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Evolution of the visual system in ray-finned fishes Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Michael H. Hofmann, Isabelle C. Gebhardt
The vertebrate eye allows to capture an enormous amount of detail about the surrounding world which can only be exploited with sophisticated central information processing. Furthermore, vision is an active process due to head and eye movements that enables the animal to change the gaze and actively select objects to investigate in detail. The entire system requires a coordinated coevolution of its
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Pre-stimulus bioelectrical activity in light-adapted ERG under blue versus white background Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Katherine Tsay, Sara Safari, Abdullah Abu-Samra, Jan Kremers, Radouil Tzekov
To compare the baseline signal between two conditions used to generate the photopic negative response (PhNR) of the full-field electroretinogram (ERG): red flash on a blue background (RoB) and white flash on a white background (LA3). The secondary purpose is to identify how the level of pre-stimulus signal affects obtaining an unambiguous PhNR component. A retrospective chart review was conducted on
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Two mechanisms for direction selectivity in a model of the primate starburst amacrine cell Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Jiajia Wu, Yeon Jin Kim, Dennis M. Dacey, John B. Troy, Robert G. Smith
In a recent study, visual signals were recorded for the first time in starburst amacrine cells of the macaque retina, and, as for mouse and rabbit, a directional bias observed in calcium signals was recorded from near the dendritic tips. Stimulus motion from the soma toward the tip generated a larger calcium signal than motion from the tip toward the soma. Two mechanisms affecting the spatiotemporal
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Impact of glaucoma on the spatial frequency processing of scenes in central vision Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-08 Audrey Trouilloud, Elvia Ferry, Muriel Boucart, Louise Kauffmann, Aude Warniez, Jean-François Rouland, Carole Peyrin
Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by a progressive vision loss usually starting in peripheral vision. However, a deficit for scene categorization is observed even in the preserved central vision of patients with glaucoma. We assessed the processing and integration of spatial frequencies in the central vision of patients with glaucoma during scene categorization, considering the severity of the
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Overall patterns of eye-specific retino-geniculo-cortical projections to layers III, IV, and VI in primary visual cortex of the greater galago (Otolemur crassicudatus), and correlation with cytochrome oxidase blobs Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-11-02 Jaime F. Olavarria, Huixin Qi, Toru Takahata, Jon H. Kaas
Studies in the greater galago have not provided a comprehensive description of the organization of eye-specific retino-geniculate-cortical projections to the recipient layers in V1. Here we demonstrate the overall patterns of ocular dominance domains in layers III, IV, and VI revealed following a monocular injection of the transneuronal tracer wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase
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Differences in chromatic noise suppression of luminance contrast discrimination in young and elderly people Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-10-13 Rosa Maria Guimarães Brito, Bruna Rafaela Silva Sousa, Letícia Miquilini, Paulo Roney Kilpp Goulart, Marcelo Fernandes Costa, Dora Fix Ventura, Maria Izabel Tentes Cortes, Givago Silva Souza
Aging causes impairment of contrast sensitivity and chromatic discrimination, leading to changes in the perceptual interactions between color and luminance information. We aimed to investigate the influence of chromatic noise on luminance contrast thresholds in young and older adults. Forty participants were divided equally into Young (29.6 ± 6.3-year-old) and Elderly Groups (57.8 ± 6.6-year-old).
