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The Effectiveness and Safety of Intravitreal Injections of Voriconazole in the Treatment of Fungal Endophthalmitis: A Systematic Review. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Yue Xie,Xin Wang,Zichao Ji,Guangyao Li,Chao Zhang
Background: Fungus endophthalmitis is a rare and serious infection that is treated with systemic and topical antifungal drugs. There is no clear consensus on the treatment of fungal endophthalmitis with intravitreal injections (IVIs) of voriconazole. This systematic review aims to summarize the literature on IVIs of voriconazole for fungal endophthalmitis. Methods: We conducted a systematic review
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A Comparative Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Difluprednate 0.04% BID Ophthalmic Solution and Marketed 0.05% QID Ophthalmic Emulsion. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Ajay J Khopade,Arindam Halder,Vivek Patel,Harsh Shah,Ankit Shah,Vinod Burade,Rishit Zalawadia,Alpesh Patel,Chandan Awati,Murlidhar Zope
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy, and ocular pharmacokinetics of a new 0.04% w/v bis in die means twice a day (BID) ophthalmic solution and marketed 0.05% w/v quater in die means four times a day (QID) ophthalmic emulsion of difluprednate in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits. Methods: The preclinical proof of concept was established in paracentesis-induced acute inflammation
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Interspecialty Opioid Prescribing Patterns in Ophthalmology Following Declaration of a Public Health Emergency. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Hassaam S Choudhry,Aman M Patel,Aretha Zhu,Sri Guttikonda,Anam Shaikh,Hadeel S Sadek,Christopher W Seery,Mohammad H Dastjerdi
Purpose: Previous literature has investigated opioid prescription trends in ophthalmology at large, however, little has been done looking at differences between subspecialties. We evaluate if significant trends exist among subspecialties in opioid prescribing patterns. This study aims to illuminate potential over-usage of opioids in ophthalmology that could compromise patient quality of life. Methods:
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Investigation of Needle Characteristics Using an Animal Model for Improved Outcomes in Anterior Chamber Paracentesis. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Reed Brockstein,Yu-Chang Chen,Curtis Marshall,Lindsay Kwok,Athanacia Papoutsis,Thomas Wei,Deana C McDonagh,Stephen Sanderson,Richard Mental,Leanne T Labriola
Background/Aims: The current standard of care to perform an anterior chamber paracentesis involves the use of a multipurpose market needle and syringe. The use of standard needles for this purpose may result in injury to the patient due to increased force with insertion and increased globe displacement during the procedure. This research investigates the current market needle characteristics and the
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Eyes on the Prize: Decoding the Ophthalmic Product Regulations and Intricacies of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Khemraj Hirani,Mylarrao Bansinath,Rahul Mittal,Joana R N Lemos,Emily Adis,Priyanka Poojari,Jane Margaret Igoe,Marcio R Soares,Sanjoy Bhattacharya,Roy E Weiss
The dynamic and continuously evolving field of ophthalmology necessitates rigorous regulatory oversight in the United States. This review outlines the multifaceted Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process for ophthalmic products, detailing the classifications, pathways, and regulatory compliance for devices, drugs, biologics, and combination products. Particular emphasis is placed on distinct
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AOPT XV Biennial Meeting: Restoring Vision Through Regeneration. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Zhigang He
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ROCK Inhibitors as an Alternative Therapy for Corneal Grafting: A Systematic Review. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Subramanyam Polopalli,Achintya Saha,Pakter Niri,Mohit Kumar,Parikshit Das,Dev Vrat Kamboj,Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Currently, corneal blindness is affecting >10 million individuals worldwide, and there is a significant unmet medical need because only 1.5% of transplantation needs are met globally due to a lack of high-quality grafts. In light of this global health disaster, researchers are developing corneal substitutes that can resemble the human cornea in vivo and replace human donor tissue. Thus, this review
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Recent Insights into the Etiopathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Management. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Arpon Biswas,Abhijit Deb Choudhury,Sristi Agrawal,Amol Chhatrapati Bisen,Sachin Nashik Sanap,Sarvesh Kumar Verma,Mukesh Kumar,Anjali Mishra,Shivansh Kumar,Mridula Chauhan,Rabi Sankar Bhatta
Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular retinal disease associated with chronic diabetes mellitus, characterized by the damage of blood vessels in the eye. It is projected to become the leading cause of blindness, given the increasing burden of the diabetic population worldwide. The diagnosis and management of DR pose significant challenges for physicians because of the involvement of
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Development of Anterior Segment Focused Biologic Therapies to Regenerate Corneal Tissue for the Treatment of Disease: Drug Development Experience. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Cheryl Rowe-Rendleman,David Eveleth,Jeffrey L Goldberg,Ula Jurkunas,Naoki Okumura,Daniel Dawson,Onkar B Sawant
On February 24-27, 2021, the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics (AOPT) held its 15th biennial scientific meeting online. The meeting was organized by Dr. Sanjoy Bhattacharya of the University of Miami in conjunction with the board of trustees of the AOPT. The 3-day conference was attended by academic scientists, clinicians, and industry and regulatory professionals. The theme of the
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MG132, Attenuates the Retinal Vascular Injury Through the Upregulation of Nrf2 Expression. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Peipei Wang,Shipei Fan,Xin Hu,Li Luo,Jia Ying,Jun Li
Purpose: This study clarifies the beneficial effects of MG132, a proteasomal inhibitor, on retinal vascular injury mediated by diabetes-induced oxidative stress through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Methods: Diabetic rats and control animals were randomly assigned to receive MG132 or vehicle for 24 weeks, and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were incubated with normal or
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Efficacy and Safety of the Melanocortin Pan-Agonist PL9643 in a Phase 2 Study of Patients with Dry Eye Disease. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 David Evans,Kenneth Kenyon,George Ousler,Michael Watson,Patrick Vollmer,Eugene B McLaurin,Gail Torkildsen,Jason Winters,John Dodd,Robert Jordan,Stephen T Wills,Carl Spana
Purpose: The melanocortin receptor pan-agonist PL9643, a potential therapy for ocular diseases, was investigated in a phase 2, 12-week study in patients with dry eye disease (DED). Methods: This was a placebo-controlled study evaluating efficacy and safety of thrice-daily PL9643. Placebo (vehicle) was similar to tears. Primary endpoints were intra-patient changes in inferior corneal fluorescein staining
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Review of Risk Factors and Complications of Anterior Migration of Ozurdex Implant: Lessons Learnt from the Previous Reports. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Hui Gim Khor,Pooi Wah Lott,Azida Juana Wan Ab Kadir,Sujaya Singh,Tajunisah Iqbal
Purpose: Ozurdex had shown promising anatomical and functional outcomes in managing refractory Irvine-Gass syndrome over the years. Burgeoning usage of Ozurdex has prompted the study of its related complications, particularly the anterior chamber migration of the implant. Methods: Literature reviews on the anterior chamber migration of the Ozurdex via PubMed, EBSCO, and TRIP databases were searched
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Preformulation-Assisted Design of Ketorolac Tromethamine for Effective Ophthalmic Delivery. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Hamdy Abdelkader,Adel Al Fatease,Zeinab Fathalla
Background: The eye is a highly protected organ from ocularly administered drugs; drug- and formulation-related factors contribute significantly to ocular bioavailability. There has been a growing interest in using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in ophthalmology for treating postoperative pain, inflammation, and seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. A preformulation-assisted design boosts efficacy
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Topical Administration of Bevacizumab to Facilitate the Functional Filtering Bleb After Trabeculectomy in the Rabbit. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Chun Jiang,Xue Yin,Jiayu Chang,Gaoqin Liu,Peirong Lu
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of bevacizumab in 3 different application methods, subconjunctival injection (SCI), hyaluronic acid retardant (HAR), and eye drop (ED), on attenuating scar formation in the filtering bleb. Methods: Trabeculectomy (TRAB) was performed on New Zealand rabbits. TRAB rabbits were intervened with bevacizumab SCI, HAR, ED, or mitomycin C, respectively. Intraocular pressure
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Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Once-a-Day Brimonidine Ophthalmic Nanosuspension. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Ajay J Khopade,Arindam Halder,Vivek Patel,Shivam Upadhyay,Vinod Burade,Bharat Pateliya,Satish Panchal,Sanjay Mandhane,Chandan Awati,Murlidhar Zope
Purpose: This article aims to describe a preclinical proof of concept for a novel once-a-day (OD) brimonidine ophthalmic nanosuspension. Methods: The preclinical proof of concept was established using New Zealand white rabbits as animal models. Dose-finding, multiple-dose efficacy, ocular pharmacokinetic, and hemodynamic studies were performed in normotensive rabbits. Steroid-induced ocular hypertension
