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Non-acute exposure of neonicotinoids, health risk assessment, and evidence integration: a systematic review Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Imen Benchikh, Kaddour Ziani, Antonio Gonzalez Mateos, Boumediène Méghit Khaled
Neonicotinoid pesticides are utilized against an extensive range of insects. A growing body of evidence supports that these neuro-active insecticides are classified as toxicants in invertebrates. H...
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Consideration of the variability in control tumor incidence data at the Ramazzini Institute in evaluating treatment-related effects following chemical exposure Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Robinan Gentry, Tracy Greene, Holly Bartow, Cynthia Van Landingham, Joseph Rodricks, Harvey Clewell
The Ramazzini Institute (RI) has been conducting animal carcinogenicity studies for decades, many of which have been considered by authoritative bodies to determine potential carcinogenicity in hum...
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Procedural application of mode-of-action and human relevance analysis: styrene-induced lung tumors in mice Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Evan A. Frank, M.E. (Bette) Meek
Risk assessment of human health hazards has traditionally relied on experiments that use animal models. Although exposure studies in rats and mice are a major basis for determining risk in many cas...
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Diagnosis, toxicological mechanism, and detoxification for hepatotoxicity induced by pyrrolizidine alkaloids from herbal medicines or other plants Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Zhenlin Huang, Zeqi Wu, Xinnan Gu, Lili Ji
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are one type of phytotoxins distributed in various plants, including many medicinal herbs. Many organs might suffer injuries from the intake of PAs, and the liver is t...
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The skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway: exploring the role of mechanistic understanding for higher tier risk assessment Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Maja Aleksic, Ramya Rajagopal, Renato de-Ávila, Sandrine Spriggs, Nicola Gilmour
For over a decade, the skin sensitization Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) has served as a useful framework for development of novel in chemico and in vitro assays for use in skin sensitization hazard...
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Complex roles for sulfation in the toxicities of polychlorinated biphenyls Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Michael W. Duffel, Hans-Joachim Lehmler
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic toxicants derived from legacy pollution sources and their formation as inadvertent byproducts of some current manufacturing processes. Metabo...
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Thank you to authors and reviewers of papers in Critical Reviews in Toxicology (CRT) volume 53, 2023 Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Roger O. McClellan
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology (Vol. 54, No. 1, 2024)
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Systematic review of epidemiological and toxicological evidence on health effects of fluoride in drinking water Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Mohamed Kadry Taher, Franco Momoli, Jennifer Go, Shintaro Hagiwara, Siva Ramoju, Xuefeng Hu, Natalie Jensen, Rowan Terrell, Alex Hemmerich, Daniel Krewski
Fluoride is a naturally occurring substance that is also added to drinking water, dental hygiene products, and food supplements for preventing dental caries. Concerns have been raised about several...
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Fungicides as a risk factor for the development of neurological diseases and disorders in humans: a systematic review Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Renata Sano Lini, Deborah Thais Palma Scanferla, Nadya Garcia de Oliveira, Raul Gomes Aguera, Thais da Silva Santos, Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira, Alice Maria de Souza Kaneshima, Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini
Although studies show that pesticides, especially insecticides, may be toxic to humans, publications on the neurological effects of fungicides are scarce. As fungicides are used widely in Brazil, i...
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Grouping approaches based on structure alone are insufficient to conclude about toxicological properties—the example of monoamine-based chelates Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Josje H.E. Arts, Sina Bader, Steffen Bade
Aminocarboxylic acid (monoamine-based) chelating agents such as GLDA, MGDA, NTA, and EDG are widely used in a variety of products and processes. In the European Union, based on the Green Deal and t...
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An updated evaluation of reported no-observed adverse effect levels for chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite asbestos for lung cancer and mesothelioma Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Evan M. Beckett, Anders Abelmann, Benjamin Roberts, Ryan C. Lewis, Drew Cheatham, Eric W. Miller, Ethan Hall, Jennifer S. Pierce
This analysis updates two previous analyses that evaluated the exposure-response relationships for lung cancer and mesothelioma in chrysotile-exposed cohorts. We reviewed recently published studies...
