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Comparing the Perspectives of Generative AI, Mental Health Experts, and the General Public on Schizophrenia Recovery: Case Vignette Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Zohar Elyoseph, Inbar Levkovich
Background: Background: The current paradigm in mental healthcare focuses on clinical recovery and symptom remission. This model’s efficacy is influenced by therapist trust in patient recovery potential and therapeutic relationship depth. Schizophrenia is a chronic illness with severe symptoms where the possibility of recovery is a matter of debate. As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes integrated
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Efficacy of BrighterSide, a Self-Guided App for Suicidal Ideation: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Natasha Josifovski, Michelle Torok, Philip Batterham, Quincy Wong, Joanne R Beames, Adam Theobald, Sarah Holland, Kit Huckvale, Jo Riley, Nicole Cockayne, Helen Christensen, Mark Larsen
Background: Self-guided digital interventions can reduce the severity of suicidal ideation, although there remain relatively few, rigorously evaluated, smartphone apps targeting suicidality. Objective: This trial evaluated whether the BrighterSide® smartphone app intervention was superior to a waitlist control group at reducing the severity of suicidal ideation. Methods: 550 adults aged 18-65 with
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Effectiveness of One Videoconference-Based Exposure and Response Prevention Session at Home in Adjunction to Inpatient Treatment in Persons With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Nonrandomized Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Ulrich Voderholzer, Adrian Meule, Stefan Koch, Simone Pfeuffer, Anna-Lena Netter, Dirk Lehr, Eva Maria Zisler
Background: Therapist-guided exposure and response prevention (ERP) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is frequently conducted within clinical settings but rarely at places where patients are usually confronted with OCD symptom-provoking situations in daily life (eg, at home). Objective: This study aimed to investigate patients’ views on 1 ERP session at home via videoconference
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Action Opportunities to Pursue Responsible Digital Care for People With Intellectual Disabilities: Qualitative Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Nienke M Siebelink, Kirstin N van Dam, Dirk R M Lukkien, Brigitte Boon, Merlijn Smits, Agnes van der Poel
Background: Responsible digital care refers to any intentional systematic effort designed to increase the likelihood of a digital care technology developed through ethical decision-making, being socially responsible and aligned with the values and well-being of those impacted by it. Objective: We aimed to present examples of action opportunities for (1) designing “technology”; (2) shaping the “context”
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HealthySMS Text Messaging System Adjunct to Adolescent Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Context of COVID-19 (Let’s Text!): Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Lauren M Haack, Courtney C Armstrong, Kate Travis, Adrian Aguilera, Sabrina M Darrow
Background: The widespread occurrence and devastating impact of adolescent depression warrant health service research focused on feasible and acceptable digital health tools to supplement evidence-based intervention (EBI) efforts, particularly in the context of shelter-in-place guidelines disrupting youth socialization and service use in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the promise of SMS text
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Incorporating a Stepped Care Approach Into Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Jasleen Kaur Jagayat, Anchan Kumar, Yijia Shao, Amrita Pannu, Charmy Patel, Amirhossein Shirazi, Mohsen Omrani, Nazanin Alavi
Background: Depression is a hidden burden, yet it is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite the adverse effects of depression, fewer than one-third of patients receive care. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (i-CBT) is an effective treatment for depression, and combining i-CBT with supervised care could make the therapy scalable and effective. A stepped care model is a framework
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Effectiveness and User Experience of Virtual Reality for Social Anxiety Disorder: Systematic Review JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Simon Shahid, Joshua Kelson, Anthony Saliba
Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects occupational and social functioning. Virtual reality (VR) therapies can provide effective treatment for people with SAD. However, with rapid innovations in immersive VR technology, more contemporary research is required to examine the effectiveness and concomitant user experience outcomes (ie, safety, usability
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Capacity of Generative AI to Interpret Human Emotions From Visual and Textual Data: Pilot Evaluation Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Zohar Elyoseph, Elad Refoua, Kfir Asraf, Maya Lvovsky, Yoav Shimoni, Dorit Hadar-Shoval
Background: Mentalization, which is integral to human cognitive processes, pertains to the interpretation of one’s own and others’ mental states, including emotions, beliefs, and intentions. With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and the prominence of large language models in mental health applications, questions persist about their aptitude in emotional comprehension. The prior iteration
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Effectiveness of Online and Remote Interventions for Mental Health in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Linda Fischer-Grote, Vera Fössing, Martin Aigner, Elisabeth Fehrmann, Markus Boeckle
Background: The prevalence of mental illness increased in children, adolescents, and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, while at the same time, access to treatment facilities has been restricted, resulting in a need for the quick implementation of remote or online interventions. Objective: This study aimed to give an overview of randomized controlled studies examining remote or online interventions
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Reasons for Acceptance or Rejection of Online Record Access Among Patients Affected by a Severe Mental Illness: Mixed Methods Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Julian Schwarz, Eva Meier-Diedrich, Katharina Neumann, Martin Heinze, Yvonne Eisenmann, Samuel Thoma
Background: Over the past few years, online record access (ORA) has been established through secure patient portals in various countries, allowing patients to access their health data, including clinical notes (“open notes”). Previous research indicates that ORA in mental health, particularly among patients with severe mental illness (SMI), has been rarely offered. Little is known about the expectations