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Exploring Signs and Symptoms Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction for Use as Clinical Trial Endpoints. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Layla Ajouz,Ashley Nguyen,Cathy Zhao,Michael R Robinson,Kelly K Nichols
Purpose: Dry eye disease is attributed to impaired tear production and/or evaporative dry eye. Evaporative dry eye is frequently associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The objective of this study was to identify clinical study endpoints related to MGD. Methods: This 22-day, noninterventional, case-control clinical study involved three cohorts with increasing MGD severity: no MGD, mild/moderate
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Pharmacokinetic and Ocular Toxicity Evaluation of Latanoprost Ophthalmic Solution, 0.005%, with Preservative Level Reduced to Below the Limit of Quantitation. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-15 Srini Venkatesh,Mary Richardson
Purpose: The systemic and ocular pharmacokinetics (PK), and ocular toxicity of benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-free TearClear latanoprost ophthalmic solution, 0.005% formulation (TC-002) were evaluated. TC-002 is designed to selectively capture BAK at the time of drug administration; therefore, the dose delivered to the eye contains no quantifiable level of preservative. Methods: The systemic and ocular
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Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Scleral Cross-Linking Using Genipin in the Treatment of Juvenile Guinea Pigs with High Myopia. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-15 Ziqi Guo,Zhiyuan Wei,Yang Tong,Shichao Chen,Xin Zhao,Bing Ma,Lei Guo,Liying Fan
Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of scleral cross-linking (CXL) using Genipin in the treatment of juvenile guinea pigs with high myopia. Methods: Twenty-four 4-week-old tricolor guinea pigs with high myopia of diopter ≤ -6.0 DS in the right eye were randomly divided into two groups: Genipin CXL group and control group (n = 12 for each group). They received separately form-deprivation
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Surgical Procedures in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Michael Møller-Hansen,Tor Paaske Utheim,Steffen Heegaard
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease affecting 5% to 50% in different populations. The most severe cases of DED are often caused by aqueous deficient dry eye disease (ADDE) due to lacrimal gland (LG) hypofunction. Many patients with severe ADDE do not experience adequate symptom relief from topical treatment, severely reducing their quality of life. The focus of this review is to describe
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Pharmacokinetics of Sirolimus Eye Drops Following Topical Ocular Administration in Rabbits. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Junli Lin,Ziqi Lu,Yandong Wang,Jiawei Zhang,Jianmin Guo,Yuankeng Huang,Baoqin Lin,Wei Yang
Purpose: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of sirolimus eye drops following topical instillation in rabbits. Methods: The study included 2 experiments. In single-dose pharmacokinetic study, rabbits received a single bilateral instillation of 0.05% sirolimus eye drops (0.5 mg/mL, 50 μL/eye). In repeat-dose pharmacokinetic study, 0.05% sirolimus eye drops (0.5 mg/mL, 50 μL/eye/time) were instilled into
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Clinical Efficacy of Omidenepag Isopropyl for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma, Normal Tension Glaucoma, or Ocular Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Hou-Ting Kuo,Cyuan-Yi Yeh,Alan Y Hsu,Jennifer Hui-Chun Ho,Chun-Ju Lin,Yi-Yu Tsai
Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of omidenepag isopropyl (OMDI) among glaucoma patients in terms of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) changes through a meta-analysis. Methods: Studies investigating the clinical efficacy of OMDI toward glaucoma patients were systemically searched. Inclusion criteria include recruiting studies that consisted of glaucoma or normal tension glaucoma patients
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Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Drugs for Coats' Disease Treatment: A Systematic Review. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Jie Bai,Zhihui Song,Guangyao Li,Liming Dong,Chao Zhang
Purpose: The efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment for Coats' disease remains controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF treatment for Coats' disease. Methods: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, CNKI, and WanFang databases were systematically searched for clinical efficacy and safety studies
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Intravitreal Brolucizumab and Aflibercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Han Joo Cho,Kyoung Hae Kang,Wontae Yoon,Jihyun Lee,Chul Gu Kim,Jong Woo Kim
Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of intravitreal injections of brolucizumab and aflibercept in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods: In total, 62 treatment-naive PCV eyes (62 patients) treated with intravitreal brolucizumab or aflibercept were analyzed retrospectively. All patients received a monthly loading injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor for 3 months
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In Vivo Electroporation Improves Retinal Delivery of Intravitreally Injected Exosomes. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Jin Sun Hwang,Junho Kim,Ga Eun You,In Hwan Hong,In Hwan Cho,Hyun Beom Song,Young Joo Shin,Dae Joong Ma
Purpose: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are promising therapeutic agents and natural nanoscale delivery platforms for treating degenerative retinal diseases. This study investigated the effect of electroporation on the retinal delivery of intravitreally administered MSC-derived exosomes in a murine model. Methods: Exosomes isolated from adipose tissue-derived MSCs were stained with ExoGlow
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Intraocular Axon Regeneration in a Model of Penetrating Eye Injury. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 Mengming Hu,Matthew B Veldman
Purpose: Penetrating eye injuries commonly cause permanent loss of vision in patients. Unlike mammals, zebrafish can regenerate both damaged tissue and severed axons in the central nervous system. Here, we present a tractable adult zebrafish model to study intraocular axon regeneration after penetrating eye injury. Methods: To create consistent penetrating intraocular injuries, pins of standardized
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The Development of a SIBS Shunt to Treat Glaucoma. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Leonard Pinchuk
Many pharmaceutical and medical device start-up companies share similar goals. Each experience is different and offers important lessons for companies seeking Food and Drug Administration approval. This article offers important advice for budding entrepreneurs as it discusses some career-altering decisions, lessons learned in the start-up world, the technology leading up to innovation, the relevant
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Prostanoid FP and EP2 Receptor Agonists Induce Epithelial and Subepithelial Fibrogenetic Changes in Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts in Different Manners. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Yuri Tsugeno,Tatsuya Sato,Megumi Watanabe,Masato Furuhashi,Hiroshi Ohguro
Purpose: To examine the effects of prostanoid FP and EP2 receptor agonists, PGF2α and Omidenepag (OMD), respectively, on the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β2) induced conjunctival fibrogenesis. Methods: Two-dimension (2D) and three-dimension (3D) cultures of these fibroblasts were subjected to following analyses: (1) planar proliferation evaluated by transendothelial electron resistance (TEER)
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Intraocular Pressure and Eyedrop Usage Reduction with Intracameral Bimatoprost Implant. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 William Xu,Philip Zhou,Neal D Kansara,Benjamin J Frankfort,Lauren S Blieden,Peter T Chang
Purpose: Sustained intraocular drug delivery devices are being developed to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) and improve adherence in patients with glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the IOP and eyedrop usage reduction effects of intracameral bimatoprost implants. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 46 eyes from 38 patients who received an intracameral implant containing
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Novel Photodynamic/Photothermal Treatment of Fungal Keratitis Using Rose Bengal-Loaded Polypyrrole-Gold Nanoparticles in Wistar Albino Rats. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Dina Fouad Ghoniem,Salwa Ahmed Abdelkawi,Maha Fadel,Doaa Abdel Fadeel,Marwa Fouly,Abdullah Ibrahim El-Kholy,Aziza Ahmed Hassan
Purpose: Fungal keratitis is a potential corneal contagious disease mainly caused by yeast such as Candida albicans and filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus niger. The response of fungal keratitis to standard antifungals is limited by the poor bioavailability, the limited ocular penetration of antifungal drugs, and the development of microbial resistance. Photodynamic therapy using rose bengal (RB)
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Functional and Morphological Responses to Fluocinolone Acetonide 0.19 mg in Noninfectious Uveitic Macular Edema Evaluated as the Area-Under-the-Curve. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Lucy Joanne Kessler,Gerd Uwe Auffarth,Ramin Khoramnia
Purpose: This study investigated the impact of baseline clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) factors on the response to a 0.19-mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant in patients with noninfectious uveitic macular edema evaluated by the area under the curve over 24 months. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of eyes of patients with noninfectious uveitic macular edema undergoing
