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Mitogen-activated protein kinase-guided drug discovery for post-viral and related types of lung disease Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Holtzman, M. J., Zhang, Y., Wu, K., Romero, A. G.
Respiratory viral infections are a major public health problem, with much of their morbidity and mortality due to post-viral lung diseases that progress and persist after the active infection is cleared. This paradigm is implicated in the most common forms of chronic lung disease, such as asthma and COPD, as well as other virus-linked diseases including progressive and long-term coronavirus disease
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Preclinical models of maternal asthma and progeny outcomes: a scoping review Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Joshua L. Robinson, Kathryn L. Gatford, Danielle N. Bailey, Andrea J. Roff, Vicki L. Clifton, Janna L. Morrison, Michael J. Stark
There is an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in the ~17% of women with asthma during pregnancy. The mechanisms linking maternal asthma and adverse outcomes are largely unknown, but reflect joint effects of genetics and prenatal exposure to maternal asthma. Animal models are essential to understand the underlying mechanisms independent of genetics and comorbidities, and enable safe testing
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Clinical–imaging–pathological correlation in pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Marielle C. van de Veerdonk, Lize Roosma, Pia Trip, Deepa Gopalan, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Peter Dorfmüller, Esther J. Nossent
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is highly prevalent in patients with left heart disease (LHD) and negatively impacts prognosis. The most common causes of PH associated with LHD (PH-LHD) are left heart failure and valvular heart disease. In LHD, passive backward transmission of increased left-sided filling pressures leads to isolated post-capillary PH. Additional pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodelling
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Lung cancer risk and occupational pulmonary fibrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Julia Krabbe, Katja Maria Steffens, Sarah Drießen, Thomas Kraus
Background: Molecular pathways found to be important in pulmonary fibrosis are also involved in cancer pathogenesis, suggesting common pathways in the development of pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Research question: Is pulmonary fibrosis from exposure to occupational carcinogens an independent risk factor for lung cancer? Study design and methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web
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REM sleep obstructive sleep apnoea Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Bonsignore, M. R., Mazzuca, E., Baiamonte, P., Bouckaert, B., Verbeke, W., Pevernagie, D. A.
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) can occur in both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep or be limited to REM sleep, when the upper airway is most prone to collapse due to REM sleep atonia. Respiratory events are usually longer and more desaturating in REM than in NREM sleep. The prevalence of REM OSA is higher in women than in men and REM OSA usually occurs in the context of mild–moderate OSA based
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CDK4/6 inhibitors in lung cancer: current practice and future directions Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Shuoshuo Lv, Jie Yang, Jiayuh Lin, Xiaoying Huang, Haiyang Zhao, Chengguang Zhao, Lehe Yang
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and ~85% of lung cancers are classified as nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These malignancies can proliferate indefinitely, in part due to dysregulation of the cell cycle and the resulting abnormal cell growth. The specific activation of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is closely linked to tumour proliferation. Approximately
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“Exercise intolerance in pulmonary arterial hypertension: insight into central and peripheral pathophysiological mechanisms.” S. Malenfant, M. Lebret, É. Breton-Gagnon, et al. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30: 200284. Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 European Respiratory Society
Extract Unfortunately, an error was made in labelling figure 4 of this manuscript. The solid black line should have been labelled "Fick principle" not "Fick Law". The equation associated with this label should have read "V'O2=COxPa–vO2" not "V'O2=COxa–vO2 PO2". The corrected version of figure 4 is shown below.
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Smoking and home oxygen therapy: a review and consensus statement from a multidisciplinary Swedish taskforce Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Zainab Ahmadi, Joar Björk, Hans Gilljam, Madhuri Gogineni, Torbjörn Gustafsson, Michael Runold, Thomas Ringbæk, Josefin Wahlberg, Lotta Wendel, Magnus Ekström
Background: Home oxygen therapy (HOT) improves survival in patients with hypoxaemic chronic respiratory disease. Most patients evaluated for HOT are former or active smokers. Oxygen accelerates combustion and smoking may increase the risk of burn injuries and fire hazards; therefore, it is considered a contraindication for HOT in many countries. However, there is variability in the practices and policies
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Eradication treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in adults with bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Conceicao, M., Shteinberg, M., Goeminne, P., Altenburg, J., Chalmers, J. D.
Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most commonly isolated pathogen in bronchiectasis and is associated with worse outcomes. Eradication treatment is recommended by guidelines, but the evidence base is limited. The expected success rate of eradication in clinical practice is not known. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
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An update on diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnoea in the first 2 years of life Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Anastasia Polytarchou, Angeliki Moudaki, Eli Van de Perck, An Boudewyns, Athanasios G. Kaditis, Stijn Verhulst, Refika Ersu
The aim of this review is to summarise evidence that became available after publication of the 2017 European Respiratory Society statement on the diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in 1- to 23-month-old children. The definition of OSAS in the first 2 years of life should probably differ from that applied in children older than 2 years. An obstructive apnoea–hypopnoea
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European Respiratory Review, list of peer reviewers 2023 Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 European Respiratory Society
Extract The European Respiratory Review is voluntarily reviewed. We are most grateful for the hard work and dedication of all those who reviewed articles for the ERR in 2023.
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Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: illustrative cases and literature review Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Benoit Lechartier, Athénaïs Boucly, Sabina Solinas, Deepa Gopalan, Peter Dorfmüller, Teodora Radonic, Olivier Sitbon, David Montani
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD), also known as "pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with overt features of venous/capillary involvement", is a rare cause of PAH characterised by substantial small pulmonary vein and capillary involvement, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular failure. Environmental risk factors have been associated with the development of
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The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in post-tuberculosis and active tuberculosis populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 van Heerden, J. K., Louw, E. H., Thienemann, F., Engel, M. E., Allwood, B. W.
Background: The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) has not previously been quantified, resulting in an underappreciated burden of disease. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of PH in post-TB and active TB populations. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, Scopus, African Journals Online and
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From treatable traits to GETomics in airway disease: moving towards clinical practice Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Alberto Papi, Rosa Faner, Ian Pavord, Federico Baraldi, Vanessa M. McDonald, Mike Thomas, Marc Miravitlles, Nicholas Roche, Alvar Agustí
The treatable traits approach represents a strategy for patient management. It is based on the identification of characteristics susceptible to treatments or predictive of treatment response in each individual patient. With the objective of accelerating progress in research and clinical practice relating to such a treatable traits approach, the Portraits event was convened in Barcelona, Spain, in November
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The evolution of in vitro models of lung fibrosis: promising prospects for drug discovery Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Emanuel Kolanko, Anna Cargnoni, Andrea Papait, Antonietta Rosa Silini, Piotr Czekaj, Ornella Parolini
Lung fibrosis is a complex process, with unknown underlying mechanisms, involving various triggers, diseases and stimuli. Different cell types (epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and macrophages) interact dynamically through multiple signalling pathways, including biochemical/molecular and mechanical signals, such as stiffness, affecting cell function and differentiation. Idiopathic pulmonary
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From the microscopic to the macroscopic: clinical–radiological–pathological correlation in pulmonary hypertension Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Robin Condliffe, Peter Dorfmüller, Deepa Gopalan, Olivier Sitbon, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
Extract Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as the presence of a mean pulmonary arterial pressure >20 mmHg [1]. This simple haemodynamic definition encompasses a heterogenous collection of conditions. It is now appreciated that although treatable forms of PH are relatively rare, PH itself is not an uncommon entity, affecting ~1% of the global population [1]. Current international guidelines describe
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Selection of potential targets for stratifying congenital pulmonary airway malformation patients with molecular imaging: is MUC1 the one? Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Cathy van Horik, Marius J.P. Zuidweg, Anne Boerema-de Munck, Marjon Buscop-van Kempen, Erwin Brosens, Alexander L. Vahrmeijer, Jan H. von der Thüsen, René M.H. Wijnen, Robbert J. Rottier, Willemieke S.F.J. Tummers, J. Marco Schnater
Currently there is a global lack of consensus about the best treatment for asymptomatic congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) patients. The somatic KRAS mutations commonly found in adult lung cancer combined with mucinous proliferations are sometimes found in CPAM. For this risk of developing malignancy, 70% of paediatric surgeons perform a resection for asymptomatic CPAM. In order to stratify
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Clinical–radiological–pathological correlation in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Tom Verbelen, Laurent Godinas, Peter Dorfmüller, Deepa Gopalan, Robin Condliffe, Marion Delcroix
