maria da Conceição Fontes, Sérgio Santos-Silva, Manuela Matos, Cristina Pintado, Natália Roque, Leonardo Filipe Fonseca, Inês Morgado, Ana Sofia Dias, Luís Figueira, Ana Cristina Matos, João Rodrigo Mesquita, Ana Cláudia Coelho
Between 2016 and 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the central region of Portugal in order to better understand the epidemiology and public health risks resulting from the handling and consumption of game animals infected with Brucella spp. The seroprevalence and risk factors for Brucella spp. seropositivity were evaluated. Antibodies against Brucella spp. were determined using a commercial
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Prevalence, Diversity, and Virulence of Campylobacter Carried by Migratory Birds at Four Major Habitats in China Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Shanrui Wu, Ru Jia, Ying Wang, Jie Li, Yisong Li, Lan Wang, Yani Wang, Chao Liu, Elena M. Jia, Yihua Wang, Guogang Zhang, Jie Liu
Campylobacter species, especially C. jejuni and C. coli, are the main zoonotic bacteria causing human gastroenteritis. A variety of Campylobacter species has been reported in wild birds, posing a potential avian–human transmission pathway. Currently, there has been little surveillance data on Campylobacter carriage in migratory birds in China. In the current work, fresh fecal droppings from individual
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Serosurvey of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection in Romania Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Andreea Mădălina Panciu, Cristina Alexandra Cheran, Eliza Daniela Militaru, Claudia Doina Rîciu, Adriana Hristea
Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a disease with mandatory declaration in the EU since 2012. Information regarding the seroprevalence of the disease across Romania is limited, and only sporadic cases are rarely reported. We aimed to identify new areas of TBEV infection in different counties of Romania. Methods: We conducted a serosurvey assessing the immune response to TBEV infection in
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Inflammatory CD11b+ Macrophages Produce BAFF in Spleen of Mice Infected with Leishmania donovani Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Kazuki Nagai, Wataru Fujii, Junya Yamagishi, Chizu Sanjoba, Yasuyuki Goto
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania and manifests clinical symptoms such as splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, anemia, and fever. It has previously been shown that B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) is involved in splenomegaly during VL. Although BAFF is known to be expressed by a variety of cells, the mechanism of elevated BAFF expression
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Galleria mellonella as a Model for the Study of Fungal Pathogens: Advantages and Disadvantages Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Andrea Giammarino, Nicolò Bellucci, Letizia Angiolella
The study of pathogenicity and virulence of fungal strains, in vivo in the preclinical phase, is carried out through the use of animal models belonging to various classes of mammals (rodents, leproids, etc.). Although animals are functionally more similar to humans, these studies have some limitations in terms of ethics (animal suffering), user-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, timing (physiological
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Staphylococcus capitis Central-Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center, Four-Year Experience in Central-Line Management during Sepsis Treatment Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Anna Sala, Valentina Pivetti, Alessandra Vittorini, Claudia Viggiano, Francesca Castoldi, Valentina Fabiano, Gianluca Lista, Francesco Cavigioli
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are reportedly responsible for 50–60% of bloodstream infections in very preterm (<1500 g) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Staphylococcus capitis is an increasingly prevalent pathogen in the neonatal setting, frequently causing central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) that can be difficult to eradicate. Central venous catheter
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Current Knowledge of Enterococcal Endocarditis: A Disease Lurking in Plain Sight of Health Providers Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Francesco Nappi
Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterial pathogen that can cause opportunistic infections. Studies indicate that initial biofilm formation plays a crucial regulatory role in these infections, as well as in colonising and maintaining the gastrointestinal tract as a commensal member of the microbiome of most land animals. It has long been thought that vegetation of endocarditis resulting from bacterial attachment
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Characterization of Gallibacterium anatis Isolated from Pathological Processes in Domestic Mammals and Birds in the Czech Republic Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Jaroslav Bzdil, Soňa Šlosárková, Petr Fleischer, Monika Zouharová, Ján Matiašovic
Gallibacterium anatis, recognized as a resident and opportunistic pathogen primarily in poultry, underwent investigation in unwell domestic mammals and birds. The study encompassed the mapping and comparison of G. anatis isolates, evaluation of their genetic diversity, and determination of their susceptibility to antimicrobials. A total of 11,908 clinical samples were analyzed using cultivation methods
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Modulation of Porcine Gut Microbiota and Microbiome: Hologenomic, Dietary, and Endogenous Factors Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Ming Z. Fan, Sung Woo Kim
Global pig production contributes to about 35% of the world’s meat production and consumption [...]
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Measles Virus-Induced Immune Amnesia and SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Giovanni Di Guardo
An interesting article recently published in Science Translational Medicine reports a variable risk of persistent COVID-19 among patients affected by different immunodeficiency conditions [...]
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Transcriptome Analyses in Adult Olive Trees Indicate Acetaldehyde Release and Cyanide-Mediated Respiration Traits as Critical for Tolerance against Xylella fastidiosa and Suggest AOX Gene Family as Marker for Multiple-Resilience Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt, Debabrata Sircar, Shahid Aziz, Thais Andrade Germano, Karine Leitão Lima Thiers, Carlos Noceda, Revuru Bharadwaj, Gunasekaran Mohanapriya, José Hélio Costa
Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a global bacterial threat for a diversity of plants, including olive trees. However, current understanding of host responses upon Xf-infection is limited to allow early disease prediction, diagnosis, and sustainable strategies for breeding on plant tolerance. Recently, we identified a major complex trait for early de novo programming, named CoV-MAC-TED, by comparing early
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Porcine Monocyte DNA Traps Formed during Infection with Pathogenic Clostridioides difficile Strains Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Jade Lawrence, Paul Barrow, Neil Foster
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is an enteric pathogen of several mammalian species including man, frequently involving nosocomial resurgence, following oral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, but also with human-to-human infection occurring, and neonatal pigs with zoonotic transmission. To date, the immune response to C. difficile has mostly focused on neutrophils and cytokine/chemokines
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Genetic Diversification and Resistome of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Nostrils of Healthy Dogs and Dog-Owners in La Rioja, Spain Pathogens (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Idris Nasir Abdullahi, Carmen Lozano, Carmen González-Azcona, Myriam Zarazaga, Carmen Torres
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species in healthy dogs and their owners could be transferred between these hosts and carry diverse antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of public health concern. This study determined the frequency, diversity, and AMR genes of nasal CoNS from healthy dogs and in-contact people as well as the rate of intra-household (between healthy dogs and dog-owners) transmission