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Simultaneous Effects of a Selective EP2 Agonist, Omidenepag, and a Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase Inhibitor, Ripasudil, on Human Orbital Fibroblasts. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Fumihito Hikage,Megumi Watanabe,Tatsuya Sato,Araya Umetsu,Yuri Tsugeno,Masato Furuhashi,Hiroshi Ohguro
Purpose: To assess the combined effects of omidenepag (OMD), a selective EP2 agonist, and ripasudil (Rip), an inhibitor of rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinases, on the human orbital adipose tissue, two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) cultures of human orbital fibroblasts (HOFs) were employed. Methods: Cellular metabolic functions (2D), physical (3D), lipid staining (3D)
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Effect of Treatment with Topical Azithromycin or Oral Doxycycline on Tear Film Thickness in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Andreas Schlatter,Nikolaus Hommer,Martin Kallab,Hannes Stegmann,Kristina Zeller,Stefan Palkovits,Oliver Findl,René M Werkmeister,Leopold Schmetterer,Gerhard Garhöfer,Doreen Schmidl
Purpose: This prospective, randomized, observer-masked, parallel-group study aimed to compare the effect of topical azithromycin and oral doxycycline on tear film thickness (TFT) and signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease (OSD) in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: Patients were randomized to either receive topical azithromycin or oral doxycycline. After a baseline visit
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Ocular Posterior Segment Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Brimonidine After Intravitreal Administration in Guinea Pigs. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Aiqun Xiang,Hong He,Hanyang Yu,Anzhen Li,Yanting Luo,Junming Yang,Xingwu Zhong
Purpose: Brimonidine is a highly alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, which provides a potential myopia control effect. This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics and concentration of brimonidine in the posterior segment tissue of eyes in guinea pigs. Methods: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was successfully used for brimonidine pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution
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Activation of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Regulates Human Trabecular Meshwork Cell Function. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Xiaochen Wang,Sisi Tan,Shuang Yang,Xianmao Liu,Junqin Lei,Hong Li
Purpose: To investigate the effects of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling on primary human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. Methods: Primary HTM cells were isolated from healthy donors and cultured. Recombinant Shh (rShh) protein and cyclopamine were used to activate and inhibit the Shh signaling pathway, respectively. A cell viability assay was performed to assess the effects of rShh on the activity of
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Ocular Treatments Targeting Separate Prostaglandin Receptors in Mice Exhibit Alterations in Intraocular Pressure and Optic Nerve Lipidome. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Jennifer Arcuri,Abdelrahman Elbaz,Najam A Sharif,Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
Background: Prostaglandin (PG) receptor agonists are the first-line eyedrop medication treatment for glaucoma. The pathophysiology of this disease is not completely known, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the key risk factor. The membranes of the axons (of the retinal ganglion cells) passing through the optic nerve (ON) head experience significant damage. Lipids are an essential component
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Efficacy of Topical 0.05% Cyclosporine A for Ocular Surface Disease Related to Topical Anti-Glaucoma Medications. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Jae-Gon Kim,Jae-Hong An,Soon Young Cho,Chong Eun Lee,Kyu Young Shim,Jong Hwa Jun
Purpose: We aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of 0.05% topical cyclosporine A (CsA) for chronic ocular surface disease (OSD) in patients using benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved antiglaucoma eye drops. Methods: A prospective, randomized, paired-eye, controlled clinical trial was conducted with participants who had been instilling at least one BAK-preserved topical antiglaucoma drug in
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Dietary Alcohol Consumption Elicits Corneal Toxicity Through the Generation of Cellular Oxidative Stress. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-29 Anita K Ghosh,Robertas Čėsna,Donatas Neverauskas,Agnė Žiniauskaitė,Sana Iqbal,Jonathan M Eby,Symantas Ragauskas,Simon Kaja
Purpose: Clinical data suggest that alcohol use is associated with the development of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease. However, preclinical data investigating ocular toxicity after dietary alcohol consumption are lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of alcohol on the ocular surface, in human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T) in vitro and in C57BL/6JRj mice in vivo. Methods: HCE-T
