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Construction of recombinant fluorescent LSDV for high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Jingyu Wang, Jinzhao Ji, Yongcheng Zhong, Wenxin Meng, Shaobin Wan, Xiaoqing Ding, Zihan Chen, Weiyong Wu, Kun Jia, Shoujun Li
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection is a major socio-economic issue that seriously threatens the global cattle-farming industry. Here, a recombinant virus LSDV-ΔTK/EGFP, expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), was constructed with a homologous recombination system and applied to the high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs. LSDV-ΔTK/EGFP replicates in various kidney cell lines
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An equine iPSC-based phenotypic screening platform identifies pro- and anti-viral molecules against West Nile virus Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Marielle Cochet, François Piumi, Kamila Gorna, Noémie Berry, Gaëlle Gonzalez, Anne Danckaert, Nathalie Aulner, Odile Blanchet, Stéphan Zientara, Francesc Xavier Donadeu, Hélène Munier-Lehmann, Jennifer Richardson, Alexandra Benchoua, Muriel Coulpier
Outbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) occur periodically, affecting both human and equine populations. There are no vaccines for humans, and those commercialised for horses do not have sufficient coverage. Specific antiviral treatments do not exist. Many drug discovery studies have been conducted, but since rodent or primate cell lines are normally used, results cannot always be transposed to horses.
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Pasteurella multocida activates Rassf1-Hippo-Yap pathway to induce pulmonary epithelial apoptosis Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Guangfu Zhao, Yunhan Tang, Xiongli Liu, Pan Li, Tianci Zhang, Nengzhang Li, Fang He, Yuanyi Peng
Pasteurella multocida is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen that primarily causes fatal respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia and respiratory syndromes. However, the precise mechanistic understanding of how P. multocida disrupts the epithelial barrier in mammalian lung remains largely unknown. In this study, using unbiased RNA-seq analysis, we found that the evolutionarily conserved Hippo-Yap pathway
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A matter of differentiation: equine enteroids as a model for the in vivo intestinal epithelium Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Christina Windhaber, Anna Heckl, Georg Csukovich, Barbara Pratscher, Iwan Anton Burgener, Nora Biermann, Franziska Dengler
Epithelial damage due to gastrointestinal disorders frequently causes severe disease in horses. To study the underlying pathophysiological processes, we aimed to establish equine jejunum and colon enteroids (eqJE, eqCE) mimicking the in vivo epithelium. Therefore, enteroids were cultivated in four different media for differentiation and subsequently characterized histomorphologically, on mRNA and on
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Correction: Comparative analysis of the interactions of different Streptococcus suis strains with monocytes, granulocytes and the complement system in porcine blood Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Haodan Zhu, Uwe Müller, Christoph Georg Baums, Sophie Öhlmann
Correction: Veterinary Research (2024) 55:14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01268-z Following publication of the original article [1], the authors informed us that in the legend of Figure 4C cps2 Zoo1 is identical to cps2 483. Comment: Unfortunately, strain 483 is currently already published in the MLST database with the name Zoo1, though 483 is the name provided in the original publication. Zhu
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A chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 strain containing synthetic ORF2-6 genes can trigger T follicular helper cell and heterologous neutralizing antibody responses and confer enhanced cross-protection Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Shubin Li, Ming Qiu, Shuai Li, Chen Li, Hong Lin, Yuejia Qiu, Wenhao Qi, Binghui Feng, Meng Cui, Shuai Yang, Wanglong Zheng, Shaobin Shang, Kegong Tian, Jianzhong Zhu, Yu Lu, Nanhua Chen
The prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) isolates has continued to increase in Chinese swine herds in recent years. However, no effective control strategy is available for PRRSV1 infection in China. In this study, we generated the first infectious cDNA clone (rHLJB1) of a Chinese PRRSV1 isolate and subsequently used it as a backbone to construct an ORF2-6 chimeric
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Non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) inhibits innate immune responses via induction of mitophagy Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Zhijun Li, Ying Zhang, Bao Zhao, Qinghong Xue, Chunjiang Wang, Siyu Wan, Jingyu Wang, Xiwen Chen, Xuefeng Qi
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. Mitophagy plays important roles in virus-host interactions. Here, we provide evidence that non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV shifts the balance of mitochondrial dynamics toward fission and induces mitophagy to inhibit innate immune responses. Mechanistically, NCP BVDV triggers the translocation of dynamin-related
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Molecular mechanism of bovine Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Zhendong Ge, Jinxia Xu, Ke Yang, Longjian Wu, Shan Chen, Biao Chen, Jiangyao Tian, Jinpeng Zhang, Ahui Xu, Bei Huang, Houhui Song, Yang Yang
