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Exploring variations in recommended first‐choice therapy for complicated urinary tract infections in males: Insights from outpatient settings across age, race, and ethnicity Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Kathryn Sine, Thomas Lavoie, Aisling R. Caffrey, Vrishali V. Lopes, David Dosa, Kerry L. LaPlante, Haley J. Appaneal
IntroductionThere are known disparities in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, disparities in treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are largely uninvestigated.ObjectivesWe characterized UTI treatment among males in Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient settings by age, race, and ethnicity and identified demographic characteristics predictive of recommended first‐choice antibiotic
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Optimal starting dosing regimen of intravenous oxytocin for labor induction based on the population kinetic‐pharmacodynamic model of uterine contraction frequency Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Zhiheng Yu, Rong Chen, Cheng Zhao, Renwei Zhang, Tianyan Zhou, Yangyu Zhao
BackgroundIntravenous oxytocin is commonly used for labor induction. However, a consensus on the initial dosing regimen is lac with conflicting research findings and varying guidelines. This study aimed to develop a population kinetic‐pharmacodynamic (K‐PD) model for oxytocin‐induced uterine contractions considering real‐world data and relevant influencing factors to establish an optimal starting dosing
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Use of bivalirudin after initial heparin management among adult patients on long-term venovenous extracorporeal support as a bridge to lung transplant: A case series Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Hala Halawi, Jesse E. Harris, Ahmad Goodarzi, Simon Yau, Jihad G. Youssef, Mena Botros, Howard J. Huang
A growing body of evidence supports the use of bivalirudin as an alternative to unfractionated heparin (UFH) for the prevention of thrombotic events in patients on venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, data in patients bridged to lung transplantation are limited. In this case series, we describe the outcomes of six patients who were transitioned from UFH to bivalirudin
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Combination eravacycline therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with COVID-19: A case series Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Melissa N. W. Jackson, Wenjing Wei, Norman S. Mang, Bonnie C. Prokesch, Jessica K. Ortwine
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) pneumonia is associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Clinical data regarding the optimal treatment of CRAB is limited, and combination therapy is often preferred. Eravacycline has demonstrated in-vitro activity against A. baumannii and has been considered for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by CRAB.
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Updates in pulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis pharmacotherapy: A focus on BPaL and BPaLM Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Dana J. Holger, Ali Althubyani, Taylor Morrisette, Nicholas Rebold, Marylee Tailor
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern and contributes to high morbidity and mortality. New evidence supports the use of shorter duration, all-oral regimens, which represent an encouraging treatment strategy for drug-resistant TB. As a result, the landscape of drug-resistant TB pharmacotherapy has drastically evolved regarding treatment principles and preferred agents. This
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Correction to “International consensus recommendations for the use of prolonged-infusion beta-lactam antibiotics: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Society of Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-11
Hong LT, Downes KJ, FakhriRavari A, et al. International consensus recommendations for the use of prolonged-infusion beta-lactam antibiotics: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society of Critical Care
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Multicenter study evaluating target attainment of anti-Factor Xa levels using various enoxaparin prophylactic dosing practices in adult trauma patients Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Tyler Chanas, Gabrielle Gibson, Elizabeth Langenstroer, David J. Herrmann, Thomas W. Carver, Kaitlin Alexander, Sai Ho Jason Chui, Lisa Rein, Michael Ha, Kaylee M. Maynard, Kristen Bamberg, Mary O'Keefe, Marisa O'Brien, Mariela Cardona Gonzalez, Brandon Hobbs, Mehrnaz Pajoumand, William J. Peppard
Enoxaparin is standard of care for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in adult trauma patients, but fixed-dose protocols are suboptimal. Dosing based on body mass index (BMI) or total body weight (TBW) improves target prophylactic anti-Xa level attainment and reduces VTE rates. A novel strategy using estimated blood volume (EBV) may be more effective based on results of a single-center study
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Real world study on elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor impact on cholesterol levels in adults with cystic fibrosis Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-24 Kevin Lonabaugh, Galvin Li, Rhonda List, Reyna Huang, Amber James, Andrew Barros, Lindsay Somerville, Dana Albon
The introduction of the highly effective modulator therapy elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) has revolutionized the care of persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) with major improvements seen in lung function and body mass index. The effects of ETI therapy in real-world cohorts on other parameters such as cholesterol levels are largely unknown.
