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Generative AI in healthcare: an implementation science informed translational path on application, integration and governance Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Sandeep Reddy
Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI, has emerged as a transformative tool in healthcare, with the potential to revolutionize clinical decision-making and improve health outcomes. Generative AI, capable of generating new data such as text and images, holds promise in enhancing patient care, revolutionizing disease diagnosis and expanding treatment options. However, the utility and
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Navigating the field of implementation science towards maturity: challenges and opportunities Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 David A. Chambers, Karen M. Emmons
The field of implementation science has significantly expanded in size and scope over the past two decades, although work related to understanding implementation processes have of course long preceded the more systematic efforts to improve integration of evidence-based interventions into practice settings. While this growth has had significant benefits to research, practice, and policy, there are some
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Comparative effectiveness of implementation strategies for Accelerating Cervical Cancer Elimination through the integration of Screen-and-treat Services (ACCESS study): protocol for a cluster randomized hybrid type III trial in Nigeria Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Babayemi O. Olakunde, Ijeoma U. Itanyi, John O. Olawepo, Lin Liu, Chinenye Bembir, Ngozi Idemili-Aronu, Nwamaka N. Lasebikan, Tonia C. Onyeka, Cyril C. Dim, Chibuike O. Chigbu, Echezona E. Ezeanolue, Gregory A. Aarons
Despite the increased risk of cervical cancer (CC) among women living with HIV (WLHIV), CC screening and treatment (CCST) rates remain low in Africa. The integration of CCST services into established HIV programs in Africa can improve CC prevention and control. However, the paucity of evidence on effective implementation strategies (IS) has limited the success of integration in many countries. In this
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Evidence-based Medication knowledge Brokers in Residential Aged CarE (EMBRACE): protocol for a helix-counterbalanced randomised controlled trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 J. Simon Bell, Adam La Caze, Michelle Steeper, Terry P. Haines, Sarah N. Hilmer, Lakkhina Troeung, Lyntara Quirke, Jacqueline Wesson, Constance Dimity Pond, Laurie Buys, Nazanin Ghahreman-Falconer, Michael T. Lawless, Shakti Shrestha, Angelita Martini, Nancy Ochieng, Francesca Glamorgan, Carmela Lagasca, Rebecca Walton, Dayna Cenin, Alison Kitson, Monica Jung, Alexandra Bennett, Amanda J. Cross
Clinical practice guidelines recommend against the routine use of psychotropic medications in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Knowledge brokers are individuals or groups who facilitate the transfer of knowledge into practice. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of using knowledge brokers to translate Australia’s new Clinical Practice Guidelines
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Protocol for a parallel cluster randomized trial of a participatory tailored approach to reduce overuse of antibiotics at hospital discharge: the ROAD home trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Julia E. Szymczak, Lindsay A. Petty, Tejal N. Gandhi, Robert A. Neetz, Adam Hersh, Angela P. Presson, Peter K. Lindenauer, Steven J. Bernstein, Brandi M. Muller, Andrea T. White, Jennifer K. Horowitz, Scott A. Flanders, Justin D. Smith, Valerie M. Vaughn
Antibiotic overuse at hospital discharge is common, costly, and harmful. While discharge-specific antibiotic stewardship interventions are effective, they are resource-intensive and often infeasible for hospitals with resource constraints. This weakness impacts generalizability of stewardship interventions and has health equity implications as not all patients have access to the benefits of stewardship
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Organize and mobilize for implementation effectiveness to improve overdose education and naloxone distribution from syringe services programs: a randomized controlled trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Barrot H. Lambdin, Ricky N. Bluthenthal, Bryan R. Garner, Lynn D. Wenger, Erica N. Browne, Terry Morris, Lee Ongais, Cariné E. Megerian, Alex H. Kral
The United States (US) continues to face decades-long increases in opioid overdose fatalities. As an opioid overdose reversal medication, naloxone can dramatically reduce opioid overdose mortality rates when distributed to people likely to experience or witness an opioid overdose and packaged with education on its use, known as overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND). Syringe services programs
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Implementation strategies in suicide prevention: a scoping review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Jason I. Chen, Brandon Roth, Steven K. Dobscha, Julie C. Lowery
Implementation strategies can be a vital leveraging point for enhancing the implementation and dissemination of evidence-based suicide prevention interventions and programming. However, much remains unknown about which implementation strategies are commonly used and effective for supporting suicide prevention efforts. In light of the limited available literature, a scoping review was conducted to evaluate
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Protocol for the ONLOOP trial: pragmatic randomized trial evaluating a province-wide system of personalized reminders for evidence-based surveillance tests in adult survivors of childhood cancer in Ontario Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Jennifer Shuldiner, Emily Lam, Nida Shah, Jeremy Grimshaw, Laura Desveaux, Ruth Heisey, Michael S. Taccone, Monica Taljaard, Kednapa Thavorn, David Hodgson, Sumit Gupta, Aisha Lofters, Noah Ivers, Paul C. Nathan