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by cell swelling, pore formation in the plasma membrane, lysis, and releases of cytoplasmic contents. To date, the molecular mechanism of human and murine Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis have been fully investigated. However, studies focusing on molecular mechanism of bovine Gasdermin D (bGSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and its function against
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Equine enteroid-derived monolayers recapitulate key features of parasitic intestinal nematode infection Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Stina Hellman, Frida Martin, Eva Tydén, Mikael E. Sellin, Albin Norman, Bernt Hjertner, Pia Svedberg, Caroline Fossum
Stem cell-derived organoid cultures have emerged as attractive experimental models for infection biology research regarding various types of gastro-intestinal pathogens and host species. However, the large size of infectious nematode larvae and the closed structure of 3-dimensional organoids often hinder studies of the natural route of infection. To enable easy administration to the apical surface
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New threats in the recovery of large carnivores inhabiting human-modified landscapes: the case of the Cantabrian brown bear (Ursus arctos) Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Ana Balseiro, Gloria Herrero-García, Juan Francisco García Marín, Ramón Balsera, Juana María Monasterio, David Cubero, Gabriel de Pedro, Álvaro Oleaga, Alberto García-Rodríguez, Israel Espinoza, Benjamín Rabanal, Gorka Aduriz, José Tuñón, Christian Gortázar, Luis José Royo
Understanding mortality causes is important for the conservation of endangered species, especially in small and isolated populations inhabiting anthropized landscapes where both natural and human-caused mortality may hinder the conservation of these species. We investigated the mortality causes of 53 free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) found dead between 1998 and 2023 in the Cantabrian Mountains
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Variation in the affinity of three representative avian adenoviruses for the cellular coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Yapeng Song, Mingyue Tao, Lin Liu, Yang Wang, Zhenchao Zhao, Zongmei Huang, Wenming Gao, Qiang Wei, Xinsheng Li
According to previous studies, three representative avian adenoviral strains utilize coxsackievirus–adenovirus receptor (CAR) as a receptor and seem to exhibit diverse binding affinities and modes. Thus, further revealing the exact molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between different FAdVs and the attachment receptor CAR is necessary. In this study, we successfully solved the crystal structure
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Molecular basis for the different PCV2 susceptibility of T-lymphoblasts in Landrace and Piétrain pigs Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Yueling Ouyang, Hans J. Nauwynck
Clinically, Landrace pigs are more susceptible to porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs) than Piétrain pigs. We previously found that porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) can infect T-lymphoblasts. The present study examined the replication kinetics of six PCV2 strains in the lymphoblasts of Landrace and Piétrain pigs. The results showed that T-lymphoblasts from Landrace pigs are much more susceptible
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Genomic characteristics of cfr and fexA carrying Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pig carcasses in Korea Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Eiseul Kim, Seung-Min Yang, Hyo-Sun Kwak, Bo-Youn Moon, Suk-Kyung Lim, Hae-Yeong Kim
The emergence of transferable linezolid resistance genes poses significant challenges to public health, as it does not only confer linezolid resistance but also reduces susceptibility to florfenicol, which is widely used in the veterinary field. This study evaluated the genetic characteristics of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from pig carcasses and further clarified potential
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Effects of topical application of resveratrol on tight junction barrier and antimicrobial compound production in lactating goat mammary glands Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Yusaku Tsugami, Takahiro Nii, Naoki Isobe
In mammary glands, the formation of less-permeable tight junctions (TJs) and the production of antimicrobial compounds like lactoferrin and defensins are important for preventing mastitis. Resveratrol, a polyphenol contained in red grapes, is known to protect mammary epithelial cells (MECs) from oxidative stress; however, oral administration of resveratrol causes a decrease in certain biological processes
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Characterizing the detection of inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae DNA in the respiratory tract of pigs Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Albert Canturri, Maria Pieters
A positive Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae PCR result in a clinical specimen may eventually represent the mere detection of non-viable bacteria, complicating the diagnostic interpretation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the PCR detection of non-viable M. hyopneumoniae and its residual cell-free DNA in live pigs. Pigs were inoculated with either active or inactivated M. hyopneumoniae and
