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Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Ovary: An Update and Review. Part II - Pure Sex Cord and Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Kyle M Devins, Robert H Young, Esther Oliva
We review the time honored but still frequently challenging features of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and also emphasize new developments, including unusual morphologic appearances that, despite the relative rarity of many of the tumors, result in a disproportionate number of differential diagnostic problems, variant immunohistochemical profiles, and specific molecular and syndromic associations
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Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Ovary: An Update and Review. Part I-Pure Ovarian Stromal Tumors. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Kyle M Devins, Robert H Young, Esther Oliva
In two separate reviews, we reviews the time-honored but still frequently challenging features of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, and also emphasize new developments including unusual morphologic appearances that, despite the relative rarity of many of the tumors, result in a disproportionate number of differential diagnostic problems, variant immunohistochemical profiles, and specific molecular and
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Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Evolving Classification by Combined Morphologic and Molecular Means. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Christopher G Przybycin
Papillary renal cell carcinoma classification has evolved as a result of attentive morphologic observations by pathologists coupled with specific immunohistochemical, molecular, and clinical data. Refinement of this relatively common diagnostic category of renal neoplasia has resulted in the parsing out of specific renal cell carcinoma subtypes that no longer belong in the papillary renal cell carcinoma
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Glandular Lesions of the Urinary Bladder: Diagnostic and Molecular Updates. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Henning Reis, Gladell P Paner
Glandular lesions in the urinary tract or their associated pathologies can pose a diagnostic challenge. There is a variety of benign alterations and tumor types that need to be taken into account in differential diagnostic considerations. In recent times, efforts for better defining these alterations or lesions both on the histopathological and molecular levels have been undertaken. This article will
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Molecular Subtypes of Bladder Cancer: Component Signatures and Potential Value in Clinical Decision-making. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Joshua Warrick
Bladder cancer may be classified into "molecular subtypes" based on gene expression. These are associated with treatment response and patient outcomes. The gene expression signatures that define these subtypes are diverse, including signatures of epithelial differentiation, stromal involvement, cell cycle activity, and immune cell infiltration. Multiple different systems are described. While earlier
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Treatment-related Neuroendocrine Prostate Carcinoma-Diagnostic and Molecular Correlates. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Anuradha Gopalan
Treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer is a distinctive category of prostate cancer that arises after intensive suppression of the androgen receptor by next-generation therapeutic inhibition of androgen receptor signaling. The biological processes that set in motion the series of events resulting in transformation of adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine carcinoma include genomic (loss of tumor
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Understanding Factors that Influence Prognosis and Response to Therapy in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Liwei Jia, Lindsay G Cowell, Payal Kapur
In this review, we highlight and contextualize emerging morphologic prognostic and predictive factors in renal cell carcinoma. We focus on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common histologic subtype. Our understanding of the molecular characterization of ccRCC has dramatically improved in the last decade. Herein, we highlight how these discoveries have laid the foundation for new approaches
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Selected Case From the Arkadi M. Rywlin International Pathology Slide Seminar: Involvement of Skin and Soft Tissue by Erdheim-Chester Disease. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 David I Suster, Shira Ronen, Saul Suster
Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that preferentially involves long bones but can affect a variety of other organs. Initial presentation with extraskeletal involvement is not unusual and is most commonly observed in the central nervous system, heart, retroperitoneum, lungs, and skin. Initial presentation of the disease as a subcutaneous soft tissue mass is
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Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis: Current State and Future Implications. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Swati Satturwar, Anil V Parwani
In this modern era of digital pathology, artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostics for prostate cancer has become a hot topic. Multiple retrospective studies have demonstrated the benefits of AI-based diagnostic solutions for prostate cancer that includes improved prostate cancer detection, quantification, grading, interobserver concordance, cost and time savings, and a potential to reduce pathologists'
