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RESiLIENT (Resilience Enhancement with Smartphone in LIving ENvironmenTs) Trial: The Statistical Analysis Plan medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Hisashi Noma, Toshi A Furukawa, Aran Tajika, Masatsugu Sakata, Yan Luo, Rie Toyomoto, Masaru Horikoshi, Tatsuo Akechi, Norito Kawakami, Takeo Nakayama, Naoki Kondo, Shingo Fukuma, Helen Christensen, Ronald Charles Kessler, Pim Cuijpers, James Wason
This document gives a statistical analysis plan of the acute intervention effects of the RESiLIENT (Resilience Enhancement with Smartphone in LIving ENvironmenTs) trial, designed as a master protocol including four 2×2 factorial trials to elucidate specific efficacies of five cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) skills (cognitive restructuring, behavioural activation, problem-solving, assertion training
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While they wait: A cross-sectional survey on wait times for mental health treatment for anxiety and depression for Australian adolescents medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Mirjana Subotic-Kerry, Thomas Borchard, Belinda Parker, Sophie H Li, Jayden Choi, Emma V Long, Philip J Batterham, Alexis E Whitton, Aniela Gockiert, Lucinda Spencer, Bridianne O'Dea
Background: Wait times are reported to impede adolescents access to mental health treatment for anxiety and depression. However, there is limited quantitative research on current wait times for the treatment of anxiety and depression for Australian adolescents' and the impact of these on young help-seekers. Aims: This study examined Australian adolescents' experiences of wait times for the treatment
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Extra-axial inflammatory signal and its relation to peripheral and central immunity in depression medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Brandi Eiff, Edward T. Bullmore, Menna R. Clatworthy, Tim D. Fryer, Carmine M. Pariante, Valeria Mondelli, Lucia Maccioni, Nouchine Hadjikhani, Marco L. Loggia, Michael A. Moskowitz, Emiliano Bruner, Mattia Veronese, Federico E. Turkheimer, NIMA Consortium, Julia J. Schubert
Although both central and peripheral inflammation have been consistently observed in depression, the relationship between the two remains obscure. Extra-axial immune cells may play a role in mediating the connection between central and peripheral immunity. This study investigates the potential roles of calvarial bone marrow and parameningeal spaces in mediating interactions between central and peripheral
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Developing a Motherhood regret scale: An examination of reliability, validity, and association with basic attributes medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Ranno Haruyama, Koubun Wakashima, Kohei Koiwa
The first objective of this study was to develop a scale that measures the level of regret of becoming a mother among women at various stages of motherhood (child age ranging from unborn to 29 years old) and examine its reliability and validity. The second objective was to explore the effects of participants’ basic attributes on the regret of becoming a mother. The study recruited mothers who were
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Early warning signals observed in motor activity preceding mood state change in bipolar disorder. medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Petter Jakobsen, Ulysse Cote-Allard, Michael Alexander Riegler, Lena Antonsen Stabell, Andrea Stautland, Tine Nordgreen, Jim Torresen, Ole Bernt Fasmer, Ketil Joachim Oedegaard
Background: Alterations in motor activity are well-established symptoms of bipolar disorder, and time series of motor activity can be considered complex dynamical systems. In such systems, early warning signals (EWS) occur in a critical transition period preceding a sudden shift (tipping point) in the system. EWS are statistical observations occurring due to a system's declining ability to maintain
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Increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide formation, lowered total radical trapping capacity coupled with psychological stressors largely predict the phenome of first-episode mild depression in undergraduate students medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Francis F Brinholi, Asara Vasupanrajit, Laura de O. Semeao, Ana Paula Michelin, Andressa K. Matsumoto, Abbas F. Almulla, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul, Decio S. Barbosa, Michael Maes
Undergraduate students are frequently afflicted by major depressive disorder (MDD). Oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD. There is no information regarding whether mild outpatient MDD (SDMD) and first episode SDMD (FE-SDMD) are accompanied by O&NS. The current study compared lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced protein oxidation
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Hallucination- and delusion-like experiences are associated with increased precision of sensory evidence in perceptual inference medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 FRANCESCO SCARAMOZZINO, Ryan McKay, Nicholas Furl
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS. Predictive coding proposes that psychotic phenomenology stems from alterations in precision encoding of neural signals. Previous studies indicate links between psychotic-like experiences, increased sensory evidence precision, and reduced data-gathering in probabilistic reasoning. If sensory precison is increased in bottom-up signalling, we would expect it to be present in
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Sex Differences in the Acute Effects of Oral THC: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Human Laboratory Study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Ardavan Mohammad Aghaei, Lia Urban Spillane, Brian Pittman, L. Taylor Flynn, Joao P. De Aquino, Anahita Bassir Nia, Mohini Ranganathan
