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Advances in the Early Warning of Shellfish Toxification by Dinophysis acuminata Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Alexandra Duarte Silva, Susana Margarida Rodrigues, Lia Godinho
In Western Europe, the incidence of DST is likely the highest globally, posing a significant threat with prolonged bans on shellfish harvesting, mainly caused by species of the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis. Using a time series from 2014 to 2020, our study aimed (i) to determine the concentration of D. acuminata in water at which shellfish toxin levels could surpass the regulatory limit (160 µg OA
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Some Examples of Bacterial Toxins as Tools Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Gudula Schmidt
Pathogenic bacteria produce diverse protein toxins to disturb the host’s defenses. This includes the opening of epithelial barriers to establish bacterial growth in deeper tissues of the host and to modulate immune cell functions. To achieve this, many toxins share the ability to enter mammalian cells, where they catalyze the modification of cellular proteins. The enzymatic activity is diverse and
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Beyond Pain: The Effects of OnabotulinumtoxinA Therapy on Sensitization and Interictal Symptoms in Chronic Migraine Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Paolo Alonge, Filippo Brighina, Simona Maccora, Laura Pilati, Salvatore Di Marco, Davide Ventimiglia, Bruna Maggio, Ivana Cutrò, Cecilia Camarda, Angelo Torrente
Chronic migraine is a disease with a high burden on patients from both a working and quality of life point of view. The pathophysiology of this subtype of migraine is due to several factors, such as medication overuse. Nevertheless, the detrimental recurring of headache attacks with central and peripheral sensitization plays a central role and explains some additional symptoms complained about by these
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Isolation and Functional Characterization of Erythrofibrase: An Alfa-Fibrinogenase Enzyme from Trimeresurus erythrurus Venom of North-East India Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Susmita Thakur, Rafika Yasmin, Anita Malhotra, Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga, Vishal Santra, Surajit Giri, Robin Doley
Green pit viper bites induce mild toxicity with painful local swelling, blistering, cellulitis, necrosis, ecchymosis and consumptive coagulopathy. Several bite cases of green pit vipers have been reported in several south-east Asian countries including the north-eastern region of India. The present study describes isolation and characterization of a haemostatically active protein from Trimeresurus
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The Potential of Chitosan-Based Composites for Adsorption of Diarrheic Shellfish Toxins Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-21 Joana F. Leal, Patrícia S. M. Amado, João P. Lourenço, Maria L. S. Cristiano
Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the most potent marine biotoxins, causing diarrheal shellfish poisoning (DSP). The proliferation of microalgae that produce OA and its analogues is frequent, threatening human health and socioeconomic development. Several methods have been tested to remove this biotoxin from aquatic systems, yet none has proven enough efficacy to solve the problem. In this work, we synthesized
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First Synthesis of Ergotamine-13CD3 and Ergotaminine-13CD3 from Unlabeled Ergotamine Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Sven-Oliver Herter, Hajo Haase, Matthias Koch
Ergot alkaloids (EAs) formed by Claviceps fungi are one of the most common food contaminants worldwide, affecting cereals such as rye, wheat, and barley. To accurately determine the level of contamination and to monitor EAs maximum levels set by the European Union, the six most common EAs (so-called priority EAs) and their corresponding epimers are quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography
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Microcystin Contamination in Irrigation Water and Health Risk Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Mohammed Haida, Fatima El Khalloufi, Richard Mugani, Yasser Essadki, Alexandre Campos, Vitor Vasconcelos, Brahim Oudra
Microcystins (MCs), natural hepatotoxic compounds produced by cyanobacteria, pose significant risks to water quality, ecosystem stability, and the well-being of animals, plants, and humans when present in elevated concentrations. The escalating contamination of irrigation water with MCs presents a growing threat to terrestrial plants. The customary practice of irrigating crops from local water sources
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Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy after Botulinum Toxin Injection for Post-Stroke Upper Extremity Spasticity: A Randomized Controlled Study Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Junhee Lee, Seung Nam Yang
Post-stroke spasticity is a common complication that limits the functional performance of patients. Botulinum toxin (BTx) is an effective treatment for spasticity. Numerous researchers have applied extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) to address post-stroke spasticity, yielding positive clinical outcomes. We aimed to clarify the add-on effects of ESWT on BTx therapy for spasticity in patients with