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Update on Selected High-grade Renal Cell Carcinomas of the Kidney: FH-deficient, ALK-rearranged, and Medullary Carcinomas. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-25 Ying-Bei Chen
High-grade renal cell carcinoma (RCC), often diagnosed at advanced stages, significantly contributes to renal cancer-related mortality. This review explores the progress in understanding specific subtypes of high-grade RCC, namely fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient RCC, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged RCC, and SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma, all of which are now recognized as
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Contemporary Updates on Sex Cord-stromal Tumors of the Testis. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Andrés M Acosta, Muhammad T Idrees, Daniel M Berney, Maurizio Colecchia
Testicular sex cord-stromal tumors (TSCSTs) are relatively rare, representing ~5% of testicular neoplasms overall. Historically, TSCSTs have been classified into 3 major entities: Leydig cell tumor, Sertoli cell tumor, and granulosa cell tumor. In recent years, immunophenotypic and molecular analyses have led to a more detailed understanding of the biological and genomic features of these neoplasms
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#PathX: #PathTwitter's Transformation and a Discussion on Different Social Media Platforms Used by Pathologists in 2024. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Casey P Schukow, Lavisha S Punjabi, Fadi W Abdul-Karim
#PathTwitter is a well-known virtual community that has historically been positive for pathologists, trainees, and medical students worldwide to communicate, collaborate, and connect for free. However, in 2023, the popular social media platform Twitter (parent company: X Corp.) transitioned to "X" and, with this, #PathTwitter evolved into #PathX. Although the overall user experience of X and Twitter
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DNA Damage Response and Mismatch Repair Gene Defects in Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Dilara Akhoundova, Paola Francica, Sven Rottenberg, Mark A Rubin
Alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) and related genes are present in up to 25% of advanced prostate cancers (PCa). Most frequently altered genes are involved in the homologous recombination repair, the Fanconi anemia, and the mismatch repair pathways, and their deficiencies lead to a highly heterogeneous spectrum of DDR-deficient phenotypes. More than half of these alterations concern non-BRCA
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Contemporary Issues in Urothelial Carcinoma of Upper Urinary Tract. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Jianping Zhao, Charles C Guo, Priya Rao
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an uncommon malignancy involving the renal pelvis and ureter. Careful pathologic analysis plays a critical role in the diagnosis and clinical management of UTUC. In combination with clinical and radiologic evaluation, pathologic features can be used to stratify patients into low-risk and high-risk groups. This risk stratification can help clinicians
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Multicystic Clear Cell Renal Tumors With Low-grade Nuclear Features: Time to Include TFE3 Translocation-associated Carcinomas. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Qi Cai, Jeffrey Gagan, Prasad Koduru, Jeffrey Cadeddu, Rajal B Shah, Payal Kapur, Doreen N Palsgrove
TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a distinct, uncommon entity with more than 20 different fusion partners identified; however, histomorphology may be suggestive of specific fusion partners in select TFE3-rearranged RCCs. For example, most MED15::TFE3 fusion associated RCCs exhibit multilocular cystic morphology, mimicking multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential. Here
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Nipple Lesions of the Breast: An Update on Morphologic Features, Immunohistochemical Findings and Differential Diagnosis. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Edi Brogi, Cristian Scatena
Because of the unique anatomic structure of the nipple, a few specific breast lesions occur only at this site. Large lactiferous sinuses may be involved by inflammatory conditions such as squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts and ductal ectasia or be the site of uncommon superficial epithelial neoplasms such as nipple adenoma or syringomatous tumor of the nipple. Paget disease of the nipple may
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The Role of Novel Immunohistochemical Markers for Special Types of Breast Carcinoma. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Anne Grabenstetter, Timothy M D'Alfonso
Some histologic special types of breast carcinoma harbor specific recurrent genetic alterations that are not seen in other types of breast carcinoma (no special type), namely adenoid cystic carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, and tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity. These tumors have unique morphologic features, are triple-negative, that is, do not express hormone receptors or HER2, and are generally