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of acute pulmonary embolism. It is characterised by persistent fibro-thrombotic pulmonary vascular obstructions and elevated pulmonary artery pressure leading to right heart failure. The diagnosis is based on two steps, as follows: 1) suspicion based on symptoms, echocardiography and ventilation/perfusion
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Clinical-radiological-pathological correlation in pulmonary arterial hypertension Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Condliffe, R., Durrington, C., Hameed, A., Lewis, R. A., Venkateswaran, R., Gopalan, D., Dorfmüller, P.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by the presence of a mean pulmonary arterial pressure >20 mmHg. Current guidelines describe five groups of PH with shared pathophysiological and clinical features. In this paper, the first of a series covering all five PH classification groups, the clinical, radiological and pathological features of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) will be reviewed. PAH may
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Clinical–radiological–pathological correlation in pulmonary hypertension with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Mona Lichtblau, Laura Mayer, Deepa Gopalan, Peter Dorfmüller, Silvia Ulrich
Ever since the second world symposium on pulmonary hypertension (PH) held in Evian, France, in 1998, PH has been classified into five major clinical groups. Group 5 PH includes a variety of distinct conditions with unclear and/or multifactorial underlying pathologies. Management of these patients is challenging as the number of patients within these groups is often small, not all individuals with certain
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Balancing the value and risk of exercise-based therapy post-COVID-19: a narrative review Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Singh, S. J., Daynes, E., McAuley, H. J. C., Raman, B., Greening, N. J., Chalder, T., Elneima, O., Evans, R. A., Bolton, C. E.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to ongoing symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue and muscle pain, which can have a substantial impact on an individual. Exercise-based rehabilitation programmes have proven beneficial in many long-term conditions that share similar symptoms. These programmes have favourably influenced breathlessness, fatigue and pain, while also increasing functional
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Treatable traits in asthma during pregnancy: a call for a shift towards a precision-based management approach Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Esha Joshi, Peter G. Gibson, Vanessa M. McDonald, Vanessa E. Murphy
Asthma is the most common chronic medical condition in pregnancy. Asthma exacerbations in pregnancy are unpredictable, and are associated with adverse maternal and fetal perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth and low birthweight. Goals of asthma management in pregnancy are to establish effective asthma control and prevent exacerbations. Optimising the management of asthma in pregnancy is an important
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Surgical and bronchoscopic pulmonary function-improving procedures in lung emphysema Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Stephanie Everaerts, Christelle M. Vandervelde, Pallav Shah, Dirk-Jan Slebos, Laurens J. Ceulemans
COPD is a highly prevalent, chronic and irreversible obstructive airway disease without curative treatment. Standard therapeutic strategies, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological, have only limited effects on lung function parameters of patients with severe disease. Despite optimal pharmacological treatment, many patients with severe COPD still have a high burden of dyspnoea and a poor quality
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Nine controversial questions about augmentation therapy for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a viewpoint Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Marc Miravitlles, Antonio Anzueto, Miriam Barrecheguren
Augmentation therapy with intravenous alpha-1 antitrypsin is the only specific treatment for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-associated emphysema. This treatment has been available and remained basically unchanged for more than 35 years, but many questions persist regarding its indications, regimen of administration and efficacy. Because AATD is a rare disease, it has not been possible to conduct
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Global birth prevalence of Robin sequence in live-born infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Marie Wright, Mario Cortina-Borja, Rachel Knowles, Don S. Urquhart
Robin sequence (RS), a congenital disorder of jaw maldevelopment and glossoptosis, poses a substantial healthcare burden and has long-term health implications if airway obstruction is suboptimally treated. This study describes the global birth prevalence of RS and investigates whether prevalence estimates differ by geographical location, ethnicity or study data source (registry versus non-registry
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Airway ciliated cells in adult lung homeostasis and COPD Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Laure M.G. Petit, Randa Belgacemi, Julien Ancel, Lynda Saber Cherif, Myriam Polette, Jeanne-Marie Perotin, Nathalie Spassky, Charles Pilette, Denise Al Alam, Gaëtan Deslée, Valérian Dormoy
Cilia are organelles emanating from the cell surface, consisting of an axoneme of microtubules that extends from a basal body derived from the centrioles. They are either isolated and nonmotile (primary cilia), or grouped and motile (motile cilia). Cilia are at the centre of fundamental sensory processes and are involved in a wide range of human disorders. Pulmonary cilia include motile cilia lining
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Investigating the prognostic value of digital mobility outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Buttery, S. C., Williams, P. J., Alghamdi, S. M., Philip, K. E. J., Perkins, A., Kallis, C., Quint, J. K., Polkey, M. I., Breuls, S., Buekers, J., Chynkiamis, N., Delgado-Ortiz, L., Demeyer, H., Frei, A., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Gimeno-Santos, E., Koch, S., Megaritis, D., Polhemus, A., Troosters, T., Vogiatzis, I., Watz, H., Hopkinson, N. S.