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Temperature impacts the bovine ex vivo immune response towards Mycoplasmopsis bovis Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Thomas Démoulins, Thatcha Yimthin, Dorothea Lindtke, Lukas Eggerschwiler, Raphael Siegenthaler, Fabien Labroussaa, Joerg Jores
Although cattle are the mammalian species with most global biomass associated with a huge impact on our planet, their immune system remains poorly understood. Notably, the bovine immune system has peculiarities such as an overrepresentation of γδ T cells that requires particular attention, specifically in an infectious context. In line of 3R principles, we developed an ex vivo platform to dissect host–pathogen
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Characterization of pig tonsils as niches for the generation of Streptococcus suis diversity Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Kai Kobayashi, Hiroaki Kubota, Mari Tohya, Megumi Ushikubo, Miki Yamamoto, Tsukasa Ariyoshi, Yumi Uchitani, Morika Mitobe, Rumi Okuno, Ichiro Nakagawa, Tsutomu Sekizaki, Jun Suzuki, Kenji Sadamasu
Streptococcus suis is a gram-positive bacterium that causes meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other disorders in pigs and humans. We obtained 42 and 50 S. suis isolates from lesions of porcine endocarditis and palatine tonsils, respectively, of clinically healthy pigs in Japan; we then determined their sequence types (STs) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), cps genotypes, serotypes, and
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Use of live attenuated recombinant Newcastle disease virus carrying avian paramyxovirus 2 HN and F protein genes to enhance immune responses against species A rotavirus VP6 protein Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Rofaida Mostafa Soliman, Keisuke Nishioka, Fumi Murakoshi, Takaaki Nakaya
Numerous infectious diseases in cattle lead to reductions in body weight, milk production, and reproductive performance. Cattle are primarily vaccinated using inactivated vaccines due to their increased safety. However, inactivated vaccines generally result in weaker immunity compared with live attenuated vaccines, which may be insufficient in certain cases. Over the last few decades, there has been
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The role of Helicobacter suis, Fusobacterium gastrosuis, and the pars oesophageal microbiota in gastric ulceration in slaughter pigs receiving meal or pelleted feed Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Emily Taillieu, Steff Taelman, Sofie De Bruyckere, Evy Goossens, Ilias Chantziaras, Christophe Van Steenkiste, Peter Yde, Steven Hanssens, Dimitri De Meyer, Wim Van Criekinge, Michiel Stock, Dominiek Maes, Koen Chiers, Freddy Haesebrouck
This study investigated the role of causative infectious agents in ulceration of the non-glandular part of the porcine stomach (pars oesophagea). In total, 150 stomachs from slaughter pigs were included, 75 from pigs that received a meal feed, 75 from pigs that received an equivalent pelleted feed with a smaller particle size. The pars oesophagea was macroscopically examined after slaughter. (q)PCR
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Comparative analysis of the interactions of different Streptococcus suis strains with monocytes, granulocytes and the complement system in porcine blood Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Haodan Zhu, Uwe Müller, Christoph Georg Baums, Sophie Öhlmann
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important porcine pathogen causing meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia. Serotypes 2 and 14 are the most common zoonotic ones worldwide, whereas serotypes 2, 9, and 7 are very important in pigs in Europe. To cause invasive infections S. suis needs to enter the bloodstream. Consequently, the immune response in blood represents an important line of defense and bacteremia
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Genes and pathways revealed by whole transcriptome analysis of milk derived bovine mammary epithelial cells after Escherichia coli challenge Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Terhi Iso-Touru, Frank Panitz, Daniel Fischer, Minna K. Kyläniemi, Suvi Taponen, Jonna Tabell, Anneli Virta, Johanna Vilkki
Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is the costliest disease in dairy cattle and a major animal welfare concern. Mastitis is usually caused by bacteria, of which staphylococci, streptococci and Escherichia coli are most frequently isolated from bovine mastitis. Bacteria activate the mammary immune system in variable ways, thereby influencing the severity of the disease. Escherichia coli is
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From obscurity to urgency: a comprehensive analysis of the rising threat of duck circovirus Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Xinnuo Lei, Anping Wang, Shanyuan Zhu, Shuang Wu
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is a small, nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus with immunosuppressive effects on ducks that leads to slow growth and elevated mortality following mixed infections. Its infection manifests as feather loss, slow growth, swelling of respiratory tissue, and damage to immune organs in ducks. Although single infections with DuCV do not cause noticeable clinical symptoms, its ability
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Genomic and phenotypic analysis of invasive Streptococcus suis isolated in Spain reveals genetic diversification and associated virulence traits Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Cristina Uruén, Ana Fernandez, José Luis Arnal, Mateo del Pozo, Maria Casas Amoribieta, Ignacio de Blas, Paula Jurado, Jorge Hugo Calvo, Marcelo Gottschalk, Luis Daniel González-Vázquez, Miguel Arenas, Clara M. Marín, Jesús Arenas