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Hepatotoxicity due to dietary supplements: state-of-the-art, gaps and perspectives Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Fernando Rivero-Pino, Alfredo G. Casanova
Food supplements are products intended to complement the normal diet and consist of concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect. Although they a...
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From cultivation to cancer: formation of N-nitrosamines and other carcinogens in smokeless tobacco and their mutagenic implications Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Stephen B. Stanfill, Stephen S. Hecht, Andreas C. Joerger, Pablo J. González, Luisa B. Maia, Maria G. Rivas, José J. G. Moura, Alpana K. Gupta, Nick E. Le Brun, Jason C. Crack, Pierre Hainaut, Courtney Sparacino-Watkins, Robert E. Tyx, Suresh D. Pillai, Ghazi S. Zaatari, S. Jane Henley, Benjamin C. Blount, Clifford H. Watson, Bernd Kaina, Ravi Mehrotra
Tobacco use is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. Tobacco products, including smokeless tobacco (ST), generally contain tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), such as ...
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Toxicity of chemical-based hand sanitizers on children and the development of natural alternatives: a computational approach Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Toshika Mishra, Suneetha Vuppu
The unintended exposure of children to hand sanitizers poses a high risk of potentially fatal complications. Skin irritation, dryness, cracking, peeling, hypoglycemia, apnea, and acidosis are examp...
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Evidence and hypotheses on adverse effects of the food additives carrageenan (E 407)/processed Eucheuma seaweed (E 407a) and carboxymethylcellulose (E 466) on the intestines: a scoping review Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Mirlinda Tahiri, Celine Johnsrud, Inger-Lise Steffensen
This scoping review provides an overview of publications reporting adverse effects on the intestines of the food additives carrageenan (CGN) (E 407)/processed Eucheuma seaweed (PES) (E 407a) and ca...
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A review of pulmonary neutrophilia and insights into the key role of neutrophils in particle-induced pathogenesis in the lung from animal studies of lunar dusts and other poorly soluble dust particles Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Chiu-wing Lam, Vincent Castranova, Kevin Driscoll, David Warheit, Valerie Ryder, Ye Zhang, Patti Zeidler-Erdely, Robert Hunter, Robert Scully, William Wallace, John James, Brian Crucian, Mayra Nelman, Richard McCluskey, Donald Gardner, Roger Renne, Roger McClellan
The mechanisms of particle-induced pathogenesis in the lung remain poorly understood. Neutrophilic inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung are hallmarks of toxicity. Some investigators have p...
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Immunotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials and their role in asthma Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Wells Utembe, Charlene Andraos, Mary Gulumian
The toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in vivo and in vitro has formed the basis of most studies. However, the toxicity of ENMs, particularly on the immune system, i.e. immunotoxicity, and...
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Subject: call for papers–critical reviews in toxicology Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Roger O. McClellan
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology (Vol. 53, No. 8, 2023)
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Incapacitating agents review: 20 years after Nord Ost Siege Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Tomás A. E. Gabrielli
Incapacitating agents are chemical weapons that produce a temporary disabling condition that persists for hours or days after exposure. Their main site of action is the central nervous system and i...
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Malathion or diazinon exposure and male reproductive toxicity: a systematic review of studies performed with rodents Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Daniel Delorenzi Schons, Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
Malathion and diazinon are pesticides commonly used in agriculture to avoid insects that damage crops; however, they may cause impairment to the male genital system of exposed humans. The present w...
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The environment and male reproductive system: the potential role and underlying mechanisms of cadmium in testis cancer Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Cristina de Angelis, Giacomo Galdiero, Davide Menafra, Francesco Garifalos, Nunzia Verde, Mariangela Piscopo, Mariarosaria Negri, Renata Simona Auriemma, Chiara Simeoli, Claudia Pivonello, Annamaria Colao, Rosario Pivonello
Cadmium is a known human carcinogen, and has been shown to profoundly affect male reproductive function, at multiple levels, by exerting both endocrine and non-endocrine actions. Nevertheless, the ...