Background: Reduced mobility is a central feature of COPD. Assessment of mobility outcomes that can be measured digitally (digital mobility outcomes (DMOs)) in daily life such as gait speed and steps per day is increasingly possible using devices such as pedometers and accelerometers, but the predictive value of these measures remains unclear in relation to key outcomes such as hospital admission and
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Molecular monitoring of lung allograft health: is it ready for routine clinical use? Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Pauline Pradère, Andrea Zajacova, Saskia Bos, Jérôme Le Pavec, Andrew Fisher
Maintenance of long-term lung allograft health in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) requires a fine balancing act between providing sufficient immunosuppression to reduce the risk of rejection whilst at the same time not over-immunosuppressing individuals and exposing them to the myriad of immunosuppressant drug side-effects that can cause morbidity and mortality. At present, lung transplant physicians
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Nebulised granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Maitri Munsif, Duncan Sweeney, Tracy L. Leong, Rob G. Stirling
Background: Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) results from impaired macrophage-mediated clearance of alveolar surfactant lipoproteins. Whole lung lavage has been the first-line treatment but recent reports suggest the efficacy of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We aimed to review the efficacy and safety of nebulised GM-CSF in aPAP. Methods: We conducted a systematic
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Association of preserved ratio impaired spirometry with mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Yang, S., Liao, G., Tse, L. A.
Background: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is prevalent within the general population. Increased mortality has been reported among subjects with PRISm, but the evidence has never been summarised. This systematic review aims to synthesise evidence on the association between PRISm and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory-related mortality. Methods: We systematically searched
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Self-management interventions for people with pulmonary fibrosis: a scoping review Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Lee, J. Y. T., Tikellis, G., Dowman, L., Jones, A. W., Hoffman, M., Mellerick, C. R., Malaguti, C., Khor, Y. H., Holland, A. E.
Background The most effective method for encouraging self-management in individuals with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is unclear. This review aimed to identify common self-management components, the outcome measures used and the impact of these components in PF. Methods A scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis using Medline, Embase, PsychInfo
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The re-emerging role of linoleic acid in paediatric asthma Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Naughten, S., Ecklu-Mensah, G., Constantino, G., Quaranta, A., Schulkers Escalante, K., Bai-Tong, S., Gilbert, J., Leibel, S., Wheelock, C. E., Leibel, S.
Asthma is the most common chronic disease within the paediatric population. Although it is multifactorial, its onset may be linked to early-life exposures with subsequent impact on immune system development. Microbial and dietary metabolic products have been implicated in the development and exacerbation of paediatric asthma. Linoleic acid is the most common omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the
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Ergonomics of bronchoscopy: good advice or a pain in the neck? Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Ntiamoah, P., Machuzak, M., Gildea, T. R., Mehta, A. C.