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Is reversal of anticoagulants necessary in neurologically intact traumatic intracranial hemorrhage? Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 Kelly Powell, William Curtiss, Erin Sadek, Jason Hecht
Falls are the leading cause of injury in older individuals, with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) being a common complication. Anticoagulants, such as vitamin K antagonist and direct oral anticoagulants, are increasingly utilized, and clinicians may question the necessity of reversal in patients with minor ICH, especially in the setting of increased risk of adverse events. This study aimed to identify
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Identification of risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients taking sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Christie Schumacher, Amanda Chorpash, Charlotte Bolch, Kellye Eagan, Sara Nimer, Elizabeth Van Dril
Studies have demonstrated sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are kidney protective; however, their ability to cause hemodynamic changes may predispose patients to acute kidney injury (AKI). An FDA warning recommends evaluating for factors that predispose patients to AKI before initiating a SGLT2 inhibitor. The primary objective of this study is to identify risk factors that may predispose
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Clinical outcomes associated with anti-Xa-monitored enoxaparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 John A. Saunders, Sara R. Vazquez, Joseph A. Hill, Daniel M. Witt
The objective of the study was to assess clinical outcomes (composite of any venous thromboembolism [VTE], any bleeding, and mortality) associated with anti-Xa monitoring in the 30 days following enoxaparin initiation for VTE prophylaxis.
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Acid-suppressive drugs: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of their nocturnal acid-inhibitory effect Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Shupeng Zou, Mengling Ouyang, Qian Cheng, Xuan Shi, Minghui Sun
Acid-suppressive drugs (ASDs) are widely used in many gastric acid-associated diseases. Nocturnal acid breakthrough has been a common problem of many ASDs, such as proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs). Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) are expected to solve this continuing conundrum. This article examined major ASDs and compared them with placebo in terms of
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Pain management considerations in patients living with both pain syndromes and cardiovascular diseases and disorders Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Emily E. Leppien, Erin E. Pauling, Eric Smith, Brady Wisniewski, Abigayle Carpenter, Nicholas C. Schwier
Concomitant pain syndromes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and disorders are associated with significant morbidity, impaired quality of life, and neuropsychiatric disorders. There is an interplay between the mechanisms of pathophysiology of both CVD and pain syndromes. Patients with CVD (and/or disorders) as well as pain syndromes have an increased propensity for drug–drug/disease interactions. Therefore
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Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of intravenous undiluted levetiracetam at a pediatric institution Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Lily Price, Lisa Garrity, Sarah Stiehl
Recent studies suggest rapid administration of high-dose, undiluted levetiracetam is safe in adults; however, no information exists in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of undiluted levetiracetam at a pediatric institution.
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Cardiovascular adverse events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Fangzheng Yuan, Carrie Lenneman, Ronald Krone, Grant R. Williams, Darryl Outlaw, Michael Katsnelson, Stephen Lirette
Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and anti-angiogenics, are first-line therapies for advanced and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Although TKIs have a greater potential for off-target adverse effects compared with bevacizumab (anti-angiogenics), a direct comparison of the risk of cardiovascular adverse events between these two types of therapies
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Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics analysis and establishment of optimal dosing regimens using unbound cefmetazole concentration for patients infected with Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Takaya Namiki, Yuta Yokoyama, Hideki Hashi, Rentaro Oda, Aya Jibiki, Hitoshi Kawazoe, Kazuaki Matsumoto, Sayo Suzuki, Tomonori Nakamura
Establish methods for measuring cefmetazole (CMZ) concentrations conduct a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis using unbound CMZ concentrations for extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and investigate optimal dosing regimens for not undergoing hemodialysis (non-HD) and undergoing hemodialysis (HD) patients.
