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"We adjusted for race" now what: A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in AJE and Epidemiology, 2020-2021. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Monica E Swilley-Martinez,Serita A Coles,Vanessa E Miller,Ishrat Z Alam,Kate Vinita Fitch,Theresa H Cruz,Bernadette Hohl,Regan Murray,Shabbar I Ranapurwala
Race is a social construct, commonly used in epidemiologic research to adjust for confounding. However, adjustment of race may mask racial disparities thereby perpetuating structural racism. We conducted a systematic review of articles published in Epidemiology and American Journal of Epidemiology between 2020 and 2021 to 1) understand how race, ethnicity, and similar social constructs were operationalized
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A systematic review of how social connectedness impacts associations between racism and discrimination on health outcomes. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Yusuf Ransome,Alberto D Valido,Dorothy L Espelage,Graceson L Clements,Crystal Harrell,Caroline Eckel,Natalie Price,Rachel Nassau,Kate Nyhan,Tamara L Taggart
Racial discrimination is a well-known risk factor of racial disparities in health. While progress has been made in identifying multiple levels through which racism and racial discrimination influences health, less is known about social factors that may buffer racism's associations with health. We conducted a systematic review of the literature with a specific focus on social connectedness, racism,
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Systematic review of how racialized health inequities are addressed in Epidemiologic Reviews articles (1979-2021): a critical conceptual and empirical content analysis and recommendations for best practices. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Dena Javadi,Audrey R Murchland,Tamara Rushovich,Emily Wright,Anna Shchetinina,Anna C Siefkas,Kieran P Todd,Julian Gitelman,Enjoli Hall,Jhordan O Wynne,Nishan Zewge-Abubaker,Nancy Krieger
Critical analysis of the determinants of current and changing racialized health inequities, including the central role of racism, is an urgent priority for epidemiology, for both original research studies and epidemiologic review articles. Motivating our systematic overview review of Epidemiologic Reviews articles is the critical role of epidemiologic reviews in shaping discourse, research priorities
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East is East … or Is it? Racialization of Asian, Middle Eastern, and Pacific Islander Persons. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Gilbert C Gee,Jessie Chien,Mienah Z Sharif,Corina Penaia,Emma Tran
The conventional use of racial categories in health research naturalizes "race" in problematic ways that ignore how racial categories function in service of a white-dominated racial hierarchy. In many respects, racial labels are based on geographic designations. For instance, "Asians" are from Asia. Yet, this is not always a tenable proposition. For example, Afghanistan resides in South Asia, and shares
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At the intersection of race and immigration: A comprehensive review of depression and related symptoms within the US Black population. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Precious Esie,Lisa M Bates
While the literature on Black-white differences in major depressive disorder (MDD) and related self-reported symptoms is robust, less robust is the literature on how these outcomes are patterned within the US Black population and why differences exist. Given increased ethnic diversity of Black Americans due to rises in immigration, continued aggregation has the potential to mask differences between
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Mental health burdens among North American Asian Adults living with chronic conditions: a systematic review. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-06 Jessica Y Islam,Nina S Parikh,Hope Lappen,Vandana Venkat,Priyanka Nalkar,Farzana Kapadia
Asians are likely to experience a high burden of chronic conditions, including but not limited to, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, due to differences in biologic, genetic, and environmental factors across Asian ethnic groups. A diagnosis of any chronic condition can contribute to increased mental health burdens, including depression, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress disorder
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The measurement of racism in health inequities research. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-05 Marina Mautner Wizentier,Briana Joy K Stephenson,Melody S Goodman
There is limited literature on the measures and metrics used to examine racism in the health inequities literature. Health inequities research is continuously evolving with the number of publications increasing over time. However, there is limited knowledge on the best measures and methods to examine the impact of different levels of racism (institutionalized, personally mediated, and internalized)
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Methods for Retrospectively Improving Race/Ethnicity Data Quality: A Scoping Review. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Matthew K Chin,Lan N Đoàn,Rienna G Russo,Timothy Roberts,Sonia Persaud,Emily Huang,Lauren Fu,Kiran Y Kui,Simona C Kwon,Stella S Yi