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Analytical Methods for Anatoxin-a Determination: A Review Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Cristina Plata-Calzado, Ana I. Prieto, Ana M. Cameán, Angeles Jos
Anatoxin-a (ATX-a) is a potent neurotoxin produced by several species of cyanobacteria whose exposure can have direct consequences, including neurological disorders and death. The increasing prevalence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms makes the detection and reliable assessment of ATX-a levels essential to prevent the risk associated with public health. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile
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Overexpressing the cpr1953 Orphan Histidine Kinase Gene in the Absence of cpr1954 Orphan Histidine Kinase Gene Expression, or Vice Versa, Is Sufficient to Obtain Significant Sporulation and Strong Production of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin or Spo0A by Clostridium perfringens Type F Strain SM101 Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari, Jessica L. Gonzales, Francisco A. Uzal, Bruce A. McClane
The CPR1953 and CPR1954 orphan histidine kinases profoundly affect sporulation initiation and Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) production by C. perfringens type F strain SM101, whether cultured in vitro (modified Duncan–Strong sporulation medium (MDS)) or ex vivo (mouse small intestinal contents (MIC)). To help distinguish whether CPR1953 and CPR1954 act independently or in a stepwise manner
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Toxicity of Cry- and Vip3Aa-Class Proteins and Their Interactions against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Xiaobei Liu, Shen Liu, Shuxiong Bai, Kanglai He, Yongjun Zhang, Hui Dong, Tiantao Zhang, Zhenying Wang
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is one of the most important insect pests affecting corn crops worldwide. Although planting transgenic corn expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins has been approved as being effective against FAW, its populations’ resistance to Bt crops has emerged in different locations around the world. Therefore, it is important to understand the
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Sortase-Modified Cholera Toxoids Show Specific Golgi Localization Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Darren C. Machin, Daniel J. Williamson, Peter Fisher, Victoria J. Miller, Zoe L. P. Arnott, Charlotte M. E. Stevenson, Gemma C. Wildsmith, James F. Ross, Christopher W. Wasson, Andrew Macdonald, Benjamin I. Andrews, Daniel Ungar, W. Bruce Turnbull, Michael E. Webb
Cholera toxoid is an established tool for use in cellular tracing in neuroscience and cell biology. We use a sortase labeling approach to generate site-specific N-terminally modified variants of both the A2-B5 heterohexamer and B5 pentamer forms of the toxoid. Both forms of the toxoid are endocytosed by GM1-positive mammalian cells, and while the heterohexameric toxoid was principally localized in
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Cyanobacteria and Macroinvertebrate Relationships in Freshwater Benthic Communities beyond Cytotoxicity Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Nicolás Ubero-Pascal, Marina Aboal
Cyanobacteria are harmful algae that are monitored worldwide to prevent the effects of the toxins that they can produce. Most research efforts have focused on direct or indirect effects on human populations, with a view to gain easy accurate detection and quantification methods, mainly in planktic communities, but with increasing interest shown in benthos. However, cyanobacteria have played a fundamental
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Botulinum Toxin Injections for Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Trial Landscape Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Ilya Demchenko, Alyssa Swiderski, Helen Liu, Hyejung Jung, Wendy Lou, Venkat Bhat
Botulinum toxin type A (BONT-A) has shown promise in improving the mood-related symptoms of psychiatric disorders by targeting muscles linked to the expression of negative emotions. We conducted a systematic review of past and ongoing efficacy trials of BONT-A therapy for psychiatric disorders to identify relevant trends in the field and discuss the refinement of therapeutic techniques. A comprehensive
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Antifungal Activity of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Rosario Iglesias, Lucía Citores, Claudia C. Gay, José M. Ferreras
The control of crop diseases caused by fungi remains a major problem and there is a need to find effective fungicides that are environmentally friendly. Plants are an excellent source for this purpose because they have developed defense mechanisms to cope with fungal infections. Among the plant proteins that play a role in defense are ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), enzymes obtained mainly from
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First Detection of Algal Caribbean Ciguatoxin in Amberjack Causing Ciguatera Poisoning in the Canary Islands (Spain) Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Pablo Estevez, Juan Oses-Prieto, David Castro, Alejandro Penin, Alma Burlingame, Ana Gago-Martinez
Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) is an illness associated with the consumption of fish contaminated with potent natural toxins found in the marine environment, commonly known as ciguatoxins (CTXs). The risk characterization of CP has become a worldwide concern due to the widespread expansion of these natural toxins. The identification of CTXs is hindered by the lack of commercially available reference materials
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Tetrodotoxins in Tissues and Cells of Different Body Regions of Ribbon Worms Kulikovia alborostrata and K. manchenkoi from Spokoynaya Bay, Sea of Japan Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Anna E. Vlasenko, Alexandra O. Pereverzeva, Peter V. Velansky, Timur Yu. Magarlamov
Nemerteans, or ribbon worms, possess tetrodotoxin and its analogues (TTXs), neurotoxins of bacterial origin, which they presumably use for capturing prey and self-defense. Most TTXs-containing nemertean species have low levels of these toxins and, therefore, have usually been neglected in studies of TTXs functions and accumulation. In the present study, Kulikovia alborostrata and K. manchenkoi, two
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Effect of Seaweed-Derived Fucoidans from Undaria pinnatifida and Fucus vesiculosus on Coagulant, Proteolytic, and Phospholipase A2 Activities of Snake Bothrops jararaca, B. jararacussu, and B. neuwiedi Venom Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Camila Castro-Pinheiro, Luiz Carlos Simas Pereira Junior, Eladio Flores Sanchez, Ana Cláudia Rodrigues da Silva, Corinna A. Dwan, Samuel S. Karpiniec, Alan Trevor Critchley, Andre Lopes Fuly
Background: Snakebite envenomation (SBE) causes diverse toxic effects in humans, including disability and death. Current antivenom therapies effectively prevent death but fail to block local tissue damage, leading to an increase in the severity of envenomation; thus, seeking alternative treatments is crucial. Methods: This study analyzed the potential of two fucoidan sulfated polysaccharides extracted
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Edodin: A New Type of Toxin from Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) That Inactivates Mammalian Ribosomes Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Lucía Citores, Sara Ragucci, Claudia C. Gay, Rosita Russo, Angela Chambery, Antimo Di Maro, Rosario Iglesias, José M. Ferreras
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a group of proteins with rRNA N-glycosylase activity that irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis and consequently cause cell death. Recently, an RIP called ledodin has been found in shiitake; it is cytotoxic, strongly inhibits protein synthesis, and shows rRNA N-glycosylase activity. In this work, we isolated and characterized a 50 kDa cytotoxic protein from
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Molecular Aspects Involved in the Mechanisms of Bothrops jararaca Venom-Induced Hyperalgesia: Participation of NK1 Receptor and Glial Cells Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Ariela de Oliveira Pedro Bom, Monique Dias-Soares, Raíssa Cristina Darroz Corrêa, Camila Lima Neves, Natalia Gabriele Hosch, Gabriela Gomes de Lucena, Camilla Garcia Oliveira, Rosana Lima Pagano, Marucia Chacur, Renata Giorgi
Accidents caused by Bothrops jararaca (Bj) snakes result in several local and systemic manifestations, with pain being a fundamental characteristic. The inflammatory process responsible for hyperalgesia induced by Bj venom (Bjv) has been studied; however, the specific roles played by the peripheral and central nervous systems in this phenomenon remain unclear. To clarify this, we induced hyperalgesia
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Studying Venom Toxin Variation Using Accurate Masses from Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Bioinformatic Tools Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 Luis L. Alonso, Jory van Thiel, Julien Slagboom, Nathan Dunstan, Cassandra M. Modahl, Timothy N. W. Jackson, Saer Samanipour, Jeroen Kool
This study provides a new methodology for the rapid analysis of numerous venom samples in an automated fashion. Here, we use LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry) for venom separation and toxin analysis at the accurate mass level combined with new in-house written bioinformatic scripts to obtain high-throughput results. This analytical methodology was validated using 31 venoms from all members
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Standard Quality Characteristics and Efficacy of a New Third-Generation Antivenom Developed in Colombia Covering Micrurus spp. Venoms Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Santiago Tabares Vélez, Lina María Preciado, Leidy Johana Vargas Muñoz, Carlos Alberto Madrid Bracamonte, Angelica Zuluaga, Jeisson Gómez Robles, Camila Renjifo-Ibañez, Sebastián Estrada-Gómez
In Colombia, Micrurus snakebites are classified as severe according to the national clinical care guidelines and must be treated with specific antivenoms. Unfortunately, these types of antivenoms are scarce in certain areas of the country and are currently reported as an unavailable vital medicine. To address this issue, La Universidad de Antioquia, through its spin-off Tech Life Saving, is leading
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The Role of Botulinum Toxin Type-A in Spasticity: Research Trends from a Bibliometric Analysis Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Salvatore Facciorusso, Stefania Spina, Alessandro Picelli, Alessio Baricich, Gerard E. Francisco, Franco Molteni, Jörg Wissel, Andrea Santamato
Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) has emerged as a key therapeutic agent for the management of spasticity. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis of research concerning BoNT-A treatment of spasticity to elucidate current trends and future directions in this research area. A search was conducted in the Web of Science database for articles focused on the use of BoNT-A in spasticity
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Reducing the Impact of Headache and Allodynia Score in Chronic Migraine: An Exploratory Analysis from the Real-World Effectiveness of Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies Compared to Onabotulinum Toxin A (RAMO) Study Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 Danilo Antonio Montisano, Riccardo Giossi, Mattia Canella, Claudia Altamura, Marilena Marcosano, Fabrizio Vernieri, Alberto Raggi, Licia Grazzi
Background: Chronic migraine (CM) is a disabling and hard-to-treat condition, associated with high disability and high cost. Among the preventive treatments, botulinum toxin A (BoNT-a) and monoclonal antibodies against the calcitonin gene-related protein (anti-CGRP mAbs) are the only disease-specific ones. The assessment of the disease burden is complex, and among others, tools such as the allodynia
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The Effect of Combined Exposure of Fusarium Mycotoxins on Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Defense, Fatty Acid Profile, and Histopathology in Laying Hens’ Liver Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 Szabina Kulcsár, Janka Turbók, György Kövér, Krisztián Balogh, Erika Zándoki, Patrik Gömbös, Omeralfaroug Ali, András Szabó, Miklós Mézes
Fumonisin B1, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol are frequently detected in feed materials. The mycotoxins induce free radical formation and, thereby, lipid peroxidation. The effects of mycotoxin exposure at the EU recommended limit (T-2/HT-2 toxin: 0.25 mg/kg; DON = 3AcDON/15-AScDON: 5 mg/kg; fumonisin B1: 20 mg/kg) and double dose (T-2/HT-2 toxin: 0.5 mg/kg, DON/3-AcDON/15-AcDON: 10 mg, and FB1: 40 mg/kg
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The Molecular Architecture and Mode of Action of Clostridium perfringens ε-Toxin Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 Richard W. Titball
Clostridium perfringens ε-toxin has long been associated with a severe enterotoxaemia of livestock animals, and more recently, was proposed to play a role in the etiology of multiple sclerosis in humans. The remarkable potency of the toxin has intrigued researchers for many decades, who suggested that this indicated an enzymatic mode of action. Recently, there have been major breakthroughs by finding
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Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Michel R. Popoff
Bacterial protein toxins are secreted by certain bacteria and are responsible for mild to severe diseases in humans and animals. They are among the most potent molecules known, which are active at very low concentrations. Bacterial protein toxins exhibit a wide diversity based on size, structure, and mode of action. Upon recognition of a cell surface receptor (protein, glycoprotein, and glycolipid)
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Patulin Biodegradation Mechanism Study in Pichia guilliermondii S15-8 Based on PgSDR-A5D9S1 Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Huijuan Xi, Yebo Wang, Xulei Ni, Minjie Zhang, Ying Luo
Patulin contamination has become a bottleneck problem in the safe production of fruit products, although biodegradation technology shows potential application value in patulin control. In the present study, the patulin biodegradation mechanism in a probiotic yeast, Pichia guilliermondii S15-8, was investigated. Firstly, the short-chain dehydrogenase PgSDR encoded by gene A5D9S1 was identified as a
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The Gene vepN Regulated by Global Regulatory Factor veA That Affects Aflatoxin Production, Morphological Development and Pathogenicity in Aspergillus flavus Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Jia Xu, Mengqi Jiang, Peng Wang, Qing Kong
Velvet (VeA), a light-regulated protein that shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, serves as a key global regulator of secondary metabolism in various Aspergillus species and plays a pivotal role in controlling multiple developmental processes. The gene vepN was chosen for further investigation through CHIP-seq analysis due to significant alterations in its interaction with VeA under varying
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High-Voltage Toxin’Roll: Electrostatic Charge Repulsion as a Dynamic Venom Resistance Trait in Pythonid Snakes Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Uthpala Chandrasekara, Emilie M. Broussard, Darin R. Rokyta, Bryan G. Fry
The evolutionary interplay between predator and prey has significantly shaped the development of snake venom, a critical adaptation for subduing prey. This arms race has spurred the diversification of the components of venom and the corresponding emergence of resistance mechanisms in the prey and predators of venomous snakes. Our study investigates the molecular basis of venom resistance in pythons
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Recent Developments in Engineering Non-Paralytic Botulinum Molecules for Therapeutic Applications Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Aisha Zhantleuova, Charlotte Leese, Anna P. Andreou, Altynay Karimova, Guy Carpenter, Bazbek Davletov
