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Early developments of psychiatric epidemiology in Chile: a local history with global implications Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Franco Mascayano, Gonzalo Cuadra-Malinarich, Naomar Almeida-Filho, Ezra Susser
This viewpoint discusses a conference paper titled: “Epidemiological research on mental morbidity in Chile”, which summarizes a handful of studies from 1950s in Chile covering conditions such as alcoholism, psychosis, epilepsy, and neurosis. These were the first psychiatric epidemiological population studies conducted in the Southern hemisphere, but they are largely unknown globally. We argue that
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M-estimation for common epidemiological measures: introduction and applied examples Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Rachael K Ross, Paul N Zivich, Jeffrey S A Stringer, Stephen R Cole
M-estimation is a statistical procedure that is particularly advantageous for some comon epidemiological analyses, including approaches to estimate an adjusted marginal risk contrast (i.e. inverse probability weighting and g-computation) and data fusion. In such settings, maximum likelihood variance estimates are not consistent. Thus, epidemiologists often resort to bootstrap to estimate the variance
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Risk factors for uncontrolled blood pressure among individuals with hypertension on treatment: the CONSTANCES population-based study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Michelle Cherfane, Alexandre Vallée, Sofiane Kab, Pascale Salameh, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Jacques Blacher
Background We aimed to assess factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) among individuals with hypertension on treatment, by sex. Methods We conducted a nested cross-sectional analysis using data from the population-based cohort study CONSTANCES, designed as a randomly selected sample of French adults aged 18–69 years at study inception. We included 11 760 participants previously diagnosed
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A guide for a student-led doctoral-level qualitative methods short course in epidemiology: faculty and student perspectives Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Felix Gille, Anja Frei, Marco Kaufmann, Anja Lehmann, Javier Muñoz Laguna, Kimon Papadopoulos, Angela Spörri, Mina Stanikić, Martin Tušl, Federica Zavattaro, Milo Alan Puhan
Qualitative research and mixed methods are core competencies for epidemiologists. In response to the shortage of guidance on graduate course development, we wrote a course development guide aimed at faculty and students designing similar courses in epidemiology curricula. The guide combines established educational theory with faculty and student experiences from a recent introductory course for epidemiology
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Time-stratified case-crossover studies for aggregated data in environmental epidemiology: a tutorial Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Aurelio Tobias, Yoonhee Kim, Lina Madaniyazi
The case-crossover design is widely used in environmental epidemiology as an effective alternative to the conventional time-series regression design to estimate short-term associations of environmental exposures with a range of acute events. This tutorial illustrates the implementation of the time-stratified case-crossover design to study aggregated health outcomes and environmental exposures, such
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Mid-life employment trajectories and subsequent memory function and rate of decline in rural South Africa, 2000–22 Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Xuexin Yu, Chodziwadziwa W Kabudula, Ryan G Wagner, Darina T Bassil, Meagan T Farrell, Stephen M Tollman, Kathleen Kahn, Lisa F Berkman, Molly S Rosenberg, Lindsay C Kobayashi
Aim To investigate mid-life employment trajectories in relation to later-life memory function and rate of decline in rural South Africa. Methods Data from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System were linked to the ‘Health and Ageing in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa’ (HAALSI) in rural Agincourt, South Africa (N = 3133). Employment was assessed
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Effects of sequential vs single pneumococcal vaccination on cardiovascular diseases among older adults: a population-based cohort study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Xinning Tong, Le Gao, Ian C K Wong, Vivien K Y Chan, Angel Y S Wong, Judith C W Mak, Jacqueline K Y Yuen, Mark Jit, Ivan F N Hung, Kai Hang Yiu, Xue Li
Background Recommendations around the use of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) seldom focus on potential benefits of vaccine on comorbidities. We aimed to investigate whether sequential vaccination with PCV13 and PPSV23 among older adults would provide protection against cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared with using a single
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Neurological and immunological adverse events after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children using national immunization programme registry data Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Ju Hwan Kim, Dongwon Yoon, Hyesung Lee, Young June Choe, Ju-Young Shin
