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Adapting a coach-assisted web-based intervention for parents of adolescents who refuse school: qualitative study with users of the Partners in Parenting Plus programme BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Anna Smout, Glenn Melvin, Anthony Jorm, Marie B. H. Yap
Background School refusal is a heterogenous problem which typically emerges in adolescence and co-occurs with internalising disorders. A substantial proportion of adolescents do not respond to existing treatment modalities; thus, novel, effective intervention options are needed. Partners in Parenting Plus (PiP+) is a coach-assisted, web-based intervention designed to empower parents to respond to adolescent
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Interaction effect of race-ethnicity and dementia on COVID-19 diagnosis among a national US older adult sample BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Roger Wong, Jason Rafael Grullon
Older racial and ethnic minorities and older adults with dementia have an elevated COVID-19 risk, warranting research into the intersection between these two high-risk groups. We examined whether race-ethnicity moderates the association between dementia and COVID-19 diagnosis. Data were retrieved for 3189 respondents from a nationally representative prospective cohort sample of US older adults aged
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Effect of gender identity on the association between gender dysphoria and suicidality via appearance anxiety among transgender and gender-diverse young people: moderated mediation study BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Jiaqi Li, Yi Feng, Yi Yu, Shicun Xu, Yuanyuan Wang
Background Gender dysphoria is associated with suicidality among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people. Gender dysphoria also results in a stress on appearance.Aims The objectives of this study were to examine: (a) whether appearance anxiety mediates the effect of gender dysphoria on suicidality; and (b) whether gender identity moderates the mediating effect of appearance anxiety.Method A total
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The UK National Recovery Survey: nationally representative survey of people overcoming a drug or alcohol problem BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Ed Day, Ifigeneia Manitsa, Amanda Farley, John F. Kelly
Background Alcohol or drug (AOD) problems are a significant health burden in the UK population, and understanding pathways to remission is important.Aims To determine the UK population prevalence of overcoming an AOD problem and the prevalence and correlates of ‘assisted’ pathways to problem resolution.Method Stage 1: a screening question was administered in a national telephone survey to provide (a)
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Medicinal cannabis for treating post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression: real-world evidence BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Michael T. Lynskey, Alkyoni Athanasiou-Fragkouli, Hannah Thurgur, Anne Katrin Schlag, David J. Nutt
Background Cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) are increasingly being used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), despite limited evidence of their efficacy. PTSD is often comorbid with major depression, and little is known about whether comorbid depression alters the effectiveness of CBMPs.Aims To document the prevalence of depression among individuals seeking CBMPs to treat PTSD and
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Loneliness in adolescence and prescription of psychotropic drugs in adulthood: 23-year longitudinal population-based and registry study BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Rubén Rodríguez-Cano, Karianne Lotre, Tilmann von Soest, Eline Borger Rognli, Jørgen Gustav Bramness
Background The role of adolescent loneliness in adult mental health and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs remains underexplored.Aims We aim to determine whether (a) experiencing loneliness in adolescence and (b) changes in loneliness from adolescence to adulthood are prospectively associated with prescriptions for a variety of psychotropic drugs in adulthood.Method We used data from a Norwegian population-based
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Primary outcome reporting in clinical trials for older adults with depression BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Myanca Rodrigues, Anna Oprea, Keily Johnson, Alexander Dufort, Nitika Sanger, Pegah Ghiassi, Stephanie Sanger, Balpreet Panesar, Alessia D'Elia, Sameer Parpia, Zainab Samaan, Lehana Thabane
Background Findings from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are synthesised through meta-analyses, which inform evidence-based decision-making. When key details regarding trial outcomes are not fully reported, knowledge synthesis and uptake of findings into clinical practice are impeded.Aims Our study assessed reporting of primary outcomes in RCTs for older adults with major depressive disorder (MDD)
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A systematic review of COVID-19 and the presentation of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder-like symptoms BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Kristen Maunder, Oscar Markey, Rachel Batchelor, Fiona McNicholas