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Letter to the editor about the article “Weight of evidence evaluation for chemical-induced immunotoxicity for PFOA and PFOS: findings from an independent panel of experts” by Garvey et al. (2023) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Gloria B. Post
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology (Vol. 53, No. 7, 2023)
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Response to the letter to the editor regarding the article “Weight of evidence evaluation for chemical-induced immunotoxicity for PFOA and PFOS: findings from an independent panel of experts” by Garvey et al. (2023) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Gregory J. Garvey, Janet K. Anderson, Philip P. Goodrum, Kirby H. Tyndall, L. Anthony Cox, Mahin Khatami, Jorge Morales-Montor, Rita S. Schoeny, Jennifer G. Seed, Rajeev K. Tyagi, Christopher R. Kirman, Sean M. Hays
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology (Vol. 53, No. 7, 2023)
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Towards a science-based testing strategy to identify maternal thyroid hormone imbalance and neurodevelopmental effects in the progeny – Part IV: the ECETOC and CLE Proposal for a Thyroid Function-Related Neurodevelopmental Toxicity Testing and Assessment Scheme (Thyroid-NDT-TAS) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Stephanie Melching-Kollmuss, Kathrin Bothe, Alex Charlton, Babunilayam Gangadharan, Rashin Ghaffari, Sylvia Jacobi, Sue Marty, Heike-Antje Marxfeld, Elizabeth F. McInnes, Ursula G. Sauer, Larry P. Sheets, Christian Strupp, Helen Tinwell, Christiane Wiemann, Philip A. Botham, Bennard van Ravenzwaay
Abstract Following the European Commission Endocrine Disruptor Criteria, substances shall be considered as having endocrine disrupting properties if they (a) elicit adverse effects, (b) have endocrine activity, and (c) the two are linked by an endocrine mode-of-action (MoA) unless the MoA is not relevant for humans. A comprehensive, structured approach to assess whether substances meet the Endocrine
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Detection of anti-androgenic activity of chemicals in fish studies: a data review Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Grace H. Panter, Rebecca J. Brown, Alan Jones, Oliver Körner, Laurent Lagadic, Lennart Weltje
Abstract A systematic review was conducted on the sensitivity of fish testing guidelines to detect the anti-androgenic activity of substances. Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS) was used to investigate the conservation of the androgen receptor (AR) between humans and fish, and among fish species recommended in test guidelines. The AR is conserved between fish species
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Investigations on learning and memory function in extended one-generation reproductive toxicity studies – when considered needed and based on what? Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Josje H. E. Arts, Frank Faulhammer, Steffen Schneider, Joanne G. W. Salverda
Abstract To justify investigations on learning and memory (L&M) function in extended one-generation reproductive toxicity studies (EOGRTS; Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline (TG) 443) for registration under Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemical (REACH), the European Chemicals Agency has referred to three publications based on
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Correction Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-27
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology (Vol. 54, No. 1, 2024)
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Improving interventional causal predictions in regulatory risk assessment Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Louis Anthony Cox Jr
Abstract In 2022, the US EPA published an important risk assessment concluding that “Compared to the current annual standard, meeting a revised annual standard with a lower level is estimated to reduce PM2.5-associated health risks in the 30 annually-controlled study areas by about 7–9% for a level of 11.0 µg/m3… and 30–37% for a level of 8.0 µg/m3.” These are interventional causal predictions: they
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Hazards of current concentration-setting practices in environmental toxicology studies Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Jeffrey C. Wolf, Helmut E. Segner
Abstract The setting of concentrations for testing substances in ecotoxicological studies is often based on fractions of the concentrations that cause 50% mortality (LC50 or LD50) rather than environmentally relevant levels. This practice can result in exposures to animals at test concentrations that are magnitudes of order greater than those experienced in the environment. Often, such unrealistically
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Low level exposure to hydrogen sulfide: a review of emissions, community exposure, health effects, and exposure guidelines Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-11 Stuart Batterman, Amelia Grant-Alfieri, Sung-Hee Seo
Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas that is well-known for its acute health risks in occupational settings, but less is known about effects of chronic and low-level exposures. This critical review investigates toxicological and experimental studies, exposure sources, standards, and epidemiological studies pertaining to chronic exposure to H2S from both natural and anthropogenic sources.
