样式: 排序: IF: - GO 导出 标记为已读
-
Financial Incentives for Physical Activity and Sports Participation in Young People. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Catherine Em Simpson, Rachel G Curtis, Rosa Virgara, Michelle Crisp, Simone Licari, Michaela James, Lindsey Reece, Carol A Maher
Physical inactivity is a global health problem. Childhood is an opportune time to establish healthy physical activity behaviors, including the participation in organized physical activity, such as sports. We hypothesize that financial incentives can improve young people's participation in physical activity and sports. The design of the incentive and the context in which it operates is crucial to its
-
Vascular Responses to Acute Induced Inflammation with Aging: Does Fitness Matter? Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Elizabeth C Lefferts, Sushant M Ranadive
Acute inflammation impairs vascular function in an age dependent manner and affects cardiovascular event risk. Regular aerobic exercise preserves vascular function with aging and potentially modifies how acute inflammation affects the vasculature. We hypothesize high cardiorespiratory fitness may accompany greater arterial responsiveness post-acute inflammation in older adults.
-
Sex Differences in Neuromuscular Ageing: The Role of Sex Hormones. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Jessica Piasecki, Jakob Škarabot, Padraig Spillane, Mathew Piasecki, Paul Ansdell
Males and females experience different trajectories of neuromuscular function across the lifespan, with females demonstrating accelerated deconditioning in later life. We hypothesise that the menopause is a critical period in the female lifespan, during which, the dramatic reduction in sex hormone concentrations negatively impacts synaptic input to the motoneuron pool, as well as motor unit discharge
-
A Novel Conceptual Model for Human Heat Tolerance. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Thomas E Bernard, S Tony Wolf, W Larry Kenney
Human "heat tolerance" has no accepted definition or physiological underpinnings; rather it is almost always discussed in relative or comparative terms. We propose to use environmental limits to heat balance accounting for metabolic rate and clothing, that is, the environments for which heat stress becomes uncompensable for a specified metabolic rate and clothing, as a novel metric for quantifying
-
Low Response to Aerobic Training in Metabolic Disease: Role of Skeletal Muscle. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Rogerio Nogueira Soares, Sarah J Lessard
Aerobic exercise is established to increase cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), which is linked to reduced morbidity and mortality. However, people with metabolic diseases such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes may be more likely to display blunted improvements in CRF with training. Here, we present evidence supporting the hypothesis that altered skeletal muscle signaling and remodeling may contribute to
-
Translating In Vitro Models of Exercise in Human Muscle Cells: A Mitocentric View. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Reichelle X Yeo, John Noone, Lauren M Sparks
Human skeletal muscle cell (HSkMC) models provide the opportunity to examine in vivo training-induced muscle-specific mitochondrial adaptations, additionally allowing for deeper interrogation into the effect of in vitro exercise models on myocellular mitochondrial quality and quantity. As such, this review will compare and contrast the effects of in vivo and in vitro models of exercise on mitochondrial
-
Translating Physical Activity Intentions into Behavior: Reflective, Regulatory, and Reflexive Processes. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Ryan E Rhodes
The purpose of this article was to review predictors of the physical activity (PA) intention-behavior relationship. The review provides evidence for the hypothesis that reflective (consciously deliberated expectations of PA), regulatory (tactics used to enact intentions), and reflexive (stimulus-based associative motivation) processes represent independent determinants of translating PA intentions
-
The Interaction of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Insulin Resistance. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Swathy Krishna, John C Quindry, Rudy J Valentine, Joshua T Selsby
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by deficiency of functional dystrophin protein, is a fatal, progressive muscle disease that frequently includes metabolic dysregulation. Herein, we explore the physiologic consequences of dystrophin deficiency within the context of obesity and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that dystrophin deficiency increases the frequency of insulin resistance, and insulin
-
Plyometric Exercises: Optimizing the Transfer of Training Gains to Sport Performance. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Jacques Duchateau,Ioannis G Amiridis
Rapid force production and its transmission to the skeleton are important factors in movements that involve the stretch-shortening cycle. Plyometric exercises are known to augment this cycle and thereby improve the neuromechanical function of the muscle. However, the training exercises that maximize translation of these gains to sports performance are not well defined. We discuss ways to improve this
-
Using Martial Arts Training as Exercise Therapy Can Benefit All Ages. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Yao Sun, Roza Tabeshian, Hajer Mustafa, E Paul Zehr