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Methenamine for urinary tract infection prophylaxis: A systematic review Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Jian Mei Li, Leon E. Cosler, Elizabeth P. Harausz, Courtney E. Myers, Wesley D. Kufel
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly affect many patient populations. Recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) can be particularly problematic and lead to potential hospitalizations, multiple antibiotic courses, and have a potential negative impact on quality of life. To prevent UTIs, antibiotics are frequently used for prophylaxis; however, antibiotic prophylaxis has notable untoward consequences including but
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Urinary biomarkers as indicators of acute kidney injury in critically ill children exposed to vancomycin Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Autumn M. Spyhalsky, Se Jin Kim, Calvin J. Meaney, Nicholas M. Smith, Dhaval K. Shah, Amanda B. Hassinger, Nicholas M. Fusco
The standard of care for detecting acute kidney injury (AKI) is change in serum creatinine (SCr) and urine output, which are limited. This study aimed to compare urinary biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) with kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) in critically ill children exposed to vancomycin who did and did not develop AKI as defined by changes in SCr.
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Comparison of different sustained-release opioids and acute respiratory conditions in patients with cancer and chronic kidney disease Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Satoru Mitsuboshi, Shungo Imai, Hayato Kizaki, Satoko Hori
Few data are available on the association between the use of oxycodone in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute respiratory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oxycodone is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory conditions in patients with cancer and CKD compared with other opioids.
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Impact of medication intensification on 30-day hospital readmissions in a geriatric trauma population: A multicenter cohort study Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-05 Emily Kanis, Patrick Gallegos, Kailey Christman, Daniel Vazquez, Chanda Mullen, Michaelia D. Cucci
Fall-related injuries are a significant health issue that occur in 25% of older adults and account for a significant number of trauma-related hospitalizations. Although medication intensification may increase the risk of hospital readmissions in non-trauma patients, data on a geriatric trauma population are lacking.
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Efficacy and safety of factor Xa inhibitors in low body weight patients Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-05 Yingcong Tan, Cynthia Hubbard, Holly Owens, James Pitt, Christopher Giuliano, Bradley Haan, Thomas Breeden, Dumitru Sirbu, Kelsey Pena, Trevlyn Haddox, Stephanie B. Edwin
The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for the safety and efficacy of factor Xa inhibitors in patients with a weight ≤60 kg or BMI < 18.5 kg/m2.
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Association between household opioid prescriptions and risk for overdose among family members not prescribed opioids Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-05 Alan T. Arakkal, Linnea A. Polgreen, Cole G. Chapman, Jacob E. Simmering, Joseph E. Cavanaugh, Philip M. Polgreen, Aaron C. Miller
Prescription opioids have contributed to the rise in opioid-related overdoses and deaths. The presence of opioids within households may increase the risk of overdose among family members who were not prescribed an opioid themselves. Larger quantities of opioids may further increase risk.
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Development and validation of a model to predict acute kidney injury following high-dose methotrexate in patients with lymphoma Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-05 Mikhaila L. Rice, Erin F. Barreto, Andrew D. Rule, Catherine E. Martin, Huong L. Truong, Kristin C. Mara, Kianoush B. Kashani, Carrie A. Thompson, Thomas E. Witzig, Jason N. Barreto
To develop and validate a model for predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) after high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) exposure.
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A systematic review of clozapine-associated inflammation and related monitoring Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Jonathan G. Leung, Lusi Zhang, Matej Markota, Vicki L. Ellingrod, Danielle J. Gerberi, Jeffrey R. Bishop
Clozapine is an effective antipsychotic medication used for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, it is underutilized due to rigorous hematologic monitoring requirements and many adverse drug reactions. Publications have highlighted the occurrence of inflammatory reactions, some life-threatening, particularly during the early stages of clozapine treatment. Although guidelines have suggested monitoring
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Precision medicine in the ICU: One size fits one patient Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Jeffrey F. Barletta, Jason A. Roberts
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT JFB is a consultant for Wolters Kluwer and a member of Council for the Society of Critical Care Medicine. The views presented are those of the author and do not represent the views of SCCM.