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes a major health problem in the pig production industry worldwide. Spain is one of the largest pig producers in the world. This work aimed to investigate the genetic and phenotypic features of invasive S. suis isolates recovered in Spain. A panel of 156 clinical isolates recovered from 13 Autonomous Communities, representing the major pig producers
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An apicoplast-localized deubiquitinase contributes to the cell growth and apicoplast homeostasis of Toxoplasma gondii Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Jie Xia, Yimin Yang, Xueqiu Chen, Kaiyue Song, Guangxu Ma, Yi Yang, Chaoqun Yao, Aifang Du
Toxoplasma gondii is among the most important parasites worldwide. The apicoplast is a unique organelle shared by all Apicomplexan protozoa. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that the apicoplast possesses its own ubiquitination system. Deubiquitination is a crucial step executed by deubiquitinase (DUB) during protein ubiquitination. While multiple components of ubiquitination have been identified
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ZNF283, a Krüppel-associated box zinc finger protein, inhibits RNA synthesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by interacting with Nsp9 and Nsp10 Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Heyou Yi, Ruirui Ye, Ermin Xie, Lechen Lu, Qiumei Wang, Shaojun Wang, Yankuo Sun, Tao Tian, Yingwu Qiu, Qianwen Wu, Guihong Zhang, Heng Wang
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a viral pathogen with substantial economic implications for the global swine industry. The existing vaccination strategies and antiviral drugs offer limited protection. Replication of the viral RNA genome encompasses a complex series of steps, wherein a replication complex is assembled from various components derived from both viral and
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Inflammatory responses and barrier disruption in the trachea of chicks following Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection: a focus on the TNF-α-NF-κB/MLCK pathway Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Lemiao Zhong, Chunlin Wu, Yan Zhao, Baoqin Huang, Zhongbao Luo, Yijian Wu
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) can induce persistent inflammatory damage to the tracheal mucosa of poultry and cause chronic respiratory diseases in chickens. To further investigate the mechanism of MG-induced injury to the tracheal mucosa, we used chick embryo tracheal organ culture (TOC) as a model to study the invasion and reproduction of MG, the effect of MG on tracheal morphology, and the potential
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Flubendazole carbonyl reduction in drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus: changes during the life cycle and possible inhibition Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Nikola Rychlá, Martina Navrátilová, Eliška Kohoutová, Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková, Karolína Štěrbová, Josef Krátký, Petra Matoušková, Barbora Szotáková, Lenka Skálová
Carbonyl-reducing enzymes (CREs) catalyse the reduction of carbonyl groups in many eobiotic and xenobiotic compounds in all organisms, including helminths. Previous studies have shown the important roles of CREs in the deactivation of several anthelmintic drugs (e.g., flubendazole and mebendazole) in adults infected with the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus, in which the activity of a CRE is
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Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of iron acquisition in diverse bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococcal strains Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Helena Reydams, Bruno Toledo-Silva, Kristien Mertens, Sofie Piepers, Nick Vereecke, Fernando Nogueira Souza, Freddy Haesebrouck, Sarne De Vliegher
Although the role of iron in bacterial infections has been well described for Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, iron acquisition in (bovine-associated) non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) remains insufficiently mapped. This study aimed at elucidating differences between four diverse bovine NASM field strains from two species, namely S. chromogenes and S. equorum, in regards to iron uptake (with
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The role of PB1-F2 in adaptation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H7N7 in chickens Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Luise Hohensee, David Scheibner, Alexander Schäfer, Holly Shelton, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Angele Breithaupt, Anca Dorhoi, Elsayed M. Abdelwhab, Ulrike Blohm
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the H7N7 subtype are enzootic in the wild bird reservoir in Europe, cause infections in poultry, and have sporadically infected humans. The non-structural protein PB1-F2 is encoded in a second open frame in the polymerase segment PB1 and its sequence varies with the host of origin. While mammalian isolates predominantly carry truncated forms, avian isolates typically
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Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory proteins in different developmental stages of Trichinella spiralis Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Yadong Liu, Juncheng Liu, Nan Wang, Xihuo You, Yaming Yang, Jing Ding, Xiaolei Liu, Mingyuan Liu, Chen Li, Ning Xu
Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a zoonotic parasitic nematode with a unique life cycle, as all developmental stages are contained within a single host. Excretory-secretory (ES) proteins are the main targets of the interactions between T. spiralis and the host at different stages of development and are essential for parasite survival. However, the ES protein profiles of T. spiralis at different
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Galectin from Trichinella spiralis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Jianqing Li, Xiangjiang Wang, Qiuhui Wang, Yishen Hu, Shouan Wang, Jia Xu, Jianbin Ye
According to numerous reports, Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) and its antigens can reduce intestinal inflammation by modulating regulatory immunological responses in the host to maintain immune homeostasis. Galectin has been identified as a protein that is produced by T. spiralis, and its characterization revealed this protein has possible immune regulatory activity. However, whether recombinant
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Characteristics of the a sequence of the duck Plague virus genome and specific cleavage of the viral genome based on the a sequence Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Qiao Yang, Yaya Feng, Yuanxin Zhang, Mingshu Wang, Renyong Jia, Dekang Zhu, Shun Chen, Mafeng Liu, Xinxin Zhao, Ying Wu, Shaqiu Zhang, Bin Tian, Xumin Ou, Sai Mao, Juan Huang, Qun Gao, Di Sun, Zhen Wu, Yu He, Ling Zhang, Yanling Yu, Anchun Cheng
During the replication process, the herpesvirus genome forms the head-to-tail linked concatemeric genome, which is then cleaved and packaged into the capsid. The cleavage and packing process is carried out by the terminase complex, which specifically recognizes and cleaves the concatemeric genome. This process is governed by a cis-acting sequence in the genome, named the a sequence. The a sequence
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Non-coding RNA in the gut of the blood-feeding parasitic worm, Haemonchus contortus Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Caixian Zhou, Waresi Tuersong, Lu Liu, Wenda Di, Li He, Fangfang Li, Chunqun Wang, Min Hu
The intestine of Haemonchus contortus is an essential tissue that has been indicated to be a major target for the prevention of haemonchosis caused by this parasitic nematode of small ruminants. Biological peculiarities of the intestine warrant in-depth exploitation, which can be leveraged for future disease control efforts. Here, we determined the intestinal ncRNA (lncRNA, circRNA and miRNA) atlas
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Vidofludimus inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection by targeting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Yuanqi Yang, Yanni Gao, Lujie Zhang, Xing Liu, Yangyang Sun, Juan Bai, Ping Jiang
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection has caused huge economic losses in global swine industry over the last 37 years. PRRSV commercial vaccines are not effective against all epidemic PRRSV strains. In this study we performed a high-throughput screening (HTS) of an FDA-approved drug library, which contained 2339 compounds, and found vidofludimus (Vi) could significantly
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Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by bedaquiline as an anti-Toxoplasma alternative Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Yuehong Shi, Yucong Jiang, Haolong Qiu, Dandan Hu, Xingju Song
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite that infects one-third of the world’s population and nearly all warm-blooded animals. Due to the complexity of T. gondii’s life cycle, available treatment options have limited efficacy. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new compounds or repurpose existing drugs with potent anti-Toxoplasma activity. This study demonstrates that bedaquiline (BDQ), an FDA-approved
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Early detection of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis with artificial intelligence Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Shekhar Gupta, Larry A. Kuehn, Michael L. Clawson
Artificial intelligence (AI) was developed to distinguish cattle by their muzzle patterns and identify early cases of disease, including infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). It was tested on 870 cattle in four locations, with 170 developing IBK. The AI identified 169 of the 170 cases prior to their identification by veterinarians, and another 17 cases that remained free of IBK signs (sensitivity = 99
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Differential infection behavior of African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype I and II in the upper respiratory tract Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Dayoung Oh, Shaojie Han, Marylène Tignon, Nadège Balmelle, Ann Brigitte Cay, Friso Griffioen, Brecht Droesbeke, Hans J. Nauwynck
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a substantial threat to pig populations worldwide, contributing to economic disruption and food security challenges. Its spread is attributed to the oronasal transmission route, particularly in animals with acute ASF. Our study addresses the understudied role of nasal mucosa in ASFV infection, using a nasal explant model. The explants remained viable and revealed
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The secretome of Staphylococcus aureus strains with opposite within-herd epidemiological behavior affects bovine mononuclear cell response Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Susanna Di Mauro, Joel Filipe, Alessia Facchin, Laura Roveri, Maria Filippa Addis, Valentina Monistero, Renata Piccinini, Giulia Sala, Davide Pravettoni, Clarissa Zamboni, Fabrizio Ceciliani, Cristina Lecchi