Improving race/ethnicity data quality is imperative to ensuring underserved populations are represented in datasets used to identify health disparities and inform healthcare policy. We performed a scoping review of methods that retrospectively improve race/ethnicity classification in secondary datasets. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines
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Misracialization of Indigenous People in Population Health and Mortality Studies: A Scoping Review to Establish Promising Practices. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2023-04-06 Danielle R Gartner,Ceco Maples,Madeline Nash,Heather Howard-Bobiwash
Indigenous people are often misracialized or misclassified as other racial or ethnic identities in population health research. This misclassification leads to underestimation of Indigenous-specific mortality and health metrics, and subsequently, inadequate resource allocation. In recognition of this problem, investigators around the world have devised analytic methods to address racial misclassification
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Using Trial and Observational Data to Assess Effectiveness: Trial Emulation, Transportability, Benchmarking, and Joint Analysis. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2023-02-08 Issa J Dahabreh,Anthony Matthews,Jon A Steingrimsson,Daniel O Scharfstein,Elizabeth A Stuart
Comparisons between randomized trial analyses and observational analyses that attempt to address similar research questions have generated many controversies in epidemiology and the social sciences. There has been little consensus on when such comparisons are reasonable, what their implications are for the validity of observational analyses, or whether trial and observational analyses can be integrated
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Randomized Trials With Repeatedly Measured Outcomes: Handling Irregular and Potentially Informative Assessment Times. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Eleanor M Pullenayegum,Daniel O Scharfstein
Randomized trials are often designed to collect outcomes at fixed points in time after randomization. In practice, the number and timing of outcome assessments can vary among participants (i.e., irregular assessment). In fact, the timing of assessments may be associated with the outcome of interest (i.e., informative assessment). For example, in a trial evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for
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A Qualitative Scoping Review of Early-Terminated Clinical Trials Sponsored by the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program From 2010 to 2020. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Alexa Goldberg,Ludmila N Bakhireva,Kimberly Page,Adam M Henrie
Increasing attention has been paid to the risks and benefits of terminating large clinical trials before reaching prespecified targets, because such decisions can greatly affect the implementation of findings. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) is a research infrastructure dedicated to conducting high-quality clinical research. A scoping review was performed to
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Inclusionary Trials: A Review of Lessons Not Learned. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Paris B Adkins-Jackson,Nancy J Burke,Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa,Juliana M Ison,Susan D Goold,Lisa G Rosas,Chyke A Doubeni,Arleen F Brown,
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed weaknesses in the public health infrastructure of the United States, including persistent barriers to engaging marginalized communities toward inclusion in clinical research, including trials. Inclusive participation in clinical trials is crucial for promoting vaccine confidence, public trust, and addressing disparate health outcomes. A long-standing body of literature
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Addressing Health Inequities in Digital Clinical Trials: A Review of Challenges and Solutions From the Field of HIV Research. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Andrea L Wirtz,Carmen H Logie,Lawrence Mbuagbaw
Clinical trials are considered the gold standard for establishing efficacy of health interventions, thus determining which interventions are brought to scale in health care and public health programs. Digital clinical trials, broadly defined as trials that have partial to full integration of technology across implementation, interventions, and/or data collection, are valued for increased efficiencies
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Econometric Issues in Prospective Economic Evaluations Alongside Clinical Trials: Combining the Nonparametric Bootstrap With Methods That Address Missing Data. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Ali Jalali,Rulla M Tamimi,Sterling M McPherson,Sean M Murphy
Prospective economic evaluations conducted alongside clinical trials have become an increasingly popular approach in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a public health initiative or treatment intervention. These types of economic studies provide improved internal validity and accuracy of cost and effectiveness estimates of health interventions and, compared with simulation or decision-analytic models
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Comparing the Value of Data Visualization Methods for Communicating Harms in Clinical Trials. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Riaz Qureshi,Xiwei Chen,Carsten Goerg,Evan Mayo-Wilson,Stephanie Dickinson,Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo,Hwanhee Hong,Rachel Phillips,Victoria Cornelius,Mara McAdams DeMarco,Eliseo Guallar,Tianjing Li