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Vancomycin removal and pharmacokinetics during accelerated venovenous hemofiltration Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Natasha D. Lopez, Michael Griggs, Jonathan H. Sin, Russel J. Roberts, Andrew S. Allegretti
Vancomycin pharmacokinetics are affected by renal replacement therapy and physiologic changes in critically ill patients. Literature regarding vancomycin removal and pharmacokinetics during accelerated venovenous hemofiltration (AVVH), a form of prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy, is limited.
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Metabolomic analysis of serum samples from a clinical study on ipragliflozin and metformin treatment in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Exploring human metabolites associated with visceral fat reduction Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Ayano Tsukagoshi-Yamaguchi, Masaya Koshizaka, Ryoichi Ishibashi, Ko Ishikawa, Takahiro Ishikawa, Mayumi Shoji, Shintaro Ide, Kana Ide, Yusuke Baba, Ryo Terayama, Akiko Hattori, Minoru Takemoto, Yasuo Ouchi, Yoshiro Maezawa, Koutaro Yokote
The effects of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter-2 inhibitor ipragliflozin were compared with metformin in a previous study, which revealed that ipragliflozin reduced visceral fat content by 12%; however, the underlying mechanism was unclear. Therefore, this sub-analysis aimed to compare metabolomic changes associated with ipragliflozin and metformin that may contribute to their biological effects
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Modifiable statin characteristics associated with potential statin-related prescribing cascades Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Grace Hsin-Min Wang, Earl Morris, Scott M. Vouri, Shailina Keshwani, Stephan Schmidt, Carl J. Pepine, Steven M. Smith
Clinicians may prescribe new medications (marker drug) to treat statin-related (index drug) adverse events, constituting a prescribing cascade. We aimed to identify modifiable statin characteristics (intensity and individual statin agents) associated with lower risk of prescribing cascades to inform clinical decisions in the presence of statin-related adverse events.
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Kidney function as a key driver of the pharmacokinetic response to high-dose L-carnitine in septic shock Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Theodore S. Jennaro, Michael A. Puskarich, Thomas L. Flott, Laura A. McLellan, Alan E. Jones, Manjunath P. Pai, Kathleen A. Stringer
Levocarnitine (L-carnitine) has shown promise as a metabolic-therapeutic for septic shock, where mortality approaches 40%. However, high-dose (≥ 6 grams) intravenous supplementation results in a broad range of serum concentrations. We sought to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of high-dose L-carnitine, test various estimates of kidney function, and assess the correlation of PK parameters
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Developing precision-based multidisciplinary pharmacotherapy management plans in the critically ill Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 William E. Dager
1 INTRODUCTION Developing optimal management plans can be straightforward, or at other times more challenging when multiple unique situations exist requiring a more individualized approach.1, 2 Many pharmacologic regimens are developed based on clinical trials assessing their use in general populations with fewer or more limited insights that include or explore the critically ill. Use of medications
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Prescribing cascades in ambulatory care: A structured synthesis of evidence Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Faiza Shahid, Ann Doherty, Emma Wallace, Sven Schmiedl, G. Caleb Alexander, Tobias Dreischulte
The strength of evidence for specific ambulatory care prescribing cascades, in which a marker drug is used to treat an adverse event caused by an index drug, has not been well characterized. To perform a structured, systematic, and transparent review of the evidence supporting ambulatory care prescribing cascades. Ninety-four potential prescribing cascades identified through a previously published
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Anticoagulant drug–drug interactions with cannabinoids: A systematic review Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-23 Maureen A. Smythe, Wendy Wu, Candice L. Garwood
This systematic review evaluates the extent to which the effect of anticoagulants may be altered in the presence of cannabinoids. The following databases were searched: EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PscycINFO, and CINAHL from database inception through May 2023. Search terms included cannabis AND anticoagulant AND drug interactions and related keywords. The major outcome was hemorrhage or
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Morphomics-informed population pharmacokinetic and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling to optimize cefazolin surgical prophylaxis Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Shuhan Liu, Aleksas Matvekas, Tamara Naimi, Aws Ghanem, Ruiting Li, Krishani Rajanayake, Brian Derstine, Brian Ross, June Sullivan, Hyun Gi Yun, Scott Regenbogen, John Byrn, Grace Su, Stewart Wang, Manjunath P. Pai
Cefazolin is the leading antibiotic used to prevent surgical site infections worldwide. Consensus guidelines recommend adjustment of the cefazolin dose above and below 120 kg without regard to body composition. Algorithms exist to repurpose radiologic data into body composition (morphomics) and inform dosing decisions in obesity.