Background Despite the general consensus on the safety of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), safety concerns unveiled during post-licensure surveillance need to be addressed. We investigated whether there is a transient increased risk following a three-dose series of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) administered at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. Methods This was a population-based cohort study using
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Sustainable dietary patterns and all-cause mortality among US adults Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Sukyoung Jung, Heather A Young, Samuel J Simmens, Barbara H Braffett, Cynthia L Ogden
Background Sustainable dietary patterns that incorporate multiple dimensions may have benefits for both human health and the environment. We examined the association between sustainable dietary patterns assessed by using the Sustainable Diet Index-US (SDI-US) and mortality in US adults. Methods This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–18 (N = 22 414 aged ≥20
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Towards closing socio-economic status disparities in COVID-19 premature mortality: a nationwide and trend analysis in Chile Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Lea Maureira, Cinthya Urquidi, Alejandro Sepúlveda-Peñaloza, Mario Soto-Marchant, Patricia Matus
Background Socio-economic status (SES) disparities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality have been reported but complete information and time trends are scarce. In this study, we analysed the years of life lost (YLL) due to COVID-19 premature mortality during the pandemic in Chile and its evolution according to SES and sex compared with a counterfactual scenario [cerebrovascular accidents
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Does cycle commuting reduce the risk of mental ill-health? An instrumental variable analysis using distance to nearest cycle path Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Laurie Berrie, Zhiqiang Feng, David Rice, Tom Clemens, Lee Williamson, Chris Dibben
Background Previous studies have linked cycling with improved mental wellbeing but these studies tend to use cross-sectional survey data that have small sample sizes and self-reported health measures, and are potentially susceptible to omitted-variable bias and reverse causation. We use an instrumental variable approach and an objective measure of mental ill-health taken from linked administrative
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Hyperglycaemia is a causal risk factor for upper limb pathologies Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Harry D Green, Ella Burden, Ji Chen, Jonathan Evans, Kashyap Patel, Andrew R Wood, Robin N Beaumont, Jessica Tyrrell, Timothy M Frayling, Andrew T Hattersley, Richard A Oram, Jack Bowden, Inês Barroso, Christopher Smith, Michael N Weedon
Background Diabetes (regardless of type) and obesity are associated with a range of musculoskeletal disorders. The causal mechanisms driving these associations are unknown for many upper limb pathologies. We used genetic techniques to test the causal link between glycemia, obesity and musculoskeletal conditions. Methods In the UK Biobank’s unrelated European cohort (N = 379 708) we performed mendelian
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Diabetes mortality: trends and multi-country analysis of the Americas from 2000 to 2019 Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Carmen Antini, Roberta Caixeta, Silvana Luciani, Anselm J M Hennis
Background Diabetes has been increasing worldwide and is now among the 10 leading causes of death globally. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a complication of poorly managed diabetes, is related to high mortality risk. To better understand the situation in the Americas region, we evaluated diabetes and DKD mortality trends over the past 20 years. Methods We analysed diabetes and DKD mortality for 33
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A Bayesian functional approach to test models of life course epidemiology over continuous time Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Julien Bodelet, Cecilia Potente, Guillaume Blanc, Justin Chumbley, Hira Imeri, Scott Hofer, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, Michael Shanahan
Background Life course epidemiology examines associations between repeated measures of risk and health outcomes across different phases of life. Empirical research, however, is often based on discrete-time models that assume that sporadic measurement occasions fully capture underlying long-term continuous processes of risk. Methods We propose (i) the functional relevant life course model (fRLM), which
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Childhood physical activity and pubertal timing: findings from the LEGACY girls study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Rebecca D Kehm, Julia A Knight, Lauren C Houghton, Jasmine A McDonald, Lisa A Schwartz, Mandy Goldberg, Wendy K Chung, Caren J Frost, Ying Wei, Angela R Bradbury, Theresa H M Keegan, Mary B Daly, Saundra S Buys, Irene L Andrulis, Esther M John, Mary Beth Terry
Background There is limited research on whether physical activity (PA) in early childhood is associated with the timing of pubertal events in girls. Methods We used data collected over 2011–16 from the LEGACY Girls Study (n = 984; primarily aged 6–13 years at study enrolment), a multicentre North American cohort enriched for girls with a breast cancer family history (BCFH), to evaluate if PA is associated