This review discusses the expanding application of botulinum neurotoxin in treating neurological conditions. The article specifically explores novel approaches to using non-paralytic botulinum molecules. These new molecules, such as BiTox or el-iBoNT, offer an alternative for patients who face limitations in using paralytic forms of botulinum neurotoxin due to concerns about muscle function loss. We
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Meat Starter Culture Reduces Aspergillus parasiticus Production of Aflatoxins on Meat-Based and Salami Model Media Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Iva Zahija Jazbec, Lea Demšar, Barbka Jeršek, Tomaž Polak
There is great concern about the risk posed by the consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxins (AF), produced mostly by Aspergillus strains, that can also be found in dry-fermented meat products (DFMPs). The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of meat starter culture (SC), frequently used for fermentation in the meat industry, on A. parasiticus growth and the production
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The Complex Role of Botulinum Toxin in Enhancing Goal Achievement for Post-Stroke Patients Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-31 Miruna Ioana Săndulescu, Delia Cinteză, Daniela Poenaru, Claudia-Gabriela Potcovaru, Horia Păunescu, Oana Andreia Coman
Introduction. The rehabilitation medical team is responsible for the therapeutic management of post-stroke patients and, therefore, for the complex therapeutic approach of spasticity. Considering the generous arsenal at our disposal in terms of both pharmacological treatment, through the possibility of administering botulinum toxin to combat spasticity, and in terms of accurate assessment through developed
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Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Yeast Cell Wall Extract Supple-Mentation during Mycotoxin Challenges on the Performance of Laying Hens Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Alexandra C. Weaver, Daniel M. Weaver, Nicholas Adams, Alexandros Yiannikouris
A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of mycotoxins (MT) without or with the inclusion of yeast cell wall extract (YCWE, Mycosorb®, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA) on laying hen performance. A total of 25 trials were collected from a literature search, and data were extracted from 8 of these that met inclusion criteria, for a total of 12 treatments and 1774 birds
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Detection of Extremely Low Level Ciguatoxins through Monitoring of Lithium Adduct Ions by Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Manami Kobayashi, Junichi Masuda, Naomasa Oshiro
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is the most common type of marine biotoxin food poisoning worldwide, and it is caused by ciguatoxins (CTXs), thermostable polyether toxins produced by dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa spp. It is typically caused by the consumption of large fish high on the food chain that have accumulated CTXs in their flesh. CTXs in trace amounts are found in natural samples, and they
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Endotoxin Translocation Is Increased in Broiler Chickens Fed a Fusarium Mycotoxin-Contaminated Diet Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Nicole Reisinger, Barbara Doupovec, Tibor Czabany, Filip Van Immerseel, Siska Croubels, Gunther Antonissen
Broiler chickens in livestock production face numerous challenges that can impact their health and welfare, including mycotoxin contamination and heat stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the combined effects of two mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FBs), along with short-term heat stress conditions, on broiler gut health and endotoxin translocation. An experiment was conducted
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Effects of a Curcumin/Silymarin/Yeast-Based Mycotoxin Detoxifier on Redox Status and Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets under Field Conditions Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Vasileios G. Papatsiros, Georgios I. Papakonstantinou, Nikolaos Voulgarakis, Christos Eliopoulos, Christina Marouda, Eleftherios Meletis, Irene Valasi, Polychronis Kostoulas, Dimitrios Arapoglou, Insaf Riahi, Georgios Christodoulopoulos, Dimitra Psalla
The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the effects of a novel mycotoxin detoxifier whose formulation includes clay (bentonite and sepiolite), phytogenic feed additives (curcumin and silymarin) and postbiotics (yeast products) on the health, performance and redox status of weaned piglets under the dietary challenge of fumonisins (FUMs). The study was conducted in duplicate in the course of
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Microbial Diversity Impacts Non-Protein Amino Acid Production in Cyanobacterial Bloom Cultures Collected from Lake Winnipeg Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Stephanie L. Bishop, Julia T. Solonenka, Ryland T. Giebelhaus, David T. R. Bakker, Isaac T. S. Li, Susan J. Murch
Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada is heavily impacted by harmful algal blooms that contain non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) produced by cyanobacteria: N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG), β-aminomethyl-L-alanine (BAMA), β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB). Our objective was to investigate the impact of microbial diversity on NPAA production by cyanobacteria using semi-purified
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Snakebites in Cameroon: Tolerance of a Snake Antivenom (Inoserp™ PAN-AFRICA) in Africa in Real-Life Conditions Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 David Benhammou, Jean-Philippe Chippaux, Rodrigue Ntone, Yoann Madec, Pierre Amta, Gaëlle Noel, Fai Njuwa Karl, Anaïs Perilhou, Lucrece Matchim, Marie Sanchez, Mark Ndifon, Pedro Clauteaux, Lucrèce Eteki, Yap Boum, Armand Seraphin Nkwescheu, Fabien Taieb
Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is a public health issue in sub-Saharan countries. Antivenom is the only etiological treatment. Excellent tolerance is essential in managing SBE successfully. This study aimed to evaluate tolerance of InoserpTM PAN-AFRICA (IPA). It was conducted on fourteen sites across Cameroon. IPA was administered intravenously and repeated at the same dose every two hours if needed
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The Cloning and Characterization of a Three-Finger Toxin Homolog (NXH8) from the Coralsnake Micrurus corallinus That Interacts with Skeletal Muscle Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Henrique Roman-Ramos, Álvaro R. B. Prieto-da-Silva, Humberto Dellê, Rafael S. Floriano, Lourdes Dias, Stephen Hyslop, Raphael Schezaro-Ramos, Denis Servent, Gilles Mourier, Jéssica Lopes de Oliveira, Douglas Edgard Lemes, Letícia V. Costa-Lotufo, Jane S. Oliveira, Milene Cristina Menezes, Regina P. Markus, Paulo Lee Ho
Coralsnakes (Micrurus spp.) are the only elapids found throughout the Americas. They are recognized for their highly neurotoxic venom, which is comprised of a wide variety of toxins, including the stable, low-mass toxins known as three-finger toxins (3FTx). Due to difficulties in venom extraction and availability, research on coralsnake venoms is still very limited when compared to that of other Elapidae
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Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Concentrations of Trichothecenes, Their Glucosides, and Emerging Fusarium Toxins in Naturally Contaminated, Irradiated, and Fusarium langsethiae Inoculated Oats Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Abimbola Oluwakayode, Brett Greer, Julie Meneely, Franz Berthiller, Rudolf Krska, Angel Medina
Trichothecenes produced by Fusarium species are commonly detected in oats. However, the ratios of the concentrations of free trichothecenes and their conjugates and how they are impacted by different interacting environmental conditions are not well documented. This study aims to examine the effect of water activity (0.95 and 0.98 aw) and temperature (20 and 25 °C) stress on the production of T-2 and
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Comprehensive Analysis of Bufadienolide and Protein Profiles of Gland Secretions from Medicinal Bufo Species Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Yunge Fang, Liangmian Chen, Pengfei Wang, Yating Liu, Yuxiu Wang, Zhimin Wang, Yue Ma, Huimin Gao
Toad Venom (TV) is the dried product of toxic secretions from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor (BgC) or B. melanostictus Schneider (BmS). Given the increasing medical demand and the severe depletion of wild toads, a number of counterfeit TVs appeared on the market, posing challenges to its quality control. In order to develop an efficient, feasible, and comprehensive approach to evaluate TV quality, a
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Exploration of Cytochrome P450-Related Interactions between Aflatoxin B1 and Tiamulin in Broiler Chickens Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Pan Sun, Orphélie Lootens, Tadele Kabeta, Diethard Reckelbus, Natalia Furman, Xingyuan Cao, Suxia Zhang, Gunther Antonissen, Siska Croubels, Marthe De Boevre, Sarah De Saeger
Poultry may face simultaneous exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and tiamulin (TIA), given mycotoxin contamination and antibiotic use. As both mycotoxins and antibiotics can affect cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450), our study aimed to explore their interaction. We developed UHPLC-MS/MS methods for the first-time determination of the interaction between TIA and AFB1 in vitro and in vivo in broiler chickens
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Botulinum Toxin Injections to Manage Sequelae of Peripheral Facial Palsy Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Fabienne Carré, Jérémy Amar, Frédéric Tankéré, Claire Foirest
Long-standing facial palsy sequelae cause functional, aesthetic, and psychological problems in patients. Botulinum toxin is an effective way to manage them, but no standardized recommendations exist. Through this non-systematic review, we aimed to guide any practitioner willing to master the ins and outs of this activity. We reviewed the existing literature and completed, with our experience as a reference
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Bacillus thuringiensis: A Broader View of Its Biocidal Activity Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Leopoldo Palma, Diego Herman Sauka, Jorge E. Ibarra
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms spores and produces parasporal crystalline inclusions containing Cry and Cyt proteins [...]