Abstract Rationale: Recent reports have shown increased cannabis use among women, leading to growing concerns about cannabis use disorder (CUD). Some evidence suggests a faster progression to addiction in women, known as the "telescoping effect". While there is preclinical evidence suggesting biological sex influences cannabinoid effects, human research remains scant. We investigated sex differences
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Cognitive Processing Speed and Loneliness in Stroke Survivors: Insights from a Large- Scale Cohort Study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Christopher Byrne, Rudi Coetzer, Richard Ramsey
Objective Loneliness, when prolonged, is associated with many deleterious effects and has been shown to be highly prevalent in those with a history of stroke, yet the cognitive mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the extent to which cognitive factors, with specific focus on processing speed, are associated with loneliness in those
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Brief psychological interventions to improve mental health outcomes in refugee populations: A systematic review medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-10 Nadia Aaliyah Daniel, Xin Liu, Elizabeth T Thomas, Emily Eraneva-Dibb, Al-Maz Ahmed, Carl Heneghan
Background: Refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced people experience a high burden of mental health problems owing to their experiencing traumas and stressful events. . Objective: To summarise the available evidence and analyse the efficacy of brief psychological interventions (< 3 months) on improving mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder
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The Relationship Between Neighborhood Safety, Paternal Presence and Somatic Symptoms of Dissociation in Children medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Jenna Pacelli
Introduction: Child exposure to prolonged stressful home environments can lead to life-long patterns that are later misdiagnosed in adulthood as anxiety disorders, ADHD and depressive disorders, among others. In theory, paternal involvement and neighborhood safety are strong buƀers against toxic stress and therefore dissociative symptoms in children. The relationship between paternal involvement and
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Longitudinal evolution of the transdiagnostic prodrome to severe mental disorders: a dynamic temporal network analysis informed by natural language processing and electronic health records medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Maite Arribas, Joseph Barnby, Rashmi Patel, Robert McCutcheon, Daisy Kornblum, Hitesh Shetty, Kamil Krakowski, Daniel Stahl, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Philip McGuire, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Dominic Oliver
Background: Modelling the prodrome to severe mental disorders (SMD), including unipolar mood disorders (UMD), bipolar mood disorders (BMD) and psychotic disorders (PSY), should consider both the evolution and interactions of symptoms and substance use (prodromal features) over time. Temporal network analysis can address this by representing prodromal features as nodes, with their connections (edges)
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Neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein in mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Matthew Jee Yun Kang, Jasleen Grewal, Dhamidhu Eratne, Charles Malpas, Wei-Hsuan Chiu, Kasper Katisko, Eino Solje, Alexander F Santillo, Philip B Mitchell, Malcolm Hopwood, Dennis Velakoulis
Background: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are biomarkers of neuronal injury measurable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Despite their potential as diagnostic tests for neurodegenerative disorders, it is unclear how they behave in mood and anxiety disorders. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether NfL and GFAP concentrations
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Dissecting depression symptoms: multi-omics clustering uncovers immune-related subgroups and cell-type specific dysregulation medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Jonas Hagenberg, BeCOME study group, OPTIMA study group, Tanja M. Brückl, Mira Erhart, Johannes Kopf-Beck, Maik Ködel, Ghalia Rehawi, Simone Röh-Karamihalev, Susann Sauer, Natan Yusupov, Monika Rex-Haffner, Victor I. Spoormaker, Philipp Sämann, Elisabeth Binder, Janine Knauer-Arloth
In a subset of patients with mental disorders, such as depression, low-grade inflammation and altered immune marker concentrations are observed. However, these immune alterations are often assessed by only one data type and small marker panels. Here, we used a transdiagnostic approach and combined data from two cohorts to define subgroups of depression symptoms across the diagnostic spectrum through
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Detection of Suicidality Through Privacy-Preserving Large Language Models medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Isabella C. Wiest, Falk Gerrik Verhees, Dyke Ferber, Jiefu Zhu, Michael Bauer, Ute Lewitzka, Andrea Pfennig, Pavol Mikolas, Jakob Nikolas Kather
Importance Attempts to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) in psychiatric disorders show moderate success, high-lighting the potential of incorporating information from clinical assessments to improve the mod-els. The study focuses on using Large Language Models (LLMs) to manage unstructured medi-cal text, particularly for suicide risk detection in psychiatric care. Objective The study aims to extract