Childhood cancer treatment while often curative, leads to elevated risks of morbidity and mortality. Survivors require lifelong periodic surveillance for late effects of treatment, yet adherence to guideline-recommended tests is suboptimal. We created ONLOOP to provide adult survivors of childhood cancer with detailed health information, including summaries of their childhood cancer treatment and recommended
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Assessing the impact of public funding in alleviating participant reduction and improving the retention rate in methadone maintenance treatment clinics in Taiwan: an interrupted time series analysis Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Yu-Chu Ella Chung, Yu-Chi Tung, Sheng-Chang Wang, Chieh-Liang Huang, Lian-Yu Chen, Wei J. Chen
Given the steady decline in patient numbers at methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics in Taiwan since 2013, the government initiated Patients’ Medical Expenditure Supplements (PMES) in January 2019 and the MMT Clinics Accessibility Maintenance Program (MCAM) in September 2019. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the PMES and MCAM on the enrollment and retention of patients attending MMT
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Leveraging artificial intelligence to advance implementation science: potential opportunities and cautions Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Katy E. Trinkley, Ruopeng An, Anna M. Maw, Russell E. Glasgow, Ross C. Brownson
The field of implementation science was developed to address the significant time delay between establishing an evidence-based practice and its widespread use. Although implementation science has contributed much toward bridging this gap, the evidence-to-practice chasm remains a challenge. There are some key aspects of implementation science in which advances are needed, including speed and assessing
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Sustaining the collaborative chronic care model in outpatient mental health: a matrixed multiple case study Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Bo Kim, Jennifer L. Sullivan, Madisen E. Brown, Samantha L. Connolly, Elizabeth G. Spitzer, Hannah M. Bailey, Lauren M. Sippel, Kendra Weaver, Christopher J. Miller
Sustaining evidence-based practices (EBPs) is crucial to ensuring care quality and addressing health disparities. Approaches to identifying factors related to sustainability are critically needed. One such approach is Matrixed Multiple Case Study (MMCS), which identifies factors and their combinations that influence implementation. We applied MMCS to identify factors related to the sustainability of
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‘It depends’: what 86 systematic reviews tell us about what strategies to use to support the use of research in clinical practice Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Annette Boaz, Juan Baeza, Alec Fraser, Erik Persson
The gap between research findings and clinical practice is well documented and a range of strategies have been developed to support the implementation of research into clinical practice. The objective of this study was to update and extend two previous reviews of systematic reviews of strategies designed to implement research evidence into clinical practice. We developed a comprehensive systematic
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Implementation of state health insurance benefit mandates for cancer-related fertility preservation: following policy through a complex system Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 H. Irene Su, Bonnie N. Kaiser, Erika L. Crable, Ricardo Flores Ortega, Sara W. Yoeun, Melina A. Economou, Estefania Fernandez, Sally A. D. Romero, Gregory A. Aarons, Sara B. McMenamin
A myriad of federal, state, and organizational policies are designed to improve access to evidence-based healthcare, but the impact of these policies likely varies due to contextual determinants of, reinterpretations of, and poor compliance with policy requirements throughout implementation. Strategies enhancing implementation and compliance with policy intent can improve population health. Critically
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Specifying cross-system collaboration strategies for implementation: a multi-site qualitative study with child welfare and behavioral health organizations Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Alicia C. Bunger, Emmeline Chuang, Amanda M. Girth, Kathryn E. Lancaster, Rebecca Smith, Rebecca J. Phillips, Jared Martin, Fawn Gadel, Tina Willauer, Marla J. Himmeger, Jennifer Millisor, Jen McClellan, Byron J. Powell, Lisa Saldana, Gregory A. Aarons
Cross-system interventions that integrate health, behavioral health, and social services can improve client outcomes and expand community impact. Successful implementation of these interventions depends on the extent to which service partners can align frontline services and organizational operations. However, collaboration strategies linking multiple implementation contexts have received limited empirical
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Implicit and explicit: a scoping review exploring the contribution of anthropological practice in implementation science Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Elissa Z. Faro, Peter Taber, Aaron T. Seaman, Ellen B. Rubinstein, Gemmae M. Fix, Heather Healy, Heather Schacht Reisinger
This study’s goal is to identify the existing variation in how, why, and by whom anthropological practice is conducted as part of implementation science projects. As doctorally trained anthropologists, we sought to characterize how and why the term “ethnography” was variously applied in the implementation science literature and characterize the practice of anthropology within and across the field.