Interventional pulmonologists require a unique set of skills including precise motor abilities and physical endurance, but surprisingly the application of ergonomic principles in the field of bronchoscopy remains limited. This is particularly intriguing when considering the significant impact that poor ergonomics can have on diagnostic aptitude, income potential and overall health. It is therefore
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Montelukast in paediatric asthma and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Mayoral, K., Lizano-Barrantes, C., Zamora, V., Pont, A., Miret, C., Barrufet, C., Caballero-Rabasco, M. A., Praena-Crespo, M., Bercedo, A., Valdesoiro-Navarrete, L., Guerra, M. T., Pardo, Y., Martinez Zapata, M. J., Garin, O., Ferrer, M., ARCA Group
Background: We aim to assess the impact of montelukast on paediatric patients with asthma/allergic rhinitis, measured using patient-reported outcome measures, compared with other treatments or placebo. Methods: Protocol registration CRD42020216098 (www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO). MEDLINE and Embase databases were used to conduct the search. Two authors independently selected studies and extracted data
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Systematic review of ceftaroline fosamil in the management of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Torres, A., Kuraieva, A., Stone, G. G., Cilloniz, C.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for an array of problematic community- and healthcare-acquired infections, including pneumonia, and is frequently associated with severe disease and high mortality rates. Standard recommended treatments for empiric and targeted coverage of suspected MRSA in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia
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How inhaled corticosteroids target inflammation in COPD Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Lea, S., Higham, A., Beech, A., Singh, D.
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of COPD. COPD has been previously described as a "corticosteroid-resistant" condition, but current clinical trial evidence shows that selected COPD patients, namely those with increased exacerbation risk plus higher blood eosinophil count (BEC), can benefit from ICS treatment. This review describes the
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Stem cell therapy in pulmonary hypertension: current practice and future opportunities Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Zheng, R., Xu, T., Wang, X., Yang, L., Wang, J., Huang, X.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease characterised by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and right-sided heart failure. While conventional drug therapies, including prostacyclin analogues, endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, have been shown to improve the haemodynamic abnormalities of patients with PH, the 5-year mortality rate remains high. Thus
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Methods to assess COPD medications adherence in healthcare databases: a systematic review Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Vauterin, D., Van Vaerenbergh, F., Vanoverschelde, A., Quint, J. K., Verhamme, K., Lahousse, L.
Background: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 report recommends medication adherence assessment in COPD as an action item. Healthcare databases provide opportunities for objective assessments; however, multiple methods exist. We aimed to systematically review the literature to describe existing methods to assess adherence in COPD in healthcare databases and to evaluate
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Lost in translation: a neglected mTOR target for lymphangioleiomyomatosis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Evans, J. F., McCormack, F. X., Sonenberg, N., Krymskaya, V. P.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a cystic lung disease of women resulting from mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes that suppress the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. mTORC1 activation enhances a plethora of anabolic cellular functions, mainly via the activation of mRNA translation through stimulation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1)/ribosomal protein S6
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Atypical imaging patterns during lung invasive mould diseases: lessons for clinicians Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Casutt, A., Lamoth, F., Lortholary, O., Prior, J. O., Tonglet, A., Manuel, O., Bergeron, A., Beigelman-Aubry, C.
Imaging of pulmonary invasive mould diseases (IMDs), which represents a cornerstone in their work-up, is mainly based on computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this review is to discuss their CT features, mainly those related to aspergillosis and mucormycosis. We will especially focus on atypical radiological presentations that are increasingly observed among non-neutropenic emerging populations
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Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis: joining the dots Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Bandyopadhyay, D., Mirsaeidi, M. S.
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology. A minority of patients with sarcoidosis develop sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis (SAPF), which may become progressive. Genetic profiles differ between patients with progressive and self-limiting disease. The mechanisms of fibrosis in SAPF are not fully understood, but SAPF is likely a distinct clinicopathological entity
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Neuropsychiatric events associated with montelukast in patients with asthma: a systematic review Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Lo, C. W. H., Pathadka, S., Qin, S. X., Fung, L. W. Y., Yan, V. K. C., Yiu, H. H. E., Bloom, C. I., Wong, I. C. K., Chan, E. W. Y.
Background: The United States Food and Drug Administration issued a black box warning on the mental health adverse effects of montelukast in 2020. Age-related effects on the risk of developing specific neuropsychiatric events in montelukast users remain largely unknown. Objective: To describe the risk of neuropsychiatric events associated with montelukast in adults and children with asthma. Methods:
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Effects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on glucose metabolism in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Herth, J., Sievi, N. A., Schmidt, F., Kohler, M.