In clinical trials, harms (i.e., adverse events) are often reported by simply counting the number of people who experienced each event. Reporting only frequencies ignores other dimensions of the data that are important for stakeholders, including severity, seriousness, rate (recurrence), timing, and groups of related harms. Additionally, application of selection criteria to harms prevents most from
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A Review of the Ring Trial Design for Evaluating Ring Interventions for Infectious Diseases. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Zachary Butzin-Dozier,Tejas S Athni,Jade Benjamin-Chung
In trials of infectious disease interventions, rare outcomes and unpredictable spatiotemporal variation can introduce bias, reduce statistical power, and prevent conclusive inferences. Spillover effects can complicate inference if individual randomization is used to gain efficiency. Ring trials are a type of cluster-randomized trial that may increase efficiency and minimize bias, particularly in emergency
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Closing the Gap Between Observational Research and Randomized Controlled Trials for Prevention of Alzheimer Disease and Dementia. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Melinda C Power,Brittany C Engelman,Jingkai Wei,M Maria Glymour
Although observational studies have identified modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of risk factor modification for ADRD prevention have been inconsistent or inconclusive. This finding suggests a need to improve translation between observational studies and RCTs. However, many common features of observational studies reduce
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The Conundrum of Clinical Trials for the Uveitides: Appropriate Outcome Measures for One Treatment Used in Several Diseases. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Douglas A Jabs,Meghan K Berkenstock,Michael M Altaweel,Janet T Holbrook,Elizabeth A Sugar,
The uveitides consist of >30 diseases characterized by intraocular inflammation. Noninfectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitides typically are treated with oral corticosteroids and immunosuppression, with a similar treatment approach for most diseases. Because these uveitides collectively are considered a rare disease, single-disease trials are difficult to impractical to recruit for, and most
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A Systematic Review of Simulation Models to Track and Address the Opioid Crisis Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-13 Cerdá M, Jalali M, Hamilton A, et al.
AbstractThe opioid overdose crisis is driven by an intersecting set of social, structural, and economic forces. Simulation models offer a tool to help us understand and address this complex, dynamic, and nonlinear social phenomenon. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on simulation models of opioid use and overdose up to September 2019. We extracted modeling types, target populations
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Epidemiologic Methods: Seeing the Forest and the Trees. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2022-01-14 Kara E Rudolph,Bryan Lau
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Monte Carlo Simulation Approaches for Quantitative Bias Analysis: A Tutorial Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 Banack H, Hayes-Larson E, Mayeda E.
AbstractQuantitative bias analysis can be used to empirically assess how far study estimates are from the truth (i.e., an estimate that is free of bias). These methods can be used to explore the potential impact of confounding bias, selection bias (collider stratification bias), and information bias. Quantitative bias analysis includes methods that can be used to check the robustness of study findings
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The Measurement Error Elephant in the Room: Challenges and Solutions to Measurement Error in Epidemiology Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 Innes G, Bhondoekhan F, Lau B, et al.
AbstractMeasurement error, although ubiquitous, is uncommonly acknowledged and rarely assessed or corrected in epidemiologic studies. This review offers a straightforward guide to common problems caused by measurement error in research studies and a review of several accessible bias-correction methods for epidemiologists and data analysts. Although most correction methods require criterion validation
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The Revolution Will Be Hard to Evaluate: How Co-Occurring Policy Changes Affect Research on the Health Effects of Social Policies Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Matthay E, Hagan E, Joshi S, et al.
AbstractExtensive empirical health research leverages variation in the timing and location of policy changes as quasi-experiments. Multiple social policies may be adopted simultaneously in the same locations, creating co-occurrence that must be addressed analytically for valid inferences. The pervasiveness and consequences of co-occurring policies have received limited attention. We analyzed a systematic
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Assumptions Not Often Assessed or Satisfied in Published Mediation Analyses in Psychology and Psychiatry Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-09-22 Stuart E, Schmid I, Nguyen T, et al.
