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The structure of individual differences in procedural working memory: Comparing task switching and stimulus response rule information load Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Dror Garbi, Nachshon Meiran
Working memory (WM) serves not just for remembering facts (“declarative WM”) but also for controlling action and thought (“procedural WM”, pWM) by holding and manipulating task rules and task control parameters such as goals. Yet, the structure of individual differences in pWM is underexplored. The present work compared between two highly similar (in the number of stimulus response rules, stimuli,
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How useful are specific cognitive ability scores? An investigation of their stability and incremental validity beyond general intelligence Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Moritz Breit, Vsevolod Scherrer, Franzis Preckel
Many intelligence tests measure multiple specific cognitive abilities. Practitioners use these specific ability scores, which encompass both specific ability and general intelligence variance, and the resulting intelligence profiles to make counseling and intervention decisions. In the present study, we investigated the temporal stability of eight specific abilities and their profiles over one school
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Attitude toward numbers: A better predictor of financial literacy and intelligence than need for cognition Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Gilles E. Gignac, Elizabeth M. Stevens
In a recent meta-analysis, financial literacy – understanding basic financial terms and concepts – was significantly correlated with general intelligence ( ≈ 0.62). However, this correlation may be underestimated, as few studies employed robust measures of both intelligence (more than one subtest) and financial literacy (>12 items). Additionally, cognitive reflection has not been investigated for its
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Functional brain networks involved in the Raven's standard progressive matrices task and their relation to theories of fluid intelligence Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2024-01-14 Riley Zurrin, Samantha Tze Sum Wong, Meighen M. Roes, Chantal M. Percival, Abhijit Chinchani, Leo Arreaza, Mavis Kusi, Ava Momeni, Maiya Rasheed, Zhaoyi Mo, Vina M. Goghari, Todd S. Woodward
A dimensionality reduction method was used to determine the task-timing-related functional brain networks underlying the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM), a non-verbal estimate of fluid intelligence (Gf). We identified five macro-scale task-based blood‑oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD)-signal brain networks and interpreted their network-level task-induced BOLD changes to provide functional
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The taboo remains: Responding to a critical commentary Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Noah Carl, Michael A. Woodley of Menie
Jackson Jr. and Winston (2021) claim there is no taboo against research on race and intelligence. We argue, to the contrary, that there is a taboo against such research. We begin by addressing Jackson Jr. and Winston's arguments concerning expert surveys, as well as their criticisms of our published database of controversies. We then provide additional evidence of the taboo, and explain why it would
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No spatial advantage in adolescent hockey players? Exploring measure specificity and masked effects Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Ksenia Bartseva, Maxim Likhanov, Elina Tsigeman, Evgenia Alenina, Ivan Reznichenko, Elena Soldatova, Yulia Kovas
The study examines how intensive hockey training is linked with spatial ability and academic performance. Participants were hockey players from top junior teams (N = 225, mean age = 14.25, all boys) and their unselected peers (N = 278, mean age = 15.47, all boys). Compared to the unselected group, hockey players showed lower results in 10 small-scale spatial tests (Cohen's d ranging from 0.42 to 1
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Don't waste your time measuring intelligence: Further evidence for the validity of a three-minute speeded reasoning test Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Anna-Lena Schubert, Christoph Löffler, Clara Wiebel, Florian Kaulhausen, Tanja Gabriele Baudson
The rise of large-scale collaborative panel studies has generated a need for fast, reliable, and valid assessments of cognitive abilities. In these studies, a detailed characterization of participants' cognitive abilities is often unnecessary, leading to the selection of tests based on convenience, duration, and feasibility. This often results in the use of abbreviated measures or proxies, potentially
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Relative contributions of g and basic domain-specific mathematics skills to complex mathematics competencies Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Zehra E. Ünal, Gamze Kartal, Serra Ulusoy, Aslı M. Ala, Münibe Z. Yılmaz, David C. Geary
Meta-analytic structural equation modeling was used to estimate the relative contributions of general cognitive ability or g (defined by executive functions, short-term memory, and intelligence) and basic domain-specific mathematical abilities to performance in more complex mathematics domains. The domain-specific abilities included mathematics fluency (e.g., speed of retrieving basic facts), computational