Background The adverse effects of COVID-19 and the associated restrictions on eating disorder populations have been discussed in recent literature. However, little is known about the presentation of cases with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) during this period.Aims To explore the extent of the literature on the presentation of ARFID, and ARFID-like cases, during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Trajectory of adjustment difficulties following disaster: 10-year longitudinal cohort study BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Belinda J. Pacella, Sean Cowlishaw, Lisa Gibbs, Richard A. Bryant, Kate Brady, Colin Gallagher, Robyn Molyneaux, Kari Gibson, Karen Block, Louise Harms, David Forbes, Meaghan L. O'Donnell
Background Although much is known about psychopathology such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression following bushfire (also known as wildfire), little is known about prevalence, trajectory and impacts for those experiencing general adjustment difficulties following exposure to these now-common events.Aims This was an exploratory analysis of a large cohort study that examined the prevalence
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Frontal theta oscillations during emotion regulation in people with borderline personality disorder BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Moritz Haaf, Nenad Polomac, Ana Starcevic, Marvin Lack, Stefanie Kellner, Anna-Lena Dohrmann, Ulrike Fuger, Saskia Steinmann, Jonas Rauh, Guido Nolte, Christoph Mulert, Gregor Leicht
Background Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric disorder conceptualised as a disorder of emotion regulation. Emotion regulation has been linked to a frontolimbic network comprising the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, which apparently synchronises its activity via oscillatory coupling in the theta frequency range.Aims To analyse whether there are distinct differences
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Factors associated with involuntary mental healthcare in New South Wales, Australia BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Amy Corderoy, Matthew Michael Large, Christopher Ryan, Grant Sara
Background There is uncertainty about factors associated with involuntary in-patient psychiatric care. Understanding these factors would help in reducing coercion in psychiatry.Aims To explore variables associated with involuntary care in the largest database of involuntary admissions published.Method We identified 166 102 public mental health hospital admissions over 5 years in New South Wales, Australia
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Chronic constipation in people with intellectual disabilities in the community: cross-sectional study BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Richard Laugharne, Indermeet Sawhney, Bhathika Perera, Delia Wainwright, Paul Bassett, Briony Caffrey, Maire O'Dwyer, Kirsten Lamb, Mike Wilcock, Ashok Roy, Katy Oak, Sharon Eustice, Nick Newton, James Sterritt, Ruth Bishop, Rohit Shankar
Background One-third to half of people with intellectual disabilities suffer from chronic constipation (defined as two or fewer bowel movements weekly or taking regular laxatives three or more times weekly), a cause of significant morbidity and premature mortality. Research on risk factors associated with constipation is limited.Aims To enumerate risk factors associated with constipation in this population
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A cross-sectional investigation on remote working, loneliness, workplace isolation, well-being and perceived social support in healthcare workers BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Dearbhla O'Hare, Fiona Gaughran, Robert Stewart, Mariana Pinto da Costa
Background Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare trusts began to implement remote working arrangements, with little knowledge of their impact on staff well-being.Aims To investigate how remote working of healthcare workers during the pandemic may have been associated with stress, productivity and work satisfaction at that time, and associations between loneliness, workplace isolation
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Developing interventions to improve detection of depression in primary healthcare settings in rural Ethiopia BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Mekdes Demissie, Rahel Birhane, Charlotte Hanlon, Tigist Eshetu, Girmay Medhin, Abebaw Minaye, Kassahun Habtamu, Anthony J. Cleare, Barkot Milkias, Martin Prince, Abebaw Fekadu
Background The poor detection of depression in primary healthcare (PHC) in low- and middle-income countries continues to threaten the plan to scale up mental healthcare coverage.Aims To describe the process followed to develop an intervention package to improve detection of depression in PHC settings in rural Ethiopia.Method The study was conducted in Sodo, a rural district in south Ethiopia. The Medical
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IL-6 predicts non-suicidal self-injury over 3 months in high-risk adolescents BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Sunhye Bai, Joan R. Asarnow, Kalina N. Babeva, Michael R. Irwin