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Glial cell response to constant low light exposure in rat retina Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-09-27 Manuel G. Bruera, María M. Benedetto, Mario E. Guido, Alicia L. Degano, María A. Contin
To study the macroglia and microglia and the immune role in long-time light exposure in rat eyes, we performed glial cell characterization along the time-course of retinal degeneration induced by chronic exposure to low-intensity light. Animals were exposed to light for periods of 2, 4, 6, or 8 days, and the retinal glial response was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot and real-time reverse
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Phosphorylation of cysteine string protein-α up-regulates the frequency of cholinergic waves via starburst amacrine cells Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-11 Ching-Feng Chen, Rita R. Wo, Chien-Ting Huang, Tzu-Lin Cheng, Juu-Chin Lu, Chih-Tien Wang
During the first postnatal week in rodents, cholinergic retinal waves initiate in starburst amacrine cells (SACs), propagating to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and visual centers, essential for visual circuit refinement. By modulating exocytosis in SACs, dynamic changes in the protein kinase A (PKA) activity can regulate the spatiotemporal patterns of cholinergic waves. Previously, cysteine string
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The mosaic of AII amacrine cell bodies in rat retina is indistinguishable from a random distribution Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-10 Jian Hao Liu, David Olukoya Peter, Maren Sofie Faldalen Guttormsen, Md Kaykobad Hossain, Yola Gerking, Margaret Lin Veruki, Espen Hartveit
The vertebrate retina contains a large number of different types of neurons that can be distinguished by their morphological properties. Assuming that no location should be without a contribution from the circuitry and function linked to a specific type of neuron, it is expected that the dendritic trees of neurons belonging to a type will cover the retina in a regular manner. Thus, for most types of
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Classification of pseudocalcium visual responses from mouse retinal ganglion cells-CORRIGENDUM. Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-10 H Shabani,Mahdi Sadeghi,E Zrenner,D L Rathbun,Z Hosseinzadeh
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DeBruyn and Casagrande manuscripts on tree shrew retinal ganglion cells as a basis for cross-species retina research Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-01-31 Thomas T. Norton, Elise L. Savier, Madineh Sedigh-Sarvestani
The purpose of this brief communication is to make publicly available three unpublished manuscripts on the organization of retinal ganglion cells in the tree shrew. The manuscripts were authored in 1986 by Dr. Edward DeBruyn, a PhD student in the laboratory of the late Dr. Vivien Casagrande at Vanderbilt University. As diurnal animals closely related to primates, tree shrews are ideally suited for
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Superior colliculus projections to target populations in the supraoculomotor area of the macaque monkey Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-11-11 Paul J. May, Martin O. Bohlen, Eddie Perkins, Niping Wang, Susan Warren
A projection by the superior colliculus to the supraoculomotor area (SOA) located dorsal to the oculomotor complex was first described in 1978. This projection’s targets have yet to be identified, although the initial study suggested that vertical gaze motoneuron dendrites might receive this input. Defining the tectal targets is complicated by the fact the SOA contains a number of different cell populations
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Classification of pseudocalcium visual responses from mouse retinal ganglion cells Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-11-10 H. Shabani, E. Zrenner, D.L. Rathbun, Z. Hosseinzadeh
Recently, a detailed catalog of 32 retinal ganglion cell (RGC) visual response patterns in mouse has emerged. However, the 10,000 samples required for this catalog—based on fluorescent signals from a calcium indicator dye—are much harder to acquire from the extracellular spike train recordings underlying our bionic vision research. Therefore, we sought to convert spike trains into pseudocalcium signals
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Morphological and electrophysiological specializations of photoreceptors in the love spot of hover fly Volucella pellucens Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-12 Irina I. Ignatova, Ilkka Miinalainen, Roman V. Frolov
Studies of functional variability in the compound eyes of flies reveal superior temporal resolution of photoreceptors from the frontal areas that mediate binocular vision, and in males mate recognition and pursuit. However, the mechanisms underlying differences in performance are not known. Here, we investigated properties of hover fly Volucella pellucens photoreceptors from two regions of the retina
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Structure and function of the gap junctional network of photoreceptive ganglion cells Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-09-16 Xiwu Zhao, Kwoon Y. Wong
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) signal not only anterogradely to drive behavioral responses, but also retrogradely to some amacrine interneurons to modulate retinal physiology. We previously found that all displaced amacrine cells with spiking, tonic excitatory photoresponses receive gap-junction input from ipRGCs, but the connectivity patterns and functional roles of ipRGC-amacrine