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Unsuccessful and successful complex problem solvers – A log file analysis of complex problem solving strategies across multiple tasks Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Björn Nicolay, Florian Krieger, Jörg-Tobias Kuhn, Arthur C. Graesser, Dirk Ifenthaler, Ryan Baker, Samuel Greiff
Complex problem solving (CPS) is a key competence in educational contexts with strong conceptual links to students' overall intelligence. However, the mechanisms underlying successful CPS are not fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated several factors presumed to be relevant to CPS success using log file data to code each individual student action during six CPS tasks with different characteristics
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The ten-million-year explosion: Paleocognitive reconstructions of domain-general cognitive ability (G) in extinct primates Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre, Matthew A. Sarraf, Michael A. Woodley of Menie, Geoffrey F. Miller
The correlation between primate “Big G” scores and brain volume in 68 extant species was employed to estimate probable G values for an additional 68 extinct and 1 extant species with endocranial volume data, employing phylogenetic bracketing. Three different methods were used to generate bracketed estimates, which all showed high convergence. The average of these G estimates (for the extinct primates)
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Religiosity does not prevent cognitive declines: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Florian Dürlinger, Jonathan Fries, Takuya Yanagida, Jakob Pietschnig
Over the past hundred years, a plethora of studies on intelligence and religiosity associations predominantly yielded evidence for a meaningful negative relation between these two variables. However, effect strengths varied substantially between primary studies and it has been suggested that religiosity and intelligence associations change as people age, because religiosity may play a protective role
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Eleven articles and 27 authors pay tribute to James Flynn: A summary and critique of special issue articles on the Flynn effect Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Joseph Lee Rodgers
This article, written by the guest editor, is an introduction to a special issue of Intelligence. The special issue includes eleven research papers on the Flynn effect, each written to pay tribute to the past work by James Flynn, who passed away in December 2020. The papers are organized in the current article into four categories: empirical papers, theoretical papers, methodological papers, and integrative
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Carbon is to life as g is to _____: A review of the contributions to the special issue on specific abilities in intelligence Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Thomas R. Coyle, Samuel Greiff
Just as carbon infuses all life forms, g infuses almost all aspects of cognitive performance. This Special Issue focuses on specific abilities, defined as distinct abilities (e.g., verbal, math, spatial) that differ conceptually and empirically from g, which refers to variance common to tests. The nine contributions examine different specific abilities (e.g., spatial, academic, executive), involve
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Sex differences in tech tilt and academic tilt in adolescence: Processing speed mediates age-tilt relations Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-09-02 Thomas R. Coyle
Tilt refers to a pattern of specific abilities and is based on within subject differences in two abilities (e.g., technical and academic), producing relative strength in one ability (technical) and relative weakness in another ability (academic). This study examined sex differences in the development of tilt in adolescence (13- to 17-years) using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 6969)
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The moderating effect of the DMN connectivity on the correlation between online creativity performances in single- and paired-player modes Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Ching-Lin Wu
This study examined how brain structure influences creative performance during cooperation with others. This study employed graph theory to analyze the moderating effect of connectivity efficiency of a default mode network (DMN) on individuals' creative performance in interactive situations. The results showed that the global efficiencies of the DMN moderated the relationship between individuals' divergent
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The association between intelligence and financial literacy: A conceptual and meta-analytic review Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Zoe Callis, Paul Gerrans, Dana L. Walker, Gilles E. Gignac
Financial literacy is positively associated with intelligence, with typically moderate to large effect sizes across studies. The magnitude of the effect, however, has not yet been estimated meta-analytically. Such results suggest financial literacy may be conceptualised as a possible cognitive ability within the Cattel-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of cognitive abilities. Consequently, we present a psychometric
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Take your time: Slow brain rhythms predict fluid intelligence Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Michał Ociepka, Patrycja Kałamała, Adam Chuderski
Evidence is mixed whether fluid intelligence (Gf) is associated with increased or decreased alpha and beta band activity (7–30 Hz). Moreover, the Gf relationship with the delta and theta band activity (1–7 Hz) is unknown. We recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) data in 160 healthy adults solving Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices with a randomized item order to control for item difficulty unaffected