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Common and separable neural alterations in adult and adolescent depression - evidence from neuroimaging meta-analyses medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Mercy Chepngetich Bore, Xiqin Liu, Keith M Kendrick, Bo Zhou, Jie Zhang, Benjamin Klugah-Brown, Benjamin Becker
Depression is a highly prevalent and debilitating disorder that often begins in adolescence. However, it remains unclear whether adults and adolescents with depression exhibit common or separate brain dysfunctions during reward processing. We aimed to identify common and separable neurofunctional alterations during receipt of rewards and brain structure in adolescents and adults with depression. A
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Local patterns of genetic sharing challenge the boundaries between neuropsychiatric and insulin resistance-related conditions. medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Giuseppe Fanelli, Barbara Franke, Chiara Fabbri, Josefin Werme, Izel Erdogan, Ward De Witte, Geert Poelmans, I. Hyun Ruisch, Lianne Maria Reus, Veerle van Gils, Willemijn J. Jansen, Stephanie J.B. Vos, Kazi Asraful Alam, Jan Haavik, Aurora Martinez, Theresa Wimberley, Søren Dalsgaard, Ábel Fóthi, Csaba Barta, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Susana Jimenez-Murcia, Simone Berkel, Silke Matura, Jordi Salas-Salvadó
The co-occurrence of insulin resistance (IR)-related metabolic conditions with neuropsychiatric disorders is a complex public health challenge. Evidence of the genetic links between these phenotypes is emerging, but little is currently known about the genomic regions and biological functions that are involved. To address this, we performed Local Analysis of [co]Variant Association (LAVA) using large-scale
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Normative modeling of thalamic nuclear volumes medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Taylor R Young, Vinod Jangid Kumar, Manojkumar Saranathan
Thalamic nuclei have been implicated in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Normative models for thalamic nuclear volumes have not been proposed thus far. The aim of this work was to establish normative models of thalamic nuclear volumes and subsequently investigate changes in thalamic nuclei in cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Volumes of the bilateral thalami and 12 nuclear regions
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Gender Biases In Sports Concussions: A Differential Item Functioning Analysis into NCAA Female Athlete Symptom Presentation and Validity of the SCAT3 Checklist medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Rachel E Edelstein, Karen Schmidt, Sydney Cushing, John Darrell Van Horn
Background: As a consequence of sports-related concussions, female athletes have been documented as reporting more symptoms than their male counterparts, in addition to incurring longer periods of recovery. However, the role of gender and its potential influence on symptom reporting and recovery outcomes in concussion management has not been completely explored. Study Design: This study investigates
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Comparative efficacy and acceptability of treatment strategies for antipsychotic-induced akathisia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Yuki Furukawa, Kota Imai, Yusuke Takahashi, Orestis Efthimiou, Stefan Leucht
Background: Antipsychotics are the treatment of choice for schizophrenia, but they often induce akathisia. However, comparative efficacy of treatment strategies for akathisia remains unclear. Design: We performed a systematic review and network meta-analyses (PROSPERO CRD42023450720). We searched multiple databases on 24th July 2023. We included randomized clinical trials comparing one or more treatment
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Associations of Systemic Inflammation and Senescent Cell Biomarkers with Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults with Schizophrenia medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 M. K. Kirsten Chui, Kevin L Schneider, Katherine Miclau, Sara C LaHue, David Furman, Heather Leutwyler, John C Newman
Individuals with schizophrenia suffer from higher morbidity and mortality throughout life partly due to acceleration of aging-related diseases and conditions. Systemic inflammation is a hallmark of aging and is also observed in schizophrenia. An improved understanding of how inflammation and accelerated aging contribute to long-term health outcomes in schizophrenia could provide more effective treatments
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Familial risk of postpartum psychosis medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Adrianna P Kepinska, Thalia Robakis, Keith Humphreys, Xiaoqin Liu, Rene S. Kahn, Trine Munk-Olsen, Veerle Bergink, Behrang Mahjani
Background: Postpartum psychosis, a mood disorder triggered by childbirth, is one of the most severe psychiatric conditions, with high risks of suicide and infanticide if untreated. While it is evident that genetic factors play a crucial role in disorder risk, the exact extent of their importance is yet to be determined. Methods: This cohort study consisted of 1,633,535 birthing parents from the Swedish
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Depressive Symptoms and its Associated Factors among Health Care Workers in Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia. medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Melese Bahiru Tesema, Berhanu Teshome Woldeamanuel, Eyoel Berhane Mekonen, Kidest Getu Melese
Background: Depression is a mental disorder that presents with a depressed mood, loss of pleasure or interest, decrease in energy, feeling of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, and poor-concentration. Healthcare professionals are more susceptible to depression because they face higher amounts of professional stress in their job and academic lives. However, there is limited
