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Do regulatory safety warnings on medicines miss the mark? Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Barbara Mintzes
Knowledge of the harmful effects of medicines is limited at the point at which market authorisation is granted, with safety data based on a median of 1044 patients exposed in premarket studies of drugs licensed in the USA from 2002 to 2014.1 Patients with serious comorbidities, polypharmacy and older people are often excluded, and evidence of infrequent or longer-term harm only emerges postapproval
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Safety update: valproate safety and educational materials Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-28 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
### Key learning points The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has introduced new safety and educational materials to reduce harms from valproate.1 The MHRA continues to highlight that use of valproate during pregnancy is associated with physical birth defects in 11% of babies and neurodevelopmental disorders in 30%–40% of children.1 Valproate …
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Protecting consumers: a rich legacy Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-03-01 David Phizackerley
The history of drug bulletins is closely linked with the consumer movement of the late 1950s and early 1960s. The first independent drug bulletin, The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics , was established in the USA in 1959 by Arthur Kallet and Dr Harold Aaron who were leading figures in the Consumers Union, a non-profit organisation set up to provide information on the safety and performance
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Effect of semaglutide on major cardiovascular events Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-03-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes. N Engl J Med 2023;389:2221-32
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Tramadol-warfarin interaction Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-03-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Danbury G Susan Gladstone: Prevention of future deaths report [online], 2023. Available: https://www.judiciary. uk/prevention-of-future-death-reports/susan-gladstone-prevention-offuture-deaths-report/ [Accessed 8 January 2024].
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Safety update: omega-3-acid ethyl esters and atrial fibrillation Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-03-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Omega-3-acid ethyl ester medicines (Omacor/Teromeg 1000 mg capsules): dose-dependent increased risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with established cardiovascular diseases or cardiovascular risk factors. Drug Safety Update 2024;17(6):3.
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Do COX-inhibitors improve emergency contraception efficacy? Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-03-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, et al. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial [correction appears in Lancet . 2023;402:850]. Lancet . 2023;402:851-8.
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Very low calorie diets and total diet replacement in type 2 diabetes: where are we now? Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Roy Taylor
Management of type 2 diabetes has now been simplified by the understanding that the condition is caused by excess fat in the liver together with suppression of beta cell function by the associated excess liver export of fat. These factors can be reversed by substantial weight loss leading to remission in the early years after diagnosis, or at least major decrease in cardiovascular risks and improvement
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Acute liver failure secondary to therapeutic paracetamol dosing in an extremely preterm neonate Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Krishna Raghu, Mary Judith Berry
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports, DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. We report the first case of standard therapeutic dose paracetamol
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Hydrocortisone-induced symptomatic sinus bradycardia Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Mohammed Ahmed, Success Tobore Oyibo, Shailesh Dalvi, Richard Cowell
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports, DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. Steroids are commonly prescribed medications that have a
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Severe azathioprine-induced liver injury 22 months after initiation of treatment Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Giovanni Cataletti, Fabrizio Santagata, Luca Pastorelli, Pier Maria Battezzati
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of acute liver failure in high-income countries. Acute cholestasis is one of the most common forms of hepatotoxicity induced by azathioprine. It usually begins during the first year of treatment, with most cases reported during the first month. We describe an uncommon case of DILI that occurred after 22 months of drug administration. A woman in
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Drug-induced haemolysis: another reason to be cautious with nitrofurantoin Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Chaitanya Bhatt, Zainab Doleeb, Priya Bapat, Christian Pagnoux
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports, DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. We report the case of a previously healthy woman in her 60s
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Intravenous acetaminophen associated with acute liver failure Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Maunoo Lee, Joshua McCarron, Aaron Balinski, Richard Bower
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports, DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. A woman in her mid-60s, without known liver disease, was
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Delirium secondary to anticholinergics Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Annalise Bellizzi, Elyse Mercieca, Catherine Dimech
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports , DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. We present a case of a young man who developed sudden deterioration
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ADHD medication shortages: more than just a supply issue Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Alexandra Lewis, Teck K Khong
In September 2023, NHS England issued a national safety alert in response to shortages of methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine and guanfacine. This followed on from supply problems already being experienced for atomoxetine. As a result, people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been left frustrated, inconvenienced and anxious about the impact such shortages have on their health
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MHRA issues two updates on fluoroquinolone safety Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics: reminder of the risk of disabling and potentially long-lasting or irreversible side effects. Drug Safety Update 2023;17:1. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics: suicidal thoughts and behaviour. Drug Safety Update 2023;17:2.