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Fluid resuscitation and relation to respiratory support escalation in patients with and without pulmonary hypertension with sepsis Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Mary J. Fronrath, Laura Hencken, Carolyn R. Martz, Bryan Kelly, Zachary R. Smith
To compare guideline-based fluid resuscitation and need for respiratory support escalation in septic patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) to those without PH.
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Erratum Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-19
Correction to “International consensus recommendations for the use of prolonged-infusion beta-lactam antibiotics: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Society of
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Standards of practice to advance the quality of health care Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 C. Lindsay DeVane, Jerry L. Bauman
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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CYP2D6-guided opioid therapy for adults with cancer pain: A randomized implementation clinical trial Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Scott A. Mosley, Emily Cicali, Alex Del Cueto, Diane G. Portman, Kristine A. Donovan, Yan Gong, Taimour Langaee, Priya Gopalan, Jessica Schmit, Jason S. Starr, Natalie Silver, Young D. Chang, Sahana Rajasekhara, Joshua E. Smith, Heloisa P. Soares, Michael Clare-Salzler, Petr Starostik, Thomas J. George, Howard L. McLeod, Roger B. Fillingim, J. Kevin Hicks, Larisa H. Cavallari
The CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes opioids commonly prescribed for cancer-related pain, and CYP2D6 polymorphisms may contribute to variability in opioid response. We evaluated the feasibility of implementing CYP2D6-guided opioid prescribing for patients with cancer and reported pilot outcome data.
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Fluoroquinolone-associated adverse events of interest among hospitalized veterans affairs patients with community-acquired pneumonia who were treated with a fluoroquinolone: A focus on tendonitis, Clostridioides difficile infection, and aortic aneurysm Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Nimish Patel, Allison Gorseth, Gina Belfiore, Nicholas Stornelli, Colleen Lowry, Lodise Thomas
The objectives of this study were to (i) quantify the incidence of three concerning fluoroquinolone adverse events of interest (FQAEI, i.e., adverse tendon event (TE), clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and aortic aneurysm/dissection (AAD)), (ii) identify the patient-level factors that predict these events, and (iii) develop clinical risk scores to estimate the predicted probabilities of each
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Transitioning disopyramide to mavacamten in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case series and clinical guide Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-09 Andrew Willeford, Jorge Silva Enciso
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder for which first-line treatments for obstructive HCM (oHCM) include beta-blockers, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, and disopyramide for refractory cases. Mavacamten, a selective cardiac myosin inhibitor, is indicated for symptomatic oHCM to improve functional capacity and symptoms. Use of disopyramide and mavacamten together is not
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Switching from intravenous vancomycin to oral antibiotics reduces adverse events in a retrospective cohort of outpatients with orthopedic infections Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Chanah K. Gallagher, Heather Cummins, Russell J. Benefield, Laura K. Certain
Vancomycin is frequently used for prolonged courses in treating osteoarticular infections despite a high rate of adverse drug events (ADE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transitioning to oral therapy compared to continuing parenteral vancomycin in patients with orthopedic infections.