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Predicting cross-national sex differences in large-scale assessments of students' reading literacy, mathematics, and science achievement: Evidence from PIRLS and TIMSS Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Sandra Oberleiter, Jonathan Fries, Laura S. Schock, Benedikt Steininger, Jakob Pietschnig
Causes of sex differences in educational achievement have been controversially discussed in the extant literature. It has been speculated that differing prosperity and equality of opportunities may be linked to these differences, but conclusive empirical evidence for such effects is unavailable. Here, we present evidence for sex differences in international large-scale assessments of reading literacy
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Using a multi-strategy eye-tracking psychometric model to measure intelligence and identify cognitive strategy in Raven's advanced progressive matrices Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-07-18
Previous studies have found that participants use two cognitive strategies—constructive matching and response elimination—in responding to items in the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM). This study proposed a multi-strategy psychometric model that builds on item responses and also incorporates eye-tracking measures, including but not limited to the proportional time on matrix area (PTM),
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The role of learning in complex problem solving using MicroDYN Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 W. Herrmann, J.F. Beckmann, A. Kretzschmar
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Generational intelligence tests score changes in Spain: Are we asking the right question? Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Roberto Colom, Luis F. García, Pei Chun Shih, Francisco J. Abad
Generational intelligence test score gains have been documented worldwide in the twentieth century. However, recent evidence suggests these increased scores are coming to an end in some world regions. Here we compare two cohorts of university freshmen. The first cohort (n = 311) was assessed in 1991, whereas the second cohort (n = 349) was assessed thirty years later (2022). These cohorts completed
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The latent structure of emerging cognitive abilities: An infant twin study Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Giorgia Bussu, Mark Taylor, Kristiina Tammimies, Angelica Ronald, Terje Falck-Ytter
It is well known that genetic factors account for up to 70% of variability in cognition from childhood to adulthood. However, less is known about the first year of life. This study investigated the etiological factors influencing individual variability in different domains of emerging cognitive and motor abilities in early infancy, and to what extent genetic and environmental influences are unique
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Is there a g in gunslinger? Cognitive predictors of firearms proficiency Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Jeffrey M. Cucina, Kimberly J. Wilson, Philip T. Walmsley, Lisa M. Votraw, Theodore L. Hayes
This study addressed a gap in the research literature by evaluating the validity of general mental ability (g) and personality test scores for prediction of firearms proficiency via shooting range performance, an entirely objective task-based criterion. It was hypothesized that mental ability test scores would be positively related to firearms proficiency based on past research in related areas (e
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General cognitive ability, as assessed by self-reported ACT scores, is associated with reduced emotional responding: Evidence from a Dynamic Affect Reactivity Task Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-05-06 Michael D. Robinson, Roberta L. Irvin, Todd A. Pringle, Robert J. Klein
Dual process theories often contrast a hot, reactive affective system with a cool, reflective cognitive system. The cognitive system permits rationality and reasoning, but may inhibit spontaneous affect. Such frameworks would seem to suggest that individual differences in general cognitive ability, which is linked to abstract forms of reasoning, may impact dynamic components of emotional reactivity
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Remember this: Age moderation of genetic and environmental contributions to verbal episodic memory from midlife through late adulthood Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-05-05 Susan E. Luczak, Christopher R. Beam, Shandell Pahlen, Morgan Lynch, Matthew Pilgrim, Chandra A. Reynolds, Matthew S. Panizzon, Vibeke S. Catts, Kaare Christensen, Deborah Finkel, Carol E. Franz, William S. Kremen, Teresa Lee, Matt McGue, Marianne Nygaard, Brenda L. Plassman, Keith E. Whitfield, Nancy L. Pedersen, Margaret Gatz
It is well documented that memory is heritable and that older adults tend to have poorer memory performance than younger adults. However, whether the magnitudes of genetic and environmental contributions to late-life verbal episodic memory ability differ from those at earlier ages remains unresolved. Twins from 12 studies participating in the Interplay of Genes and Environment in Multiple Studies (IGEMS)
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(Not just) Intelligence stratifies the occupational hierarchy: Ranking 360 professions by IQ and non-cognitive traits Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-04-29 Tobias Wolfram