Staphylococcus aureus modulates the host immune response directly by interacting with the immune cells or indirectly by secreting molecules (secretome). Relevant differences in virulence mechanisms have been reported for the secretome produced by different S. aureus strains. The present study investigated the S. aureus secretome impact on peripheral bovine mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by comparing two
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Protective efficacy of multiepitope vaccines constructed from common antigens of Eimeria species in chickens Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Chen Chen, Junzhi Su, Mingmin Lu, Lixin Xu, Ruofeng Yan, Xiangrui Li, Xiaokai Song
Clinical avian coccidiosis is typically caused by coinfection with several Eimeria species. Recombinant protein and DNA vaccines have shown promise in controlling coccidiosis. On this basis, DNA vaccines that encode multiple epitopes from different Eimeria species may provide broad protection against coinfections. In this study, we designed a fusion gene fragment, 14EGT, that contained concentrated
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Streptococcus ruminantium-associated sheep mastitis outbreak detected in Italy is distinct from bovine isolates Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Maria Nives Rosa, Ben Vezina, Gavino Marogna, Antonella Canu, Monica Rosaria Molotzu, Sebastiana Tola
Streptococcus ruminantium is the causative agent of several bovine and ovine diseases, however reports are uncommon and application of whole genome sequencing to identify is rare. We report for the first time, a severe ovine mastitis outbreak caused by S. ruminantium in Italy, 2022. S. ruminantium was isolated from 12 adult lactating ewes with diffuse nodules in the mammary parenchyma and predominantly
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Molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of a novel chicken astrovirus variant Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Xiaoqing Bi, Zhenrui Song, Fanrun Meng, Shiwei Sun, Xusheng Du, Mengzan Yang, Defang Zhou, Xiangyu Cheng, Longying Ding, Hengyang Shi, Feng Lang, Huaibiao Luan, Bing Deng, Liangyu Yang, Ziqiang Cheng
It is well-established that the genetic diversity, regional prevalence, and broad host range of astroviruses significantly impact the poultry industry. In July 2022, a small-scale commercial broiler farm in China reported cases of growth retardation and a 3% mortality rate. From chickens displaying proventriculitis and pancreatitis, three chicken astroviruses (CAstV) isolates were obtained and named
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Molecular and functional characterization of Schistosoma japonicum annexin A13 Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Haoran Zhong, Ling Hou, Fanglin Qin, Yuqi Ren, Bowen Dong, Danlin Zhu, Hao Li, Ke Lu, Zhiqiang Fu, Jinming Liu, Shaopeng Gu, Yamei Jin
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects humans and animals in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Schistosome eggs are responsible for the pathogenesis and transmission of schistosomiasis, thus reducing egg production is vital for prevention and control of schistosomiasis. However, the mechanisms underlying schistosome reproduction remain unclear. Annexin proteins (ANXs)
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Host cell factors involved in classical swine fever virus entry Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Yaneysis Lamothe-Reyes, Maximiliano Figueroa, Oliberto Sánchez
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is an ancient pathogen that continues to pose a threat to animal agriculture worldwide. The virus belongs to the genus Pestivirus and the family Flaviviridae. It causes a multisystemic disease that affects only pigs and is responsible for significant economic losses. CSFV infection is probably a multistep process that involves the proteins in the virus envelope and
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The natural compound Sanggenon C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the TRAF2/NF-κB signalling pathway Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Xiao Liu, Yanan Zhu, Dan Wang, Ran Feng, Zhihao Chen, Zifang Zheng, Yang Li, Lele Xu, Haixue Zheng, Yunpeng Fan, Yupeng Yin, Shuqi Xiao
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a serious infectious disease and one of the major causes of death in the global pig industry. PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains have complex and diverse genetic characteristics and cross-protection between strains is low, which complicates vaccine selection; thus, the current vaccination strategy has been greatly compromised. Therefore, it is necessary
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Trichinella spiralis galectin binding to toll-like receptor 4 induces intestinal inflammation and mediates larval invasion of gut mucosa Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Kai Ning Ma, Yao Zhang, Zhao Yu Zhang, Bo Ning Wang, Yan Yan Song, Lu Lu Han, Xin Zhuo Zhang, Shao Rong Long, Jing Cui, Zhong Quan Wang
Previous studies showed that Trichinella spiralis galectin (Tsgal) facilitates larval invasion of intestinal epithelium cells (IECs). However, IEC proteins binding with Tsgal were not identified, and the mechanism by which Tsgal promotes larval invasion is not clear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are protein receptors responsible for recognition of pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate whether