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Overadjustment bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of socio-economic inequalities in health: a meta-research scoping review Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Anita van Zwieten, Jiahui Dai, Fiona M Blyth, Germaine Wong, Saman Khalatbari-Soltani
Background Overadjustment bias occurs when researchers adjust for an explanatory variable on the causal pathway from exposure to outcome, which leads to biased estimates of the causal effect of the exposure. This meta-research review aimed to examine how previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses of socio-economic inequalities in health have managed overadjustment bias. Methods We searched Medline
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Association of hormonal and reproductive factors with differentiated thyroid cancer risk in women: a pooled prospective cohort analysis Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Thomas J O’Grady, Sabina Rinaldi, Kara A Michels, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie E Buring, Yu Chen, Tess V Clendenen, Aimee D’Aloisio, Jessica Clague DeHart, Silvia Franceschi, Neal D Freedman, Gretchen L Gierach, Graham G Giles, James V Lacey, I-Min Lee, Linda M Liao, Martha S Linet, Marjorie L McCullough, Alpa V Patel, Anna Prizment, Kim Robien, Dale P Sandler, Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, Elisabete Weiderpass
Background The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is higher in women than in men but whether sex steroid hormones contribute to this difference remains unclear. Studies of reproductive and hormonal factors and thyroid cancer risk have provided inconsistent results. Methods Original data from 1 252 907 women in 16 cohorts in North America, Europe, Australia and Asia were combined to evaluate
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Understanding the impact of non-shared unmeasured confounding on the sibling comparison analysis Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Buket Öztürk Esen, Vera Ehrenstein, Irene Petersen, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Lars Pedersen
Background The sibling comparison analysis is used to deal with unmeasured confounding. It has previously been shown that in the presence of non-shared unmeasured confounding, the sibling comparison analysis may introduce substantial bias depending on the sharedness of the unmeasured confounder and the sharedness of the exposure. We aimed to improve the awareness of this challenge of the sibling comparison
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Quantifying income inequality in years of life lost to COVID-19: a prediction model approach using Dutch administrative data Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Jawa Issa, Bram Wouterse, Elena Milkovska, Pieter van Baal
Background Low socioeconomic status and underlying health increase the risk of fatal outcomes from COVID-19, resulting in more years of life lost (YLL) among the poor. However, using standard life expectancy overestimates YLL to COVID-19. We aimed to quantify YLL associated with COVID-19 deaths by sex and income quartile, while accounting for the impact of individual-level pre-existing health on remaining
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Prevalence and determinants of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in Liberia Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Cozie Gwaikolo, Yatta Sackie-Wapoe, Moses Badio, David V Glidden, Christina Lindan, Jeffrey Martin
Background Evidence from resource-rich settings indicates that many people continue to have persistent symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, called post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Only a few studies have described PASC in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We aimed to describe PASC in Liberia. Methods We randomly sampled all people who were reported from the most populous county to the Liberian
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The impact of maternal pertussis vaccination recommendation on infant pertussis incidence and mortality in the USA: an interrupted time series analysis Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-02 Catherine Psaras, Annette Regan, Roch Nianogo, Onyebuchi A Arah, Marissa J Seamans
Background Pertussis is a contagious respiratory disease. Maternal tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccination during pregnancy has been recommended by the United States Centres for Disease Control (US CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for unvaccinated pregnant women since October 2011 to prevent infection among infants; in 2012, ACIP extended this recommendation to every
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Clinical and biochemical associations of urinary metabolites: quantitative epidemiological approach on renal-cardiometabolic biomarkers. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Tianqi Li,Andrei Ihanus,Pauli Ohukainen,Marjo-Riitta Järvelin,Mika Kähönen,Johannes Kettunen,Olli T Raitakari,Terho Lehtimäki,Ville-Petteri Mäkinen,Tuulia Tynkkynen,Mika Ala-Korpela
BACKGROUND Urinary metabolomics has demonstrated considerable potential to assess kidney function and its metabolic corollaries in health and disease. However, applications in epidemiology remain sparse due to technical challenges. METHODS We added 17 metabolites to an open-access urinary nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics platform, extending the panel to 61 metabolites (n = 994). We also introduced