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Effect of blood collection tube containing protease inhibitors on the pre-analytical stability of Alzheimer s disease plasma biomarkers medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Yijun Chen, Xuemei Zeng, Anuradha Sehrawat, Jihui Lee, Tara K Lafferty, James J Boslett, William E Klunk, Tharick A Pascoal, Victor L Villemagne, Annie D Cohen, Oscar Lopez, Nathan A Yates, Thomas K Karikari
INTRODUCTION: The reliability of plasma Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers can be compromised by protease-induced degradation. This limits the feasibility of conducting plasma biomarker studies in environments that lack the capacity for immediate processing and appropriate storage of blood samples. We hypothesized that blood collection tube supplementation with protease inhibitors can improve the
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Stress vulnerability and resilience in children facing COVID-19-related discrimination: a quasi-experimental study using polygenic, brain, and sociodemographic data medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Jinwoo Yi, Eunji Lee, Bo-Gyeom Kim, Gakyung Kim, Yoonjung Yoonie Joo, Jiook Cha
During the pandemic, perceived COVID-19-related discrimination aggravated children's stress levels. The remaining question is to evaluate the individual variability in these effects and to identify vulnerable or resilient populations and why. Using the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development dataset (N = 1,116) and causal machine learning approach - Generalized Random Forest, we examined the average
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Voxel-wise hemispheric Amyloid Asymmetry and its association with cerebral metabolism and grey matter density in cognitively normal older adults medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Hunsica Jayaprakash, Akiko Mizuno, Beth E Snitz, Ann D Cohen, William E Klunk, Howard J Aizenstein, Helmet Talib Karim
Introduction: Alzheimers disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by changes in beta amyloid (Abeta) and tau as well as changes in cerebral glucose metabolism and gray matter volume. This has been categorized as three distinct stages of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration. Past studies have shown asymmetric Abeta accumulation and its association with asymmetric cerebral metabolism
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Antipsychotics in Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia: A Within-Subject Approach with modelling of dosage effects medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Kenneth C.Y. Wong, Perry Bok Man Leung, Benedict K.W. Lee, Pak C. Sham, Simon S.Y. Lui, Hon-Cheong So
Background: Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are commonly used to treat schizophrenia (SCZ), but SGAs may differ in the severity of side effects. Long-term studies are lacking, and previous observational studies have limitations, such as failure to account for confounding factors and short follow-up duration. Aims: To compare the long-term anthropometric and metabolic side effects of seven SGAs
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Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulating the Association between OR2L13 and Major Psychiatric Disorders medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Fei Li, Jian Zhao, Xiujuan Du, Lingli Zhang, Tai Ren, Hua He
Abstract Background Previously, population-based cohort studies have identified the association between epigenetic modifications of OR2L13 related to mental disorders and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the causal nature of these associations remains difficult to establish owing to confounding. Aims The purpose of the study was to investigate the causal effect of methylation of OR2L13
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Multichannel tDCS with Advanced Targeting for Major Depressive Disorder: A Tele-Supervised At-Home Pilot Study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Giulio Ruffini, Ricardo Salvador, Davide Cappon, Francesca Castaldo, Thais Baleeiro, Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Purpose: Proof-of-principle human studies suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) may improve the clinical symptoms of depression. This multicenter study (N=35) tested remotely supervised and repeated daily multichannel tDCS delivered at home designed to target the L-DLPFC in a group of patients with major depressive disorder
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Lifestyle interventions for dementia prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A systematic review medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Rosario Isabel Espinoza Jeraldo, Sedigheh Isabel Zabihi, Claudia Miranda-Castillo, Charles Marshall, Claudia Cooper
By 2050, two-thirds of people with dementia will live in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Efforts to adapt and test multi-modal prevention interventions focusing on lifestyle changes for people at risk of dementia are being developed predominantly in higher income countries, for people with and without cognitive symptoms. However, there is evidence that needs may differ between these groups
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Patterns of mental disorders in a nationwide child psychiatric sample (N=67,815): A DREAMS study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Malindi van der Mheen, Josjan Zijlmans, Daniel van der Doelen, Helen Klip, Rikkert M van der Lans, Hyun I Ruisch, Ymkje Anna de Vries, Jacintha M Tieskens, Marleen Wildschut, Jan Buitelaar, Pieter J Hoekstra, Ramon JL Lindauer, Arne Popma, Robert Vermeiren, Wouter Staal, DREAMS consortium, Tinca Polderman