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Comment on "Dosing implications for liposomal amphotericin B in pregnancy". Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Wan-Yu Chu,Thomas P C Dorlo
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Response to comment on "Dosing implications for liposomal amphotericin B in pregnancy". Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Niamh O'Grady,Matthew Davis,Dayna McManus,Jeffrey Topal,Marwan M Azar,Neima Briggs
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International consensus recommendations for the use of prolonged-infusion beta-lactam antibiotics: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Lisa T. Hong, Kevin J. Downes, Alireza FakhriRavari, Jacinda C. Abdul-Mutakabbir, Joseph L. Kuti, Sarah Jorgensen, David C. Young, Mohammad H. Alshaer, Matteo Bassetti, Robert A. Bonomo, Mark Gilchrist, Soo Min Jang, Thomas Lodise, Jason A. Roberts, Thomas Tängdén, Athena Zuppa, Marc H. Scheetz
Intravenous β-lactam antibiotics remain a cornerstone in the management of bacterial infections due to their broad spectrum of activity and excellent tolerability. β-lactams are well established to display time-dependent bactericidal activity, where reductions in bacterial burden are directly associated with the time that free drug concentrations remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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International consensus recommendations for the use of prolonged-infusion beta-lactam antibiotics: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Lisa T. Hong, Kevin J. Downes, Alireza FakhriRavari, Jacinda C. Abdul-Mutakabbir, Joseph L. Kuti, Sarah Jorgensen, David C. Young, Mohammad H. Alshaer, Matteo Bassetti, Robert A. Bonomo, Mark Gilchrist, Soo Min Jang, Thomas Lodise, Jason A. Roberts, Thomas Tängdén, Athena Zuppa, Marc H. Scheetz
Intravenous β-lactam antibiotics remain a cornerstone in the management of bacterial infections due to their broad spectrum of activity and excellent tolerability. β-lactams are well established to display time-dependent bactericidal activity, where reductions in bacterial burden are directly associated with the time that free drug concentrations remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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Correction to “Comparative adherence trajectories of oral disease-modifying agents in multiple sclerosis” Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-21
Earla JR, Li J, Hutton GJ, Johnson ML, Aparasu RR. Comparative adherence trajectories of oral disease-modifying agents in multiple sclerosis. Pharmacotherapy. 2023; 43:473–484. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2810 The Figure 3 legend has been changed from. Adherence trajectories with 95% confidence intervals in oral DMA users with MS in IBM MarketScan. y-axis represents the probability of adherence, and
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Approaches to Precision-based Anticoagulation management in the critically Ill Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 William E. Dager, Toby C. Trujillo, Brian W. Gilbert
Anticoagulant therapy is commonly associated with a high incidence of avoidable adverse events, especially in the acute care setting. This has led to several initiatives by key national health care stakeholders, including specific attention to The Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goals, to improve anticoagulation management. The subject of special populations has long been identified as challenging
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Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and dosing in critically ill adults receiving prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy: A systematic review Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-19 Arvind Grewal, Pierre Thabet, Samuel Dubinsky, Debanjali Purkayastha, Kristy Wong, Ryan Marko, Swapnil Hiremath, Brian Hutton, Salmaan Kanji
Prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT) is gaining popularity as a renal replacement modality in intensive care units, but there is a relative lack of guidance regarding antimicrobial clearance and dosing when compared with other modalities. The objectives of this systematic review were to: (1) identify and describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of relevant antimicrobials used in critically
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Baricitinib versus tocilizumab in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Grace M. Conroy, Seth R. Bauer, Andrea M. Pallotta, Abhijit Duggal, Lu Wang, Gretchen L. Sacha
The immunomodulators tocilizumab and baricitinib improve outcomes in severely ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, comparative analyses of clinical outcomes related to these agents are lacking. A tocilizumab national shortage shifted treatment to baricitinib in critically ill patients, allowing for an outcome comparison in a similar population. The purpose of this study is
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Transplacental methadone exposure and risk of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-13 Varsha Bhatt-Mehta, Xinyue Jing, Xinwen Wang, Hao-Jie Zhu
Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is a condition that often occurs in neonates born to mothers who received methadone treatment for opioid use disorder during pregnancy. Early identification and treatment of infants at risk of NOWS may improve clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether maternal and umbilical cord plasma concentrations of methadone and its metabolite
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Efficacy of risdiplam in spinal muscular atrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-13 Carlos Pascual-Morena, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Iván Cavero-Redondo, Irene Martínez-García, Nerea Moreno-Herráiz, Celia Álvarez-Bueno, Alicia Saz-Lara
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of risdiplam on motor and respiratory function in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). We systematically searched Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to March 2023. We included pre-post studies that determined the effect of risdiplam on the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test
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Using population pharmacokinetics to optimize initial vancomycin dosing guidelines for neonates to treat sepsis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcus Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-13 Erin Chung, Winnie Seto
Vancomycin dosing tailored for newborns is challenging due to the significant influence of maturation and organ function on pharmacokinetics. Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models can be used to improve target attainment in neonates.