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Can antidepressants worsen COPD? Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Siraj RA, Bolton CE, McKeever TM. Association between antidepressants with pneumonia and exacerbation in patients with COPD: a self-controlled case series (SCCS). Thorax. 2023. doi:10.1136/thorax-2022-219736 [Epub ahead of print 19 June 2023]
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Low-dose aspirin and anaemia in older people Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: McQuilten ZK, Thao LTP, Pasricha SR, et al. Effect of low-dose aspirin versus placebo on incidence of anemia in the elderly: a secondary analysis of the aspirin in reducing events in the elderly trial. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176:913-21.
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Risk of recurrence after first unprovoked seizure Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Neligan A, Adan G, Nevitt SJ, et al. Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023:10.1002/14651858.CD013847.pub2.
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Limiting drugs prescribed in primary care Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Michael Wilcock
The rights of general practitioners (GPs) to prescribe medicines to their patients in the context of the National Health Service (NHS) in England have been well described.1 2 There are, however, competing demands that prescribers in primary care are required to balance. A GP’s terms of service impose a duty to prescribe on the basis of need (‘a prescriber must order any drugs, medicines or appliances
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Dupilumab-induced ocular surface disease: a primer Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Merin Anna Reji, Aaisha Haque, Supriya Goyal, Guha Krishnaswamy
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports, DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. The management of atopic diseases has been revolutionised
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Continuity of care: good for patients, good for prescribing Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Julian Treadwell
Evidence that continuity of care improves important health outcomes has been building over the last three decades, strengthening in quality and reliability in the last few years. Continuity of care can be defined as repeated contact between an individual patient and a doctor. Individual studies have shown a positive relationship between continuity and outcomes such as patient satisfaction, medicines
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Hydrocortisone for severe community acquired pneumonia in ICU Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-01-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Dequin PF, Meziani F, Quenot JP, et al. Hydrocortisone in severe community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2023;388:1931–41.
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Safety update: statins and myasthenia gravis Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-01-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Statins: very infrequent reports of myasthenia gravis. Drug Safety Update 2023;17(2):1.
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Changes in primary endpoints in cancer trials Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-01-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Florez MA, Jaoude JA, Patel RR, et al. Incidence of primary end point changes among active cancer phase 3 randomized clinical trials. JAMA Netw Open 2023;6:e2313819.
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Managing acne vulgaris: an update Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Miriam Santer, Esther Burden-Teh, Jane Ravenscroft
Acne vulgaris is very common and can have significant negative impact on people. While sometimes a transient problem, acne may persist for many years and often leads to permanent scars or pigment changes. Guidelines unanimously advise topical treatments as first-line, although differ in recommending either topical benzoyl peroxide or topical retinoid (mainly adapalene) alone or in combination. Guidance
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SGLT2 inhibitor associated euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis in an orthopaedic trauma patient Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Duncan Taylor Ritchie, James Dixon
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports, DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious but rare adverse
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Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-01-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Over 200 health journals call on the United Nations (UN), political leaders and health professionals to recognise that climate change and biodiversity loss are one indivisible crisis and must be tackled together to preserve health and avoid catastrophe. This overall environmental crisis is now so severe as to be a global health emergency. The world is currently responding to the climate crisis and
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Changing the complexity of therapeutic monitoring Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-12-01 James A Cave
The number of blood tests being carried out in primary care to monitor drugs and diseases is growing fast and likely to increase further in the coming years as patient care is moved from outpatients into the community. A recent study suggests that of the 50 million blood tests undertaken in general practice each year, 40% are for monitoring purposes alone.1 2 It has been estimated that at the beginning
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Safety update: methotrexate and photosensitivity reactions Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-12-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Methotrexate: advise patients to take precautions in the sun to avoid photosensitivity reactions. Drug Safety Update 2023;17:2.
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Bempedoic acid and cardiovascular outcomes Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-12-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Nissen SE, Lincoff AM, Brennan D, et al. Bempedoic acid and cardiovascular outcomes in statin-intolerant patients. N Engl J Med 2023;388:1353-64.