Background Suicide is the second leading cause of death in 12- to 17-year-old adolescents in the USA. Research on biological mechanisms contributing to self-harm risk that could be targeted in treatment could help to prevent suicide and self-harm episodes.Aims We aimed to evaluate whether markers of inflammation, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), predict self-harm over 3 months within
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Using web-based, guided self-help to bridge the waiting time for face-to-face out-patient treatment for bulimic-spectrum disorders: randomised controlled trial BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Bianka Vollert, See Heng Yim, Dennis Görlich, Ina Beintner, Gemma Gordon, Peter Musiat, Ulrike Schmidt, Corinna Jacobi
Background Although effective treatments for bulimic-spectrum eating disorders exist, access is often delayed because of limited therapist availability and lengthy waiting lists. Web-based self-help interventions have the potential to bridge waiting times for face-to-face treatment and overcome existing treatment gaps.Aims This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a web-based guided self-help
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Associations among loneliness, internal locus of control and subjective accelerated ageing in older adults who received the booster vaccination BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Lee Greenblatt-Kimron, Yuval Palgi, Tali Regev, Boaz M. Ben-David
Background A rise in loneliness among older adults since the COVID-19 outbreak, even after vaccination, has been highlighted. Loneliness has deleterious consequences, with specific effects on perceptions of the ageing process during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coping with stressful life events and the challenges of ageing may result in a perception of acceleration of this process.Aim Studies have shown
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Emotions and behaviours of child and adolescent psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Claudine Laurent-Levinson, Anne-Sophie Pellen, Hugues Pellerin, Cyril Hanin, Juliette Bouzy, Marie Devernay, Vanessa Milhiet, Xavier Benarous, Angèle Consoli, Jianxin Shi, Douglas F. Levinson, David Cohen
Background Previous pandemics have had negative effects on mental health, but there are few data on children and adolescents who were receiving ongoing psychiatric treatment.Aims To study changes in emotions and clinical state, and their predictors, during the COVID-19 pandemic in France.Method We administered (by interview) the baseline Youth Self-Report version of the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey
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Is trypophobia real? BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Geoff G. Cole
Approximately 10–18% of the adult population experience some form of anxiety when viewing clusters of small holes. ‘Trypophobia’ has been the subject of much discussion within the peer-reviewed literature, news outlets, health-related websites and social media. However, there is some scepticism surrounding the phenomenon. It is often stated that the condition is not recognised by the American Psychiatric
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Immune response to vaccination in people with psychotic disorders relative to healthy controls: prospective study of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Oisín O'Brien, Atheeshaan Arumuham, Yuya Mizuno, Luke Baxter, Maria Lobo, Sita Parmar, Stephen Jolles, Oliver D. Howes
This prospective study examines the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with psychotic disorders compared with healthy volunteers. Participants were recruited naturalistically as part of the UK's COVID-19 vaccination programme. Prior to receiving their first COVID-19 vaccine, blood samples were provided by participants to examine anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (IgG) at baseline,
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Variation in symptoms of common mental disorders in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal cohort study BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Rob Saunders, Joshua E. J. Buckman, Jae Won Suh, Peter Fonagy, Stephen Pilling, Feifei Bu, Daisy Fancourt
Background A significant rise in mental health disorders was expected during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, referrals to mental health services dropped for several months before rising to pre-pandemic levels.Aims To identify trajectories of incidence and risk factors for common mental disorders among the general population during 14 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, to inform potential mental health
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Alexithymia and peer victimisation: interconnected pathways to adolescent non-suicidal self-injury BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Qian-Nan Ruan, Linhui Liu, Guang-Hui Shen, Yu-Wei Wu, Wen-Jing Yan
Background The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents underscores the importance of understanding the complex factors that drive this behaviour. Framed within broader constructs of emotional regulation theories, alexithymia and peer victimisation are thought to interact to influence NSSI behaviours.Aim This research addresses whether alexithymia and peer victimisation serve