Martial arts training focus on whole-body movement patterning, philosophy, interpersonal interactions, and functional self-defense. Such training has positive impacts on physical, psychological, and cognitive well-being in older adults and children with and without clinical conditions. We hypothesize that martial arts training can be delivered as a form of exercise therapy for people at all ages to
-
Physical Activity to Prevent the Age-Related Decline of Endogenous Pain Modulation. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Kelly M Naugle, Keith E Naugle, Monica Teegardin, Anthony S Kaleth
As humans age, the capacity of the central nervous system to endogenously modulate pain significantly deteriorates, thereby increasing the risk for the development of chronic pain. Older adults are the least physically active cohort of all age groups. We hypothesize that a sedentary lifestyle and decreased physical activity may contribute to the decline of endogenous pain modulation associated with
-
Exercise As a Therapy to Maintain Telomere Function and Prevent Cellular Senescence. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Jeongjin J Kim, Alexander Ahn, Jeffrey Ying, Evan Hickman, Andrew T Ludlow
Exercise transiently impacts the expression, regulation, and activity of TERT/telomerase to maintain telomeres and protect the genome from insults. By protecting the telomeres (chromosome ends) and the genome, telomerase promotes cellular survival and prevents cellular senescence. By increasing cellular resiliency, via the actions of telomerase and TERT, exercise promotes healthy aging.
-
Exercise Mediates Myokine Release and Tumor Suppression in Prostate Cancer Independent of Androgen Signaling. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Jin-Soo Kim, Dennis R Taaffe, Daniel A Galvão, Fred Saad, Robert U Newton
A prominent toxicity of androgen suppression in prostate cancer patients is loss of skeletal muscle. Exercise may induce tumor-suppression through the endocrinal function of skeletal muscle, however, this is currently unknown. In this review we summarise our work demonstrating the acute and chronic myokine response to exercise and the tumor-suppressive effect of circulatory milieu alteration in prostate
-
Biomechanical Tradeoffs in Foot Function from Variations in Shoe Design. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 Ali Yawar, Daniel E Lieberman
There is debate and confusion over how to evaluate the biomechanical effects of running shoe design. Here we use an evolutionary perspective to analyze how key design features of running shoes alter the evolved biomechanics of the foot, creating a range of tradeoffs in force production and transmission that may affect performance and vulnerability to injury.
-
Affective Response During Real-World Physical Activity as an Intervention Mediator. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Genevieve F Dunton,Rachel Crosley-Lyons,Ryan E Rhodes
Some people experience pleasure during physical activity, whereas it can be unpleasant for others. Modifying affective responses during physical activity in real-world situations may be an intervention strategy for increasing physical activity. This article follows an experimental medicine framework to summarize evidence identifying, assessing, and influencing affective response during real-world physical
-
Eccentric Exercise as a Potent Prescription for Muscle Weakness After Joint Injury. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-24 Lindsey K Lepley, Luke Stoneback, Peter C D Macpherson, Timothy A Butterfield
Lengthening contractions (i.e., eccentric contractions) are capable of uniquely triggering the nervous system and signaling pathways to promote tissue health/growth. This mode of exercise may be particularly potent for patients suffering from muscle weakness after joint injury. Here we provide a novel framework for eccentric exercise as a safe, effective mode of exercise prescription for muscle recovery
-
A Dietary Strategy for Optimizing the Visual Range of Athletes Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-21 Jacob B. Harth, Lisa M. Renzi-Hammond, Billy R. Jr Hammond
Visual range is quantified by assessing how far one can see clearly (an ability crucial to many athletes). This ability tends to vary significantly across individuals despite similar personal characteristics. We hypothesize that the primary driver of these differences is the individual response to scattered short-wave light in the environment moderated by the dietarily derived retinal pigments lutein
-
Sex Differences in Athletic Performance: Perspectives on Transgender Athletes. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-14 Natalie J Nokoff, Jonathon Senefeld, Csilla Krausz, Sandra Hunter, Michael Joyner
Sex hormone concentrations, particularly testosterone, are primary determinants of sex-based differences in athletic and sports performance, and this relationship may inform fair competition and participation for athletes. This article describes the sex-based dichotomy in testosterone and the implications for sex-based differences in individual sports performance, including factors that relate to athletic
-
Energizing Mitochondria to Prevent Mobility Loss in Aging: Rationale and Hypotheses. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-14 Qu Tian, Philip R Lee, Keenan A Walker, Luigi Ferrucci
Based on recent studies from our group and others, we hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction during aging may be the root cause of mobility decline through deficits in the musculoskeletal and central nervous systems. Mitochondrial dysfunction could be a therapeutic target to prevent mobility decline in aging.