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Effects of pyrethroids on the cerebellum and related mechanisms: a narrative review Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 Fei Hao, Ye Bu, Shasha Huang, Wanqi Li, Huiwen Feng, Yuan Wang
Abstract Pyrethroids (PYRs) are a group of synthetic organic chemicals that mimic natural pyrethrins. Due to their low toxicity and persistence in mammals, they are widely used today. PYRs exhibit higher lipophilicity than other insecticides, which allows them to easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and directly induce toxic effects on the central nervous system. Several studies have shown that
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Is the 90-day dog study necessary for pesticide toxicity testing? Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Patricia L. Bishop, Vicki L. Dellarco, Douglas C. Wolf
Abstract When registering a new pesticide, 90-day oral toxicity studies performed with both rodent and non-rodent species, typically rats and dogs, are part of a standard battery of animal tests required in most countries for human health risk assessment (RA). This analysis set out to determine the need for the 90-day dog study in RA by reviewing data from 195 pesticides evaluated by the US Environmental
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Exploring research gaps and trends in the management of acute phosphide poisoning: a systematic review Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Zahraa Khalifa Sobh, Marwa Kholief, Eman Khalifa Sobh, Manal Ibrahim Fathy Balah
Abstract Metal phosphides are highly toxic pesticides that result in high morbidities and mortalities worldwide. This systematic review included 350 studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. There were significant rising trends of studies on acute aluminum phosphide (AlP) and zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) poisoning (p-values = <.001), pointing to an increased number of phosphide-intoxicated patients
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Approaches for the setting of occupational exposure limits (OELs) for carcinogens Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Johan Högberg, Jill Järnberg
Abstract This article addresses issues of importance for occupational exposure limits (OELs) and chemical carcinogens with a focus on non-threshold carcinogens. It comprises scientific as well as regulatory issues. It is an overview, not a comprehensive review. A central topic is mechanistic research and insights, and its implications for cancer risk assessment. Alongside scientific advancements, the
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What can we learn from epidemiological studies on chronic boron exposure? Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Yalçın Duydu, Nurşen Başaran, Hermann M. Bolt
Abstract Boric acid and sodium borates are classified as toxic to reproduction and development under category 1B, with the hazard statement of H360FD (May damage fertility. May damage the unborn child) in the EU-CLP regulation. This classification triggered environmental and occupational epidemiology studies on boron in China, Türkiye, and Argentina. The highest mean total daily boron exposure (DBE)
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Acrylonitrile’s genotoxicity profile: mutagenicity in search of an underlying molecular mechanism Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Richard J. Albertini, Christopher R. Kirman, Dale E. Strother
Abstract Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a known rodent and possible human carcinogen. There have also been concerns as to it causing adverse reproductive health effects. Numerous genotoxicity studies at the somatic level in a variety of test systems have demonstrated ACN’s mutagenicity; its potential to induce mutations in germ cells has also been evaluated. ACN is metabolized to reactive intermediates capable
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Prevention and Detoxification of Mycotoxins in Human Food and Animal Feed using Bio-resources from South Mediterranean Countries: a Critical Review Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Amina Aloui, Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès, Abdellah Zinedine, Amar Riba, Noel Durand, Jean Christophe Meile, Didier Montet, Catherine Brabet, Samir Abbès
Abstract Mycotoxins, which are natural toxic compounds produced by filamentous fungi, are considered major contaminants in the food and feed chain due to their stability during processing. Their impacts in food and feedstuff pollution were accentuated due the climate change in the region. They are characterized by their toxicological effects on human and animal health but also by their harmful economic
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Hypothesis-driven weight of evidence evaluation indicates styrene lacks endocrine disruption potential Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 Christopher J. Borgert
Abstract Styrene is among the U.S. EPA’s List 2 chemicals for Tier 1 endocrine screening subject to the agency’s two-tiered Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). Both U.S. EPA and OECD guidelines require a Weight of Evidence (WoE) to evaluate a chemical’s potential for disrupting the endocrine system. Styrene was evaluated for its potential to disrupt estrogen, androgen, thyroid, and steroidogenic