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A deprescribing intervention from hospital to postacute community care Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-12-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Vasilevskis EE, Shah AS, Hollingsworth EK, et al. deprescribing medications among older adults from end of hospitalization through postacute care: a Shed-MEDS randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2023;183:223-31.
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Semaglutide: a new drug for the treatment of obesity Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Joel Lexchin, Barbara Mintzes
Semaglutide (▼Ozempic solution for injection, ▼Rybelsus tablets—Novo Nordisk) was initially granted market authorisation for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as an adjunct to diet and exercise. In 2021 and 2022, regulatory agencies in the USA and Europe licensed semaglutide (▼Wegovy solution for injection—Novo Nordisk) for the treatment of individuals who are obese, or overweight and who have at least
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Differentiation of hydrochlorothiazide-induced dermatitis from stasis dermatitis Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Rewan Abdelwahab, Eric G Tangalos, John Matulis
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports , DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. A woman in her 60s with a history of hypertension and stasis
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Moving with the times Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-11-01 David Phizackerley
In the UK, the British National Formulary ( BNF ) is one of the few medical publications that is used every day by thousands of doctors, nurses and pharmacists to support patient care. It more than meets its aim of providing ‘prescribers, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals with sound up-to-date information about the use of medicines’ and it has helped several generations of healthcare professionals
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No benefit of vitamin D on cognition in older adults Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-11-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Pham H, Waterhouse M, Rahman S, et al. Vitamin D supplementation and cognition- results from analyses of the D-Health trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023;7:1773-84.
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Missing information in US accelerated approval drug labels Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-11-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Ballreich J, Socal M, Bennett CL, et al. Accelerated approval drug labels often lack information for clinical decision-making. Pharmacotherapy 2023;43:300-4.
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Coroners’ reports, medicines and preventable deaths Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-11-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: France hs, aronson JK, heneghan c, et al. preventable deaths involving medicines: a systematic case series of coroners' reports 2013- 22. Drug Saf 2023;46:335-42.
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Recent updates from the BNF (BNF 86) Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-11-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
The BNF is jointly published by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society and BMJ. BNF is published in print twice a year and interim updates are issued and published monthly in the digital versions. The following summary provides a brief description of some of the key changes that have been made to BNF content.
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Introduction to pharmacogenetics Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-11-01 John Henry McDermott, William Newman
There is considerable interindividual variability in the effectiveness and safety of medicines. Although the reasons for this are multifactorial, it is well recognised that genetic changes impacting the absorption or metabolism of these drugs play a significant contributory role. Understanding how these pharmacogenetic variants impact response to medicines, and leveraging this knowledge to guide prescribing
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Heart failure associated with ustekinumab therapy for treatment of Crohn’s Disease Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Erica Morgenweck, Brian Park, Richard Bower
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports, DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. A man in his 60s with penetrating ileocolonic Crohn’s disease
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Taxing ill health Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-10-01 David Phizackerley
Determining whether government income is classified as a tax or a fee is complex and technical.1 Taxes are compulsory and unrequited charges, while fees are requited and should be in proportion to the cost of providing the service. It is unclear whether the NHS prescription charge in England, which is compulsory for many people, is proportionate to the cost of the service provided and should be classified
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FDA-approved drugs not meeting primary endpoints Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-10-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Johnston JL, Ross JS, Ramachandran R. US Food and Drug Administration approval of drugs not meeting pivotal trial primary end points, 2018-2021. JAMA Intern Med 2023;183:376-80.
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Hydroxychloroquine and retinopathy risk Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-10-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Melles RB, Jorge AM, Marmor MF, et al. Hydroxychloroquine dose and risk for incident retinopathy: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2023;176:166-73.