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Intensive antibiotic treatment of sows with parenteral crystalline ceftiofur and tulathromycin alters the composition of the nasal microbiota of their offspring Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Laura Bonillo-Lopez, Pau Obregon-Gutierrez, Eva Huerta, Florencia Correa-Fiz, Marina Sibila, Virginia Aragon
The nasal microbiota plays an important role in animal health and the use of antibiotics is a major factor that influences its composition. Here, we studied the consequences of an intensive antibiotic treatment, applied to sows and/or their offspring, on the piglets’ nasal microbiota. Four pregnant sows were treated with crystalline ceftiofur and tulathromycin (CTsows) while two other sows received
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Milk fat miRNome changes in response to LPS challenge in Holstein cows Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Christine Leroux, Matteo Cuccato, Karol Pawłowski, Francesca Tiziana Cannizzo, Paola Sacchi, José A. A. Pires, Yannick Faulconnier
Mastitis is an inflammatory disease in dairy cows, causing economic losses and reducing animal welfare. In order to contribute for the discovery of early and noninvasive indicators, our objective was to determine the effects of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the microRNA profile (miRNome) of milk fat, using microarray analyses in cows. Cows were fed a lactation diet at ad libitum intake (n = 6)
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Chicken miR-148a-3p regulates immune responses against AIV by targeting the MAPK signalling pathway and IFN-γ Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Thi Hao Vu, Yeojin Hong, Jubi Heo, Suyeon Kang, Hyun S. Lillehoj, Yeong Ho Hong
MicroRNAs are involved in the immune systems of host animals and play essential roles in several immune-related pathways. In the current study, we investigated the systemic biological function of the chicken miRNA gga-miR-148a-3p on immune responses in chicken lines resistant and susceptible to HPAIV-H5N1. We found that gga-miR-148a expression in the lung tissue of H5N1-resistant chickens was significantly
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ProQ binding to small RNA RyfA promotes virulence and biofilm formation in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Zhongxing Wang, Rui Chen, Fufang Xia, Min Jiang, Dongyu Zhu, Yuting Zhang, Jianjun Dai, Xiangkai Zhuge
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a notable subpathotype of the nonhuman extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Recognized as an extraintestinal foodborne pathogen, the zoonotic potential of APEC/ExPEC allows for cross-host transmission via APEC-contaminated poultry meat and eggs. ProQ, an RNA binding protein, is evolutionarily conserved in E. coli. However, its regulatory roles in the
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Characterization of translocon proteins in the type III secretion system of Lawsonia intracellularis Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Beibei Huang, Zihe Zhu, Yimin Dai, Chengxian Yan, Jingyu Xu, Lingling Sun, Qinghua Zhang, Xuejiao An, Fenju Lai
Lawsonia intracellularis, the etiologic agent of proliferative enteropathy (PE), is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium possessing a type III secretion system (T3SS), which enables the pathogen to translocate effector proteins into targeted host cells to modulate their functions. T3SS is a syringe-like apparatus consisting of a base, an extracellular needle, a tip, and a translocon. The
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LppA is a novel plasminogen receptor of Mycoplasma bovis that contributes to adhesion by binding the host extracellular matrix and Annexin A2 Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Shuang Liu, Zhangcheng Li, Shimei Lan, Huafang Hao, Xiangrui Jin, Jinjia Liang, Ahmed Adel Baz, Xinmin Yan, Pengcheng Gao, Shengli Chen, Yuefeng Chu
Mycoplasma bovis is responsible for various inflammatory diseases in cattle. The prevention and control of M. bovis are complicated by the absence of effective vaccines and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, resulting in substantial economic losses worldwide in the cattle industry. Lipoproteins, vital components of the Mycoplasmas cell membrane, are deemed potent antigens for eliciting immune
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The CD2v protein of African swine fever virus inhibits macrophage migration and inflammatory cytokines expression by downregulating EGR1 expression through dampening ERK1/2 activity Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Min Zhang, Lilei Lv, Huaye Luo, Hongming Cai, Lingxue Yu, Yifeng Jiang, Fei Gao, Wu Tong, Liwei Li, Guoxin Li, Yanjun Zhou, Guangzhi Tong, Changlong Liu
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious and deadly virus that leads to high mortality rates in domestic swine populations. Although the envelope protein CD2v of ASFV has been implicated in immunomodulation, the molecular mechanisms underlying CD2v-mediated immunoregulation remain unclear. In this study, we generated a stable CD2v-expressing porcine macrophage (PAM-CD2v) line and investigated
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Fasciola hepatica soluble antigens (FhAg) induce ovine PMN innate immune reactions and NET formation in vitro and in vivo Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-12 Tamara Muñoz-Caro, Marcela Gómez-Ceruti, Liliana M. R. Silva, Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito, Henrik Wagner, Anja Taubert, Carlos Hermosilla