Objective To provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and comorbidity patterns of mental disorders in a large, nationwide child and adolescent psychiatry sample. Methods We retrieved data on DSM diagnoses from medical records of children (0.5-23 years old) who received care at a DREAMS center between 2015 and 2019. DREAMS is a consortium of four academic centers for child and adolescent psychiatry
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Personalized Brain-Computer Interface-based Intervention for Mindful Anxiety Regulation in Young Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Wan Jie Tan, Yi Ding, Bernice Xiangting Lin, Neethu Robinson, Qiuhao Zeng, Su Zhang, Aung Aung Phyo Wai, Tih-Shih Lee, Cuntai Guan
Importance: Brain-computer interface- (BCI-) based interventions are promising means for self-administered anxiety treatment due to their non-invasiveness and portability. However, few studies have explored their viability in the home setting. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel, personalized, BCI-based intervention integrating mindfulness principles for anxiety
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What is the extent of research assessing patients' and clinicians' perspectives on clozapine treatment? - a comprehensive scoping review medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Michelle Iris Jakobsen, Julie Perrine Schaug, Ole Jakob Storebø, Stephen Fitzgerald Austin, Jimmi Nielsen, Erik Simonsen
Background: The atypical antipsychotic clozapine is the gold standard for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia; however, it is continuously underutilized in most parts of the world. A few systematic reviews addressing barriers to clozapine prescribing have previously been conducted, primarily focusing on clinical staff's attitudes and perceived barriers to prescribing. However, a preliminary
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Online psychometric performance of the Athens Insomnia Scale among Colombian people medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Adalberto Campo-Arias, Carmen Cecilia Caballero-Dominguez, John Carlos Pedrozo-Pupo
Objective: The study aimed to perform confirmatory factor, internal consistency, and differential item functioning analyses of AIS in two Colombian online samples. Methods: Two samples were recruited online at different times. A secondary validation study was conducted with the participation of adults. The first sample was adults from the general population (n = 700, between 18 and 76 years, M = 37
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Quantifying the Relative Importance of Genetics and Environment on the Comorbidity between Mental- and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Comprehensive Analysis of National Register Data from 17 million Scandinavians. medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Joeri Meijsen, Kejia Hu, Morten Dybdahl Krebs, Georgios Athanasiadis, Jesper Gadin, Raquel Nogueira Avelar e Silva, John Shorter, Richard Zetterberrg, Jacob Bergstedt, Weimin Ye, David M Howard, Yi Lu, Unnur Valdimarsdottir, Dorte Helenius Mikkelsen, Andres Ingason, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll, John J McGrath, Nadia Micali, Ole Andreassen, Thomas Werge, Fang Fang, Alfonso Buil
Mental disorders (MDs) are leading causes of disability and premature death worldwide, partly due to high comorbidity with cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs). Reasons for this comorbidity are still poorly understood. We leverage nation-wide health records and complete genealogies of Denmark and Sweden (n=17 million) to reveal the genetic and environmental contributions underlying the observed comorbidity
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Psychological status of medical students and interns in the wake of the armed conflict of April 2023 in Sudan. A cross-sectional study. medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Salaheddin Mohammed Abdulhamid, Faris Kh. Almokdad, Razan J. Q. Ahmed, Rawah M. A. M. Elbashir, Yousif Ali Ahmed Suleiman
The ongoing civil war in Sudan of April 2023 has erupted as two belligerent groups vie for the position of ruler in the country, resulting in severe detrimental effects throughout the population, from deaths to property losses to severe deterioration of the already strained infrastructures of the country, to the sheer psychological trauma from observing and suffering the ongoing dramatic events. A
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Validation of an ICD-code-based case definition for psychotic illness across three health systems medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Anthony Deo, Victor Castro, Ashley Baker, Devon Carroll, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, David C. Henderson, Daphne J. Holt, Kimberly Hook, Rakesh Karmacharya, Joshua L. Roffman, Emily M. Madsen, Eugene Song, William G. Adams, Luisa Camacho, Sarah Gasman, Jada S. Gibbs, Rebecca G. Fortgang, Chris J. Kennedy, Galina Lozinski, Daisy C. Perez, Marina Wilson, Ben Y. Reis, Jordan W. Smoller
Background and Hypothesis Early detection of psychosis is critical for improving outcomes. Algorithms to predict or detect psychosis using electronic health record (EHR) data depend on the validity of the case definitions used, typically based on diagnostic codes. Data on the validity of psychosis-related diagnostic codes is limited. We evaluated the positive predictive value (PPV) of International
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The real-world evidence to the effects of primary psychological healthcare system in diluting risks of suicide ideation in underrepresented children/adolescents: an observational, multi-center, population-based, and longitudinal study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Wei Li, Xuerong Liu, Qianyu Zhang, Xiaobing Tian, Jidong Ren, Xiaodi Han, Chang Shen, Yanyan Li, Ji Chen, Lei Xia, Jingxuan Zhang, Yi Wu, Jie Gong, Hai Lan, Yan Wu, Zhengzhi Feng, Zhiyi Chen