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Is it Time to Retire the Term of Low-Grade Ductal Carcinoma in Situ and Replace it with Ductal Neoplasia? Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Shahla Masood, Melvin J Silverstein
As the leading cause of cancer morbidity and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women, breast cancer continues to remain a major global public health problem. Consequently, significant attention has been directed toward early breast cancer detection and prevention. As a result, the number of image-detected biopsies has increased, and minimally invasive diagnostic procedures have almost
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Update on the Use of Molecular Subtyping in Breast Cancer. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Thomas J Lawton
The standard of care for invasive cancers of the breast has been and continues to be to evaluate them for breast prognostic markers: estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 by immunohistochemistry. Over 2 decades ago, a study was the first to report on the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Four main subtypes were reported. Since then there have been
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Future Practices of Breast Pathology Using Digital and Computational Pathology. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Matthew G Hanna, Edi Brogi
Pathology clinical practice has evolved by adopting technological advancements initially regarded as potentially disruptive, such as electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and genomic sequencing. Breast pathology has a critical role as a medical domain, where the patient's pathology diagnosis has significant implications for prognostication and treatment of diseases. The advent of digital and computational
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On the Histologic Classification of Thymoma. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 David Suster, Saul Suster
The classification of thymoma continues to be a source of controversy in pathology. The difficulties in histologic classification are evident from the number of proposals that have been offered over the years, as well as for the continuous changes and modifications introduced by the World Health Organization to their classification system over the past 20 years. We analyze here some of the issues involved
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Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Review of Morphological Appearances Encountered in Human Papillomavirus-associated and Papillomavirus-independent Tumors and Precursor Lesions. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Simona Stolnicu, Douglas Allison, Andrei Patrichi, Jessica Flynn, Alexia Iasonos, Robert A Soslow
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally. Historically, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was considered necessary for the development of both precursor and invasive epithelial tumors of the cervix; however, studies in the last decade have shown that a significant proportion of cervical carcinomas are HPV-independent (HPVI). The 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification
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TRPS1, a New Promising Marker for Assessment of Distant Metastatic Breast Cancer. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Patrick J McIntire, Lauren A Duckworth, John Van Arnam, Hala Abdelwahab, Sandra J Shin
This article reviewed the identification of breast cancer in the distant metastatic setting through traditional immunohistochemical markers, such as mammaglobin and GATA3, compared with the novel immunohistochemical stain, Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome-1 (TRPS1). We review previous studies evaluating TRPS1 staining, which were conducted using cytology specimens, as well as our recently conducted study
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Current Challenges and Controversies in Colorectal Carcinoma Pathologic Staging-A Practical Guide. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Ian Clark, Ansa Mehreen, Paxton V Dickson, David Shibata, Evan S Glazer, Nabajit Choudhury, Richa Jain
The pathologic assessment of colorectal carcinoma specimens plays a crucial role in the therapeutic management of patients and disease prognostication. The TNM staging system is used globally and is a critical component of colorectal carcinoma pathology reporting. However, our experience informs us that there are significant variations in the assignment of the TNM stage, both between pathologists and
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Application of ChatGPT in Routine Diagnostic Pathology: Promises, Pitfalls, and Potential Future Directions. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Casey Schukow, Steven Christopher Smith, Eric Landgrebe, Surya Parasuraman, Olaleke Oluwasegun Folaranmi, Gladell P Paner, Mahul B Amin
Large Language Models are forms of artificial intelligence that use deep learning algorithms to decipher large amounts of text and exhibit strong capabilities like question answering and translation. Recently, an influx of Large Language Models has emerged in the medical and academic discussion, given their potential widespread application to improve patient care and provider workflow. One application
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#PathMastodon: An Up-In-Coming Platform for Pathology Education Among Pathologists, Trainees, and Medical Students. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 Casey Schukow, Lavisha S Punjabi, Jerad M Gardner