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Correction to: Authors' response: Solid cancer mortality among US radiation workers. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-23
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Data Resource Profile: the Children and Young People with Long COVID (CLoCk) Study. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Manjula D Nugawela,Snehal M Pinto Pereira,Natalia K Rojas,Kelsey McOwat,Ruth Simmons,Emma Dalrymple,Tamsin Ford,Shruti Garg,Dougal Hargreaves,Malcolm G Semple,Laila Xu,Roz Shafran,Terence Stephenson,
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Cohort Profile: The Beijing Birth Cohort Study (BBCS). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Jia Wang,Wei Zheng,Yuanyuan Wang,Xianxian Yuan,Weiling Han,Junhua Huang,Ya Zhang,Wei Song,Xiaoxin Wang,Shengnan Liang,Xu Ma,Guanghui Li
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Correction to: Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally linked to educational attainment? Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-10
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Cohort Profile Update: 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study follow-up during adolescent years. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues,Iná S Santos,Isabel Oliveira Bierhals,Bianca Del-Ponte,Joseph Murray,Renata Bielemann,Tiago N Munhoz,Inácio Crochemore-Silva,Isabel O de Oliveira,Fernando C Barros,Aluísio J D Barros,Alicia Matijasevich
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Independent relevance of adiposity measures to coronary heart disease risk among 0.5 million adults in UK Biobank Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Eirini Trichia, Debbie E Malden, Danyao Jin, Neil Wright, Hannah Taylor, Fredrik Karpe, Paul Sherliker, Federico Murgia, Jemma C Hopewell, Ben Lacey, Jonathan Emberson, Derrick Bennett, Sarah Lewington
Background Evidence on body fat distribution shows opposing effects of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) for coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to investigate the causality and the shape of such associations. Methods UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million adults aged 40–69 years recruited between 2006 and 2010. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations
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Time-varying treatment effect modification of oral analgesic effectiveness by depressive symptoms in knee osteoarthritis: an application of structural nested mean models in a prospective cohort Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Alan M Rathbun, Michelle D Shardell, Joseph J Gallo, Alice S Ryan, Elizabeth A Stuart, Megan S Schuler, Yu Dong, Brock Beamer, Rhea Mehta, Jason E Peer, Marc C Hochberg
Background Depressive symptoms are common in knee osteoarthritis (OA), exacerbate knee pain severity and may influence outcomes of oral analgesic treatments. The aim was to assess whether oral analgesic effectiveness in knee OA varies by fluctuations in depressive symptoms. Methods The sample included Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) participants not treated with oral analgesics at enrolment (n = 1477)
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Population-level detection of early loss of kidney function: 7-year follow-up of a young adult cohort at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Marvin Gonzalez-Quiroz, Brianna Heggeseth, Armando Camacho, Amin Oomatia, Ali M Al-Rashed, Yixuan Zhang, Alexander McCreight, Nicholas Jewel, Aurora Aragon, Dorothea Nitsch, Neil Pearce, Ben Caplin
Background Mesoamerican nephropathy is a leading contributor to premature mortality in Central America. Efforts to identify the cause are hampered by difficulties in distinguishing associations with potential initiating factors from common exposures thought to exacerbate the progression of all forms of established chronic kidney disease (CKD). We explored evidence of disease onset or departure from
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Cohort Profile: The Jiangsu Birth Cohort. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-04 Jiangbo Du,Yuan Lin,Yankai Xia,Hongxia Ma,Yangqian Jiang,Chuncheng Lu,Wei Wu,Minjian Chen,Yang Zhao,Juncheng Dai,Guangfu Jin,Jiayin Liu,Jiahao Sha,Hongbing Shen,Zhibin Hu,
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The case for counting multiple causes of death in the COVID-19 era. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Marie-Pier Petit,Nadine Ouellette,Robert Bourbeau
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Investigation of the structure and magnitude of time-varying uncontrolled confounding in simulated cohort data analyzed using g-computation. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-28 Melissa Soohoo,Onyebuchi A Arah
BACKGROUND When estimating the effect of time-varying exposures on longer-term outcomes, the assumption of conditional exchangeability or no uncontrolled confounding extends beyond baseline confounding to include time-varying confounding. We illustrate the structures and magnitude of uncontrolled time-varying confounding in exposure effect estimates obtained from g-computation when sequential conditional