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Protein kinase A regulation of pigment granule motility in retinal pigment epithelial cells from fish, Lepomis spp. Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-09-15 Nicole E. Leitner, Christina King-Smith
Retinomotor movements include elongation and contraction of rod and cone photoreceptors, and mass migration of melanin-containing pigment granules (melanosomes) of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) within the eyes of fish, frogs, and other lower vertebrates. Eyes of these animals do not contain dilatable pupils; therefore the repositioning of the rods and cones and a moveable curtain of pigment
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Structural and white matter changes associated with duration of Braille education in early and late blind children Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-08-24 A. Ankeeta, S. Senthil Kumaran, Rohit Saxena, N.R. Jagannathan
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Blockade of retinal or cortical activity does not prevent the development of callosal patches normally associated with ocular dominance columns in primary visual cortex Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 Hsueh Chung Lu, Robyn J. Laing, Jaime F. Olavarria
Callosal patches in primary visual cortex of Long Evans rats, normally associated with ocular dominance columns, emerge by postnatal day 10 (P10), but they do not form in rats monocularly enucleated a few days before P10. We investigated whether we could replicate the results of monocular enucleation by using tetrodotoxin (TTX) to block neural activity in one eye, or in primary visual cortex. Animals
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K+-dependent Müller cell-generated components of the electroretinogram Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-07-23 Andrey V. Dmitriev, Alexander A. Dmitriev, Robert A. Linsenmeier
The electroretinogram (ERG) has been employed for years to collect information about retinal function and pathology. The usefulness of this noninvasive test depends on our understanding of the cell sources that generate the ERG. Important contributors to the ERG are glial Müller cells (MCs), which are capable of generating substantial transretinal potentials in response to light-induced changes in
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Functional connexin35 increased in the myopic chicken retina Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-05-14 Seema Banerjee, Qing Wang, George Tang, ChungHim So, Sze Wan Shan, King Kit Li, Chi-Wai Do, Feng Pan
Our previous research showed that increased phosphorylation of connexin (Cx)36 indicated extended coupling of AII amacrine cells (ACs) in the rod-dominant mouse myopic retina. This research will determine whether phosphorylation at serine 276 of Cx35-containing gap junctions increased in the myopic chicken, whose retina is cone-dominant. Refractive errors and ocular biometric dimensions of 7-days-old
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Cerebellar projections to the macaque midbrain tegmentum: Possible near response connections Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-05-12 Martin O. Bohlen, Paul D. Gamlin, Susan Warren, Paul J. May
Since most gaze shifts are to targets that lie at a different distance from the viewer than the current target, gaze changes commonly require a change in the angle between the eyes. As part of this response, lens curvature must also be adjusted with respect to target distance by the ciliary muscle. It has been suggested that projections by the cerebellar fastigial and posterior interposed nuclei to
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Myelin regulatory factor deficiency is associated with the retinal photoreceptor defects in mice Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 Xiaowei Yu, Nannan Sun, Xue Yang, Zhenni Zhao, Jiamin Zhang, Miao Zhang, Dandan Zhang, Jian Ge, Zhigang Fan
Previously, we reported the myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) as a candidate gene for nanophthalmos. We have also produced Myrf knockdown (Myrf+/−) mouse strain to investigate the cellular and molecular phenotypes of reduced MYRF expression in the retina. Myrf+/− mouse strain was generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Optomotor response system, electroretinogram (ERG), spectral-domain optical coherence
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Retinal microglia polarization in diabetic retinopathy Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 Xin Li, Zi-Wei Yu, Hui-Yao Li, Yue Yuan, Xin-Yuan Gao, Hong-Yu Kuang
Microglia, the main immune cell of the central nervous system (CNS), categorized into M1-like phenotype and M2-like phenotype, play important roles in phagocytosis, cell migration, antigen presentation, and cytokine production. As a part of CNS, retinal microglial cells (RMC) play an important role in retinal diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Recent
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The Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol has a protective role in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy of prematurity Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Xiuying Liang, Ruifen Wang
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been testified to be involved in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which can cause childhood visual impairment. Whether brusatol, an Nrf2 inhibitor, could be utilized to treat ROP was unknown. The oxygen-induced retinopathy rat model was established to mimic ROP, which was further intravitreal administrated with brusatol. Vessel