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Weight of evidence evaluation for chemical-induced immunotoxicity for PFOA and PFOS: findings from an independent panel of experts Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-04-28 Gregory J. Garvey, Janet K. Anderson, Philip E. Goodrum, Kirby H. Tyndall, L. Anthony Cox, Mahin Khatami, Jorge Morales-Montor, Rita S. Schoeny, Jennifer G. Seed, Rajeev K. Tyagi, Christopher R. Kirman, Sean M. Hays
Abstract Immunotoxicity is the critical endpoint used by the some regulatory agencyes to establish toxicity values for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). However, the hypothesis that exposure to certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) causes immune dysregulation is subject to much debate. An independent, international expert panel was engaged utilizing methods
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25X-NBOMe compounds – chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. A comprehensive review Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-04-28 Monika Herian, Paweł Świt
Abstract Recently, a growing number of reports have indicated a positive effect of hallucinogenic-based therapies in different neuropsychiatric disorders. However, hallucinogens belonging to the group of new psychoactive substances (NPS) may produce high toxicity. NPS, due to their multi-receptors affinity, are extremely dangerous for the human body and mental health. An example of hallucinogens that
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Molecular insights into the role of electronic cigarettes in oral carcinogenesis Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-04-13 Meenu Maan, Moosa Abuzayeda, Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos, Mohamed Jamal, Mainak Dutta, Keyvan Moharamzadeh
Abstract Electronic cigarette (EC) usage or vaping has seen a significant rise in recent years across various parts of the world. They have been publicized as a safe alternative to smoking; however, this is not supported strongly by robust research evidence. Toxicological analysis of EC liquid and aerosol has revealed presence of several toxicants with known carcinogenicity. Oral cavity is the primary
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Regulatory roles of extracellular vesicles in adverse pregnancy outcomes exposed with environmental toxicants Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Xiaoqing Wang, Shukun Wan, Chenyang Mi, Wenxin Huang, Rong Wang, Huidong Zhang
Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from parental cells could communicate with neighboring or distant recipient cells. The components in EVs, especially non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, could regulate the functions of the recipient cells. Meanwhile, EVs could also be used as valuable biomarkers and drug delivery carriers. Moreover, environmental
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Thank you to Reviewers for Critical Reviews in Toxicology Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Roger O. McClellan
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology (Vol. 52, No. 10, 2022)
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Fiber biodurability and biopersistence: historical toxicological perspective of synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), the long fiber paradigm, and implications for advanced materials Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-03-07 Amy K. Madl, Heidi C. O’Neill
Abstract Extensive toxicology studies of synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) demonstrated that fiber dimension, durability/dissolution, and biopersistence are critical factors for risk of fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. Lessons learned from the SVF experience provide useful context for predicting hazards and risk of nano-enabled advanced materials. This review provides (1) a historical toxicological
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Human biomonitoring of low-level benzene exposures Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-03-07 Peter J. Boogaard
Abstract Historically, benzene has been widely used in a large variety of applications. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) were set for benzene as it was found to be acutely toxic, causing central nervous system depression at high exposures. OELs were lowered when it was discovered that chronic exposure to benzene could cause haematotoxicity. After confirmation that benzene is a human carcinogen causing
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Review of evidence relating to occupational exposure limits for alpha-diketones and acetoin, and considerations for deriving an occupational exposure limit for 2,3-pentanedione Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Jeffrey W. Card, Kevin M. Scaife, Lois A. Haighton