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Data Resource Profile: Results Analysis Base of Navarre (BARDENA). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-28 Javier Gorricho,Leire Leache,Ibai Tamayo,Francisco Sánchez-Sáez,Maite Almirantearena,Edurne San Román,Jerónimo Ballaz,Javier Turumbay,Julián Librero
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MTHFR and risk of stroke and heart disease in a low-folate population: a prospective study of 156 000 Chinese adults. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-28 Derrick A Bennett,Sarah Parish,Iona Y Millwood,Yu Guo,Yiping Chen,Iain Turnbull,Ling Yang,Jun Lv,Canqing Yu,George Davey Smith,Yongjun Wang,Yilong Wang,Richard Peto,Rory Collins,Robin G Walters,Liming Li,Zhengming Chen,Robert Clarke,
BACKGROUND The relevance of folic acid for stroke prevention in low-folate populations such as in China is uncertain. Genetic studies of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism, which increases plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels, could clarify the causal relevance of elevated tHcy levels for stroke, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and other diseases in populations without folic
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Data Resource Profile: Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre Data Connect. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Alex Lee,Damien McCarthy,Rebecca J Bergin,Allison Drosdowsky,Javiera Martinez Gutierrez,Chris Kearney,Sally Philip,Meena Rafiq,Brent Venning,Olivia Wawryk,Jianrong Zhang,Jon Emery
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Body mass index trajectories and mortality risk in Japan using a population-based prospective cohort study: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Nao Yamamoto,Keisuke Ejima,Luis M Mestre,Arthur H Owora,Manami Inoue,Shoichiro Tsugane,Norie Sawada
BACKGROUND Recent studies have found that long-term changes in weight during adulthood are associated with a high risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to characterize body mass index (BMI) trajectories during adulthood and to examine the association between BMI trajectories and risk of death in the Japanese population. METHODS The data were extracted from Japan Public Health Center-based
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Cohort Profile Update: Project Viva mothers. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman,Izzuddin M Aris,Karen M Switkowski,Jessica Young,Abby F Fleisch,Tamarra James-Todd,Ami R Zota,Wei Perng,Marie-France Hivert,Janet W Rich-Edwards,Melissa Perez Capotosto,Jorge E Chavarro,Emily Oken
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Cohort Profile: Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Andre F S Amaral,James Potts,Ben Knox-Brown,Emmanouil Bagkeris,Imed Harrabi,Hamid Hacene Cherkaski,Dhiraj Agarwal,Sanjay Juvekar,Mahesh Padukudru Anand,Thorarinn Gislason,Asaad Ahmed Nafees,Kevin Mortimer,Christer Janson,Li Cher Loh,Stefanni Nonna Paraguas,Meriam Denguezli,Mohammed Al Ghobain,David Mannino,Martin W Njoroge,Graham Devereux,Terence Seemungal,Cristina Barbara,Ali Kocabaş,Rana Ahmed,Althea
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Countrywide analysis of heat- and cold-related mortality trends in the Czech Republic: growing inequalities under recent climate warming Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Tomáš Janoš, Joan Ballester, Pavel Čupr, Hicham Achebak
Background Only little is known about trends in temperature–mortality associations among the most vulnerable subgroups, especially in the areas of central and eastern Europe, which are considered major climatic hotspots in terms of heatwave exposure. Thus, we aimed to assess trends in temperature-related mortality in the Czech Republic by sex, age and cause of death, and to quantify the temporal evolution
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Waterpipe tobacco smoking and risk of all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Phuoc Hong Le, Can Van Phan, Dung Thuy Thi Truong, Nguyet Minh Ho, Ikeda Shuyna, Ngoan Tran Le
Background Despite an increasing proportion of smokers who use non-cigarette products, the harmfulness of these is inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of waterpipe tobacco (WTP) smoking on all-cause mortality. Methods A prospective cohort study followed up on 35 646 participants from 2007 to 2019 in Northern Viet Nam. Data for each type of cigarette and WTP smoking were collected
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Observational methods for COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness research: an empirical evaluation and target trial emulation Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-14 Martí Català, Edward Burn, Trishna Rathod-Mistry, Junqing Xie, Antonella Delmestri, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Annika M Jödicke
Background There are scarce data on best practices to control for confounding in observational studies assessing vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19. We compared the performance of three well-established methods [overlap weighting, inverse probability treatment weighting and propensity score (PS) matching] to minimize confounding when comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated people. Subsequently
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How to check a simulation study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-14 Ian R White, Tra My Pham, Matteo Quartagno, Tim P Morris