-
Nutrition Interactions With Exercise Training on Endothelial Function Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Andrea J. Lobene, Tristan J. Ragland, Shannon L. Lennon, Steven K. Malin
Exercise is advised to improve overall cardiovascular health and endothelial function. However, the role of nutrition on this exercise-induced endothelial adaptation is not clear. Here, we hypothesize that nutrients interact with exercise to influence endothelial function and chronic disease risk.
-
Altered Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Milena Samora, Ann-Katrin Grotle, Audrey J. Stone
Exaggerated cardiovascular responses to exercise increase the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. This review provides an overview of the altered exercise pressor reflex in T1D, with an emphasis on the mechanical component of the reflex.
-
Yoga Impacts Cognitive Health: Neurophysiological Changes and Stress Regulation Mechanisms Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Stephanie Voss, Jonathan Cerna, Neha P. Gothe
Yoga, a physical and contemplative practice, offers the practitioner a unique mind-body exercise experience demonstrating preliminary efficacy in improving cognitive health. We examine the evidence for underlying mechanisms that explain the yoga-cognition relationship in healthy older adults. The cognitive benefits of yoga may be the result of improved stress regulation and neurocognitive resource
-
Controlling Inflammation Improves Aging Skeletal Muscle Health Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 William A. Fountain, Masatoshi Naruse, Alex Claiborne, Scott Trappe, Todd A. Trappe
Chronic inflammation is associated with a decline in aging skeletal muscle health. Inflammation also seems to interfere with the beneficial skeletal muscle adaptations conferred by exercise training in older individuals. We hypothesize that the cyclooxygenase pathway is partially responsible for this negative inflammatory influence on aging skeletal muscle health and plasticity.
-
Daily Stress and Microvascular Dysfunction: The Buffering Effect of Physical Activity Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Jody L. Greaney, Ashley M. Darling, Erika F.H. Saunders, David M. Almeida
Although often short-lived, emotional responsiveness to daily stressors (i.e., routine and sometimes unexpected everyday hassles) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD), morbidity, and mortality. Here, we present the novel hypothesis that a disruption of microvascular homeostasis is a key antecedent. In addition, we postulate that physical activity may mitigate the psychobiological
-
Neuromechanics of the Rate of Force Development Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Alessandro Del Vecchio
The rate at which an individual can develop force during rapid voluntary contractions can be influenced by both the neural drive to a muscle and its intrinsic musculotendinous properties. We hypothesize that the maximal rate of force development across human individuals is mainly attributable to the rate of motor unit recruitment.
-
Genetic Pathways Underlying Individual Differences in Regular Physical Activity Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Eco J.C. de Geus
Twin and family studies show a strong contribution of genetic factors to physical activity (PA) assessed by either self-report or accelerometers. PA heritability is around 43% across the lifespan. Genome-wide association studies have implied biological pathways related to exercise ability and enjoyment. A polygenic score based on genetic variants influencing PA could help improve the success of intervention
-
Ketogenic Diets and Mitochondrial Function: Benefits for Aging But Not for Athletes Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Suraj J. Pathak, Keith Baar
As humans age, we lose skeletal muscle mass, even in the absence of disease (sarcopenia), increasing the risk of death. Low mitochondrial mass and activity contributes to sarcopenia. It is our hypothesis that a ketogenic diet improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial mass and function when they have declined because of aging or disease, but not in athletes where mitochondrial quality is high.