Social media use in pathology has continued to grow and become more mainstream among pathologists, trainees, and medical students over the past decade. Twitter has historically been (and still seems to be) a positive platform for the social media pathology community to engage with each other virtually (ie, PathTwitter). However, as a new era of Twitter leadership began to unfold in October 2022, a
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A Comprehensive Review of the Newest World Health Organization (WHO) Cytopathology Reporting Systems. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Jitendra Singh Nigam, Jyotsna Naresh Bharti, Ashutosh Rath, Immanuel Pradeep
World Health Organization cytopathology reporting system systems have proposed for the pancreatobiliary tract, lung, lymph node, and soft tissue aligned with the updates in the World Health Organization classification of Tumor series. Among them, the pancreatobiliary tract and lung specimen reporting system have been published recently and are now a 7-tier and 5-tier category system, respectively,
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Mesotheliomas in Children. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 Eduardo Zambrano, Andrés Matoso, Miguel Reyes-Múgica
Mesotheliomas are rare and aggressive tumors that originate from mesothelial cells. Although exceedingly rare, these tumors may occur in children. Different from adult mesotheliomas, however, environmental exposures particularly to asbestos do not appear to play a major role in mesotheliomas in children, in whom specific genetic rearrangements driving these tumors have been identified in recent years
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Pericardial Mesotheliomas Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Andrea Valeria Arrossi
Primary pericardial mesothelioma (PM) is a rare tumor arising from the mesothelial cells of the pericardium. It has an incidence of <0.05% and comprises <2% of all mesotheliomas; however, it is the most common primary malignancy of the pericardium. PM should be distinguished from secondary involvement by the spread of pleural mesothelioma or metastases, which are more common. Although data are controversial
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Renaming Grade Group 1 Prostate "Cancer" From a Pathology Perspective: A Call for Multidisciplinary Discussion. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Gladell P Paner, Ming Zhou, Jeffry P Simko, Scott E Eggener, Theodorus van der Kwast
Despite the innovations made to enhance smarter screening and conservative management for low-grade prostate cancer, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment remains a major health care problem. Driven by the primary goal of reducing harm to the patients, relabeling of nonlethal grade group 1 (GG 1) prostate cancer has been proposed but faced varying degrees of support and objection from clinicians and pathologists
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Cancer Immunology: Immune Escape of Tumors—Expression and Regulation of HLA Class I Molecules and Its Role in Immunotherapies Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Yuan Wang, Simon Jasinski-Bergner, Claudia Wickenhauser, Barbara Seliger
The addition of “avoiding immune destruction” to the hallmarks of cancer demonstrated the importance of cancer immunology and in particular the role of immune surveillance and escape from malignancies. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to immune impairment and immune responses are diverse. Loss or reduced expression of the HLA class I molecules are major characteristics of human cancers
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Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor Therapy—Principles and Relevance of Biomarkers for Pathologists and Oncologists Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Christopher Darr, Thomas Hilser, Claudia Kesch, Aykhan Isgandarov, Henning Reis, Milan Wahl, Isabel Kasper-Virchow, Boris A. Hadaschik, Viktor Grünwald
Immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been one of the major advances in the treatment of a variety of advanced or metastatic tumors in recent years. Therefore, ICI-therapy is already approved in first-line therapy for multiple tumors, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy. However, there are relevant differences in approval among different tumor entities, especially with respect to
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Role of Surgical Pathologist for Detection of Immunooncologic Predictive Factors in Head and Neck Cancer Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Cecilia Taverna, Alessandro Franchi
Immunotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancers. Antiprogrammed cell death (PD)-1 therapies have been recently approved in this setting and they are currently tested also in the treatment of locally advanced diseases and in the neoadjuvant setting. However, the clinical benefits of these treatments have been quite variable, hence the need
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Role of Surgical Pathologist for Detection of Predictive Immuno-oncological Factors in Breast Cancer Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Mandy Berner, Arndt Hartmann, Ramona Erber
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed therapy strategies in breast cancer (BC) patients suffering from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). For example, in Europe the anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) ICI Azetolizumab is approved for adult patients with locally advanced or metastasized TNBC (mTNBC), depending on the immunohistochemical (IHC) PD-L1 expression of immune cells