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Ex Vivo Pig Eye Model for Studying Diffusion of Acylcarnitines with Different Physicochemical Properties. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 John Kim Hiller,Elise Mørk Sandås,Helge Rootwelt,Anja Østeby Vassli,Tor Paaske Utheim,Morten Carstens Moe,Katja Benedikte Prestø Elgstøen,Goran Petrovski
Purpose: To explore the diffusion capacities between the anterior and vitreous chambers in a novel ex vivo pig eye model using a mix of stable isotope-labeled acylcarnitines representing metabolites with different physical and chemical properties, and analysis using mass spectrometry (MS). Methods: Enucleated pig eyes were injected in the anterior or vitreous chamber of the eye with a stable isotope-labeled
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Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Profile of Topical Ophthalmic and Intravenous Delivery of QLS-101, a Novel ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Opening Ocular Hypotensive Agent. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Uttio Roy Chowdhury,Cynthia L Pervan-Steel,Ryan Sheeler,Hemchand K Sookdeo,Brian Rogers,Ralph Casale,Peter I Dosa,Thurein Htoo,Barbara M Wirostko,Michael P Fautsch
Purpose: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of the ocular hypotensive agent QLS-101, a novel ATP-sensitive potassium channel opening prodrug, and its active moiety levcromakalim, following topical ophthalmic and intravenous dosing of normotensive rabbits and dogs. Methods: Dutch belted rabbits (n = 85) and beagle dogs (n = 32) were dosed with QLS-101 (0.16-3.2 mg/eye/dose) or formulation buffer
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Glycerophospholipid Analysis of Optic Nerve Regeneration Models Indicate Potential Membrane Order Changes Associated with the Lipidomic Shifts. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Sean D Meehan,Emily Neag,Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
Purpose: Optic nerve (ON) injury causes irreversible degeneration, leading to vision loss that cannot be restored with available therapeutics. Current therapies slow further degeneration but do not promote regeneration. New regenerative factors have been discovered that are successful in vivo. However, the mechanisms of efficient long-distance regeneration are still unknown. Membrane expansion by lipid
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Context-Dependent Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axonal Regeneration After Optic Nerve Injury. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-12 Alexander W Venanzi,Tal Carmy-Bennun,Felicia S Marino,Marcio Ribeiro,Abigail S Hackam
Purpose: There is increasing interest in nonpharmacologic approaches to protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after injury and enhance the efficacy of therapeutic molecules. Accumulating evidence demonstrates neuroprotection by the high-fat low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) in humans and animal models of neurologic diseases. However, no studies to date have examined whether the KD protects RGCs
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Survival of Neural Progenitors Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Following Subretinal Transplantation in Rodents. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Hamzah Aweidah,Chen Matsevich,Hanita Khaner,Masha Idelson,Ayala Ejzenberg,Benjamin Reubinoff,Eyal Banin,Alexey Obolensky
Purpose: To examine the survival of neural progenitors (NPs) cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) following subretinal (SR) transplantation in rodents. Methods: hESCs engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) were differentiated in vitro toward an NP fate using a 4-week protocol. State of differentiation was characterized by quantitative-PCR. NPs in suspension
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The Antiangiogenic Effect and Ocular Pharmacology of Novel Modified Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Wei Huang,Liqun Huang,Ziyi Wen,Robert A Honkanen,Basil Rigas
Purpose: To evaluate the hypothesis that 3 novel compounds, OXT-328, Q-922, and CL-717 show efficacy in the treatment of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and whether or not their route of administration is intravitreal, topical, or systemic. Methods: The OIR mouse model, characterized by an avascular area (AVA) and a neovascular area (NVA) of the retina, was used to study retinopathy of prematurity
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Therapeutics: Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Ocular Vascular Diseases. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Shusheng Wang
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Modulation of Intraocular Pressure Is Independent of Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Shakarr V Wiggins,Ryan Schreiner,Jacob Ferreira,Alan D Marmorstein,Lonny R Levin,Jochen Buck