AbstractMediation analysis aims to investigate the mechanisms of action behind the effects of interventions or treatments. Given the history and common use of mediation in mental health research, we conducted this review to understand how mediation analysis is implemented in psychology and psychiatry and whether analyses adhere to, address, or justify the key underlying assumptions of their approaches
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Is the Way Forward to Step Back? Documenting the Frequency With Which Study Goals Are Misaligned With Study Methods and Interpretations in the Epidemiologic Literature Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-09-17 Kezios K.
AbstractIn any research study, there is an underlying process that should begin with a clear articulation of the study’s goal. The study’s goal drives this process; it determines many study features, including the estimand of interest, the analytic approaches that can be used to estimate it, and which coefficients, if any, should be interpreted. Misalignment can occur in this process when analytic
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Evolution and Reproducibility of Simulation Modeling in Epidemiology and Health Policy Over Half a Century Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-09-09 Jalali M, DiGennaro C, Guitar A, et al.
AbstractSimulation models are increasingly being used to inform epidemiologic studies and health policy, yet there is great variation in their transparency and reproducibility. In this review, we provide an overview of applications of simulation models in health policy and epidemiology, analyze the use of best reporting practices, and assess the reproducibility of the models using predefined, categorical
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Assessment of Physical Activity in Adults Using Wrist Accelerometers Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-07-02 Liu F, Wanigatunga A, Schrack J.
AbstractThe health benefits of physical activity (PA) have been widely recognized, yet traditional measures of PA, including questionnaires and category-based assessments of volume and intensity, provide only broad estimates of daily activities. Accelerometers have advanced epidemiologic research on PA by providing objective and continuous measurement of PA in free-living conditions. Wrist-worn accelerometers
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What to Do When Everything Happens at Once: Analytic Approaches to Estimate the Health Effects of Co-Occurring Social Policies Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-06-22 Ellicott C Matthay, Laura M Gottlieb, David Rehkopf, May Lynn Tan, David Vlahov, M Maria Glymour
Social policies have great potential to improve population health and reduce health disparities. Increasingly, those doing empirical research have sought to quantify the health effects of social policies by exploiting variation in the timing of policy changes across places. Multiple social policies are often adopted simultaneously or in close succession in the same locations, creating co-occurrence
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Matching Methods for Confounder Adjustment: An Addition to the Epidemiologist’s Toolbox Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-06-10 Greifer N, Stuart E.
AbstractPropensity score weighting and outcome regression are popular ways to adjust for observed confounders in epidemiologic research. Here, we provide an introduction to matching methods, which serve the same purpose but can offer advantages in robustness and performance. A key difference between matching and weighting methods is that matching methods do not directly rely on the propensity score
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Longitudinal Methods for Modeling Exposures in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Pregnancy Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-06-08 Wood M, Lupattelli A, Palmsten K, et al.
AbstractIn many perinatal pharmacoepidemiologic studies, exposure to a medication is classified as “ever exposed” versus “never exposed” within each trimester or even over the entire pregnancy. This approach is often far from real-world exposure patterns, may lead to exposure misclassification, and does not to incorporate important aspects such as dosage, timing of exposure, and treatment duration
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Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance: Compared to What? Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-12 de Kraker M, Lipsitch M.