Abstract Alpha-diketones, notably diacetyl, have been used as flavoring agents. When airborne in occupational settings, exposures to diacetyl have been associated with serious respiratory disease. Other α-diketones, such as 2,3-pentanedione, and analogues such as acetoin (a reduced form of diacetyl), require evaluation, particularly, in light of recently available toxicological studies. The current
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Hydrogen sulfide poisoning in forensic pathology and toxicology: mechanism and metabolites quantification analysis Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Jiaxin Zhang, Longda Ma, Yu Liu, Xin Tong, Yiwu Zhou
Abstract Historically, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poisoning has extremely high and irreparable mortality. Currently, the identification of H2S poisoning needs to combine with the case scene analysis in forensic medicine. The anatomy of the deceased seldom had obvious features. There are also a few reports about H2S poisoning in detail. As a result, we give a comprehensive analysis of the related knowledge
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Nephrotoxicity induced by natural compounds from herbal medicines – a challenge for clinical application Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Jinqiu Rao, Ting Peng, Na Li, Yuan Wang, Caiqin Yan, Kai Wang, Feng Qiu
Abstract Herbal medicines (HMs) have long been considered safe and effective without serious toxic and side effects. With the continuous use of HMs, more and more attention has been paid to adverse reactions and toxic events, especially the nephrotoxicity caused by natural compounds in HMs. The composition of HMs is complex and various, especially the mechanism of toxic components has been a difficult
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The impact of accuracy and precision of analytical test methods on the determination of withdrawal periods Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 J. Barthel, S. Scheid, K. Schmidt, F. Schulz, W. Terhalle
Abstract Treatment of food-producing animals with veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) can result in residues in foodstuffs (e.g. eggs, meat, milk, or honey) representing a potential consumer health risk. To ensure consumer safety, worldwide regulatory concepts for setting safe limits for residues of VMPs e.g. as tolerances (US) or maximum residue limits (MRLs, EU) are used. Based on these limits so-called
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Cadmium exposure and DNA damage (genotoxicity): a systematic review and meta-analysis Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Raju Nagaraju, Ravibabu Kalahasthi, Rakesh Balachandar, Bhavani Shankara Bagepally
Abstract Existing literature suggests an association between chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure and the induction of DNA damage and genotoxicity. However, observations from individual studies are inconsistent and conflicting. Therefore current systematic review aimed to pool evidence from existing literature to synthesize quantitative and qualitative corroboration on the association between markers of genotoxicity
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Regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs and m6A modification in trophoblast functions and the occurrence of its related adverse pregnancy outcomes Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Wang Rong, Wan Shukun, Wang Xiaoqing, Huang Wenxin, Dai Mengyuan, Mi Chenyang, Huidong Zhang
Abstract Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth restriction, and recurrent miscarriage, occur frequently in pregnant women and might further induce morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus. Increasing studies have shown that dysfunctions of human trophoblast are related to these adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recent studies also showed that
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Potential application of probiotics in mycotoxicosis reduction in mammals and poultry Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-09 Alaleh Zoghi, Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov, Kianoush Khosravi-Darani
Abstract Mycotoxins in feedstuffs are considered as a principal worry by food safety authorities worldwide because most of them can be transferred from the feed to food commodities of animal origin, and further consumed by humans. Therefore, effective alternatives for the reduction of the impact of mycotoxins need to be applied in the feed production industry. Applications of beneficial microorganisms
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Mycotoxins occurrence in milk and cereals in North African countries – a review Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Khouloud Ben Hassouna, Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès, Kamel Chaieb, Samir Abbès
Abstract North African countries; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia suffer from mycotoxin contamination. Various studies have indicated the presence of mycotoxins in raw milk and cereals (i.e. wheat, barley, maize and cereal-based products). Aflatoxins (AFs), Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), Ochratoxin A (OTA), Fumonisin (FB1) and Zearalenone (ZEN)-mycotoxin are the most detected due to climatic change