Obstructive sleep apnoea is a highly prevalent chronic disorder and has been shown to be associated with disturbed glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes. However, the evidence from individual clinical trials on the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on glycaemic control in patients with co-existing obstructive sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes remains controversial. A systematic
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Peripheral blood monocyte count and outcomes in patients with interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Min, B., Grant-Orser, A., Johannson, K. A.
Background Peripheral blood monocyte counts have been associated with poor outcomes in interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, studies are limited by variable biomarker thresholds, analytic approaches and heterogenous populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis characterised the relationship between monocytes and clinical outcomes in ILD. Methods Electronic database searches were performed
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The role of vaccination in COPD: influenza, SARS-CoV-2, pneumococcus, pertussis, RSV and varicella zoster virus Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Simon, S., Joean, O., Welte, T., Rademacher, J.
Exacerbations of COPD are associated with worsening of the airflow obstruction, hospitalisation, reduced quality of life, disease progression and death. At least 70% of COPD exacerbations are infectious in origin, with respiratory viruses identified in approximately 30% of cases. Despite long-standing recommendations to vaccinate patients with COPD, vaccination rates remain suboptimal in this population
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Unsupervised home spirometry versus supervised clinic spirometry for respiratory disease: a systematic methodology review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Anand, R., McLeese, R., Busby, J., Stewart, J., Clarke, M., Man, W. D.-C., Bradley, J.
Background: The number of patients completing unsupervised home spirometry has recently increased due to more widely available portable technology and the COVID-19 pandemic, despite a lack of solid evidence to support it. This systematic methodology review and meta-analysis explores quantitative differences in unsupervised spirometry compared with spirometry completed under professional supervision
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Shared decision-making experiences in child long-term ventilation: a systematic review Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Peat, G., Delaney, S.-A., Gibson, F., Fraser, L. K., Brierley, J.
Introduction: Recent decades have seen an increase in children receiving long-term ventilation. To ensure that long-term ventilation decisions incorporate the perspectives of stakeholders, it is vital that empirical evidence is gathered to substantiate frameworks and guidance on shared decision-making for long-term ventilation. This systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to clarify
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Social determinants of advanced chronic respiratory interventions: a scoping review Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Ly, L., Pascoe, A., Philip, J., Hudson, P., Smallwood, N.
Introduction Income, education, occupation, social class, sex and race/ethnicity are essential social determinants of health (SDH). Reporting of SDH when testing complex interventions for people with advanced chronic respiratory diseases or how they impact accessibility, engagement and effectiveness within sub-populations is unclear. Aims and methods This scoping review examined reporting of SDH in
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Barriers to and facilitators of the use of oxygen therapy in people living with an interstitial lung disease: a systematic review of qualitative evidence Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Tikellis, G., Hoffman, M., Mellerick, C., Burge, A. T., Holland, A. E.
Background: Oxygen therapy is prescribed to treat hypoxaemia in people with interstitial lung disease (ILD); however, uptake and adherence remain an ongoing challenge. This systematic review aimed to identify the barriers to and facilitators of use of oxygen therapy in people with ILD, caregivers and health professionals. Methods: A systematic search for qualitative literature was undertaken using
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Animal models of silicosis: fishing for new therapeutic targets and treatments Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Martinez-Lopez, A., Candel, S., Tyrkalska, S. D.
Silicosis as an occupational lung disease has been present in our lives for centuries. Research studies have already developed and implemented many animal models to study the pathogenesis and molecular basis of the disease and enabled the search for treatments. As all experimental animal models used to date have their advantages and disadvantages, there is a continuous search for a better model, which
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Guidance and standard operating procedures for functional exercise testing in cystic fibrosis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Saynor, Z. L., Gruet, M., McNarry, M. A., Button, B., Morrison, L., Wagner, M., Sawyer, A., Hebestreit, H., Radtke, T., Urquhart, D. S., on behalf of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Exercise Working Group
Regular exercise testing is recommended for all people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). A range of validated tests, which integrate both strength and aerobic function, are available and increasingly being used. Together, these tests offer the ability for comprehensive exercise evaluation. Extensive research and expert consensus over recent years has enabled the adaptation and standardisation of a range
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Fixed-intensity exercise tests to measure exertional dyspnoea in chronic heart and lung populations: a systematic review Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Palmer, T., Obst, S. J., Aitken, C. R., Walsh, J., Sabapathy, S., Adams, L., Morris, N. R.