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Stigma and public attitudes toward euthanasia or assisted suicide for psychiatric conditions: results from a general population survey in Germany BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Georg Schomerus, Stephanie Schindler, Eva Baumann, Matthias C. Angermeyer
Background With growing numbers of countries legalizing euthanasia or assisted suicide (EAS), there is a debate as to whether EAS should also be available to people with severe, treatment-resistant mental illness. Excluding mental illness as a legitimate reason to receive EAS has been framed as discriminating against people with mental illness.Aims We examine whether approval or opposition to psychiatric
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Pandemic impacts and experiences after disaster in Australia: qualitative study of compound impacts following the Black Summer bushfires BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 S. Cowlishaw, C. O'Dwyer, C. Bowd, N. Sadler, M. O'Donnell, D. Forbes, A. Howard
Background The first cases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia were recorded in January 2020, which was during the ‘Black Summer’ bushfires of 2019–20 and prior to additional disasters in some regions. Few studies have considered the compound impact of disasters and the pandemic.Aims To improve understanding of the impact on mental health and well-being of the pandemic in disaster-affected communities
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‘Am I really the priority here?’: help-seeking experiences of university students who self-harmed BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Alice Tickell, Peter Fonagy, Katalin Hajdú, Sandra Obradović, Stephen Pilling
Background Self-harm is a significant problem in university students because of its association with emotional distress, physical harm, broader mental health issues and potential suicidality. Research suggests that fewer than half of students who have self-harmed seek professional help when at university.Aims This study aimed to explore the help-seeking journeys of university students who had engaged
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Psychotropic medicines’ prevalence, patterns and effects on cognitive and physical function in older adults with intellectual disability in Ireland: longitudinal cohort study, 2009–2020 BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Marina Odalović, Ashleigh Gorman, Aviejay Paul, Philip McCallion, Éilish Burke, Malcolm MacLachlan, Mary McCarron, Martin C. Henman, Maeve Moran, Juliette O'Connell, Michael Walsh, Rohit Shankar, Caitriona Ryan, Máire O'Dwyer
Background The frequent prescribing of psychotropics and high prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults with intellectual disabilities require close monitoring.Aims To describe change in prevalence, predictors and health outcomes of psychotropic use during the four waves (2009/2010, 2013/2014, 2016/2017, 2019/2020) of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
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Depression, anxiety and brain volume after hearing loss and tinnitus: cohort study in the UK Biobank BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Xiaowan Chen, Kejia Hu, Huan Song, Li Yin, Magnus Kaijser, Tiril P. Gurholt, Ole A. Andreassen, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Fang Fang, Maoli Duan
Background Hearing loss and tinnitus have been proposed as potential indicators of impaired mental health and brain morphological changes.Aims To assess the associations of hearing loss and tinnitus with the risk of depression and anxiety and with brain volume.Method We conducted a community-based cohort study including 129 610 participants aged 40−69 years at recruitment to the UK Biobank with a follow-up
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Evaluation of the psychometrics of the Social Impact Scale and its association with depression among asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Rongxi Wang, Zuxin Wang, Dake Shi, Liling Xu, Yujie Liu, Shangbin Liu, Hui Chen, Yingjie Chen, Danni Xia, Xin Ge, Huifang Xu, Yufei Chen, Zhiqiang Wang, Ruijie Chang, Fan Hu, Tian Shen, Ying Wang, Yong Cai
Background COVID-19 carriers experience psychological stresses and mental health issues such as varying degrees of stigma. The Social Impact Scale (SIS) can be used to measure the stigmatisation of COVID-19 carriers who experience such problems.Aims To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the SIS, and the association between stigma and depression among asymptomatic COVID-19
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Acute behavioural disturbance: what's in a name? BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Derek K. Tracy
Acute behavioural disturbance (ABD) is a highly contentious topic, with debate about its validity as a construct. Particular concerns have been raised about how it places societal problems ‘in’ people – disproportionately from minority ethnic backgrounds – medicalising being a victim of violence. The author reflects on his experiences ‘with’ ABD.