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The neuroscience of diabetic retinopathy Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 David A. Antonetti
Diabetic retinopathy remains a leading cause of blindness despite recent advance in therapies. Traditionally, this complication of diabetes was viewed predominantly as a microvascular disease but research has pointed to alterations in ganglion cells, glia, microglia, and photoreceptors as well, often occurring without obvious vascular damage. In neural tissue, the microvasculature and neural tissue
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The retinal pigments of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) and their role in visual foraging ecology—CORRIGENDUM Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Jeffry I. Fasick, Haya Algrain, Katherine M. Serba, Phyllis R. Robinson
The spectral tuning properties of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) rod (rhodopsin or Rh1) and long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) cone visual pigments were examined to determine whether these retinal pigments have adapted to the broadband light spectrum available for surface foraging or to the narrowband blue-shifted light spectrum available at depth. Recently published whale shark genomes have identified
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Response to Kuraku et al., 2020. Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Jeffry I Fasick,Phyllis R Robinson
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Response to Kuraku et al., 2020. Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Jeffry I Fasick,Phyllis R Robinson
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Letter to the editor. Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Shigehiro Kuraku,Kazuaki Yamaguchi,Akihisa Terakita,Mitsumasa Koyanagi
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Diabetic photoreceptors: Mechanisms underlying changes in structure and function Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Silke Becker, Lara S. Carroll, Frans Vinberg
Based on clinical findings, diabetic retinopathy (DR) has traditionally been defined as a retinal microvasculopathy. Retinal neuronal dysfunction is now recognized as an early event in the diabetic retina before development of overt DR. While detrimental effects of diabetes on the survival and function of inner retinal cells, such as retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells, are widely recognized
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The effects of early diabetes on inner retinal neurons Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Erika D. Eggers, Teresia A. Carreon
Diabetic retinopathy is now well understood as a neurovascular disease. Significant deficits early in diabetes are found in the inner retina that consists of bipolar cells that receive inputs from rod and cone photoreceptors, ganglion cells that receive inputs from bipolar cells, and amacrine cells that modulate these connections. These functional deficits can be measured in vivo in diabetic humans
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Photoreceptor responses to light in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Shahriyar P. Majidi, Rithwick Rajagopal
Vision loss, among the most feared complications of diabetes, is primarily caused by diabetic retinopathy, a disease that manifests in well-recognized, characteristic microvascular lesions. The reasons for retinal susceptibility to damage in diabetes are unclear, especially considering that microvascular networks are found in all tissues. However, the unique metabolic demands of retinal neurons could
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Of neurons and pericytes: The neuro-vascular approach to diabetic retinopathy Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 Cyril G. Eleftheriou, Elena Ivanova, Botir T. Sagdullaev
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus and an increasingly common cause of visual impairment. Blood vessel damage occurs as the disease progresses, leading to ischemia, neovascularization, blood–retina barrier (BRB) failure and eventual blindness. Although detection and treatment strategies have improved considerably over the past years, there is room for a better
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Regulation of blood flow in diabetic retinopathy Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 Amy R. Nippert, Eric A. Newman
Blood flow in the retina increases in response to light-evoked neuronal activity, ensuring that retinal neurons receive an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients as metabolic demands vary. This response, termed “functional hyperemia,” is disrupted in diabetic retinopathy. The reduction in functional hyperemia may result in retinal hypoxia and contribute to the development of retinopathy. This review
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Two different areas of the nucleus glomerulosus in the South American pufferfish, Colomesus asellus Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Matthias Schmidt
The nucleus glomerulosus (NG) in paracanthopterygian and acanthopterygian teleost fishes receives afferents from neurons of the nucleus corticalis (NC), whose dendrites extend to the layers, stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS) and stratum griseum centrale (SGC), of the tectum opticum. A re-examination in this study revealed, by means of tracer experiments using biotinylated dextran amine