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Exploring the role of professional identity in the implementation of clinical decision support systems—a narrative review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Sophia Ackerhans, Thomas Huynh, Carsten Kaiser, Carsten Schultz
Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have the potential to improve quality of care, patient safety, and efficiency because of their ability to perform medical tasks in a more data-driven, evidence-based, and semi-autonomous way. However, CDSSs may also affect the professional identity of health professionals. Some professionals might experience these systems as a threat to their professional identity
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Adjunctive interventions: change methods directed at recipients that support uptake and use of health innovations Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Justin D. Smith, Dennis H. Li, James L. Merle, Brennan Keiser, Brian Mustanski, Nanette D. Benbow
Implementation science groups change methods into two categories: (1) clinical, behavioral, or biomedical intervention targeting recipient’s health outcomes and (2) implementation strategies targeting the delivery system. Differentiating interventions from strategies based on their intended functions is critical to accurately attributing their effects to health or implementation outcomes. However,
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Action planning for building public health program sustainability: results from a group-randomized trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Sarah Moreland-Russell, Todd Combs, Jessica Gannon, Eliot Jost, Louise Farah Saliba, Kimberly Prewitt, Douglas Luke, Ross C. Brownson
Public health programs are charged with implementing evidence-based interventions to support public health improvement; however, to achieve long-term population-based benefits, these interventions must be sustained. Empirical evidence suggests that program sustainability can be improved through training and technical assistance, but few resources are available to support public health programs in building
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The effectiveness of interventions to disseminate the results of non-commercial randomised clinical trials to healthcare professionals: a systematic review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Annabelle South, Julia V. Bailey, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Claire L. Vale
It is unclear how to disseminate the results of randomised controlled trials effectively to health professionals and policymakers to improve treatment, care or prevention through changing policy and practice. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of different methods of dissemination of clinical research results to professional audiences. We systematically reviewed the published and grey
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Models and approaches for building knowledge translation capacity and capability in health services: a scoping review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Olivia King, Emma West, Laura Alston, Hannah Beks, Michele Callisaya, Catherine E. Huggins, Margaret Murray, Kevin Mc Namara, Michael Pang, Warren Payne, Anna Peeters, Mia Pithie, Alesha M. Sayner, Anna Wong Shee
Building healthcare service and health professionals’ capacity and capability to rapidly translate research evidence into health practice is critical to the effectiveness and sustainability of healthcare systems. This review scoped the literature describing programmes to build knowledge translation capacity and capability in health professionals and healthcare services, and the evidence supporting
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Conditions for adherence to videoconference-based programs promoting adapted physical activity in cancer patients: a realist evaluation Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Olivier Aromatario, Linda Cambon, François Alla, Alexis Imbert, Camille Pouchepadass, Nathalie Renvoisé, Sarah Dauchy, Cécile Charles
Although moderate physical activity (PA) during cancer treatment has been associated with improved quality of life, reduced side effects, and even lower mortality, many barriers to successful implementation remain. Digital technology has been perceived as an effective lever for overcoming access and motivational issues but few studies have been performed to confirm this assumption. The “VISIO-AJUST”
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Tailored implementation of national recommendations on fall prevention among older adults in municipalities in Norway (FALLPREVENT trial): a study protocol for a cluster-randomised trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Maria Bjerk, Signe A. Flottorp, Are Hugo Pripp, Henning Øien, Tonya Moen Hansen, Robbie Foy, Jacqueline Close, Siv Linnerud, Therese Brovold, Rune Solli, Nina Rydland Olsen, Dawn A. Skelton, Elisabeth Rydwik, Jorunn L. Helbostad, Gro Idland, Linda Kvæl, Edgar Vieira, Kristin Taraldsen
Despite substantial research evidence indicating the effectiveness of a range of interventions to prevent falls, uptake into routine clinical practice has been limited by several implementation challenges. The complexity of fall prevention in municipality health care underlines the importance of flexible implementation strategies tailored both to general determinants of fall prevention and to local
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Implementation fidelity, student outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of train-the-trainer strategies for Masters-level therapists in urban schools: results from a cluster randomized trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Ricardo Eiraldi, Gwendolyn M. Lawson, Henry A. Glick, Muniya S. Khanna, Rinad Beidas, Jessica Fishman, Quinn Rabenau-McDonnell, Tara Wilson, Rachel Comly, Billie S. Schwartz, Abbas F. Jawad