Fasciola hepatica causes liver fluke disease, a worldwide neglected and re-emerging zoonotic disease, leading to hepatitis in humans and livestock. In the pathogenesis, flukes actively migrate through liver parenchyma provoking tissue damage. Here, parasites must confront leukocytes of the innate immune system in vivo. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the most abundant granulocytes and first
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3D sheep rumen epithelial structures driven from single cells in vitro Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Zebang Xu, Xinxin Xu, Bin Yang, Yuling Mi, Jiakun Wang
Ruminants play a vital economic role as livestock, providing high-quality protein for humans. At present, 3D-cultured ruminant abomasum and intestinal organoids have been successfully established to study host and pathogen interaction. The rumen is a unique digestive organ of ruminants that occupies 70% of the volume of the digestive tract and its microbiota can decompose lignocellulose to support
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Duck Tembusu virus induces incomplete autophagy via the ERK/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR signalling pathways to promote viral replication in neuronal cells Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Qing Wang, Yaqian Jiang, Guangbin Bao, Weiping Yao, Qing Yang, Shuyue Chen, Guijun Wang
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a neurotropic virus in the genus Flavivirus that causes massive economic losses to the poultry industry in China and neighbouring countries. Autophagy is pivotal in cellular responses to pathogens and in viral pathogenesis. However, little is known about the roles of autophagy in DTMUV replication and viral pathogenesis, especially in neuropathogenesis. In this study,
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Infection with Pythium flevoense in a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) as a novel cause of dermatitis in marine mammals Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Edwin J. B. Veldhuis Kroeze, Cornelis E. van Elk, Marco W. G. van de Bildt, Peter R. W. A. van Run, Geoffrey Foster, Nissrine Abou-Chakra, Rasmus Krøger Hare, Thijs Kuiken
The oomycete Pythium flevoense was diagnosed as the cause of dermatitis in a young adult female harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) that had been trapped in a pound net in a temperate saltwater environment. Disease from Pythium sp. infection—pythiosis—is infrequently diagnosed in humans, horses, dogs, cattle, and few other mammalian species. Pythiosis is typically associated with exposure to tropical
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Infectious bursal disease virus: predicting viral pathotype using machine learning models focused on early changes in total blood cell counts Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Annonciade Molinet, Céline Courtillon, Stéphanie Bougeard, Alassane Keita, Béatrice Grasland, Nicolas Eterradossi, Sébastien Soubies
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an avian viral disease caused in chickens by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). IBDV strains (Avibirnavirus genus, Birnaviridae family) exhibit different pathotypes, for which no molecular marker is available yet. The different pathotypes, ranging from sub-clinical to inducing immunosuppression and high mortality, are currently determined through a 10-day-long
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Metabolites of non-aureus staphylococci affect the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to adhere to and internalize into bovine mammary epithelial cells Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Bruno Toledo-Silva, Ana Cláudia Dumont Oliveira, Fernando N. Souza, Freddy Haesebrouck, Sarne De Vliegher
This study investigated whether cell-free supernatants (SN) from four bovine non-aureus staphylococcal (NAS) isolates prevent Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to and internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) and if so, to determine whether such effects were potentially associated with the S. aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) system. Overall, we demonstrated that all SN obtained
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Salmonella adhesion is decreased by hypoxia due to adhesion and motility structure crosstalk Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Krzysztof Grzymajło, Agata Dutkiewicz, Joanna Czajkowska, Ewa Carolak, Adrianna Aleksandrowicz, Wiktoria Waszczuk
Initial stages of Salmonella Typhimurium infection involve a series of coordinated events aimed at reaching, attaching to, and invading host cells. Virulence factors such as flagella, fimbriae, and secretion systems play crucial roles in these events and are regulated in response to the host environment. The first point of contact between the pathogen and host is the intestinal epithelial layer, which
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Experimental transmission of ovine atypical scrapie to cattle Vet. Res. (IF 4.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Timm Konold, John Spiropoulos, Janet Hills, Hasina Abdul, Saira Cawthraw, Laura Phelan, Amy McKenna, Lauren Read, Sara Canoyra, Alba Marín-Moreno, Juan María Torres
Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle was caused by the recycling and feeding of meat and bone meal contaminated with a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agent but its origin remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether atypical scrapie could cause disease in cattle and to compare it with other known TSEs in cattle. Two groups of calves (five and two) were