Purpose: We investigated whether a clinically used carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAIs) can modulate intraocular pressure (IOP) through soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) signaling. Methods: IOP was measured 1 h after topical treatment with brinzolamide, a topically applied and clinically used CAIs, using direct cannulation of the anterior chamber in sAC knockout (KO) mice or C57BL/6J mice in the presence
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Use of a Cationic Emulsion of Latanoprost to Treat Glaucoma Patients with Ocular Surface Disease: A Preclinical Review. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Philippe Daull,Jean-Sébastien Garrigue,Hong Liang,Christophe Baudouin
Prostaglandin analogue topical medications are one of the most effective therapeutic approaches for the chronic management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, through the reduction of elevated intra ocular pressure (IOP). While many of the first generations of anti-glaucoma eye drops were preserved with benzalkonium chloride, their repeated use may induce chronic ocular surface toxicity that leads
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Ultrasound-Guided Transcutaneous Injection in the Lacrimal Gland: A Description of Sonoanatomy and Technique. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Ann-Cathrine Larsen,Michael Møller-Hansen,Anne Katrine Wiencke,Lene Terslev,Søren Torp-Pedersen,Steffen Heegaard
Purpose: To develop a method of injecting a volume up to 50% of the lacrimal gland (LG) volume while minimizing patient discomfort and maximizing accurate drug delivery. Herein we describe a series of ultrasound (US)-guided transcutaneous injections in the LG and discuss the safety and feasibility of this technique. Methods: Ultrasonography was performed in 40 patients with aqueous deficient dry eye
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Grading the Severity of Damage to the Perijunctional Actomyosin Ring and Zonula Occludens-1 of the Corneal Endothelium by Ensemble Learning Methods. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-17 Palanahalli S Shilpashree,Tapanmitra Ravi,M Y Thanuja,Chalimeswamy Anupama,Sudhir H Ranganath,Kaggere V Suresh,Sangly P Srinivas
Purpose: In many epithelia, including the corneal endothelium, intracellular/extracellular stresses break down the perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) at the apical junctions. This study aims to grade the severity of damage to PAMR and ZO-1 through machine learning. Methods: Immunocytochemical images of PAMR and ZO-1 were drawn from recent studies on the corneal endothelium
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Ocular Safety and Toxicokinetics of Bevacizumab-bvzr (Zirabev), a Bevacizumab Biosimilar, Administered to Cynomolgus Monkeys by Intravitreal Injection. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-07 Marjorie A Peraza,Susan Hurst,Wenhu Huang,Bernard S Buetow,Andrew J Lickteig,J Dan Lavach,Denzil F Frost,Margaret E Collins,Rani S Sellers,Diane Matsumoto Smith
Purpose: Bevacizumab-bvzr (Zirabev®), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and a biosimilar to bevacizumab, is approved for intravenous administration for various indications worldwide. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ocular toxicity, systemic tolerability, and toxicokinetics (TKs) of bevacizumab-bvzr following repeat intravitreal
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Topical Losartan: Practical Guidance for Clinical Trials in the Prevention and Treatment of Corneal Scarring Fibrosis and Other Eye Diseases and Disorders. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-06 Steven E Wilson
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that impedes transforming growth factor (TGF) beta signaling by inhibiting activation of signal transduction molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Studies supported the efficacy of topical losartan in decreasing scarring fibrosis after rabbit Descemetorhexis, alkali burn, and photorefractive keratectomy injuries, and in case reports
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Pharmacological Therapy of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: Systematic In Vitro Comparison of 36 Pharmacological Agents. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-03 Natalie Tersi,Stefan Kassumeh,Andreas Ohlmann,Laura Strehle,Siegfried G Priglinger,Daniela Hartmann,Armin Wolf,Christian M Wertheimer
Purpose: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is currently treated surgically. Reliable pharmaceutical options would be desirable, and numerous drugs have been proposed. This in vitro study is intended to systematically compare and determine the most promising candidates for the treatment of PVR. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted in the "PubMed" database to identify previously
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V-ATPase Regulates Retinal Progenitor Cell Proliferation During Eye Regrowth in Xenopus. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-03 Cindy X Kha,Iris Nava,Kelly Ai-Sun Tseng