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The Psychological Emptiness Scale: a psychometric evaluation BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Shona Joyce Herron, Rob Saunders, Fabio Sani, Janet Feigenbaum
Background Feelings of emptiness are commonly reported as deeply distressing experiences. Despite established relationships between emptiness and many mental health difficulties, alongside self-harm and suicide, further study into this phenomenon has been restricted by vague definition and clinical measures with limited utility. Recently the first definition validated by individuals with lived experience
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Neuroticism, perceived stress, adverse life events and self-efficacy as predictors of the development of functional somatic disorders: longitudinal population-based study (DanFunD) BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Marie Weinreich Petersen, Tina Birgitte Wisbech Carstensen, Kaare Bro Wellnitz, Eva Ørnbøl, Lisbeth Frostholm, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft, Torben Jørgensen, Lene Falgaard Eplov, Per Fink
Background Functional somatic disorder (FSD) is a unifying diagnosis that includes functional somatic syndromes such as irritable bowel, chronic widespread pain (CWP) and chronic fatigue. Several psychological factors are associated with FSD. However, longitudinal population-based studies elucidating the causal relationship are scarce.Aims To explore if neuroticism, perceived stress, adverse life events
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Therapeutic efficacy of probiotics for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: meta-analysis BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Shun-Chin Liang, Cheuk-Kwan Sun, Chih-Hua Chang, Yu-Shian Cheng, Ruu-Fen Tzang, Hsien-Jane Chiu, Ming Yu Wang, Ying-Chih Cheng, Kuo-Chuan Hung
Background The efficacy of probiotics as a therapeutic alternative for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain unclear.Aims To investigate the effectiveness of probiotics for symptoms of ADHD and identify possible factors affecting their efficacy.Method Randomised placebo-controlled trials were identified through searching major databases from inception to April 2023, using the main
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived changes in responsibilities for adult caregivers who support children and youth in Ontario, Canada BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Madeline Chiang, Roula Markoulakis, Anthony Levitt
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has created long-lasting changes in caregiving responsibilities, including but not limited to increased demands, loss of support, worsening mental and physical health, and increased financial worries. There is currently limited evidence regarding factors associated with perceived changes in caregiving responsibilities.Aims This observational study aimed to investigate
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Stimulant medication and suicide mortality in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Korie M. Rice, Talya Peltzman, Daniel Gottlieb, Brian Shiner, Bradley Vincent Watts
Patients diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an elevated risk for suicide. No prior work has assessed the association between stimulant prescriptions and death by suicide in this population. This retrospective cohort study included Department of Veterans Affairs patients with an active ADHD diagnosis that received stimulant medications between 2016 and 2019. We found
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Care pathways, prescribing practices and treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression: retrospective, population-based cohort study BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Sofia Pappa, Moulesh Shah, Sophie Young, Tazneem Anwar, Timothy Ming
Background Despite the availability of effective therapies, many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) develop treatment-resistant depression (TRD).Aims To evaluate and compare prescribing patterns, contact with specialist services and treatment outcomes in patients with MDD and TRD.Method This was a retrospective analysis of linked primary and secondary care National Health Service data in
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Recovery-focused self-help intervention using vodcasts for patients with personality disorder: feasibility randomised controlled trial BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Youl-Ri Kim, Zhen An, Soo Wan Han, Jeong Kyung Ko, Kyung Hwa Kwag
Background Availability of long-term psychological interventions for personality disorders is limited because of their high intensity and cost. Research in evidence-based, low-intensity interventions is needed.Aims This study aimed to examine the feasibility, acceptability and potential impact of a low-intensity, digital guided self-help (GSH) intervention that is focused on emotion regulation, recovery-oriented
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Comparison of coercive practices in worldwide mental healthcare: overcoming difficulties resulting from variations in monitoring strategies BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Martha K. Savage, Peter Lepping, Giles Newton-Howes, Richard Arnold, Vincent S. Staggs, Steven Kisely, Toshio Hasegawa, Keith S. Reid, Eric O. Noorthoorn
Background Coercive or restrictive practices such as compulsory admission, involuntary medication, seclusion and restraint impinge on individual autonomy. International consensus mandates reduction or elimination of restrictive practices in mental healthcare. To achieve this requires knowledge of the extent of these practices.Aims We determined rates of coercive practices and compared them across countries