Occupational sorting, the process of individuals actively selecting into and being selected for different occupations, has significant implications for social stratification and inequality. The psychometric view of occupational differentials in ability emphasizes the importance of intelligence for occupational sorting, as it acts as a necessary condition to enter and remain in certain professions due
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Cognitive ability and creativity: Typology contributions and a meta-analytic review Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Andra Serban, Sven Kepes, Wenhao Wang, Robert Baldwin
Our meta-analysis provides a comprehensive examination of the correlation between cognitive ability and creativity. Introducing an integrative typology of creativity, we assess how, at the individual level, cognitive ability at Stratum III, as well as different cognitive ability dimensions at Stratum II from Carroll's (1993) Three-Stratum Theory, correlate with three creativity perspectives (person
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Bilingualism and intelligence in children exposed to poverty environments: A Raven's error pattern analysis using a generalized propensity score method Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Leopoldo Laborda, Juan Mejalenko, Isabel Gómez-Veiga
The main objective of this study is to compare the quantitative (correct answers) and qualitative (error types) performance of children belonging to different linguistic groups on a non-verbal reasoning test, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test, after being matched based on level of exposure to poverty, certain individual characteristics and test performance. The sample is representative for
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Relations between intelligence index score discrepancies and psychopathology symptoms in the EDEN mother-child birth cohort Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Victoria Shevchenko, Ghislaine Labouret, Ava Guez, Sylvana Côté, Barbara Heude, Hugo Peyre, Franck Ramus
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential linkages between intelligence and psychopathology across the full IQ range, while considering both absolute IQ scores and discrepancies between them. We drew data from the EDEN mother-child birth cohort, gathered at two time points: 5.5 and 11.5 years of age. We examined three instruments assessing psychopathology:
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General intelligence in middle school students from different Russian regions: Results of PISA-like tests Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Nikita Kolachev, Galina Kovaleva
This study is aimed at investigating the contribution of the general intelligence factor if six PISA domains (reading, mathematical, scientific, financial literacies, global competence, and creative thinking) are combined in one measurement instrument. For achieving our goal, items based on the PISA frameworks are developed, students in grades 5–8 from three different Russian regions are assessed,
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Maternal supportiveness is predictive of childhood general intelligence Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-04-05 Curtis S. Dunkel, Dimitri van der Linden, Tetsuya Kawamoto
Data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (N = 1075) were used to test the hypothesis that maternal supportiveness (measured at three waves from 14 to 36 months) is positively and prospectively associated with a child's general intelligence (measured at five waves from 14 months to 10 years). Bivariate correlations showed that maternal supportiveness was consistently and positively
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Intercohort upsurge of cognitive ability among the general population in China: Evaluating a Flynn effect Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Yaqiang Qi, Yajie Xiong
Drawing on data from three waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we find a substantial intercohort upsurge of both vocabulary and mathematical abilities among the Chinese general population born between 1935 and 1984. Consistent with the well-established Flynn effect, Chinese adults boost their average vocabulary score by 3.21 points and mathematical score by 3.83 points per decade. Further
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The relationship of divergent thinking with broad retrieval ability and processing speed: A meta-analysis Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-03-24 Kirill G. Miroshnik, Boris Forthmann, Maciej Karwowski, Mathias Benedek
The present study aimed to integrate evidence on the relationship among broad retrieval ability (Gr), processing speed (Gs), and divergent thinking (DT) with a three-level meta-analytic approach. The analysis was conducted on 560 effect sizes obtained from 47 studies with an overall sample of 10,391 participants. Results indicated moderate mean correlations for both the Gr–DT (r = 0.47, 95% CI: [0
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The cross-cultural generalizability of cognitive ability measures: A systematic literature review. Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-03-24 Christopher J. Wilson, Stephen C. Bowden, Linda K. Byrne, Nicole R. Joshua, Wolfgang Marx, Lawrence G. Weiss
Examining factorial invariance provides the strongest test of the generalizability of psychological constructs across populations and should be investigated prior to cross-cultural interpretation of cognitive assessments. The aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the current evidence regarding the factorial invariance and the generalizability of cognition models across cultures.