-
Rethinking the Statistical Analysis of Neuromechanical Data Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Ross D. Wilkinson, Melissa R. Mazzo, Daniel F. Feeney
Researchers in neuromechanics should upgrade their statistical toolbox. We propose linear mixed-effects models in place of commonly used statistical tests to better capture subject-specific baselines and treatment-associated effects that naturally occur in neuromechanics. Researchers can use this approach to handle sporadic missing data, avoid the assumption of conditional independence in observations
-
Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Xu Zhang, Davis A. Englund, Zaira Aversa, Sarah K. Jachim, Thomas A. White, Nathan K. LeBrasseur
We propose the beneficial effects of exercise are in part mediated through the prevention and elimination of senescent cells. Exercise counters multiple forms of age-related molecular damage that initiate the senescence program and activates immune cells responsible for senescent cell clearance. Preclinical and clinical evidence for exercise as a senescence-targeting therapy and areas needing further
-
Metabolic Resistance With Inactivity Relates to Low Exercise Energy Expenditure. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Stephen F Burns
-
Forebrain Network Associated With Cardiovascular Control in Exercising Humans Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-10-01 J. Kevin Shoemaker
This article describes the forebrain neurocircuitry associated with rapid heart rate response at the exercise onset with attention to ascending somatosensory information from the Type I and II afferents from the contracting muscle and potential influence of sensory information related to blood pressure and changes in heart rate.
-
Translational Significance of the LINE-1 Jumping Gene in Skeletal Muscle Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Matthew A. Romero, Petey W. Mumford, Paul A. Roberson, Shelby C. Osburn, Kaelin C. Young, John M. Sedivy, Michael D. Roberts
Retrotransposons are gene segments that proliferate in the genome, and the Long INterspersed Element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposon is active in humans. Although older mammals show enhanced skeletal muscle L1 expression, exercise generally reverses this trend. We hypothesize skeletal muscle L1 expression influences muscle physiology, and additional innovative investigations are needed to confirm
-
Cardiovascular Adjustments After Acute Heat Exposure Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Steven A. Romero, Rauchelle E. Richey, Holden W. Hemingway
In this review, we highlight recent studies from our group and others that have characterized the cardiovascular adjustments that occur after acute heat exposure. Special emphasis will be placed on underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Finally, we postulate that these acute cardiovascular adjustments may predict the long-term adaptive response to chronic heat therapy.
-
The Nervous System as a Pathway for Exercise to Improve Social Cognition Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Sebastian Ludyga, Toru Ishihara, Keita Kamijo
Specific nervous system functions and the regulating roles of oxytocin have evolved because of the necessity to negotiate increasingly complex social systems. We hypothesize that acute and long-term physical activity and exercise have the potential to benefit social cognitive abilities, such as emotion recognition and regulation, by operating on these functions.
-
Impact of Mechanical Circulatory Support on Exercise Capacity in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-9-13 Janice Huang, Barry J McDonnell, Justin S Lawley, Jessica Byrd, Eric J Stöhr, William K Cornwell
Approximately 6 million individuals have heart failure in the United States alone and 15 million in Europe. Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) improve survival in these patients, but functional capacity may not fully improve. This article examines the hypothesis that patients supported by LVAD experience persistent reductions in functional capacity and explores mechanisms accounting for abnormalities
-
Translational Potential of High-Resistance Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Daniel H. Craighead, Kaitlin A. Freeberg, Grace S. Maurer, Valerie H. Myers, Douglas R. Seals
Age-associated cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction increases the risk for CV diseases. Aerobic exercise training can improve CV function, but only a minority of adults meet aerobic exercise guidelines. High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training is a time-efficient lifestyle intervention that may promote adherence and improve CV function. However, further investigation is needed to translate inspiratory
-
Inactivity Causes Resistance to Improvements in Metabolism After Exercise - Corrigendum. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-07-01
-
Exercise Prescription for Osteoporosis: Back to Basics - Corrigendum. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-07-01
-
Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling Differ Between Young and Aged Hearts Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-05-05 Emily E. Schmitt, Benjamin D. McNair, Sydney M. Polson, Ross F. Cook, Danielle R. Bruns
Aging induces physiological and molecular changes in the heart that increase risk for heart disease. Several of these changes are targetable by exercise. We hypothesize that the mechanisms by which exercise improves cardiac function in the aged heart differ from those in the young exercised heart.
-
Targeting Physical Inactivity Using Behavioral Theory in Chronic, Disabling Diseases Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-05-05 Dori Pekmezi, Robert Motl
Physical inactivity and comorbidities (e.g., hypertension) result in poor prognoses among persons with chronic, disabling conditions including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke. Theory can guide the design of behavior change interventions that can be delivered remotely for broad scale implementation. We hypothesize that theory-based behavior change interventions can increase physical
-
Heat Therapy Can Improve Hepatic Mitochondrial Function and Glucose Control Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-07 Chelsea N. Johnson, Reilly S. Jensen, Alex T. Von Schulze, Paige C. Geiger
This review proposes the novel hypothesis that heat can be used as an alternative therapy to exercise to improve hepatic mitochondrial function and glucose regulation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although exercise has proven benefits in treating NAFLD, barriers to exercise in the majority of patients necessitate an alternative method of treatment.