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New Analytical Approach to Quinolizidine Alkaloids and Their Assumed Biosynthesis Pathways in Lupin Seeds Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Dvory Namdar, Patrick P. J. Mulder, Eyal Ben-Simchon, Yael Hacham, Loai Basheer, Ofer Cohen, Marcelo Sternberg, Oren Shelef
Alkaloids play an essential role in protecting plants against herbivores. Humans can also benefit from the pharmacological effects of these compounds. Plants produce an immense variety of structurally different alkaloids, including quinolizidine alkaloids, a group of bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic compounds produced by Lupinus species. Various lupin species produce different alkaloid profiles. To study
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Cationicity Enhancement on the Hydrophilic Face of Ctriporin Significantly Reduces Its Hemolytic Activity and Improves the Antimicrobial Activity against Antibiotic-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Xudong Luo, Huan Deng, Li Ding, Xiangdong Ye, Fang Sun, Chenhu Qin, Zongyun Chen
The ESKAPE pathogen-associated antimicrobial resistance is a global public health issue, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The short cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) family represents an important subfamily of scorpion-derived AMPs, but high hemolysis and poor antimicrobial activity hinder their therapeutic application. Here, we recomposed the hydrophilic face of Ctriporin through
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Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment of Multi-Mycotoxins (AFB1, AFM1, OTA, OTB, DON, T-2 and HT-2) in the Lebanese Food Basket Consumed by Adults: Findings from the Updated Lebanese National Consumption Survey through a Total Diet Study Approach Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Maha Hoteit, Zahraa Abbass, Rouaa Daou, Nikolaos Tzenios, Lamis Chmeis, Joyce Haddad, Mohamad Chahine, Elham Al Manasfi, Abdulrahman Chahine, Omasyarifa Binti Jamal Poh, André El Khoury
Mycotoxins have been linked to adverse health impacts, including liver cancer and kidney diseases. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the dietary exposure of Lebanese adults to multi-mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), ochratoxin A (OTA), ochratoxin B (OTB), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2) and to assess their associated health risks. Hence, a nationally representative
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Paradoxical Exception to Island Tameness: Increased Defensiveness in an Insular Population of Rattlesnakes Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 William K. Hayes, Carl E. Person, Gerad A. Fox, Julie L. King, Erick Briggs, Eric C. K. Gren
Island tameness results largely from a lack of natural predators. Because some insular rattlesnake populations lack functional rattles, presumably the consequence of relaxed selection from reduced predation, we hypothesized that on Santa Catalina Island, California, USA, populations of the southern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri), which possesses functional rattles, would exhibit a decrement
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The Effects of T-2 Toxin, Deoxynivalenol, and Fumonisin B1 on Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in the Kidneys of Laying Hens Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Benjamin Kövesi, Szabina Kulcsár, Zsolt Ancsin, Márta Erdélyi, Erika Zándoki, Patrik Gömbös, Krisztián Balogh, Miklós Mézes
In the context of nephrotoxic risks associated with environmental contaminants, this study focused on the impact of mycotoxin exposure on the renal health of laying hens, with particular attention to oxidative stress pathways. Sixty laying hens were assigned to three groups—a control group (CON), a low-dose mycotoxin group (LOW), and a high-dose mycotoxin group (HIGH)—and monitored for 72 h. Mycotoxin
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Unveiling the Diversity and Modifications of Short Peptides in Buthus martensii Scorpion Venom through Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Ling Zeng, Cangman Zhang, Mingrong Yang, Jianfeng Sun, Jingguang Lu, Huixia Zhang, Jianfeng Qin, Wei Zhang, Zhihong Jiang
More recently, short peptides in scorpion venom have received much attention because of their potential for drug discovery. Although various biological effects of these short peptides have been found, their studies have been hindered by the lack of structural information especially in modifications. In this study, small peptides from scorpion venom were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography
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Bothrops lanceolatus Envenoming in Martinique: A Historical Perspective of the Clinical Effectiveness of Bothrofav Antivenom Treatment Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Dabor Resiere, Jonathan Florentin, Hossein Mehdaoui, Hatem Kallel, Veronique Legris-Allusson, Papa Gueye, Remi Neviere
Bothrofav, a monospecific antivenom, was introduced in June 1991 and has shown excellent effectiveness against life-threatening and thrombotic complications of Bothrops lanceolatus envenoming. Because of the reoccurrence of cerebral stroke events despite the timely administration of antivenom, new batches of Bothrofav were produced and introduced into clinical use in January 2011. This study’s aim
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Red Orange and Lemon Extract Ameliorates the Renal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Ochratoxin A through the Modulation of Nrf2 Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Consiglia Longobardi, Sara Damiano, Simona Fabroni, Serena Montagnaro, Valeria Russo, Emanuela Vaccaro, Antonio Giordano, Salvatore Florio, Roberto Ciarcia