Introduction Exertional dyspnoea is the primary diagnostic symptom for chronic cardiopulmonary disease populations. Whilst a number of exercise tests are used, there remains no gold standard clinical measure of exertional dyspnoea. The aim of this review was to comprehensively describe and evaluate all types of fixed-intensity exercise tests used to assess exertional dyspnoea in chronic cardiopulmonary
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Post-COVID-19 dyspnoea and pulmonary imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Guinto, E., Gerayeli, F. V., Eddy, R. L., Lee, H., Milne, S., Sin, D. D.
Background A proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors experience persistent dyspnoea without measurable impairments in lung function. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine relationships between dyspnoea and imaging abnormalities over time in post-COVID-19 patients. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
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Innovative three-dimensional models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Nizamoglu, M., Joglekar, M. M., Almeida, C. R., Larsson Callerfelt, A.-K., Dupin, I., Guenat, O. T., Henrot, P., van Os, L., Otero, J., Elowsson, L., Farre, R., Burgess, J. K.
Chronic lung diseases result from alteration and/or destruction of lung tissue, inevitably causing decreased breathing capacity and quality of life for patients. While animal models have paved the way for our understanding of pathobiology and the development of therapeutic strategies for disease management, their translational capacity is limited. There is, therefore, a well-recognised need for innovative
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A critical interpretive synthesis of the lived experiences and health and patient-reported outcomes of people living with COPD who isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Swain, R., Forsyth, F., Bowers, B., Early, F., Kuhn, I., Shrivastva, S., Tufnell, R., Fuld, J.
Aims: To determine the lived experiences of people with COPD who isolated at home during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and explore how these experiences affected health and patient-reported outcomes. Methods: Keyword searches were performed in five bibliographic databases. Critical interpretative synthesis (CIS) methods were used to interrogate and understand patterns across studies
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Multiple breath washout and oscillometry after allogenic HSCT: a scoping review Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Sonneveld, N., Rayment, J. H., Usemann, J., Nielsen, K. G., Robinson, P. D.
Pulmonary chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a substantial cause of pulmonary morbidity and mortality post-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Current spirometry-based monitoring strategies have significant limitations. Understanding the utility of novel peripheral airway function tests – multiple breath washout (MBW) and oscillometry – is critical in efforts to improve detection
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Regenerative and translational medicine in COPD: hype and hope Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Guarnier, L. P., Moro, L. G., Livero, F. A. d. R., de Faria, C. A., Azevedo, M. F., Roma, B. P., Albuquerque, E. R., Malagutti-Ferreira, M. J., Rodrigues, A. G. D., da Silva, A. A., Sekiya, E. J., Ribeiro-Paes, J. T.
COPD is a common, preventable and usually progressive disease associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lung, generally caused by exposure to noxious particles and gases. It is a treatable disease characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to abnormalities in the airways and/or alveoli. COPD is currently the third leading cause of
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Natural killer cells in the lung: potential role in asthma and virus-induced exacerbation? Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-12 Lepretre, F., Gras, D., Chanez, P., Duez, C.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder whose pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms are not completely understood. Asthma exacerbations are mostly driven by respiratory viral infections and characterised by worsening of symptoms. Despite current therapies, asthma exacerbations can still be life-threatening. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells well known for their
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Performance-based outcome measures to assess functionality in hospitalised patients with COPD exacerbations: a systematic review of the measurement properties Eur. Respir. Rev. (IF 7.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-12 Leonardi, N. T., Kawakami, D. M. O., Hurst, J. R., Cruz, J., Mendes, R. G.
Introduction Hospitalised patients with exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD) may have physical and functional impairments that impact morbidity and readmission. Therefore, it is crucial to properly identify reduced functionality in these patients to support a personalised rehabilitation. The objective of this study is to summarise and compare the measurement properties of functionality performance-based outcome