Purpose: The induction of retinal progenitor cell (RPC) proliferation is a strategy that holds promise for alleviating retinal degeneration. However, the mechanisms that can stimulate RPC proliferation during repair remain unclear. Xenopus tailbud embryos successfully regrow functional eyes within 5 days after ablation, and this process requires increased RPC proliferation. This model facilitates identification
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Duration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Suppression After Intravitreal Injection of Brolucizumab and Aflibercept in Macaque Eyes. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-06 Shumpei Obata,Masashi Kakinoki,Osamu Sawada,Ikuo Kawamoto,Mitsuru Murase,Masahito Ohji
Purpose: To compare the duration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suppression in the aqueous humor of macaque eyes after intravitreal injection of brolucizumab and aflibercept. Methods: Clinical dose of intravitreal brolucizumab (IVBr; 6.0 mg/50 μL) or intravitreal aflibercept (IVA; 2 mg/50 μL) was injected into the right eye of each of 8 macaques. Aqueous humor samples (150 μL) from both
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Pulsed Ultrasound-Mediated Enhancement on Transscleral and Transconjunctival Fluorescein Sodium Delivery to Rabbit Eye In Vivo. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Shuqi You,Hongsheng Zhou,Shicheng Yang,Suqian Wu,Xiangwu Chen,Rong Zhang,Wei Chen,Huan Wang,Xiaofen Mo
Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pulsed ultrasound (PUS) in enhancing fluorescein sodium (NaF) transport to the rabbit eye through the transscleral and transconjunctival routes in vivo. Methods: PUS and NaF were applied onto the supratemporal sclera/conjunctiva of healthy rabbit eyes. PUS (1 MHz, 2.37 W/cm2, 30% duty cycle, 5-min application time) was performed 3 times with a 5-min
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Anti-Inflammatories in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Review. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Victor L Perez,Francis S Mah,Mark Willcox,Stephen Pflugfelder
Inflammation is an important driver of dry eye disease (DED) pathogenesis. An initial insult that results in the loss of tear film homeostasis can initiate a nonspecific innate immune response that leads to a chronic and self-sustaining inflammation of the ocular surface, which results in classic symptoms of dry eye. This initial response is followed by a more prolonged adaptive immune response, which
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Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Visual Deficits in Diabetic tie2-TNF Transgenic Mice via TGR5 Signaling. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Raji Lenin,Kumar Abhiram Jha,Jordy Gentry,Abhishek Shrestha,Erielle V Culp,Thirumalini Vaithianathan,Rajashekhar Gangaraju
Purpose: This study evaluated if tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) alleviates pro-inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated visual deficits in diabetic tie2-TNF transgenic mice via Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) receptor signaling. Methods: Adult tie2-TNF transgenic or age-matched C57BL/6J (wildtype, WT) mice were made diabetic and treated subcutaneously with TUDCA. After
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Ocular Pharmacokinetic Properties of Intravitreally Injected Aflibercept in Rabbits After Using Brinzolamide/Timolol Eye Drops. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-13 Tianyang Zhou,Xiang Li,Jingjing Yang,Huiyun Xia,Qian Liu,Jijun He,Junjie Zhang
Purpose: To investigate the ocular pharmacokinetic properties of intravitreally injected aflibercept in rabbits after using brinzolamide 1%/timolol maleate 0.5% fixed-combination eye drops. Methods: The right eye of 5 rabbits was topically administered 30 μL of brinzolamide and timolol maleate eye drops twice a day (q12h). The 2 eyes of each rabbit were injected with 1.0 mg (0.025 cc) of aflibercept
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Povidone-Iodine Adverse Effects and Alternatives for Ocular Procedures. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Smriti Nair,Aretha Zhu,Mustafa Jaffry,Hassaam Choudhry,Mohammad H Dastjerdi
Purpose: Povidone-iodine (PVI), also known as Betadine, is a widely used antiseptic agent used in several fields of medicine. In ophthalmology, it is applied as a preoperative antiseptic to prevent infectious complications that can result from surgical procedures. PVI's safety and efficacy have been extensively studied and represented in the literature; however, the incidence of adverse effects has
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Intracameral Drug Delivery: A Review of Agents, Indications, and Outcomes. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-09 Megha Gautam,Rituka Gupta,Priti Singh,Vidhya Verma,Sunil Verma,Parul Mittal,Samendra Karkhur,Ananyan Sampath,Rajiv R Mohan,Bhavana Sharma
An intracameral (IC) injection directly delivers the drug into the anterior chamber of the eye. This targeted drug delivery technique overcomes the ocular barriers and offers a high therapeutic concentration of medication at the desired site and consequently better clinical outcomes. IC drug delivery is a safe and effective modality with many advantages over topical delivery. These include excellent