Little is known about the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of train-the-trainer implementation strategies in supporting mental health evidence-based practices in schools, and about the optimal level of support needed for TT strategies. The current study is part of a larger type 2 hybrid cluster randomized controlled trial. It compares two train-the-trainer strategies, Train-the-Trainer (TT) and
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Influence of physician networks on the implementation of pharmaceutical alternatives to a toxic drug supply in British Columbia Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Megan Kurz, Brenda Carolina Guerra-Alejos, Jeong Eun Min, Brittany Barker, Bernadette Pauly, Karen Urbanoski, Bohdan Nosyk
Characterizing the diffusion of adopted changes in policy and clinical practice can inform enhanced implementation strategies to ensure prompt uptake in public health emergencies and other rapidly evolving disease areas. A novel guidance document was introduced at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia (BC), Canada, which supported clinicians to prescribe opioids, stimulants, and benzodiazepines
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Protocol for a hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation trial of a pragmatic individual-level implementation strategy for supporting school-based prevention programming Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Aaron R. Lyon, Clayton R. Cook, Madeline Larson, Maria L. Hugh, Alex Dopp, Corinne Hamlin, Peter Reinke, Mahasweta Bose, Amy Law, Roger Goosey, Annie Goerdt, Nicole Morrell, Alisha Wackerle-Hollman, Michael D. Pullmann
For approximately one in five children who have social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) challenges, accessible evidence-based prevention practices (EBPPs) are critical. In the USA, schools are the primary setting for children’s SEB service delivery. Still, EBPPs are rarely adopted and implemented by front-line educators (e.g., teachers) with sufficient fidelity to see effects. Given that individual
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Cluster-randomized implementation trial of two facilitation strategies to implement a novel information and communications technology at the Veterans Health Administration Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Chelsea Leonard, Evan Carey, Ariel Holstein, P. Michael Ho, Jeffrey T. Heckman
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) improve quality and efficiency of healthcare, but effective practices for implementing new ICTs are unknown. From 2019 to 2021, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented FLOW3, an ICT that facilitates prosthetic limb care. The goal of this study was to compare the impact of two facilitation strategies on FLOW3 adoption, implementation, and
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Correction: Identifying behaviour change techniques in 287 randomized controlled trials of audit and feedback interventions targeting practice change among healthcare professionals Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Jacob Crawshaw, Carly Meyer, Vivi Antonopoulou, Jesmin Antony, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Noah Ivers, Kristin Konnyu, Meagan Lacroix, Justin Presseau, Michelle Simeoni, Sharlini Yogasingam, Fabiana Lorencatto
Correction: Implement Sci 18, 63 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-023-01318-8 After the publication of the original article [1], the authors reported errors in the typesetting of value mentioned in Abstract. In the Result section of Abstract, it is written that ‘range = 129 per arm’. It should have been written ‘range = 1-29’. The original article [1] has been updated. Crawshaw J, Meyer C, Antonopoulou
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Addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in rural community pharmacies: a protocol for a stepped wedge randomized clinical trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Geoffrey Curran, Cynthia Mosley, Abigail Gamble, Jacob Painter, Songthip Ounpraseuth, Noel T. Brewer, Ben Teeter, Megan Smith, Jacquie Halladay, Tamera Hughes, J. Greene Shepherd, Tessa Hastings, Kit Simpson, Delesha Carpenter
Uptake of COVID-19 vaccines remains problematically low in the USA, especially in rural areas. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with lower uptake, which translates to higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 variants in communities where vaccination coverage is low. Because community pharmacists are among the most accessible and trusted health professionals in rural areas, this randomized clinical
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Audit and feedback to reduce unwarranted clinical variation at scale: a realist study of implementation strategy mechanisms Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Mitchell Sarkies, Emilie Francis-Auton, Janet Long, Natalie Roberts, Johanna Westbrook, Jean-Frederic Levesque, Diane E. Watson, Rebecca Hardwick, Kim Sutherland, Gary Disher, Peter Hibbert, Jeffrey Braithwaite
Unwarranted clinical variation in hospital care includes the underuse, overuse, or misuse of services. Audit and feedback is a common strategy to reduce unwarranted variation, but its effectiveness varies widely across contexts. We aimed to identify implementation strategies, mechanisms, and contextual circumstances contributing to the impact of audit and feedback on unwarranted clinical variation
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Alarm with care—a de-implementation strategy to reduce fall prevention alarm use in US hospitals: a study protocol for a hybrid 2 effectiveness-implementation trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Kea Turner, Molly McNett, Catima Potter, Emily Cramer, Mona Al Taweel, Ronald I. Shorr, Lorraine C. Mion
Fall prevention alarms are commonly used among US hospitals as a fall prevention strategy despite limited evidence of effectiveness. Further, fall prevention alarms are harmful to healthcare staff (e.g., alarm fatigue) and patients (e.g., sleep disturbance, mobility restriction). There is a need for research to develop and test strategies for reducing use of fall prevention alarms in US hospitals.