AbstractThe increased focus on the public health burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) raises conceptual challenges, such as determining how much harm multidrug-resistant organisms do compared to what, or how to establish the burden. Here, we present a counterfactual framework and provide guidance to harmonize methodologies and optimize study quality. In AMR-burden studies, 2 counterfactual approaches
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Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance: Compared to What? Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-12 Marlieke E A de Kraker,Marc Lipsitch
There has been an increased focus on the public health burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This raises conceptual challenges such as determining how much harm multi-drug resistant organisms do compared to what, or how to establish the burden. In this viewpoint we will present a counterfactual framework and provide guidance to harmonize methodologies and optimize study quality. In AMR burden studies
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Introduction Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 David Celentano
AbstractThe epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) since 2012 has been largely characterized by recurrent zoonotic spillover from dromedary camels followed by limited human-to-human transmission, predominantly in health-care settings. The full extent of infection of MERS-CoV is not clear, nor is the extent and/or role of asymptomatic infections in transmission. We conducted
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A Review of Asymptomatic and Subclinical Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-29 Rebecca Grant,Mamunur Rahman Malik,Amgad Elkholy,Maria D Van Kerkhove
AbstractThe epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) since 2012 has been largely characterized by recurrent zoonotic spillover from dromedary camels followed by limited human-to-human transmission, predominantly in health-care settings. The full extent of infection of MERS-CoV is not clear, nor is the extent and/or role of asymptomatic infections in transmission. We conducted
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Policing Practices and Risk of HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Baker P, Beletsky L, Avalos L, et al.
AbstractDrug-law enforcement constitutes a structural determinant of health among people who inject drugs (PWID). Street encounters between police and PWID (e.g., syringe confiscation, physical assault) have been associated with health harms, but these relationships have not been systematically assessed. We conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the contribution of policing to risk of
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The Evolving Overdose Epidemic: Synthetic Opioids and Rising Stimulant-Related Harms Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 Jones C, Bekheet F, Park J, et al.
AbstractThe opioid overdose epidemic is typically described as having occurred in 3 waves, with morbidity and mortality accruing over time principally from prescription opioids (1999–2010), heroin (2011–2013), and illicit fentanyl and other synthetic opioids (2014–present). However, the increasing presence of synthetic opioids mixed into the illicit drug supply, including with stimulants such as cocaine
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Assessment of Co-Occurring Substance Use During Opiate Treatment Programs in the United States Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 Gormley M, Blondino C, Taylor D, et al.
AbstractThe effectiveness of opiate treatment programs (OTPs) can be significantly influenced by co-occurring substance use, yet there are no standardized guidelines for assessing the influence of co-occurring substance use on treatment outcomes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on the status of the assessment of co-occurring substance use during participation in OTPs in the United States
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Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Rachel E Gicquelais, Dan Werb, Charles Marks, Carolyn Ziegler, Shruti H Mehta, Becky L Genberg, Ayden I Scheim
Preventing the transition to injection drug use is an important public health goal, as people who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for overdose and acquisition of infectious disease. Initiation into drug injection is primarily a social process, often involving PWID assistance. A better understanding of the epidemiology of this phenomenon would inform interventions to prevent injection initiation
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Drug Use Disorders and Violence: Associations With Individual Drug Categories Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 Zhong S, Yu R, Fazel S.
AbstractWe conducted a systematic review that examined the link between individual drug categories and violent outcomes. We searched for primary case-control and cohort investigations that reported risk of violence against others among individuals diagnosed with drug use disorders using validated clinical criteria, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines
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Prescription Opioid Use Among Populations of Reproductive Age: Effects on Fertility, Pregnancy Loss, and Pregnancy Complications Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Kerry S Flannagan, Lindsey A Sjaarda, Sunni L Mumford, Enrique F Schisterman
Prescription opioid use is common among men and women of reproductive age, including during assisted-reproduction procedures. Opioid use disorder and chronic use are associated with harms to fertility and pregnancy outcomes, but it is unclear whether these associations extend to common short-term patterns of prescription opioid use. We conducted a literature review using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science
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The Role of Evidence in the US Response to the Opioid Crisis Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 Sharfstein J, Olsen Y.
AbstractThe National Institutes of Health is investing hundreds of millions of dollars into new research on opioids. As these studies yield insights and results, their results will have to change policy and practice before they can bend the curve of the epidemic. However, the United States does not have a strong track record of translating evidence on drug policy into action. Three reasons for the
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The Influence of Co-Occurring Substance Use on the Effectiveness of Opiate Treatment Programs According to Intervention Type Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Courtney T Blondino, Mirinda Ann Gormley, DaShaunda D H Taylor, Elizabeth Lowery, James S Clifford, Benjamin Burkart, Whitney C Graves, Juan Lu, Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley
This systematic review describes the influence of co-occurring substance use on the effectiveness of opiate treatment programs. MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched from database inception to November 28, 2018, to identify eligible opioid treatment studies in the United States that assessed the relationship between co-occurring
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Availability, Accessibility, and Coverage of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons in the European Union Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-09-11 Moazen B, Dolan K, Saeedi Moghaddam S, et al.