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Potential drug–drug interactions among U.S. adults treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir: A cross-sectional study of the National Covid Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Xuya Xiao, Hemalkumar B. Mehta, Jill Curran, Brian T. Garibaldi, G. Caleb Alexander
To estimate the prevalence of potential moderate to severe drug–drug interactions (DDIs) involving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, identify interacting medications, and evaluate risk factors associated with potential DDIs.
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Anticoagulation strategies in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A network meta-analysis and systematic review Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Jiale Chen, Guoquan Chen, Wenyi Zhao, Wenxing Peng
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) plays an important role in providing temporary life support for patients with severe cardiac or pulmonary failure, but requires strict anticoagulation and monitoring. This network meta-analysis systematically explored the most effective anticoagulation and monitoring strategies for patients receiving ECMO.
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Review of anticoagulation considerations in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-30 Sydney D. T. Graboyes, Phillip S. Owen, Rickey A. Evans, Theodore J. Berei, Katarzyna M. Hryniewicz, Ian B. Hollis
Since its first success in 1975, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used with increasing frequency for pulmonary and cardiopulmonary bypass. Use in adults has increased exponentially since the early 2000s, but despite thousands of international cannulations using both veno-arterial (VA) and veno-venous (VV) ECMO, there are still significant hemocompatibility-related adverse events
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Practical considerations for individualizing drug dosing in critically ill adults receiving renal replacement therapy Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Salmaan Kanji, Claire Roger, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Laurent Muller
Critically ill patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) often present with or develop renal dysfunction requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in addition to antimicrobial therapy. While early and appropriate antimicrobials for sepsis have been associated with an increased probability of survival, adequate dosing is also required in these patients. Adequate dosing of antimicrobials
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Empiric dosing strategies to predict lamotrigine concentrations during pregnancy Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Jessica M. Barry, Jacqueline A. French, Page B. Pennell, Ashwin Karanam, Cynthia L. Harden, Angela K. Birnbaum
Maintaining seizure control with lamotrigine is complicated by altered pharmacokinetics and existence of subpopulations in whom clearance increases or remains constant during pregnancy.
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Serum potassium response to single-dose sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Haley Lewis, Benton Stamper, Alyssa Claudio Yungkurth
To assess the efficacy of single-dose sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) compared to the FDA approved three times daily (TID) dosing and to single-dose sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) for the management of asymptomatic hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients.
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Assessment of a modified MINDS-based protocol for management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome on an inpatient medical service Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Kevin M. Krcmarik, Benjamin J. Hulley, Jiayi Huang, Derek Juang, Peter Cadman, Charisma Urbiztondo, Christine Vo, Jaclyn Vargas, Ramin Motarjemi, Tarlan Moinizandi, Brian Kwan
To determine if a novel symptom-based alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) protocol in a US Veterans cohort leads to significant clinical improvements in patient outcomes and safety.
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Antithrombotic therapy with Transcatheter aortic valve replacement Pharmacotherapy (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Paul P. Dobesh, Andrew M. Goldsweig
Aortic valve replacement is a necessary management strategy for patients with severe aortic stenosis. The use of transaortic valve replacement (TAVR) has increased significantly over the last decade and now exceeds traditional surgical aortic valve replacement. Since the valve systems used in TAVR consist of bioprosthetic valve tissue encased in a metal stent frame, antithrombotic therapy recommendations