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Knowledge translation strategies to support the sustainability of evidence-based interventions in healthcare: a scoping review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Rachel Flynn, Christine Cassidy, Lauren Dobson, Joyce Al-Rassi, Jodi Langley, Jennifer Swindle, Ian D. Graham, Shannon D. Scott
Knowledge translation (KT) strategies are widely used to facilitate the implementation of EBIs into healthcare practices. However, it is unknown what and how KT strategies are used to facilitate the sustainability of EBIs in institutional healthcare settings. This scoping review aimed to consolidate the current evidence on (i) what and how KT strategies are being used for the sustainability of EBIs
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Factors influencing implementation of a care coordination intervention for cancer survivors with multiple comorbidities in a safety-net system: an application of the Implementation Research Logic Model Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Serena A. Rodriguez, Simon Craddock Lee, Robin T. Higashi, Patricia M. Chen, Rebecca L. Eary, Navid Sadeghi, Noel Santini, Bijal A. Balasubramanian
Under- and uninsured cancer survivors have significant medical, social, and economic complexity. For these survivors, effective care coordination between oncology and primary care teams is critical for high-quality, comprehensive care. While evidence-based interventions exist to improve coordination between healthcare teams, testing implementation of these interventions for cancer survivors seen in
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Implementing Germ Defence digital behaviour change intervention via all primary care practices in England to reduce respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: an efficient cluster randomised controlled trial using the OpenSAFELY platform Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Ben Ainsworth, Jeremy Horwood, Scott R. Walter, Sascha Miller, Melanie Chalder, Frank De Vocht, James Denison-Day, Martha M. C. Elwenspoek, Helen J. Curtis, Chris Bates, Amir Mehrkar, Seb Bacon, Ben Goldacre, Pippa Craggs, Richard Amlôt, Nick Francis, Paul Little, John Macleod, Michael Moore, Kate Morton, Cathy Rice, Jonathan Sterne, Beth Stuart, Lauren Towler, Merlin L. Willcox, Lucy Yardley
Germ Defence ( www.germdefence.org ) is an evidence-based interactive website that promotes behaviour change for infection control within households. To maximise the potential of Germ Defence to effectively reduce the spread of COVID-19, the intervention needed to be implemented at scale rapidly. With NHS England approval, we conducted an efficient two-arm (1:1 ratio) cluster randomised controlled
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Results of a cluster randomized trial testing the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach to increase cervical cancer screening in family planning clinics in Mombasa County, Kenya Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 McKenna C. Eastment, George Wanje, Barbra A. Richardson, Emily Mwaringa, Shem Patta, Kenneth Sherr, Ruanne V. Barnabas, Kishorchandra Mandaliya, Walter Jaoko, R. Scott Mcclelland
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Kenyan women. Integrating cervical cancer screening into family planning (FP) clinics is a promising strategy to improve health for reproductive-aged women. The objective of this cluster randomized trial was to test the efficacy of an implementation strategy, the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach (SAIA), as a tool to increase cervical
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Protocol for a pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomized clinical trial testing behavioral economic implementation strategies to increase supplemental breast MRI screening among patients with extremely dense breasts Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Anne Marie McCarthy, Claudia Fernandez Perez, Rinad S. Beidas, Justin E. Bekelman, Daniel Blumenthal, Elizabeth Mack, Anna-Marika Bauer, Sarah Ehsan, Emily F. Conant, Bernadette C. Wheeler, Carmen E. Guerra, Linda W. Nunes, Peter Gabriel, Abigail Doucette, E. Paul Wileyto, Alison M. Buttenheim, David A. Asch, Katharine A. Rendle, Rachel C. Shelton, Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju, Sue Ware, Martina Plag,
Increased breast density augments breast cancer risk and reduces mammography sensitivity. Supplemental breast MRI screening can significantly increase cancer detection among women with dense breasts. However, few women undergo this exam, and screening is consistently lower among racially minoritized populations. Implementation strategies informed by behavioral economics (“nudges”) can promote evidence-based
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Design of a dual randomized trial in a type 2 hybrid effectiveness—implementation study Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 June Stevens, Sarah Denton Mills, Thomas J. Millett, Feng-Chang Lin, Jennifer Leeman
Dual randomized controlled trials (DRCT) are type 2 hybrid studies that include two randomized trials: one testing implementation strategies and one testing an intervention. We argue that this study design offers efficiency by providing rigorous investigation of both implementation and intervention in one study and has potential to accelerate generation of the evidence needed to translate interventions
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Identifying behaviour change techniques in 287 randomized controlled trials of audit and feedback interventions targeting practice change among healthcare professionals Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Jacob Crawshaw, Carly Meyer, Vivi Antonopoulou, Jesmin Antony, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Noah Ivers, Kristin Konnyu, Meagan Lacroix, Justin Presseau, Michelle Simeoni, Sharlini Yogasingam, Fabiana Lorencatto