Simulation studies are powerful tools in epidemiology and biostatistics, but they can be hard to conduct successfully. Sometimes unexpected results are obtained. We offer advice on how to check a simulation study when this occurs, and how to design and conduct the study to give results that are easier to check. Simulation studies should be designed to include some settings in which answers are already
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Modelling counterfactual incidence during the transition towards culture-independent diagnostic testing Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Jessica M Healy, Logan Ray, Danielle M Tack, Dana Eikmeier, Melissa Tobin-D’Angelo, Elisha Wilson, Sharon Hurd, Sarah Lathrop, Suzanne M McGuire, Beau B Bruce
Background Culture-independent diagnostic testing (CIDT) provides rapid results to clinicians and is quickly displacing traditional detection methods. Increased CIDT use and sensitivity likely result in higher case detection but might also obscure infection trends. Severe illness outcomes, such as hospitalization and death, are likely less affected by changes in testing practices and can be used as
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Excess mortality in US Veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic: an individual-level cohort study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-07 Daniel M Weinberger, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Caroline Korves, Brian P Lucas, Jesse A Columbo, Anita Vashi, Louise Davies, Amy C Justice, Christopher T Rentsch
Background Most analyses of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic have employed aggregate data. Individual-level data from the largest integrated healthcare system in the US may enhance understanding of excess mortality. Methods We performed an observational cohort study following patients receiving care from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) between 1 March 2018 and 28 February 2022
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Cohort Profile: ChinaHEART (Health Evaluation And risk Reduction through nationwide Teamwork) Cohort. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Runsi Wang,Yang Yang,Jiapeng Lu,Jianlan Cui,Wei Xu,Lijuan Song,Chaoqun Wu,Xiaoyan Zhang,Hao Dai,Hui Zhong,Binbin Jin,Wenyan He,Yan Zhang,Hao Yang,Yunfeng Wang,Xingyi Zhang,Xi Li,Shengshou Hu
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Solid cancer mortality among US radiation workers. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Richard Wakeford
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The dose-response relationship of pre-menopausal alcohol consumption with age at menopause: a population study of 280 497 women in Norway. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Julie R Langås,Anne Eskild,Solveig Hofvind,Elisabeth K Bjelland
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that alcohol consumption is associated with high age at menopause. Yet, knowledge about the dose-response relationship is inconsistent. Thus, we studied the pattern of the association of pre-menopausal alcohol consumption with age at natural menopause. METHODS We performed a retrospective population-based study using self-reported data from 280 497 women aged 50-69 years
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Objective measures of smoking and caffeine intake and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Roshan J Selvaratnam,Ulla Sovio,Emma Cook,Francesca Gaccioli,D Stephen Charnock-Jones,Gordon C S Smith
BACKGROUND In pregnancy, women are encouraged to cease smoking and limit caffeine intake. We employed objective definitions of smoking and caffeine exposure to assess their association with adverse outcomes. METHODS We conducted a case cohort study within the Pregnancy Outcome Prediction study to analyse maternal serum metabolomics in samples from 12, 20, 28 and 36 weeks of gestational age. Objective
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Improving the quality of the Global Burden of Disease tuberculosis estimates from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Peter J Dodd,Christopher Finn McQuaid,Prasada Rao,Ibrahim Abubakar,Nimalan Arinaminpathy,Anna Carnegie,Frank Cobelens,David Dowdy,Kathy Fiekert,Alison D Grant,Jing Wu,Faith Nekabari Nfii,Nabila Shaikh,Rein M G J Houben,Richard G White
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Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy in Australia, 2020-22 Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Tim Adair, Brian Houle, Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Background Australia provides a valuable international case study of life expectancy during the pandemic. In contrast to many other countries, it experienced relatively stringent restrictions and low COVID-19 mortality during 2020–21, followed by relaxation of these restrictions when high vaccination rates were achieved. This study measures Australia’s life expectancy trends and the contributions of
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Authors' response: Solid cancer mortality among US radiation workers. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-23 Kaitlin Kelly-Reif,Steven Bertke,Robert D Daniels,David B Richardson,Mary K Schubauer-Berigan
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Night shift work characteristics and risk of incident coronary heart disease among health care workers: national cohort study. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-23 Jesper Medom Vestergaard,Annett Dalbøge,Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde,Anne Helene Garde,Johnni Hansen,Åse Marie Hansen,Ann Dyreborg Larsen,Mikko Härmä,Sadie Costello,Morten Böttcher,Henrik Albert Kolstad