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Biomarkers for occupational manganese exposure Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Nataliya A. Karyakina, Natalia Shilnikova, Nawal Farhat, Siva Ramoju, Brandon Cline, Franco Momoli, Donald Mattison, N. Jensen, R. Terrell, Daniel Krewski
Abstract Long-term inhalation exposure to manganese (Mn) metal or its inorganic compounds can result in manganism or subclinical neurofunctional deficits. Studies have described affected workers in Mn dioxide mining, Mn-containing ore crushing and milling facilities, manufacturing of dry-cell batteries, Mn steel and alloy production plants, and in welders. The objective of this study was to critically
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Tefluthrin: metabolism, food residues, toxicity, and mechanisms of action Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2023-01-10 Xiaohui Wang, Houpeng Li, Simeng Wang, María-Aránzazu Martínez, Irma Ares, Marta Martínez, María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga, Xu Wang, Arturo Anadón, Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
Abstract Tefluthrin is a Type I pyrethroid insecticide widely used all over the world. Residues of tefluthrin in various agricultural and animal-derived products may be related to potential human health risks. Tefluthrin metabolism in mammals involves hydrolysis of the ester bond to form cyclopropane acid and 4-methylbenzyl alcohol moieties, followed by oxidation. In this review manuscript, we provide
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Towards a science-based testing strategy to identify maternal thyroid hormone imbalance and neurodevelopmental effects in the progeny—part III: how is substance-mediated thyroid hormone imbalance in pregnant/lactating rats or their progeny related to neurodevelopmental effects? Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2022-12-15 M. Sue Marty, Ursula G. Sauer, Alex Charlton, Rashin Ghaffari, Davy Guignard, Nina Hallmark, Bethany R. Hannas, Sylvia Jacobi, Heike-Antje Marxfeld, Stephanie Melching-Kollmuss, Larry P. Sheets, Daniel Urbisch, Philip A. Botham, Bennard van Ravenzwaay
Abstract This review investigated which patterns of thyroid- and brain-related effects are seen in rats upon gestational/lactational exposure to 14 substances causing thyroid hormone imbalance by four different modes-of-action (inhibition of thyroid peroxidase, sodium-iodide symporter and deiodinase activities, enhancement of thyroid hormone clearance) or to dietary iodine deficiency. Brain-related
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Effects of BPA substitutes on the prenatal and cardiovascular systems Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2022-12-06 Fatima Abrantes-Soares, Margarida Lorigo, Elisa Cairrao
Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous chemical compound constantly being released into the environment, making it one of the most persistent endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) in nature. This EDC has already been associated with developing various pathologies, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular, renal, and behavioral complications, among others. Therefore, over the years, BPA has been
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A systematic review on fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in mammals Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2022-11-24 Satheeswaran Balasubramanian, Ekambaram Perumal
Abstract Fluoride, one of the global groundwater contaminants, is ubiquitous in our day-to-day life from various natural and anthropogenic sources. Numerous in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies are conducted to understand the effect of fluoride on biological systems. A low concentration of fluoride is reported to increase oral health, whereas chronic exposure to higher concentrations causes
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Magnetic resonance imaging T1 indices of the brain as biomarkers of inhaled manganese exposure Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2022-11-22 N. Jensen, R. Terrell, S. Ramoju, N. Shilnikova, N. Farhat, N. Karyakina, B. H. Cline, F. Momoli, D. Mattison, D. Krewski
Abstract Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) is linked to its accumulation in the brain and adverse neurological effects. Paramagnetic properties of Mn allow the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to identify it in biological tissues. A critical review was conducted to evaluate whether MRI techniques could be used as a diagnostic tool to detect brain Mn accumulation as a quantitative
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A narrative review of converging evidence addressing developmental toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (IF 5.9) Pub Date : 2022-11-08 Benjamin A. Elser, Benjamin Hing, Hanna E. Stevens
Abstract Pyrethroid insecticides are broadly used in agriculture and household products throughout the world. Exposure to this class of insecticides is widespread, and while generally believed to be safe for use, there is increasing concern regarding their effects on neurodevelopment. Due to the critical roles that molecular targets of pyrethroids play in the regulation of neurodevelopment, particular