Audit and feedback (A&F) is among the most widely used implementation strategies, providing healthcare professionals with summaries of their practice performance to prompt behaviour change and optimize care. Wide variability in effectiveness of A&F has spurred efforts to explore why some A&F interventions are more effective than others. Unpacking the variability of the content of A&F interventions
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Built to last? Barriers and facilitators of healthcare program sustainability: a systematic integrative review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Yvonne Zurynski, Kristiana Ludlow, Luke Testa, Hanna Augustsson, Jessica Herkes-Deane, Karen Hutchinson, Gina Lamprell, Elise McPherson, Ann Carrigan, Louise A. Ellis, Putu Novi Arfirsta Dharmayani, Carolynn L. Smith, Lieke Richardson, Genevieve Dammery, Nehal Singh, Jeffrey Braithwaite
To identify barriers and facilitators associated with the sustainability of implemented and evaluated improvement programs in healthcare delivery systems. Six academic databases were searched to identify relevant peer-reviewed journal articles published in English between July 2011 and June 2022. Studies were included if they reported on healthcare program sustainability and explicitly identified barriers
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External context in individual placement and support implementation: a scoping review with abductive thematic analysis Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Jaakko Harkko, Noora Sipilä, Hilla Nordquist, Tea Lallukka, Kaija Appelqvist-Schmidlechner, Michael Donnelly, Anne Kouvonen
Context including the external context may considerably affect the adoption, implementation, sustainment, and scale-up of evidence-based practices. We investigated external contextual features by conducting a scoping review of empirical research regarding the implementation of an evidence-based psychiatric or mental health vocational rehabilitation service called Individual Placement and Support (IPS)
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Implementation and dissemination of home- and community-based interventions for informal caregivers of people living with dementia: a systematic scoping review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Eden Meng Zhu, Martina Buljac-Samardžić, Kees Ahaus, Nick Sevdalis, Robbert Huijsman
Informal caregivers of people with dementia (PwD) living at home are often the primary source of care, and, in their role, they often experience loss of quality of life. Implementation science knowledge is needed to optimize the real-world outcomes of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for informal caregivers. This scoping review aims to systematically synthesize the literature that reports implementation
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Top-level leaders and implementation strategies to support organizational diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) interventions: a qualitative study of top-level DEIB leaders in healthcare organizations Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Tory H. Hogan, Brian P. O’Rourke, Eddie Weeks, Geoffrey A. Silvera, Seongwon Choi
The Black Lives Matter movement and COVID-19 pandemic motivated the wide-scale adoption of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) initiatives within healthcare organizations and the creation of DEIB top-level leader positions. The next step is to understand how these leaders contribute to the implementation of DEIB interventions, a task with notable salience due to not only the historical
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Revisiting the policy ecology framework for implementation of evidence-based practices in mental health settings Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Whitney K. Wortham, Aaron H. Rodwin, Jonathan Purtle, Michelle R. Munson, Ramesh Raghavan
Over the past three decades, policy actors and actions have been highly influential in supporting the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in mental health settings. An early examination of these actions resulted in the Policy Ecology Framework (PEF), which was originally developed as a tactical primer for state and local mental health regulators in the field of child mental health. However
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Protocol to evaluate sequential electronic health record-based strategies to increase genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer risk across diverse patient populations in gynecology practices Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Heather Symecko, Robert Schnoll, Rinad S. Beidas, Justin E. Bekelman, Daniel Blumenthal, Anna-Marika Bauer, Peter Gabriel, Leland Boisseau, Abigail Doucette, Jacquelyn Powers, Jacqueline Cappadocia, Danielle B. McKenna, Robert Richardville, Lauren Cuff, Ryan Offer, Elizabeth G. Clement, Alison M. Buttenheim, David A. Asch, Katharine A. Rendle, Rachel C. Shelton, Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju, E. Paul Wileyto
Germline genetic testing is recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) for individuals including, but not limited to, those with a personal history of ovarian cancer, young-onset (< 50 years) breast cancer, and a family history of ovarian cancer or male breast cancer. Genetic testing is underused overall, and rates are consistently lower among Black and Hispanic populations. Behavioral
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Application of the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation of strategies to health intervention implementation in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Kathryn L. Lovero, Christopher G. Kemp, Bradley H. Wagenaar, Ali Giusto, M. Claire Greene, Byron J. Powell, Enola K. Proctor
The Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project developed a compilation of implementation strategies that are intended to standardize reporting and evaluation. Little is known about the application of ERIC in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We systematically reviewed the literature on the use and specification of ERIC strategies for health intervention implementation in