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A synthetic theory to integrate and explain the causes of the Flynn effect: The Parental Executive Model Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Joseph Lee Rodgers, Patrick O'Keefe
The Flynn effect is one of the most interesting puzzles in psychology. Measured intelligence increased worldwide for a century, primarily in the fluid domain. Some increases may be flattening and/or reversing. Around 20 theories have been developed to explain the Flynn effect; most have empirical or conceptual weaknesses, though they also have strengths and face validity. The role of parents has been
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Seventy years, 1000 samples, and 300,000 SPM scores: A new meta-analysis of Flynn effect patterns Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-03-17 Peera Wongupparaj, Rangsirat Wongupparaj, Robin G. Morris, Veena Kumari
Several studies have investigated and found the gradual rise in IQ over time or the Flynn effect (FE) but inconsistent results on the FEs across types of countries and age groups were reported. The current cross-temporal meta-analysis aimed to examine the temporal correlations between mean IQ scores from Standard Progressive Matrices and year of publication, moderated by types of countries and age
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Gene-environment interplay in early life cognitive development Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-03-11 Sophie von Stumm, Radhika Kandaswamy, Jessye Maxwell
Children's differences in early life cognitive development are driven by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, but identifying replicable gene-environment interactions (GxE) has proven difficult. We systematically tested GxE effects in the prediction of cognitive development from 2 to 4 years, using polygenic scores (PGS) for years spent in education and 39 measures of the home and neighborhood
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On group differences in the heritability of intelligence: A reply to Giangrande and Turkheimer (2022) Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-03-08 Bryan J. Pesta, Jan te Nijenhuis, Jordan Lasker, Emil O.W. Kirkegaard, John G.R. Fuerst
Here we reply to Giangrande and Turkheimer's (2022; G&T) recent critique of a meta-analysis we published in Intelligence regarding the Scarr-Rowe Hypothesis and the apparent lack of putative race/ethnic group differences in the heritability of intelligence (Pesta et al., 2020). Our rebuttal is divided into three sections that address ubiquitous misstatements in their critique: Section 1 focuses on
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Intelligence and life expectancy in late adulthood: A meta-analysis Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-03-07 Macarena Sánchez-Izquierdo, Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros, Elizabeth Lucía Valeriano-Lorenzo, Juan Botella
In an aging society, it is crucial to understand why some people live long and others do not. There has been a proliferation of studies in recent years that highlight the importance of psycho-behavioural factors in the ways of aging, one of those psychological components is intelligence. In this meta-analysis, the association between intelligence and life expectancy in late adulthood is analysed through
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Looking for Flynn effects in a recent online U.S. adult sample: Examining shifts within the SAPA Project Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Elizabeth M. Dworak, William Revelle, David M. Condon
Compared to European countries, research is limited regarding if the Flynn effect, or its reversal, is a current phenomenon in the United States. Though recent research on the United States suggests that a Flynn effect could still be present, or partially present, among child and adolescent samples, few studies have explored differences of cognitive ability scores among US adults. Thirteen years of
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Comment on Gignac and Zajenkowski, “The Dunning-Kruger effect is (mostly) a statistical artefact: Valid approaches to testing the hypothesis with individual differences data” Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Avram Hiller
Gignac and Zajenkowski (2020) find that “the degree to which people mispredicted their objectively measured intelligence was equal across the whole spectrum of objectively measured intelligence”. This Comment shows that Gignac and Zajenkowski (2020) finding of homoscedasticity is likely the result of a recoding choice by the experimenters and does not in fact indicate that the Dunning-Kruger Effect
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Still no Dunning-Kruger effect: A reply to Hiller Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Gilles E. Gignac, Marcin Zajenkowski
The primary criticism raised by Hiller (2023) pertained to the transformation of the self-assessed intelligence (SAI) scores applied by Gignac and Zajenkowski (2020), an investigation that suggested the Dunning-Kruger effect (DKE) may be primarily a statistical artefact. Hiller recommended an alternative transformation. Our re-analysis of Gignac and Zajenkowski's data with Hiller's recommended transformation
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Cognitive characteristics of intellectually gifted children with a diagnosis of ADHD Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Cesare Cornoldi, David Giofrè, Enrico Toffalini
Some children may be intellectually gifted, and yet experience behavioral and academic difficulties. We examined 82 twice exceptional children (2e-ADHD), having an excellent General Ability Index (GAI) derived from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (GAI ≥ 125), and a diagnosis of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They accounted for 8.8% of a large sample of children
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Reframing the clouded scientific spectacles of the Flynn effect: A view through two lenses Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Patrick O'Keefe, Linda Wänström, Joseph Lee Rodgers
Flynn argued that the Flynn effect was due to an increasing use of “scientific spectacles” among the general population (Flynn, 2010), yet the Flynn effect itself has been viewed through clouded scientific spectacles. Most research has focused on Flynn's main finding: IQ scores have increased over time. Flynn (1987) presumed the effect was a cohort (generational) effect, yet a variety of within- and