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Is alternate day dosing of oral iron an effective option for iron-deficiency anaemia? Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Katie Feather, Teck K Khong
Commentary on: Kaundal R, Bhatia P, Jain A, et al. Randomized controlled trial of twice-daily versus alternate-day oral iron therapy in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Ann Hematol. 2020;99:57-63. Series Editor: Dr Teck Khong, DTB Associate Editor, Clinical Pharmacology, St George’s, University of London, UK
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Intravenous vitamin injections: where is the evidence? Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-10-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
The body needs small daily quantities of vitamins and minerals, which are usually obtained from the diet. Intravenous vitamins are used for a few serious medical conditions (eg, malabsorption syndromes with severe vitamin depletion, Wernicke’s encephalopathy or critical illness). Intravenous drips containing high doses of various vitamins and minerals (eg, the so-called ‘Myers’ cocktail’) have been
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Valacyclovir-associated acute kidney injury Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-10-01 James Kirkland, Pathmanathan Suganthan
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports, DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. A man in his 70s presented to hospital with an acute kidney
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Redaction at the heart of NICE appraisals Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-09-01 James A Cave
In 2019, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) carried out a technical appraisal of ▼cemiplimab for treating metastatic or locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.1 At that time, there was significant uncertainty of the clinical value of the drug—both with regard to its survival data and its cost-effectiveness, but NICE felt it had ‘plausible potential’ and recommended
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Safety update: NSAIDs in pregnancy Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-09-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): potential risks following prolonged use after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Drug Safety Update 2023;16:2.
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Spironolactone for acne in women Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-09-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Santer M, Lawrence M, Renz S, et al. Effectiveness of spironolactone for women with acne vulgaris (SAFA) in England and Wales: pragmatic, multicentre, phase 3, double blind, randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2023;381:e074349.
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Antibiotic-associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-09-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Lee EY, Knox C, Phillips EJ. Worldwide prevalence of antibiotic-associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2023;159:384-392.
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Safety update: hyoscine hydrobromide patches and serious anticholinergic adverse effects Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-09-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Hyoscine hydrobromide patches (Scopoderm 1.5mg Patch or Scopoderm TTS Patch): risk of anticholinergic side effects, including hyperthermia. Drug Safety Update 2023;16:1.
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Managing drugs with anticholinergic activity Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Delia Bishara
Over the past two decades, considerable data have emerged on an association between drugs with anticholinergic activity and serious adverse effects in older people. Well-recognised anticholinergic adverse effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation and urinary retention. Of particular concern is the potential impact on cognitive function with several studies showing that long-term use of
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Adalimumab-induced sensory vasculitic neuropathy Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Nicholas Keyi Sim, Azzam Ismail, Taimour Alam, Priya Devi Shanmugarajah
In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports, DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years. Vasculitis and other autoimmune conditions are known complications
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Improving asthma prescribing: is FeNO the answer? Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Jo Congleton
Various prescribing measures for asthma suggest suboptimal control (eg, excess prescribing of short-acting beta2 agonist inhalers) and it is reported that the diagnosis of asthma is incorrect in up to one-third of patients.1 There is, therefore, a strong case to be made for using objective tests before starting or escalating asthma treatment. Measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has
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Dental adverse effects of sublingual buprenorphine and naloxone Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-08-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Etminan M, Rezaeianzadeh R, Kezouh A, et al. Association between sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone exposure and dental disease. JAMA. 2022;328:2269-71.
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Should people taking low-dose aspirin have H. pylori eradication? Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-08-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
### Key learning points The results of a primary care study suggest that H. pylori eradication may provide short-term protection against peptic ulcer bleeding in patients taking low-dose aspirin but the effect was not sustained.1 The Helicobacter Eradication Aspirin Trial (HEAT) was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that took place across 1208 UK primary care practices.1 It involved
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Antibiotic course length for pneumonia in young children Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-08-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Overview of: Li Q, Zhou Q, Florez ID, et al. Short-course vs long-course antibiotic therapy for children with nonsevere community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176:1199–1207.
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Dapagliflozin in people with chronic kidney disease Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Rochelle D Sylvester, Teck K Khong
Commentary on: Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, et al . Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1436–46. Series Editor: Dr Teck Khong, DTB Associate Editor, Clinical Pharmacology, St George’s, University of London, UK
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▼Finerenone for CKD associated with type 2 diabetes Drug Ther. Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-08-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
### What you need to know Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both major global health issues. It is estimated that 451 million individuals have diabetes worldwide and that this is anticipated to rise to 693 million by 2045.1 Importantly, diabetes is a leading cause of CKD and renal failure; approximately 20–40% of individuals with diabetes develop CKD and the incidence of end-stage