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Supporting translation of research evidence into practice—the use of Normalisation Process Theory to assess and inform implementation within randomised controlled trials: a systematic review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Allison Williams, Laura Lennox, Matthew Harris, Grazia Antonacci
The status of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) as the ‘gold standard’ for evaluating efficacy in healthcare interventions is increasingly debated among the research community, due to often insufficient consideration for implementation. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), which focuses on the work required to embed processes into practice, offers a potentially useful framework for addressing these
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Sustainability, spread, and scale in trials using audit and feedback: a theory-informed, secondary analysis of a systematic review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Celia Laur, Zeenat Ladak, Alix Hall, Nathan M. Solbak, Nicole Nathan, Shewit Buzuayne, Janet A. Curran, Rachel C. Shelton, Noah Ivers
Audit and feedback (A&F) is a widely used implementation strategy to influence health professionals’ behavior that is often tested in implementation trials. This study examines how A&F trials describe sustainability, spread, and scale. This is a theory-informed, descriptive, secondary analysis of an update of the Cochrane systematic review of A&F trials, including all trials published since 2011. Keyword
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Correction: Ten years of implementation outcomes research: a scoping review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Enola K. Proctor, Alicia C. Bunger, Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Donald R. Gerke, Jared K. Martin, Rebecca J. Phillips, Julia C. Swanson
Correction: Implement Sci 18, 31 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-023-01286-z In the original version of this article [1], there was an error in figure labelling. In the section entitled 'Conceptualization of implementation outcomes in the 2011 paper,' it was mentioned that 'the taxonomy is summarized in Fig. 1.' Whereas the Authors intended to convey that the taxonomy was summarized in the said
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Eight characteristics of rigorous multilevel implementation research: a step-by-step guide Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Nathaniel J. Williams, Mark G. Ehrhart, Cathleen E. Willging, Alicia C. Bunger, Rinad S. Beidas, Gregory A. Aarons
Although healthcare is delivered in inherently multilevel contexts, implementation science has no widely endorsed methodological standards defining the characteristics of rigorous, multilevel implementation research. We identify and describe eight characteristics of high-quality, multilevel implementation research to encourage discussion, spur debate, and guide decision-making around study design and
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A scoping review of equity-focused implementation theories, models and frameworks in healthcare and their application in addressing ethnicity-related health inequities Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Papillon Gustafson, Yasmin Abdul Aziz, Michelle Lambert, Karen Bartholomew, Nicole Rankin, Adam Fusheini, Rachel Brown, Peter Carswell, Mihi Ratima, Patricia Priest, Sue Crengle
Inequities in implementation contribute to the unequal benefit of health interventions between groups of people with differing levels of advantage in society. Implementation science theories, models and frameworks (TMFs) provide a theoretical basis for understanding the multi-level factors that influence implementation outcomes and are used to guide implementation processes. This study aimed to identify
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Comparing organization-focused and state-focused financing strategies on provider-level reach of a youth substance use treatment model: a mixed-method study Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Alex R. Dopp, Sarah B. Hunter, Mark D. Godley, Isabelle González, Michelle Bongard, Bing Han, Jonathan Cantor, Grace Hindmarch, Kerry Lindquist, Blanche Wright, Danielle Schlang, Lora L. Passetti, Kelli L. Wright, Beau Kilmer, Gregory A. Aarons, Jonathan Purtle
Financial barriers in substance use disorder service systems have limited the widespread adoption—i.e., provider-level reach—of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for youth substance use disorders. Reach is essential to maximizing the population-level impact of EBPs. One promising, but rarely studied, type of implementation strategy for overcoming barriers to EBP reach is financing strategies, which direct
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Comparing the CFIR-ERIC matching tool recommendations to real-world strategy effectiveness data: a mixed-methods study in the Veterans Health Administration Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Vera Yakovchenko, Carolyn Lamorte, Matthew J. Chinman, David E. Goodrich, Sandra Gibson, Angela Park, Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Heather McCurdy, Timothy R. Morgan, Shari S. Rogal
Practical and feasible methods for matching implementation strategies to diagnosed barriers of evidence-based interventions in real-world contexts are lacking. This evaluation compared actual implementation strategies applied with those recommended by an expert opinion-based tool to improve guideline-concordant cirrhosis care in a Veterans Health Administration national learning collaborative effort
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Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation in Health Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-05
Gila Neta1, David A. Chambers1, Lisa Simpson2 1National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA; 2AcademyHealth, Washington, DC, USA As we reemerge from the acute phase of the COVID pandemic, top of mind is how best to rebuild our health systems to maximize effectiveness, efficiency, and equity, and what lessons we can learn moving forward. How can we be more proactive to better anticipate challenges