Background: The presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in food and feed is a public health concern. OTA intoxication is caused by several mechanisms, one of which consists of the alteration of the antioxidant activity of the cell due to the oxidative stress (OS). In this context, the use of natural antioxidant substances could be a potential biological decontamination method of mitigating the negative outcomes
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Immunochemical Recognition of Bothrops rhombeatus Venom by Two Polyvalent Antivenoms Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Karen Sarmiento, Jorge Zambrano, Carlos Galvis, Álvaro Molina-Olivares, Marisol Margarita Villadiego-Molinares, Johanna Alejandra Ramírez-Martínez, Ana Lucía Castiblanco, Fabio A. Aristizabal
The protein profile of Bothrops rhombeatus venom was compared to Bothrops asper and Bothrops atrox, and the effectiveness of antivenoms from the National Institute of Health of Colombia (INS) and Antivipmyn-Tri (AVP-T) of Mexico were analyzed. Protein profiles were studied with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
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Botulinum Toxin for Pain Relief in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Lorenzo Lippi, Alessandro de Sire, Alessio Turco, Martina Ferrillo, Serdar Kesikburun, Alessio Baricich, Stefano Carda, Marco Invernizzi
Cancer pain is one of the most disabling symptoms complained by cancer patients, with a crucial impact on physical and psychological well-being. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) type A and B have emerged as potential interventions for chronic pain; however, their role in these patients is still debated. Thus, this systematic review of randomized controlled trials aimed at assessing the effects of BoNT
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Mutations at Two Key Sites in PP2A Safeguard Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons from Microcystin-LR Toxicity Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Chunhua Zhan, Jianke Gong
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a secondary metabolite produced by cyanobacteria, globally renowned for its potent hepatotoxicity. However, an increasing body of research suggests that it also exhibits pronounced neurotoxicity. PP2A is a fundamental intracellular phosphatase that plays a pivotal role in cell development and survival. Although extensive research has focused on the binding of MC-LR to the
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Development of a Rapid and Sensitive CANARY Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Shiga Toxin 2 from Escherichia coli Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Christina C. Tam, Yangyang Wang, Wen-Xian Du, Andrew R. Flannery, Xiaohua He
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes a wide spectrum of diseases including hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The current Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) testing methods for STEC use the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) protocol, which includes enrichment, cell plating, and genomic sequencing and takes time to complete
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Integration of Multi-Omics, Histological, and Biochemical Analysis Reveals the Toxic Responses of Nile Tilapia Liver to Chronic Microcystin-LR Exposure Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Yichao Li, Huici Yang, Bing Fu, Gen Kaneko, Hongyan Li, Jingjing Tian, Guangjun Wang, Mingken Wei, Jun Xie, Ermeng Yu
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a cyanobacterial metabolite produced during cyanobacterial blooms and is toxic to aquatic animals, and the liver is the main targeted organ of MC-LR. To comprehensively understand the toxicity mechanism of chronic exposure to environmental levels of MC-LR on the liver of fish, juvenile Nile tilapia were exposed to 0 μg/L (control), 1 μg/L (M1), 3 μg/L (M3), 10 μg/L (M10),
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Diversity and Molecular Evolution of Antimicrobial Peptides in Caecilian Amphibians Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Mario Benítez-Prián, Héctor Lorente-Martínez, Ainhoa Agorreta, David J. Gower, Mark Wilkinson, Kim Roelants, Diego San Mauro
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key molecules in the innate immune defence of vertebrates with rapid action, broad antimicrobial spectrum, and ability to evade pathogen resistance mechanisms. To date, amphibians are the major group of vertebrates from which most AMPs have been characterised, but most studies have focused on the bioactive skin secretions of anurans (frogs and toads). In this study
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Report from the 29th Meeting on Toxinology, “Toxins: From the Wild to the Lab”, Organized by the French Society of Toxinology on 30 November–1 December 2023 Toxins (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Pascale Marchot, Ziad Fajloun, Christian Legros, Évelyne Benoit, Sylvie Diochot
The French Society of Toxinology (SFET), which celebrated its 30th anniversary this year, organized its 29th annual Meeting (RT29), shared by 87 participants, on 30 November–1 December 2023. The RT29 main theme, “Toxins: From the Wild to the Lab”, focused on research in the field of animal venoms and animal, bacterial, fungal, or plant toxins, from their discovery in nature to their study in the laboratory