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Preventing diabetic retinopathy by mitigating subretinal space oxidative stressin vivo Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 Bruce A. Berkowitz
Patients with diabetes continue to suffer from impaired visual performance before the appearance of overt damage to the retinal microvasculature and later sight-threatening complications. This diabetic retinopathy (DR) has long been thought to start with endothelial cell oxidative stress. Yet newer data surprisingly finds that the avascular outer retina is the primary site of oxidative stress before
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Inhibitory components of retinal bipolar cell receptive fields are differentially modulated by dopamine D1 receptors Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Reece E. Mazade, Erika D. Eggers
During adaptation to an increase in environmental luminance, retinal signaling adjustments are mediated by the neuromodulator dopamine. Retinal dopamine is released with light and can affect center-surround receptive fields, the coupling state between neurons, and inhibitory pathways through inhibitory receptors and neurotransmitter release. While the inhibitory receptive field surround of bipolar
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Dynamics and sources of response variability and its coordination in visual cortex Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 Mahmood S. Hoseini, Nathaniel C. Wright, Ji Xia, Wesley Clawson, Woodrow Shew, Ralf Wessel
The trial-to-trial response variability in sensory cortices and the extent to which this variability can be coordinated among cortical units have strong implications for cortical signal processing. Yet, little is known about the relative contributions and dynamics of defined sources to the cortical response variability and their correlations across cortical units. To fill this knowledge gap, here we
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Binocular summation in marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Elissa Belluccini, Natalie Zeater, Alexander N.J. Pietersen, Calvin D. Eiber, Paul R. Martin
In primates and carnivores, the main laminae of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) receive monocular excitatory input in an eye-alternating fashion. There is also evidence that nondominant eye stimulation can reduce responses to dominant eye stimulation and that a subset of LGN cells in the koniocellular (K) layers receives convergent binocular excitatory input from both eyes. What is not
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The retinal pigments of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) and their role in visual foraging ecology Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Jeffry I. Fasick, Haya Algrain, Katherine M. Serba, Phyllis R. Robinson
The spectral tuning properties of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) rod (rhodopsin or Rh1) and long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) cone visual pigments were examined to determine whether these retinal pigments have adapted to the broadband light spectrum available for surface foraging or to the narrowband blue-shifted light spectrum available at depth. Recently published whale shark genomes have identified
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PERSPECTIVE Critical periods in amblyopia-CORRIGENDUM. Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2018-06-16 Takao K Hensch,Elizabeth M Quinlan
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Concluding remarks on the Lasker/IRRF initiative on amblyopia. Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2018-06-16 John E Dowling
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Visual thalamus, "it's complicated". Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2017-10-03 Daniel Kerschensteiner,William Guido
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Imaging the adult zebrafish cone mosaic using optical coherence tomography-CORRIGENDUM. Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2017-10-03 Alison L Huckenpahler,Melissa A Wilk,Robert F Cooper,Francie Moehring,Brian A Link,Joseph Carroll,Ross F Collery
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Rod-/L-cone and rod-/M-cone interactions in electroretinograms at different temporal frequencies Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-09-02 JAN KREMERS, HENDRIK P.N. SCHOLL
We recorded electroretinograms (ERGs) under stimulus conditions that only modulated one cone type: either the L- or the M-cones. In these conditions the rods were also modulated. We measured the ERG responses at different temporal frequencies. A simple model that assumes that the first harmonic components of the responses are the result of a vector addition of rod- and cone-driven ERG responses can
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Strain variations in cone wavelength peaks in situ during zebrafish development Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-07-30 Ralph F. Nelson, Annika Balraj, Tara Suresh, Meaghan Torvund, Sara S. Patterson
There are four cone morphologies in zebrafish, corresponding to UV (U), blue (B), green (G), and red (R)-sensing types; yet genetically, eight cone opsins are expressed. How eight opsins are physiologically siloed in four cone types is not well understood, and in larvae, cone physiological spectral peaks are unstudied. We use a spectral model to infer cone wavelength peaks, semisaturation irradiances
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Melanopsin and calbindin immunoreactivity in the inner retina of humans and marmosets Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-06-18 Ashleigh J. Chandra, Sammy C.S. Lee, Ulrike Grünert