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Use of routine healthcare data in randomised implementation trials: a methodological mixed-methods systematic review Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-02 Charis Xuan Xie, Lixin Sun, Elizabeth Ingram, Anna De Simoni, Sandra Eldridge, Hilary Pinnock, Clare Relton
Routine data are increasingly used in randomised controlled trials evaluating healthcare interventions. They can aid participant identification, outcome assessment, and intervention delivery. Randomised implementation trials evaluate the effect of implementation strategies on implementation outcomes. Implementation strategies, such as reminders, are used to increase the uptake of evidence-based interventions
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Community-engaged optimization of COVID-19 rapid evaluation and testing experiences: roll-out implementation optimization trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-02 Nicole A. Stadnick, Louise C. Laurent, Kelli L. Cain, Marva Seifert, Maria Linda Burola, Linda Salgin, Paul Watson, William Oswald, Fatima A. Munoz, Sharon F. Velasquez, Justin D. Smith, Jingjing Zou, Borsika A. Rabin
There continues to be a need for COVID-19 testing that is pragmatic, community-centered, and sustainable. This study will refine and test implementation strategies prioritized by community partners: (1) walk-up no-cost testing, (2) community health worker (promotores)-facilitated testing and preventive care counseling, (3) vending machines that dispense no-cost, self-testing kits. A co-designed Theory
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Implementation of coordinated spontaneous awakening and breathing trials using telehealth-enabled, real-time audit and feedback for clinician adherence (TEACH): a type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Colin K. Grissom, Richard Holubkov, Lori Carpenter, Bridgett Hanna, Jason R. Jacobs, Christopher Jones, Andrew J. Knighton, Lindsay Leither, Dee Lisonbee, Ithan D. Peltan, Carrie Winberg, Doug Wolfe, Rajendu Srivastava
Intensive care unit (ICU) patients on mechanical ventilation often require sedation and analgesia to improve comfort and decrease pain. Prolonged sedation and analgesia, however, may increase time on mechanical ventilation, risk for ventilator associated pneumonia, and delirium. Coordinated interruptions in sedation [spontaneous awakening trials (SATs)] and spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) increase
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Strategies for enacting health policy codesign: a scoping review and direction for research Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Sarah Cusworth Walker, Barbara Baquero, Betty Bekemeier, McKenna Parnes, Kashika Arora
Strategies for supporting evidence-informed health policy are a recognized but understudied area of policy dissemination and implementation science. Codesign describes a set of strategies potentially well suited to address the complexity presented by policy formation and implementation. We examine the health policy literature describing the use of codesign in initiatives intended to combine diverse
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A scoping review of implementation science theories, models, and frameworks — an appraisal of purpose, characteristics, usability, applicability, and testability Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Yingxuan Wang, Eliza Lai-Yi Wong, Per Nilsen, Vincent Chi-ho Chung, Yue Tian, Eng-Kiong Yeoh
A proliferation of theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) have been developed in the implementation science field to facilitate the implementation process. The basic features of these TMFs have been identified by several reviews. However, systematic appraisals on the quality of these TMFs are inadequate. To fill this gap, this study aimed to assess the usability, applicability, and testability of
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Instruments measuring evidence-based practice behavior, attitudes, and self-efficacy among healthcare professionals: a systematic review of measurement properties Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Nils Gunnar Landsverk, Nina Rydland Olsen, Therese Brovold
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is well known to most healthcare professionals. Implementing EBP in clinical practice is a complex process that can be challenging and slow. Lack of EBP knowledge, skills, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior can be essential barriers that should be measured using valid and reliable instruments for the population in question. Results from previous systematic reviews
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Implementing contingency management for stimulant use in opioid treatment programs: protocol of a type III hybrid effectiveness-stepped-wedge trial Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Sara J. Becker, Kira DiClemente-Bosco, Kelli Scott, Tim Janssen, Sarah M. Salino, Fariha N. Hasan, Kimberly R. Yap, Bryan R. Garner
Contingency management (CM) is an evidence-based intervention for stimulant use and is highly effective in combination with medication for opioid use disorder. Yet, uptake of CM in opioid treatment programs that provide medication for opioid use disorder remains low. This paradox in which CM is one of the most effective interventions, yet one of the least available, represents one of the greatest
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Making implementation science more efficient: capitalizing on opportunities beyond the field Implement. Sci. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Michel Wensing, Paul Wilson
Implementation researchers often find themselves as research partners in practice improvement projects, clinical trials or other applied health studies. The implementation science component in these projects can be described as supportive, descriptive or explanatory. This commentary reflects on the potential contributions of such projects to implementation science. They may provide evidence on implementation