BACKGROUND Night work has been associated with coronary heart disease. The present study examined exposure-response relations between quantitative night work characteristics and coronary heart disease (angina pectoris or myocardial infarction) with the aim to contribute to evidence-based recommendations for low-risk night work schedules. METHODS We followed 100 149 night workers (80% women) and 153 882 day
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Communicating and understanding statistical measures when quantifying the between-group difference in competing risks. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Hongji Wu,Chengfeng Zhang,Yawen Hou,Zheng Chen
Competing risks issues are common in clinical trials and epidemiological studies for patients in follow-up who may experience a variety of possible outcomes. Under such competing risks, two hazard-based statistical methods, cause-specific hazard (CSH) and subdistribution hazard (SDH), are frequently used to assess treatment effects among groups. However, the outcomes of the CSH-based and SDH-based
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A new method of estimating prevalence of childhood cancer survivors (POCCS): example of the 20-year prevalence in The Netherlands. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Andrea Gini,Murielle Colombet,Neimar de Paula Silva,Otto Visser,Danny Youlden,Isabelle Soerjomataram,Charles A Stiller,Eva Steliarova-Foucher,
BACKGROUND Estimating the number of childhood cancer survivors is crucial for cancer control, including clinical guidelines. To compare estimates across countries despite data sharing restrictions, we propose a new method of computing limited-duration prevalence of childhood cancer survivors (POCCS) using aggregated data. METHODS We developed a Markov model that simulates, for each calendar year and
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Associations of maternal motor vehicle crashes during pregnancy with offspring's neonatal birth outcomes. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Ya-Hui Chang,Yu-Wen Chien,Chiung-Hsin Chang,Ping-Ling Chen,Tsung-Hsueh Lu,I-Lin Hsu,Chung-Yi Li
BACKGROUND Adverse events in fetuses are well researched but studies on the follow-up health outcomes of infants exposed to maternal motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) during pregnancy have yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate the association of maternal exposure to MVCs during pregnancy with the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. METHODS This population-based cohort study used data
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Extreme temperature events and dementia mortality in Chinese adults: a population-based, case-crossover study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Tingting Liu, Chunxiang Shi, Jing Wei, Ruijun Xu, Yingxin Li, Rui Wang, Wenfeng Lu, Likun Liu, Chenghui Zhong, Zihua Zhong, Yi Zheng, Tingting Wang, Sihan Hou, Ziquan Lv, Suli Huang, Gongbo Chen, Yun Zhou, Hong Sun, Yuewei Liu
Background The effect of exposure to extreme temperature events (ETEs) on dementia mortality remains largely unknown. We aimed to quantify the association of ETE exposure with dementia mortality. Methods We conducted a population-based, case-crossover study among 57 791 dementia deaths in Jiangsu province, China, during 2015–20. Daily mean temperatures were extracted from a validated grid dataset at
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Safety of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac during pregnancy on birth outcomes and neonatal mortality: a cohort study from Brazil Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Pilar Tavares Veras Florentino, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Luciana Freire De Carvalho, Flávia Jôse Oliveira Alves, Vinicius De Araújo Oliveira, Gislani Mateus Oliveira Aguilar, Rodrigo De Sousa Prado, Daniel Soranz, Neil Pearce, Viviane Boaventura, Guilherme Loreiro Werneck, Gerson Oliveira Penna, Mauricio Lima Barreto, Márcio Henrique De Oliveira Garcia, Manoel Barral-Netto, Enny Santos da Paixão
Background COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to protect pregnant individuals against mild and severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, limited safety data are available for inactivated (CoronaVac) and mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccines during pregnancy regarding their effect on birth outcomes and neonatal mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based
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Software Application Profile: dynamicLM—a tool for performing dynamic risk prediction using a landmark supermodel for survival data under competing risks Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Anya H Fries, Eunji Choi, Julie T Wu, Justin H Lee, Victoria Y Ding, Robert J Huang, Su-Ying Liang, Heather A Wakelee, Lynne R Wilkens, Iona Cheng, Summer S Han
Motivation Providing a dynamic assessment of prognosis is essential for improved personalized medicine. The landmark model for survival data provides a potentially powerful solution to the dynamic prediction of disease progression. However, a general framework and a flexible implementation of the model that incorporates various outcomes, such as competing events, have been lacking. We present an R