-
Exercise Prescription for Osteoporosis: Back to Basics Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Belinda R. Beck
This Perspectives provides a back-to-basics rationale for the ideal exercise prescription for osteoporosis. The relevance of fundamental principles of mechanical loading and bone adaptation determined from early animal studies is revisited. The application to human trials is presented, including recent advances. A model of broadscale implementation is described, and areas for further investigation
-
Exercise as a Moderator of Persistent Neuroendocrine Symptoms of COVID-19 Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Candida J. Rebello, Christopher L. Axelrod, Charles F. III Reynolds, Frank L. Greenway, John P. Kirwan
Precipitated by chronic psychological stress, immune system dysregulation, and a hyperinflammatory state, the sequelae of postacute COVID-19 (long COVID) include depression and new-onset diabetes. We hypothesize that exercise counters the neuropsychiatric and endocrine sequelae of long COVID by inducing the release of circulating factors that mediate the anti-inflammatory response, support brain homeostasis
-
Sarcopenia Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Protective Effects of Exercise Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Rafael Deminice, Vitor H.F. Oliveira, Allison R. Webel, Kristine M. Erlandson
We discuss recent evidence supporting the hypothesis that sarcopenia is an emerging health concern among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of increasing life expectancy and HIV- and treatment-related comorbidities. We also hypothesize that combined exercise at higher intensity has a key role in managing sarcopenia in this population because it directly (increases muscle strength
-
Inactivity Causes Resistance to Improvements in Metabolism After Exercise Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Edward F. Coyle, Heath M. Burton, Remzi Satiroglu
Prolonged sitting prevents a 1-h bout of running from improving fat oxidation and reducing plasma triglycerides. This “exercise resistance” can be prevented by taking 8500 steps·d−1 or by interrupting 8 h of sitting with hourly cycle sprints. We hypothesize that there is an interplay between background physical activity (e.g., steps·d−1) and the exercise stimuli in regulating some acute and chronic
-
Physical Exercise and Liver Autophagy: Potential Roles of IL-6 and Irisin Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Ana P. Pinto, Eduardo R. Ropelle, Joe Quadrilatero, Adelino S. R. da Silva
Autophagic dysregulation contributes to liver diseases. Although some investigations have examined the effects of endurance and resistance exercise on autophagy activation, potential myokines responsible for skeletal muscle–liver crosstalk are still unknown. Based on experimental studies and bioinformatics, we hypothesized that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and irisin might be key players in the contraction-induced
-
Intrinsic Neuromuscular Fatigability in Humans: The Critical Role of Stimulus Frequency Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Alexandra F. Yacyshyn, Chris J. McNeil
Electrically evoked contractions provide insight into intrinsic neuromuscular fatigability and also represent a valuable technique to maintain muscle mass in a clinical setting. To appropriately investigate intrinsic fatigability and design optimal stimulation protocols, it would seem to be crucial to stimulate the muscle at a frequency equivalent to the mean motor unit discharge rate expected at the
-
V˙O2 On-Kinetics-Critical Power Relationship: Correlation But Not Direct Causal Link. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Bernard Korzeniewski
-
Brain Reorganization and Neural Plasticity in Elite Athletes With Physical Impairments Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-02-16 Kimitaka Nakazawa
Use-dependent and impairment-specific brain plasticity are hypothesized to interact and enhance neural reorganization in the central nervous system (CNS) of athletes with physical impairments. Paralympic brain studies are helpful in achieving a fundamental understanding of the underlying neural mechanism related to CNS reorganization after physical therapy or athletic training. Information learned
-
Mitochondrial and Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise-Induced Fluid Shear Stress in Endothelial Cells Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-02-16 Soon-Gook Hong, Junchul Shin, Maitha Aldokhayyil, Michael David Brown, Joon-Young Park
Recent studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the central role of mitochondria on endothelial function. Here, we propose a hypothesis that unidirectional laminar (pulsatile) flow and disturbed laminar (oscillatory) flow may differentially modulate mitochondrial phenotypes in the context of their bioenergetic, signaling, and biosynthetic functions, providing novel insights into subcellular
-
Scaling-up Adolescent High-Intensity Interval Training Programs for Population Health Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-02-16 David R. Lubans, Narelle Eather, Jordan J. Smith, Michael W. Beets, Nigel K. Harris