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Research following trauma in minority ethnic and faith communities: lessons from a study of the psychosocial sequelae of the Christchurch mosque terror attacks BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Ruqayya Sulaiman-Hill, Richard Porter, Philip Schluter, Ben Beaglehole, Shaystah Dean, Sandila Tanveer, Joseph Boden, Caroline Bell
Recruiting participants for research from highly traumatised ethnic and faith communities requires a participatory and trauma-informed approach that considers logistic barriers, as well as trauma-related and culture-specific issues. Active community engagement through every stage of the project and employing community members in research roles can help build trust, identify and mitigate concerns early
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Severe depression and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Scotland: 20 year national cohort study BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Raied Alotaibi, Nynke Halbesma, Sarah H. Wild, Caroline A. Jackson
Background Understanding cause of death in people with depression could inform approaches to reducing premature mortality.Aim To describe all-cause and cause-specific mortality for people with severe depression in Scotland, by sex, relative to the general population.Method We performed a retrospective cohort study, using psychiatric hospital admission data linked to death data, to identify adults (≥18
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Global prevalence of psychosocial assessment following hospital-treated self-harm: systematic review and meta-analysis BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Katrina Witt, Katie McGill, Bernard Leckning, Nicole T. M. Hill, Benjamin M. Davies, Jo Robinson, Gregory Carter
Background Hospital-treated self-harm is common, costly and associated with repeated self-harm and suicide. Providing a comprehensive psychosocial assessment following self-harm is recommended by professional bodies and may improve outcomes.Aims To review the provision of psychosocial assessments after hospital-presenting self-harm and the extent to which macro-level factors indicative of service provision
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What will others think of me? The longitudinal association between trauma-related shame and guilt and psychopathology after a terror attack BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Kristin Alve Glad, Helene Flood Aakvaag, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Grete Dyb, Siri Thoresen
Background Trauma-related shame and guilt have been identified as important factors for mental health following interpersonal trauma. For survivors of terror and disasters, however, the role of shame and guilt remains largely unknown.Aims To explore the long-term occurrence of trauma-related shame and guilt among survivors of a terror attack, and the potential importance of these emotions for mental
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Functional neuroimaging biomarkers of anhedonia response to escitalopram plus adjunct aripiprazole treatment for major depressive disorder BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Sophie R. Vaccarino, Shijing Wang, Sakina J. Rizvi, Wendy Lou, Stefanie Hassel, Glenda M. MacQueen, Keith Ho, Benicio N. Frey, Raymond W. Lam, Roumen V. Milev, Susan Rotzinger, Arun V. Ravindran, Stephen C. Strother, Sidney H. Kennedy
Background Identifying neuroimaging biomarkers of antidepressant response may help guide treatment decisions and advance precision medicine.Aims To examine the relationship between anhedonia and functional neurocircuitry in key reward processing brain regions in people with major depressive disorder receiving aripiprazole adjunct therapy with escitalopram.Method Data were collected as part of the CAN-BIND-1
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Gender differences in prevalence and clinical risk factors of suicide attempts in young adults with first-episode drug-naive major depressive disorder BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Quanfeng Zhu, Xiaoe Lang, Xiang-Yang Zhang
Background Suicide rates in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) change with age and gender. Early adulthood is an important transitional stage between late adolescence and adulthood, in which an individual's mind gradually matures. However, there are fewer studies on prevalence and variables linked to the suicide attempts of young adults with MDD.Aims To explore gender differences in the
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The high cost of care and limited evidence on cost-effective strategies for Lewy body dementia: systematic review of evidence BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Erin Boland, Rachel Fitzpatrick, Dearbhail Ryan, Joseph Kane, Sara Betzhold, Iracema Leroi, Irina Kinchin
Background Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a prevalent yet frequently underdiagnosed form of dementia, accounting for up to 15% of all dementia cases.Aims This study aims to increase awareness and advocacy for LBD by gathering and critically assessing the economic evidence, including the cost of illness and cost-effectiveness of interventions for managing LBD.Method A systematic literature review was undertaken
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An exploratory study of psychosis risk factors in individuals who are referred but do not meet criteria for an early intervention in psychosis service BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Sean Naughton, Aoife Brady, Eoin Geary, Eimear Counihan, Mary Clarke
Background The ‘at-risk mental state’ (ARMS) for psychosis has been critiqued for its limited prognostic ability and identification of a limited proportion of those who will develop a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Broadening the search for high-risk groups is key to improving population-level ascertainment of psychosis risk.Aims To explore risk enrichment in diagnostic, demographic and socio-functional