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Immunotherapy in Genitourinary Cancers: Role of Surgical Pathologist for Detection of Immunooncologic Predictive Factors Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Veronika Bahlinger, Arndt Hartmann, Markus Eckstein
Genitourinary malignancies include a broad spectrum of distinct tumor entities occurring in the kidney, the urinary tract, the prostate, the adrenal glands, the penis, and testicles. Each tumor entity presents with unique biological characteristics, especially in terms of immunobiology. The immune landscape of genitourinary malignancies differs between immunoreactive tumors like urothelial carcinoma
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SWI/SNF-deficient Malignancies: Optimal Candidates for Immune-oncological Therapy? Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Abbas Agaimy
Inactivation of different subunits of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex has emerged as one of the most frequent genetic pathways driving a variety of neoplasms of diverse histogenesis, originating in different organs. With few exceptions, most SWI/SNF-deficient malignancies pursue a highly aggressive clinical course resulting in widespread disease dissemination
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Pathology of Immunotherapy-induced Responses in Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Evidences and Future Perspectives Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Alice Indini, Maurizio Lombardo, Angelo Sidoni, Andrea Gianatti, Mario Mandalà, Daniela Massi
Over the last years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated remarkable anti-tumor activity and beneficial effects in patients with early and advanced melanoma. However, ICIs provide clinical benefit only in a minority of patients due to primary and/or acquired resistance mechanisms. Immunotherapy resistance is a complex phenomenon relying on genetic and epigenetic factors, which ultimately
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Immune-related Adverse Events: A Histopathologic Review. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 Zainab I Alruwaii, Elizabeth A Montgomery
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been increasingly used to treat various malignant neoplasms. Despite their superior efficacy in treating certain ones, their global immune-activation effect leads to systemic side effects, referred to as immune-related adverse events. Immune-related adverse events affect a variety of organs, including the skin, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and endocrine organs
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The Spectrum of Digestive Tract Histopathologic Findings in the Setting of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infection: What Pathologists Need to Know. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Rana Shaker Al-Zaidi
Although the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is known primarily to affect the respiratory system, current evidence supports its capability to infect and induce gastrointestinal tract injury. Data describing the histopathologic alterations of the digestive system in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 are becoming more detailed, as the number
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Role of Surgical Pathologist for the Detection of Immuno-oncologic Predictive Factors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancers. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-20 Sambit K Mohanty, Sourav K Mishra, Mahul B Amin, Abbas Agaimy, Florian Fuchs
Until very recently, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have been the mainstay of treatment in non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLCs). However, recent advances in molecular immunology have unveiled some of the complexity of the mechanisms regulating cellular immune responses and led to the successful targeting of immune checkpoints in attempts to enhance antitumor T-cell responses. Immune checkpoint
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Conjunctivitis: A Primer on Conjunctival Biopsy and Approach to Histopathologic Diagnosis. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-06 Curtis E Margo, Lynn E Harman
Conjunctivitis, or inflammation of the mucosal covering the anterior third of sclera and inner eyelid, is a common clinical condition of varied causation. Most cases are self-limited due to infection or allergy and rarely necessitate biopsy. Inflammation of the conjunctiva, however, is one of the most common principal histopathologic diagnoses rendered when the tissue is biopsied. In the context of
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SWI/SNF-deficient Sinonasal Carcinomas Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Abbas Agaimy
The classification of poorly differentiated sinonasal carcinomas and their nonepithelial mimics has experienced tremendous developments during the last 2 decades. These recent developments paved the way for an increasingly adopted approach to a molecular-based or etiology-based refined classification of the many carcinoma variants that have been historically lumped into the sinonasal undifferentiated
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DEK::AFF2 Fusion Carcinomas of Head and Neck Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Komkrit Ruangritchankul, Ann Sandison