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a polarizing form of exercise. In this paper, we argue that adolescent HIIT programs can have population health impact if they are: (i) integrated into existing opportunities, (ii) designed to develop physical literacy, (iii) delivered in an engaging manner, and (iv) guided and supported by an implementation framework that addresses relevant barriers
-
The HO-1/CO System and Mitochondrial Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Heath G. Gasier, Hagir B. Suliman, Claude A. Piantadosi
Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)–1 catalyzes the breakdown of heme to biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). CO binds to cytochrome c oxidase and alters mitochondrial redox balance and coordinately regulates mitochondrial quality control (MQC) during oxidant stress and inflammation. The hypothesis presented is that the skeletal muscle HO-1/CO system helps modulate components in the MQC cycle during
-
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Workload, and the Blood Pressure Response to Exercise Testing Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Martin G. Schultz, Andre La Gerche, James E. Sharman
We propose that for correct clinical interpretation of exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP), both cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise workload must be considered. A key recommendation toward achieving the correct clinical interpretation of EEBP is that exercise BP should be measured during submaximal exercise with a fixed external workload.
-
Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Barbora Piknova, Alan N. Schechter, Ji Won Park, Anni Vanhatalo, Andrew M. Jones
Nonenzymatic nitric oxide (NO) generation via the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions, along with remarkably high levels of nitrate ions in skeletal muscle, have been described recently. Skeletal muscle nitrate storage may be critical for maintenance of NO homeostasis in healthy aging, and nitrate supplementation may be useful for the treatment of specific pathophysiologies and for enhancing normal
-
Exercise Snacks: A Novel Strategy to Improve Cardiometabolic Health Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Hashim Islam, Martin J. Gibala, Jonathan P. Little
We define exercise snacks as isolated ≤1-min bouts of vigorous exercise performed periodically throughout the day. We hypothesize that exercise snacks are a feasible, well-tolerated, and time-efficient approach to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce the negative impact of sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic health. Efficacy has been demonstrated in small proof-of-concept studies. Additional
-
The Legacy of Pregnancy: Elite Athletes and Women in Arduous Occupations Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Thea Jackson, Emma L. Bostock, Amal Hassan, Julie P. Greeves, Craig Sale, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale
Best-practice guidance and management of pregnant and postpartum elite athletes and women in arduous occupations is limited by the lack of high-quality evidence available within these populations. We have summarized the adaptations and implications of pregnancy and childbirth, proposed a novel integrative concept to address these changes, and made recommendations to progress research in this area.
-
Exercising the Sleepy-ing Brain: Exercise, Sleep, and Sleep Loss on Memory Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Marc Roig, Jacopo Cristini, Zohra Parwanta, Beatrice Ayotte, Lynden Rodrigues, Bernat de Las Heras, Jean-François Nepveu, Reto Huber, Julie Carrier, Simon Steib, Shawn D. Youngstedt, David L. Wright
We examine the novel hypothesis that physical exercise and sleep have synergistic effects on memory. Exercise can trigger mechanisms that can create an optimal brain state during sleep to facilitate memory processing. The possibility that exercise could counteract the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on memory by protecting neuroplasticity also is discussed.
-
Conditioning the Brain: From Exercise to Hypoxia. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Johannes Burtscher,Robert T Mallet,Martin Burtscher,Grégoire P Millet
-
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews: 2020 Paper of the Year Commentary. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Stella L Volpe
-
Bioenergetic Mechanisms Linking V˙O2 Kinetics and Exercise Tolerance. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. (IF 5.7) Pub Date : 2021-9-22 Richie P Goulding, Harry B Rossiter, Simon Marwood, Carrie Ferguson
We hypothesize that the V˙O2 time constant (τV˙O2) determines exercise tolerance by defining the power output associated with a "critical threshold" of intramuscular metabolite accumulation (e.g., inorganic phosphate), above which muscle fatigue and work inefficiency are apparent. Thereafter, the V˙O2 "slow component" and its consequences (increased pulmonary, circulatory, and neuromuscular demands)