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Proxy measures for the assessment of psychotic and affective symptoms in studies using electronic health records BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Álvaro López-Díaz, Fernanda Jazmín Palermo-Zeballos, Luis Gutierrez-Rojas, Luis Alameda, Francisco Gotor-Sánchez-Luengo, Nathalia Garrido-Torres, Johann Métrailler, Livia Alerci, Vincent Bonnarel, Pablo Cano-Domínguez, Elma Avanesi-Molina, Miguel Soto-Ontoso, Rocio Torrecilla-Olavarrieta, Leticia Irene Muñoz-Manchado, Pedro Torres-Hernández, Fermín González-Higueras, Juan Luis Prados-Ojeda, Mario Herrera-Cortés
Background There is a lack of standardised psychometric data in electronic health record (EHR)-based research. Proxy measures of symptom severity based on patients' clinical records may be useful surrogates in mental health EHR research.Aims This study aimed to validate proxy tools for the short versions of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-6), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS-6) and Montgomery–Åsberg
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Bringing together the World Health Organization's QualityRights initiative and the World Psychiatric Association's programme on implementing alternatives to coercion in mental healthcare: a common goal for action BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Neeraj Gill, Natalie Drew, Maria Rodrigues, Hassan Muhsen, Guadalupe Morales Cano, Martha Savage, Soumitra Pathare, John Allan, Silvana Galderisi, Afzal Javed, Helen Herrman, Michelle Funk
Background Stakeholders worldwide increasingly acknowledge the need to address coercive practices in mental healthcare. Options have been described and evaluated in several countries, as noted recently in major policy documents from the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Psychiatric Association (WPA). The WHO's QualityRights initiative promotes human rights and quality of care for persons with
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North Korean defectors with PTSD and complex PTSD show alterations in default mode network resting-state functional connectivity BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Byung-Hoon Kim, Jiwon Baek, Ocksim Kim, Hokon Kim, Minjeong Ko, Sang Hui Chu, Young-Chul Jung
Background North Korean defectors (NKDs) have often been exposed to traumatic events. However, there have been few studies of neural alterations in NKDs with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (cPTSD).Aims To investigate neural alterations in NKDs with PTSD and cPTSD, with a specific focus on alterations in resting-state functional connectivity networks, including the default mode
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First-episode psychosis intervention programme versus standard care for the clinical management of early phases of psychosis: cost analysis BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Oliver Ibarrondo, María Recio-Barbero, Iker Ustarroz, Janire Cabezas-Garduño, Oihane Mentxaka, Teresa Acaiturri, Elisa Gómez, Rafael Segarra
Background Early intervention programmes (EIPs) in psychosis have gained attention as specialised interventions to improve health-related and societal impacts for people with psychotic disorders. Previous studies have presented evidence in favour of EIPs over the first year of intervention, despite none considering the critical period before psychosis onset (5 years).Aims To compare the associated
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The long-term effects of consecutive COVID-19 waves on mental health BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Jan Sebastian Novotný, Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Rivas, Šárka Kunzová, Mária Skladaná, Anna Pospíšilová, Anna Polcrová, Maria Vassilaki, Jose Ramon Medina-Inojosa, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Yonas Endale Geda, Gorazd Bernard Stokin
Background Although several studies have documented the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, the long-term effects remain unclear.Aims To examine longitudinal changes in mental health before and during the consecutive COVID-19 waves in a well-established probability sample.Method An online survey was completed by the participants of the COVID-19 add-on study at four time points: pre-COVID-19
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Impact of the Japanese Government's ‘General Principles of Suicide Prevention Policy’ on youth suicide from 2007 to 2022 BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Ryusuke Matsumoto, Eishi Motomura, Takashi Shiroyama, Motohiro Okada
Background The Japanese Government programme ‘General Principles of Suicide Prevention Policy' (GPSPP) contributed to decreasing suicide mortality rates (SMRs) before the COVID-19 pandemic, but they increased after the pandemic.Aims To identify risk factors for youth suicide and the impact of GPSPP on youth suicide.Method Annual suicide numbers during 2007–2022 were obtained from government databases
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A systematic review of peer support interventions for student mental health and well-being in higher education BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Julia Pointon-Haas, Luqmaan Waqar, Rebecca Upsher, Juliet Foster, Nicola Byrom, Jennifer Oates
Background Higher education institutions (HEIs) are seeking effective ways to address the rising demand for student mental health services. Peer support is widely considered a viable option to increase service capacity; however, there are no agreed definitions of peer support, making it difficult to establish its impact on student mental health and well-being.Aims This systematic review aims to better