In primate retina, the calcium-binding protein calbindin is expressed by a variety of neurons including cones, bipolar cells, and amacrine cells but it is not known which type(s) of cell express calbindin in the ganglion cell layer. The present study aimed to identify calbindin-positive cell type(s) in the amacrine and ganglion cell layer of human and marmoset retina using immunohistochemical markers
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Mitochondrial absorption of short wavelength light drives primate blue retinal cones into glycolysis which may increase their pace of aging Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-06-04 Jaimie Hoh Kam, Tobias W. Weinrich, Harpreet Sangha, Michael B. Powner, Robert Fosbury, Glen Jeffery
Photoreceptors have high energy demands and densely packed mitochondria through which light passes before phototransduction. Old world primates including humans have three cone photoreceptor types mediating color vision with short (S blue), medium (M green), and long (L red) wavelength sensitivities. However, S-cones are enigmatic. They comprise <10% of the total cone population, their responses saturate
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Comparison of contrast sensitivity in macaque monkeys and humans Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-05-21 William H. Ridder, Kai Ming Zhang, Apoorva Karsolia, Michael Engles, James Burke
Contrast sensitivity functions reveal information about a subject’s overall visual ability and have been investigated in several species of nonhuman primates (NHPs) with experimentally induced amblyopia and glaucoma. However, there are no published studies comparing contrast sensitivity functions across these species of normal NHPs. The purpose of this investigation was to compare contrast sensitivity
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Synaptic inhibition tunes contrast computation in the retina Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-05-20 Nicholas W. Oesch, Jeffrey S. Diamond
Inhibition shapes activity and signal processing in neural networks through numerous mechanisms mediated by many different cell types. Here, we examined how one type of GABAergic interneuron in the retina, the A17 amacrine cell, influences visual information processing. Our results suggest that A17s, which make reciprocal feedback inhibitory synapses onto rod bipolar cell (RBC) synaptic terminals,
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Calcium-permeable glutamate receptors in horizontal cells of the mammalian retina Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-05-07 LUIS RIVERA, ROMAN BLANCO, PEDRO DE LA VILLA
Mechanisms that mediate the calcium influx in mammalian horizontal cells were studied. Horizontal cells (HCs) enzymatically dissociated from the rabbit retina were recorded by the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique and by calcium image ratioespectrophotometry of Fura-2 loaded cells. AMPA-preferring glutamate receptors were shown to permeate Ca2+ in mammalian HCs by ionic substitution
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120 Hz oscillations in the flash visual evoked potential are strictly phase-locked and limited to the first 100 ms Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-05-07 SVEN P. HEINRICH, MICHAEL BACH
Flash stimulation elicits a visual evoked potential (VEP) as part of the electroencephalogram (EEG). This VEP is known to contain strong oscillatory activity around 120 Hz, which ceases 100 ms after the flash. It was unclear so far whether this time limit represents an averaging artifact due to loss of intertrial phase coherence or indicates a veridical cessation. Here we present results obtained from
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Modeling corticofugal feedback and the sensitivity of lateral geniculate neurons to orientation discontinuity Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-05-07 FERNAND HAYOT, DANIEL TRANCHINA
We model feedback from primary visual cortex to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). This feedback makes dLGN neurons sensitive to orientation discontinuity (Sillito et al., 1993; Cudeiro & Sillito, 1996). In the model, each dLGN neuron receives retinotopic input driven by layer 6 cortical neurons in a full set of orientation columns. Excitation is monosynaptic, while inhibition is through
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Turtle C-type horizontal cells act as push–pull devices Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-05-07 G. TWIG, H. LEVY, I. PERLMAN
Chromaticity (C-type) horizontal cells in the retina of cold-blooded vertebrates receive antagonistic inputs from cone photoreceptors of different spectral types leading to color opponency. The relative contribution of each spectral type of cones can be selectively altered by chromatic background illumination. Therefore, the spectral properties of C-type horizontal cells are expected to change when
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Differential expression of cadherin-2 and cadherin-4 in the developing and adult zebrafish visual system Vis. Neurosci. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2019-05-07 Q. LIU, S.G. BABB, Z.M. NOVINCE, A.L. DOEDENS, J. MARRS, P.A. RAYMOND
Cadherins are homophilic cell adhesion molecules that control development of a variety of tissues and maintenance of adult structures. Although cadherins have been implicated in the development of the brain, including the visual system, in several vertebrate species, little is known of their role in zebrafish. In this study, we examined distribution of cadherin-2 (Cdh2, N-cadherin) in the visual system