AbstractNeedle and syringe programs (NSPs) are among the most effective interventions for controlling the transmission of infection among people who inject drugs in prisons. We evaluated the availability, accessibility, and coverage of NSPs in prisons in European Union (EU) countries. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, we systematically
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Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Indigenous Populations in the United States and Canada. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-29 Veronica Bruce,Jonathan Eldredge,Yuridia Leyva,Jorge Mera,Kevin English,Kimberly Page
American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Canadian Indigenous people are disproportionally affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection yet are frequently underrepresented in epidemiologic studies and surveys often used to inform public health efforts. We performed a systematic review of published and unpublished literature and summarized our findings on HCV prevalence in these Indigenous populations
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Forecasting the 2014 West African Ebola Outbreak. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-29 Cristina Carias,Justin J O'Hagan,Manoj Gambhir,Emily B Kahn,David L Swerdlow,Martin I Meltzer
In 2014–2015, a large Ebola outbreak afflicted Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. We performed a systematic review of 26 manuscripts, published between 2014 and April 2015, that forecasted the West African Ebola outbreak while it was occurring, and we derived implications for how results could be interpreted by policymakers. Forecasted case counts varied widely. An important determinant of forecast
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The Many Faces of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-04 Justin Lessler,Walter A Orenstein
The emergence of disease threats can take many forms, from the adaptation of a traditionally zoonotic pathogen for efficient spread in humans, to the development of antibiotic resistance in well-known pathogens, to the creation of new niches for established disease through social and societal changes. In this commentary, the authors explore these various facets of disease emergence through the lens
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Postexposure Effects of Vaccines on Infectious Diseases. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-01-31 Tara Gallagher,Marc Lipsitch
We searched the PubMed database for clinical trials and observational human studies about postexposure vaccination effects, targeting infections with approved vaccines and vaccines licensed outside the United States against dengue, hepatitis E, malaria, and tick-borne encephalitis. Studies of animal models, serologic testing, and pipeline vaccines were excluded. Eligible studies were evaluated by definition
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Advances in Data-Driven Responses to Preventing Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Across Health-Care Settings. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-04 Scott K Fridkin
Among the most urgent and serious threats to public health are 7 antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections predominately acquired during health-care delivery. There is an emerging field of health-care epidemiology that is focused on preventing health care–associated infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and incorporates data from patient transfers or patient movements within and between facilities
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CEPI: Driving Progress Toward Epidemic Preparedness and Response. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-01 Dimitrios Gouglas,Mario Christodoulou,Stanley A Plotkin,Richard Hatchett
The Coalition of Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) was formed in the aftermath of the 2014-15 Ebola outbreak in west Africa to support the development of vaccines that could improve the world's preparedness against outbreaks of epidemic infectious diseases. Since its launch in 2017, CEPI has mobilised over US$ 750 million to support its mission to develop vaccines against agents such as Lassa
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Incubation Period of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-10-16 Adedoyin Awofisayo-Okuyelu,Julii Brainard,Ian Hall,Noel McCarthy
Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli are pathogenic bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Severe infections could lead to life-threatening complications, especially in young children and the elderly. Understanding the distribution of the incubation period, which is currently inconsistent and ambiguous, can help in controlling the burden of disease. We conducted a systematic review
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Dietary Inflammatory Potential and the Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Adults. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-09-30 Sorayya Kheirouri,Mohammad Alizadeh
Nutrition and diet have been suggested to enhance or inhibit cognitive performance and the risk of several neurodegenerative diseases. We conducted a systematic review to elucidate the relationship between the inflammatory capacity of a person’s diet and the risk of incident neurodegenerative diseases. We searched major medical databases for articles published through June 30, 2018. Original, full-text