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Working conditions, psychological distress and suicidal ideation: cross-sectional survey study of UK junior doctors BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Kevin Rui-Han Teoh, Alice Dunning, Anna Kathryn Taylor, Anya Gopfert, Carolyn A. Chew-Graham, Johanna Spiers, Louis Appleby, Maria Van Hove, Marta Buszewicz, Ruth Riley
Background Evidence attests a link between junior doctors’ working conditions and psychological distress. Despite increasing concerns around suicidality among junior doctors, little is known about its relationship to their working conditions.Aims To (a) establish the prevalence of suicidal ideation among junior doctors in the National Health Service; (b) examine the relationships between perceived
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Psychoeducation as an active ingredient for interventions for perinatal depression and anxiety in youth: a mixed-method systematic literature review and lived experience synthesis BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Wezi Mhango, Lucie Crowter, Daniel Michelson, Darya Gaysina
Background Psychoeducation is a common element in psychological interventions for youth depression and anxiety, but evidence about its use with youth perinatally is limited.Aims This review aims to understand outcomes and mechanisms of psychoeducation for the indicated prevention and treatment of perinatal depression and anxiety in youth.Method For this review, we synthesised published quantitative
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Management of sleep disorders in autism spectrum disorder with co-occurring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: update for clinicians BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Theodore Petti, Mayank Gupta, Yuli Fradkin, Nihit Gupta
Aims To update and examine available literature germane to the recognition, assessment and treatment of comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep disruption, with a predominant focus on children, adolescents and emerging adults.Background Considerable overlaps exist among ASD, ADHD and sleep disruption. Literature and guidance for clinicians
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A country report: impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on involuntary psychiatric treatment in Austria BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Matthäus Fellinger, Thomas Waldhör, Benjamin Vyssoki, Michaela Amering, Lisa Leutgeb, Andreas Gschaider, Bernhard Rappert, Daniel König, Gernot Fugger, Philipp Knasmüller, Andrea Gmeiner
Background Coercive measures such as involuntary psychiatric admission are considered a last resort in the treatment of people with psychiatric disorders. So far, numerous factors have been identified that influence their use. However, the link between a pandemic – in particular, restrictions such as lockdowns – and the use of involuntary psychiatric admission is unclear.Aim To examine the association
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Computational modelling of reinforcement learning and functional neuroimaging of probabilistic reversal for dissociating compulsive behaviours in gambling and cocaine use disorders BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Katharina Zühlsdorff, Juan Verdejo-Román, Luke Clark, Natalia Albein-Urios, Carles Soriano-Mas, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Trevor W. Robbins, Jeffrey W. Dalley, Antonio Verdejo-García, Jonathan W. Kanen
Background Individuals with cocaine use disorder or gambling disorder demonstrate impairments in cognitive flexibility: the ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Flexibility is commonly assessed in a laboratory setting using probabilistic reversal learning, which involves reinforcement learning, the process by which feedback from the environment is used to adjust behavior.Aims It is poorly
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Impact of spirituality on elderly people's quality of life and life satisfaction after acute myocardial infarction: Iranian hospital-based study BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Zohreh Hosseini Marznaki, Majid Khalilizad, Azadeh Moradi, Mohammed A. Mamun
Background As people age, survival after a heart attack can affect their quality of life and lead to a decrease in life satisfaction. After a myocardial infarction, elderly patients may experience physical, psychological, emotional and social changes that affect their thoughts and behaviour in relation to spirituality.Aims To investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and other sociodemographic
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Mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and young adults: empirical analysis of the past, present and the way forward BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Mayank Gupta
The SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants have had and are having serious implications for the mental health of the public. The critical limitations in the published literature for children, adolescents and young adults raise doubts about their clinical utility and overall generalisability. Amidst these gaps in knowledge, a twin study (Rimfeld et al) addresses several of these issues in relation to heritable
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The association between childhood maltreatment and internet addiction among Chinese junior middle school students: prospective cohort study BJPsych Open (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Xingyue Jin, Yuxin Wang, Chunxiang Huang, Xuerong Luo, Xueping Gao, Yanmei Shen
Background Childhood maltreatment is associated with internet addiction, but most evidence is from retrospective studies.Aims We aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and internet addiction through a prospective cohort design.Method In a prospective cohort study, self-reported data on childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form) at baseline, and