Background Establishing primary psychological healthcare system to prevent suicide was eagerly advocated. However, it remains unclear whether such policy-driven and low-cost healthcare systems could be practical, especially with equal benefits for underrepresented children/adolescents. We aimed to examine the real-world practical effects of primary psychological healthcare system in preventing suicide
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Investigating brain dynamics and their association with cognitive control in opioid use disorder using naturalistic and drug cue paradigms medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Jean Ye, Saloni Mehta, Hannah Peterson, Ahmad Ibrahim, Gul Saeed, Sarah Linsky, Iouri Kreinin, Sui Tsang, Uzoji Nwanaji-Enwerem, Anthony Raso, Jagriti Arora, Fuyuze Tokoglu, Sarah W. Yip, C. Alice Hahn, Cheryl Lacadie, Abigail S. Greene, R. Todd Constable, Declan T. Barry, Nancy S. Redeker, Henry Yaggi, Dustin Scheinost
Objectives: Opioid use disorder (OUD) impacts millions of people worldwide. The prevalence and debilitating effects of OUD present a pressing need to understand its neural mechanisms to provide more targeted interventions. Prior studies have linked altered functioning in large-scale brain networks with clinical symptoms and outcomes in OUD. However, these investigations often do not consider how brain
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Continuous-Time and Dynamic Suicide Attempt Risk Prediction with Neural Ordinary Differential Equations medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Yi-han Sheu, Jaak Simm, Bo Wang, Hyunjoon Lee, Jordan Smoller
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the US, and the number of attributable deaths continues to increase. Risk of suicide-related behaviors (SRBs) is dynamic, and SRBs can occur across a continuum of time and locations. However, current SRB risk assessment methods, whether conducted by clinicians or through machine learning models, treat SRB risk as static and are confined to specific times
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Parkinsonism in bipolar disorder: a clinical-neuroimaging study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Yoshiyuki Nishio, Kiyomi Amemiya, Jun Ohyama
Background: Parkinsonism is a frequently encountered symptom in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). It can be drug-induced, co-occurring with Parkinson's disease (PD), or a genuine motor abnormality of BD itself. This study aims to clarify the primary pathophysiology of parkinsonism in BD. Methods: Sixteen patients with BD and parkinsonism were recruited from consecutive patients who were referred
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Student and staff experiences of a novel curriculum-based peer support intervention (“study groups”) to support the mental health and wellbeing of postgraduate taught students medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Tayla McCloud, Tiffeny James, Sarah Rowe, Jonathon Huntley, Gemma Lewis, Claire Callender, Sonia Johnson, Jo Billings
Background: In recent years there has been increasing concern for the wellbeing of higher education students, and institutions are under pressure to act. Loneliness and social isolation appear common among students, particularly postgraduate taught (PGT) students, and are linked to adverse outcomes such as depression and abandoning studies. We have in place a novel curriculum-based peer support intervention
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Analyzing Fractal Dimension in Electroconvulsive Therapy: Unraveling Complexity in Structural and Functional Neuroimaging medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Niklaus Denier, Matthias Grieder, Kay Jann, Sigrid Breit, Nicolas Mertse, Sebastian Walther, Leila M. Soravia, Agnes Meyer, Andrea Federspiel, Roland Wiest, Tobias Bracht
Background: Numerous studies show that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) induces hippocampal neuroplasticity, but findings are inconsistent regarding its clinical relevance. This study aims to investigate ECT-induced plasticity of anterior and posterior hippocampi using mathematical complexity measures in neuroimaging, namely Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD) for fMRI time series and the fractal dimension
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Quantifying body size estimation accuracy and body dissatisfaction in body dysmorphic disorder using a digital avatar medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Sameena Karsan, Joel P. Diaz-Fong, Ronald Ly, Gerhard Hellemann, Jamie D. Feusner
A core feature of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is body image disturbance. Many with BDD misperceive and are dissatisfied with the sizes and shapes of body parts, but detailed quantification and analysis of this has not yet been performed. To address this gap, we applied Somatomap 3D, a digital avatar tool, to quantify body image disturbances by assessing body size estimation (BSE) accuracy and body
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A co-produced community engagement workshop in South London to reduce psychosis related stigma medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Shujun Cai, Joelyn N Danga Koroma, Charlotte Graham, Megan McKay, Caroleen Bray, Lauren Colgan, Sarah Lynch, Sharon Fitzell, Isaac Akande, Thomas John Spencer
Background Early access to services is essential for those suffering a psychotic illness or at risk for the condition. Lack of knowledge of services and public stigma are major barriers to care and are associated with increased duration of untreated psychosis and delays in those at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) from accessing support. Education and contact programmes have shown promise in