A novel DEK::AFF2 fusion carcinoma was recently described in 29 patients who originally presented with non-viral–associated nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. The tumors occurred at multiple sites in the head and neck including in the sinonasal tract, middle ear, and temporal bone. This tumor behaves aggressively involving adjacent vital structures, frequently recurs, and is inclined to develop
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IDH2-Mutated Sinonasal Tumors: A Review Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Bayan Alzumaili, Peter M. Sadow
Introduction: Genetic profiling has caused an explosion in the subclassification of sinonasal malignancies. Distinguishing several of these tumor types by histomorphology alone has been quite challenging, and although pathologic classification aims to be as specific as possible, it remains to be seen if this recent move toward tumor speciation bears clinical relevance, most particularly focused on
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Salivary Gland Intraductal Carcinoma: How Do 183 Reported Cases Fit Into a Developing Classification Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Lester D.R. Thompson, Justin A. Bishop
Salivary gland intraductal carcinoma (IDC) is a very uncommon group of neoplasms. Many names, variations in diagnostic criteria, and newly observed molecular findings (including NCOA4::RET, TRIM27::RET, HRAS point mutations, and PIK3CA pathway alterations) have generated further confusion in being able to recognize and categorize this group of tumors. Different histologic appearances and patterns of
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Microsecretory Adenocarcinoma of Salivary Glands Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Justin A. Bishop, Dipti P. Sajed
Salivary gland classification has benefitted immensely from the growing field of molecular diagnostics. Microsecretory adenocarcinoma, a novel salivary gland malignancy recently included in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classifications of Head and Neck Tumours, is one such example. This novel entity was discovered among the umbrella category of adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified
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From Malignant Thyroid Teratoma to Thyroblastoma: Evolution of a Newly-recognized DICER1-associated Malignancy Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Lisa M. Rooper
Thyroblastoma is a novel thyroid malignancy included in the 5th Edition WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumours. The majority of tumors now classified as thyroblastoma were originally regarded to be malignant thyroid teratomas. However, these neoplasms were recently recognized as a separate entity based on a distinctive constellation of primitive multilineage elements, including
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Melanoma and Glioblastoma—Not a Serendipitous Association Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-10 Kei Shing Oh, Meera Mahalingam
Recently, we came across a patient with malignant melanoma and primary glioblastoma. Given this, we parsed the literature to ascertain the relationship, if any, between these 2 malignancies. We begin with a brief overview of melanoma and glioma in isolation followed by a chronologic overview of case reports and epidemiologic studies documenting both neoplasms. This is followed by studies detailing
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Pleural Mesothelioma: Current Practice and Approach. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2022-12-19 Volha Lenskaya, Cesar A Moran
Pleural mesotheliomas represent one of the most common diagnostic challenges in thoracic pathology. The diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma weighs heavily on clinical and radiologic information. In addition, in the past, before the era of immunohistochemistry, the diagnosis was aided with the use of special histochemical stains-PAS, D-PAS, and mucicarmine, which now very much have been replaced by immunohistochemical
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Histopathologic Features of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Alessandro Gambella, Marco Volante, Mauro Papotti
Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that poses challenging issues regarding the diagnostic workup. Indeed, no presurgical technique or clinical parameters can reliably distinguish between adrenal cortical adenomas, which are more frequent and have a favorable outcome, and ACC, and the final diagnosis largely relies on histopathologic analysis of the surgical specimen
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Advances in Thyroid Pathology: High Grade Follicular Cell-derived Thyroid Carcinoma and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Bin Xu, Ronald A. Ghossein
In the upcoming World Health Organization fifth edition classification of endocrine tumors, there were several major changes related to high grade follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma (HGFCTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) based on emerging evidence about the diagnostic criteria clinical behavior, prognostic factors, and molecular signatures of these tumors. In this review, we aim to summarize
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Follicular Neoplasm of Thyroid Revisited: Current Differential Diagnosis and the Impact of Molecular Testing Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 N. Paul Ohori, Michiya Nishino