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Opinions on intelligence: An Arab perspective Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-02-13 David Becker, Salaheldin Farah Bakhiet, Alsedig Abdalgadr Alshahomee, Abdelbasit Gadour, Fadil Elmenfi, Yossry Ahmed Sayed Essa, Edward Dutton
The issue of cultural differences in how the concept of intelligence is understood has long been debated. But do such differences really exist and, if so, to what extent do they exist and between which cultures are they the most pronounced? To better understand this, we translated a survey from Warne and Burton (2020) on beliefs about intelligence into Arabic, distributed it among psychology and non-psychology
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Stability of mental abilities and physical growth from 6 months to 65 years: Findings from the Zurich Longitudinal Studies Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-02-08 Dominique A. Eichelberger, Fabio Sticca, Dinah R. Kübler, Tanja H. Kakebeeke, Jon A. Caflisch, Oskar G. Jenni, Flavia M. Wehrle
Mental abilities and physical growth are important determinants of health across the lifespan. Here, the stability of these traits was assessed from 6 months to 65 years of age to investigate periods of stability and malleability. Mental abilities, height, and weight were assessed at 11 time-points in participants of the Zurich Longitudinal Studies. Individuals with more than three missing data points
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fMRI functional connectivity is a better predictor of general intelligence than cortical morphometric features and ICA parcellation order affects predictive performance Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-01-20 Erick Almeida de Souza, Stéphanie Andrade Silva, Bruno Hebling Vieira, Carlos Ernesto Garrido Salmon
Intelligence, as a general cognitive ability, shows a substantial inter-subject variation. Because of its impact on our lives, there is great interest in explaining the neural substrates of these differences. We used a large set of neuroimaging and behavioral data from 805 subjects, provided by the Human Connectome Project, and applied predictive models based on elastic-net regression using functional
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What lies beneath the structure of intelligence? Overview of the special issue on the processes underlying intelligence Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-01-17 Marco Koch, Nicolas Becker, Samuel Greiff
Abstract not available
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Educational choice has greater effects on sex ratios of college STEM majors than has the greater male variance in general intelligence (g) Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2023-01-05 Dai Li, Yizhen Wang, Lantian Li
In STEM fields other than biological sciences (math-intensive STEM), there is a greater ratio of males to females (M:F ratio) than that of the general population. The Ability Distribution Hypothesis suggests that this is mainly due to greater male variance in g. Others hypothesize that this is due to sex differences in occupational interests. There has not been an empirical study to evaluate which
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The association between intelligence and face processing abilities: A conceptual and meta-analytic review Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Dana L. Walker, Romina Palermo, Zoe Callis, Gilles E. Gignac
Whether there is an association between intelligence and face processing ability (i.e., face detection, face perception and face memory) is contentious, with some suggesting a moderate, positive association and others contending there is no meaningful association. The inconsistent results may be due to sample size differences, as well as variability in the quality of intelligence measures administered
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Ongoing trends of human intelligence Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2022-11-28 Gerhard Meisenberg, Richard Lynn
The aim of the study is to estimate the most recent trends of intelligence world-wide. We find that the most recent studies report mainly positive Flynn effects in economically less developed countries, but trivial and frequently negative Flynn effects in the economically most advanced countries. This is confirmed by an analysis of 48 countries in the 2000–2018 PISA tests, showing that high pre-existing
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Reevaluating the Dunning-Kruger effect: A response to and replication of Gignac and Zajenkowski (2020) Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2022-11-23 Curtis S. Dunkel, Joseph Nedelec, Dimitri van der Linden
As applied to general intelligence, the Dunning-Kruger effect (DK) is the phenomenon in which individuals at the lower end of the intellectual ability distribution are more likely to overestimate their intelligence. In a recent article in Intelligence it was suggested that the DK is primarily a statistical artifact and, indeed, the application of more appropriate analyses led to a failure to replicate
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Domain-specificity of Flynn effects in the CHC-model: Stratum II test score changes in Germanophone samples (1996–2018) Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2022-11-10 Alexandros Lazaridis, Marco Vetter, Jakob Pietschnig
Generational IQ test score changes (the Flynn effect) were globally positive over large parts of the 20th century. However, accumulating evidence of recent studies shows a rather inconsistent pattern in past decades. Patterns of recently observed test score changes appeared to be markedly different in strength and even signs between countries and domains. Because of between-study design differences
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Form perception speed is critical for the relationship between non-verbal number sense and arithmetic fluency Intelligence (IF 3.613) Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Shijia Fang, Xinlin Zhou
Form perception has been found to be critical for arithmetic fluency. How visual processing of form is related to arithmetic fluency is a question that remains to be answered. The current study hypothesized that form perception speed correlates with arithmetic fluency. Experiment 1 applied a between-subject design. 227 fifth grade students were recruited and randomly divided into two experimental groups