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A Systematic Literature Review of Reviews on the Effectiveness of Chlamydia Testing. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-09-30 William Chi Wai Wong,Stephanie Tsz Hei Lau,Edmond Pui Hang Choi,Joseph D Tucker,Christopher K Fairley,John M Saunders
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection, causing significant morbidity and economic burden. Strategies like national screening programs or home-testing kits were introduced in some developed countries, yet their effectiveness remains controversial. In this systematic review, we examined reviews of chlamydia screening interventions to assess their effectiveness
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Global Geographical and Temporal Patterns of Seasonal Influenza and Associated Climatic Factors. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-09-30 Kunjal Dave,Patricia C Lee
Understanding geographical and temporal patterns of seasonal influenza can help strengthen influenza surveillance to early detect epidemics and inform influenza prevention and control programs. We examined variations in spatiotemporal patterns of seasonal influenza in different global regions and explored climatic factors that influence differences in influenza seasonality, through a systematic review
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A Review of Coccidioidomycosis in California: Exploring the Intersection of Land Use, Population Movement, and Climate Change. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-09-06 Dharshani Pearson,Keita Ebisu,Xiangmei Wu,Rupa Basu
California has seen a surge in coccidioidomycosis (valley fever), a disease spread by the Coccidioides immitis fungus found in soil throughout the state, particularly in the San Joaquin Valley. We reviewed epidemiologic studies in which outbreak and sporadic cases of coccidioidomycosis were examined, and we considered the possible relationship of these cases to environmental conditions, particularly
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Evaluation of the Epidemiologic Efficacy of Eradicating Helicobacter pylori on Development of Gastric Cancer. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-09-06 Fujiao Duan,Chunhua Song,Jintao Zhang,Peng Wang,Hua Ye,Liping Dai,Jianying Zhang,Kaijuan Wang
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori colonization has been reported to affect the progression of gastric cancer. A comprehensive literature search was performed from 1997 to 2017 using electronic databases. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (non-RCT) evaluated the effect of H. pylori eradication on development of gastric cancer. Four RCTs and 9 non-RCTs were
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Emerging Evidence for Infectious Causes of Cancer in the United States. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-01-31 Heidi E Brown,Leslie K Dennis,Priscilla Lauro,Purva Jain,Erin Pelley,Eyal Oren
Worldwide, infectious agents currently contribute to an estimated 15% of new cancer cases. Most of these (92%, or 2 million new cancer cases) are attributable to 4 infectious agents: Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis B and C viruses. A better understanding of how infectious agents relate to the US cancer burden may assist new diagnostic and treatment efforts. We review US-specific
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Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Humans: Control, Surveillance, and the One Health Approach. Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2019-01-31 Rodrigo Macedo Couto,Otavio T Ranzani,Eliseu Alves Waldman
Zoonotic tuberculosis is a reemerging infectious disease in high-income countries and a neglected one in low- and middle-income countries. Despite major advances in its control as a result of milk pasteurization, its global burden is unknown, especially due the lack of surveillance data. Additionally, very little is known about control strategies. The purpose of this review was to contextualize the
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Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Prescription Opioid–Related Outcomes in the United States Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-04-03 Victor Puac-Polanco, Stanford Chihuri, David S Fink, Magdalena Cerdá, Katherine M Keyes, Guohua Li
Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are a crucial component of federal and state governments’ response to the opioid epidemic. Evidence about the effectiveness of PDMPs in reducing prescription opioid–related adverse outcomes is mixed. We conducted a systematic review to examine whether PDMP implementation within the United States is associated with changes in 4 prescription opioid–related
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Adherence to and Retention in Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Young Adults Epidemiol. Rev. (IF 5.5) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 Viera A, Bromberg D, Whittaker S, et al.
AbstractThe volatile opioid epidemic is associated with higher levels of opioid use disorder (OUD) and negative health outcomes in adolescents and young adults. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) demonstrate the best evidence for treating OUD. Adherence to and retention in MOUD, defined as continuous engagement in treatment, among adolescents and young adults, however, is incompletely understood