The diagnosis of “follicular neoplasm” (FN) in thyroid cytopathology has a long history that originated not long after the practice of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules. From the outset, this interpretive category was intended to convey a set of differential diagnoses rather than a precise diagnosis, as key diagnostic features, such as capsular and vascular invasion, were not detectable
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Advances and Updates in Parathyroid Pathology Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Hamza N. Gokozan, Theresa Scognamiglio
Hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder characterized by elevated levels of parathyroid hormone and hypercalcemia and is divided into 3 types: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Distinction between these types is accomplished by correlation of clinical, radiologic, and laboratory findings with pathologic features. Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs sporadically in 85% of cases with the remaining
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Advances in Adrenal and Extra-adrenal Paraganglioma: Practical Synopsis for Pathologists Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Carl Christofer Juhlin, Ozgur Mete
Adrenal paraganglioma (or “pheochromocytoma”) and extra-adrenal paraganglioma, collectively abbreviated PPGL, are rare but spectacular nonepithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms. These are the most inheritable neoplasia of all, with a metastatic potential in a varying degree. As of such, these lesions demand careful histologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic characterization to provide the clinical team
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Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Diagnostic Challenges and Practical Approach Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Zahra Alipour, Jacob R. Sweeney, Qingzhao Zhang, Zhaohai Yang
Most pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are slow-growing, and the patients may survive for many years, even after distant metastasis. The tumors usually display characteristic organoid growth patterns with typical neuroendocrine morphology. A smaller portion of the tumors follows a more precipitous clinical course. The classification has evolved from morphologic patterns to the current World Health
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The Classic, the Trendy, and the Refashioned: A Primer for Pathologists on What Is New in Familial Endocrine Tumor Syndromes Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Emad Ababneh, Vania Nosé
Familial endocrine tumor syndromes are continuously expanding owing to the growing role of genetic testing in routine clinical practice. Pathologists are usually the first on the clinical team to encounter these syndromes at their initial presentation; thus, recognizing them is becoming more pivotal in routine pathology practice to help in properly planning management and further family testing. Our
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An Overview of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNET) and Algorithmic Approach to Diagnosis Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Maria A. Gubbiotti, Zubair Baloch
The diagnostic algorithm and nomenclature of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors have evolved over the past decade, beginning with simpler categorical schemes focused on histomorphologic features and moving to a more sophisticated lineage-specific categorization. This contemporary overview highlights a multimodal approach to pituitary neuroendocrine tumors with a focus on changes in nomenclature, classification
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Peritoneal Mesothelioma-An Update. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2022-12-12 Anais Malpica
A remarkable amount of new information has been generated on peritoneal mesothelioma (PeM), ranging from nomenclature changes, including the removal of "malignant" when referring to this neoplasm and the use of the term "tumor" rather than "mesothelioma" to designate the neoplasm formerly known as "well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma", to the acknowledgment that PeMs can be associated with tumor
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Imaging of Malignant Pleural, Pericardial, and Peritoneal Mesothelioma. Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-18 Chad D Strange, Edith M Marom, Jitesh Ahuja, Girish S Shroff, Gregory W Gladish, Brett W Carter, Mylene T Truong
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare tumor arising from the mesothelial cells that line the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, and tunica vaginalis. Imaging plays a primary role in the diagnosis, staging, and management of malignant mesothelioma. Multimodality imaging, including radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed
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Small Biopsy and Cytology of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Brief Overview of Classification, Immunohistochemistry, Molecular Profiles, and World Health Organization Updates Adv. Anat. Pathol. (IF 6.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Simon Sung, Jonas J. Heymann, Michelle Garlin Politis, Marina K. Baine, Natasha Rekhtman, Anjali Saqi
Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms comprise ~20% of all lung tumors. Typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma represent the 4 major distinct subtypes recognized on resections. This review provides a brief overview of the cytomorphologic features and the 2021 World Health Organization classification of these tumor types on small biopsy and