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Beyond IQ: Executive function deficits and their relation to functional, clinical, and neuroimaging outcomes in 3q29 deletion syndrome medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Rebecca M Pollak, Esra Sefik, Katrina Aberizk, Kuaikuai Duan, Roberto Espana, Ryan M Guest, Adam E Goldman-Yassen, Katrina Goines, Derek M Novacek, Celine A Saulnier, Cheryl Klaiman, Stormi Pulver, Joseph F Cubells, T Lindsey Burrell, Sarah Shultz, Elaine F Walker, Melissa M Murphy, Jennifer G Mulle
Background 3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is a rare (~1:30,000) genomic disorder associated with a wide array of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric phenotypes. Prior work by our team identified clinically significant executive function deficits in 47% of individuals with 3q29del; however, the nuances of executive function in this population have not been described. Methods We used the Behavior Rating
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Large-Scale Mendelian Randomization Study Reveals Circulating Blood-based Proteomic Biomarkers for Psychopathology and Cognitive Task Performance medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Upasana Bhattacharyya, Jibin John, Max Lam, Jonah Fisher, Benjamin Sun, Denis Baird, Chia-Yen Chen, Todd Lencz
Research on peripheral (blood-based) biomarkers for psychiatric illness has typically been low-throughput, and traditional case-control studies are subject to potential confounds of treatment and other exposures. Here, we leverage large-scale, high-throughput proteomics data and Mendelian Randomization (MR) to examine the causal impact of circulating proteins on neuropsychiatric phenotypes. We utilized
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Are abnormalities in lipid metabolism, together with adverse childhood experiences, the silent causes of immune-linked neurotoxicity in major depression? medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Michael Maes, Ketsupar Jirakran, Asara Vasupanrajit, Bo Zhou, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul, Drozdstoj St. Stoyanov, Abbas F. Almulla
Abstract Background: Severe or recurring major depression is associated with increased adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), heightened atherogenicity, and immune-linked neurotoxicity (INT). Nevertheless, the interconnections among these variables in outpatient of major depression (OMDD) have yet to be determined. Objectives: Determine the correlations among INT, atherogenicity, and ACEs in 66 OMDD
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Orbitofrontal cortex hypergyrification in hallucinating schizophrenia patients: surface ratio as a promising brain biomarker medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Christian Núñez, Christian Stephan-Otto, Alexandra Roldán, Eva Mª Grasa, Mª José Escartí, Eduardo J Aguilar García-Iturrospe, Gracián García-Martí, Maria de la Iglesia-Vaya, Juan Nacher, Maria J Portella, Iluminada Corripio
Background: There has been increasing interest in the study of brain gyrification in schizophrenia since it may provide additional useful information on the cytoarchitecture and connectivity of the brain. Various methods have been developed to estimate brain gyrification that, so far, have yielded mixed and inconclusive results in schizophrenia studies. To the best of our knowledge, an alternative
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Mental illness stigma in England: What happened after the Time to Change Programme to reduce stigma and discrimination? medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Amy Ronaldson, Claire Henderson
Background: We investigated the extent to which positive changes in stigma outcomes reported over the course of Time to Change were sustained by 2023, two years after the programmes end in 2021. Methods: We used regression analyses to evaluate trends in outcomes. Measures were of stigma-related knowledge (Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS)), attitudes (Community Attitudes to the Mentally Ill scale
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Machine Learning Models for the Prediction of Early-Onset Bipolar Using Electronic Health Records medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Bo Wang, Yi-han Sheu, Hyunjoon Lee, Robert G Mealer, Victor M Castro, Jordan W Smoller
Objective Early identification of bipolar disorder (BD) provides an important opportunity for timely intervention. In this study, we aimed to develop machine learning models using large-scale electronic health record (EHR) data including clinical notes for predicting early-onset BD. Method Structured and unstructured data were extracted from the longitudinal EHR of the Mass General Brigham health system
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A metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization study identifies dysregulated arachidonic acid synthesis as a potential causal risk factor for bipolar disorder medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-20 David Stacey, Beben Benyamin, S. Hong Lee, Elina Hypponen
Background: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a debilitating mood disorder with an unclear aetiology. A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms will help to identify novel targets for improved treatment options and prevention strategies. In this metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization study, we screened for metabolites that may have a causal role in BPD. Methods: We tested a total
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Development of a differential treatment selection model for depression on consolidated and transformed clinical trial datasets medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Kelly Perlman, Joseph Mehltretter, David Benrimoh, Caitrin Armstrong, Robert Fratila, Christina Popescu, Jingla-Fri Tunteng, Jerome Williams, Colleen Rollins, Grace Golden, Gustavo Turecki
Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, yet treatment selection still proceeds via trial and error. Given the varied presentation of MDD and heterogeneity of treatment response, the use of machine learning to understand complex, non-linear relationships in data may be key for treatment personalization. Well-organized, structured data from clinical trials
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Hyperorality in Frontotemporal Dementia: How Psychiatric and Neural Correlates Change Across the Disease Course medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Christopher Morrow, Chiadi Onyike, Alexander Pantelyat, Gwenn Smith, Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos, Andreia Faria, Neil Graff-Radford, Ryan Darby, Nupur Ghoshal, Adam Staffaroni, Katya Rascovsky, Toji Miyagawa, Akshata Balaji, Kyrana Tsapkini, Maria Lapid, Mario Mendez, Irene Litvan, Belen Pascual, Julio Rojas-Rodriguez, Zbigniew Wszolek, Kimiko Domoto-Reilly, John Kornak, Vidyulata Kamath, ALLFTD Consortium
Objectives: Hyperorality is one of the core features of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), however, the cognitive, psychiatric, and neuroanatomic correlates of hyperorality across disease stages remain unclear. This study works to fill this knowledge gap by exploring these associations in the early and advanced stages of bvFTD. Methods: Participants with sporadic and genetic bvFTD
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A transcriptome-wide Mendelian randomization study in isolated human immune cells highlights interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 as a schizophrenia hub gene. medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-20 David Stacey, Liam Gaziano, Preethi Eldi, Catherine Toben, Beben Benyamin, S. Hong Lee, Elina Hypponen
Immune mechanisms are associated with schizophrenia, although the precise mechanisms involved are not fully understood. To identify immune genes associated with schizophrenia, we conducted a transcriptome-wide Mendelian randomization study using gene expression exposures from 29 cis-eQTL datasets encompassing 11 unique immune cell types, all publicly available from the eQTL catalogue. These analyses
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Anxiety symptoms of major depression associated with increased willingness to exert cognitive, but not physical effort medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Laura A Bustamante, Deanna M Barch, Johanne Solis, Temitope Oshinowo, Ivan Grahek, Anna B Konova, Nathaniel D Daw, Jonathan D Cohen
Background: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) can experience reduced motivation and cognitive function, leading to challenges with goal-directed behavior. When selecting goals, people maximize 'expected value' by selecting actions that maximize potential reward while minimizing associated costs, including effort 'costs' and the opportunity cost of time. In MDD, differential weighing
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Frequency & Relationship between Loneliness and Smartphone Addiction among Medical Students of Lahore. medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Ammar Sohail
Smartphone addiction is a widespread and concerning issue wherein individuals excessively and compulsively use their smartphones. It's characterized by habitual and prolonged phone usage, resulting in negative impacts on physical and mental health, strained personal relationships, increased fixation on the device, and a notable decrease in both personal productivity and overall quality of life. This
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Investigating disorder-specific and transdiagnostic alterations in model-based and model-free decision-making medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Franziska Knolle, Pritha Sen, Adam J Culbreth, Kathrin Koch, Benita Schmitz-Koep, Deniz A Guersel, Klaus Wunderlich, Mihai Avram, Goetz Berberich, Christian Sorg, Felix Brandl
Background: Decision-making alterations are present in psychiatric illnesses like major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia, linked to symptoms of the respective disorders. Understanding unique and shared decision-making alterations across these disorders is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment, especially given potential comorbidities. Methods: Using
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Differential connectivity of frontolimbic circuit induced by individualized disorder-specific stimuli in distinct symptom profiles of obsessive-compulsive disorder medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Navya Spurthi Thatikonda, Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Janardhan Reddy Y. C., Shyam Sundar Arumugham
Background Emotional processing deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are reportedly caused by an aberrant frontolimbic circuit activation with inconsistent evidence, possibly due to symptom heterogeneity. We compared the activation and connectivity patterns of the frontolimbic structures during symptom provocation between patients with distinct symptom profiles of OCD.
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MicroRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and predictors of antidepressant response in major depressive disorder: a systematic review medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Beatriz A. Carneiro, Lívia N. F. Guerreiro-Costa, Daniel H. Lins-Silva, Daniela Faria-Guimarães, Lucca S. Souza, Gustavo C. Leal, Ana Teresa C. Fontes, Graziele Beanes, Ryan S. Costa, Lucas C. Quarantini
Despite the hardships of major depressive disorder (MDD), biomarkers for the diagnosis and pharmacological management of this condition are lacking. MicroRNAs are epigenetic mechanisms that could provide promising MDD biomarkers. Our aim was to summarize the findings and provide validation for the selection and use of specific microRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. A systematic