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Experiences of Patients With Mental Health Issues Having Web-Based Access to Their Records: National Patient Survey JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Jonas Moll, Gunilla Myreteg, Hanife Rexhepi
Background: Sharing mental health notes through patient accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs) is controversial. Many psychiatric organizations and regions in Sweden have resisted the implementation, as clinicians worry about possible harms when patients are reading their notes. Despite the documented benefits of PAEHRs, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding whether patients with mental
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Patient Satisfaction With a Coach-Guided, Technology-Based Mental Health Treatment: Qualitative Interview Study and Theme Analysis JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Ashley Helm Smith, Hilary Touchett, Patricia Chen, Terri Fletcher, Jennifer Arney, Julianna Hogan, Miryam Wassef, Marylene Cloitre, Jan A Lindsay
Background: Technology-based mental health interventions address barriers rural veterans face in accessing care, including provider scarcity and distance from the hospital or clinic. webSTAIR is a 10-module, web-based treatment based on Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation, designed to treat posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in individuals exposed to trauma. Previous
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Personalized Virtual Reality Compared With Guided Imagery for Enhancing the Impact of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Susanna Pardini, Silvia Gabrielli, Silvia Olivetto, Francesca Fusina, Marco Dianti, Stefano Forti, Cristina Lancini, Caterina Novara
Background: Empirical evidence has shown that virtual reality (VR) scenarios can increase the effects of relaxation techniques, reducing anxiety by enabling people to experience emotional conditions in more vivid settings. Objective: This pilot randomized controlled study aims to investigate whether the progressive muscle relaxation technique (PMRT) associated with a personalized scenario in VR promotes
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A Comparison of ChatGPT and Fine-Tuned Open Pre-Trained Transformers (OPT) Against Widely Used Sentiment Analysis Tools: Sentiment Analysis of COVID-19 Survey Data JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Juan Antonio Lossio-Ventura, Rachel Weger, Angela Y Lee, Emily P Guinee, Joyce Chung, Lauren Atlas, Eleni Linos, Francisco Pereira
Background: Health care providers and health-related researchers face significant challenges when applying sentiment analysis tools to health-related free-text survey data. Most state-of-the-art applications were developed in domains such as social media, and their performance in the health care context remains relatively unknown. Moreover, existing studies indicate that these tools often lack accuracy
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Health Care Professionals’ Views on the Use of Passive Sensing, AI, and Machine Learning in Mental Health Care: Systematic Review With Meta-Synthesis JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Jessica Rogan, Sandra Bucci, Joseph Firth
Background: Mental health difficulties are highly prevalent worldwide. Passive sensing technologies and applied artificial intelligence (AI) methods can provide an innovative means of supporting the management of mental health problems and enhancing the quality of care. However, the views of stakeholders are important in understanding the potential barriers to and facilitators of their implementation
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Design and Implementation of a Brief Digital Mindfulness and Compassion Training App for Health Care Professionals: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Satish Jaiswal, Suzanna R Purpura, James K Manchanda, Jason Nan, Nihal Azeez, Dhakshin Ramanathan, Jyoti Mishra
Background: Several studies show that intense work schedules make health care professionals particularly vulnerable to emotional exhaustion and burnout. Objective: In this scenario, promoting self-compassion and mindfulness may be beneficial for well-being. Notably, scalable, digital app–based methods may have the potential to enhance self-compassion and mindfulness in health care professionals. Methods:
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Speech Features as Predictors of Momentary Depression Severity in Patients With Depressive Disorder Undergoing Sleep Deprivation Therapy: Ambulatory Assessment Pilot Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Lisa-Marie Wadle, Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer, Jerome C Foo, Yoshiharu Yamamoto, Fabian Streit, Stephanie H Witt, Josef Frank, Lea Zillich, Matthias F Limberger, Ayimnisagul Ablimit, Tanja Schultz, Maria Gilles, Marcella Rietschel, Lea Sirignano
Background: The use of mobile devices to continuously monitor objectively extracted parameters of depressive symptomatology is seen as an important step in the understanding and prevention of upcoming depressive episodes. Speech features such as pitch variability, speech pauses, and speech rate are promising indicators, but empirical evidence is limited, given the variability of study designs. Objective:
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eHealth in the Management of Depressive Episodes in Catalonia’s Primary Care From 2017 to 2022: Retrospective Observational Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Aïna Fuster-Casanovas, Queralt Miró Catalina, Josep Vidal-Alaball, Anna Escalé-Besa, Carme Carrión
Background: The reasons for mental health consultations are becoming increasingly relevant in primary care. The Catalan health care system is undergoing a process of digital transformation, where eHealth is becoming increasingly relevant in routine clinical practice. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the approach to depressive episodes and the role of eHealth in the Catalan health care system
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Implementation of an Electronic Mental Health Platform for Youth and Young Adults in a School Context Across Alberta, Canada: Thematic Analysis of the Perspectives of Stakeholders JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Gina Dimitropoulos, Emilie M Bassi, Katherine S Bright, Jason Gondziola, Jessica Bradley, Melanie Fersovitch, Leanne Stamp, Haley M LaMonica, Frank Iorfino, Tanya Gaskell, Sara Tomlinson, David Wyatt Johnson
Background: Youth, aged 15 to 24 years, are more likely to experience mental health (MH) or substance use issues than other age groups. This is a critical period for intervention because MH disorders, if left unattended, may become chronic and serious and negatively affect many aspects of a young person’s life. Even among those who are treated, poor outcomes will still occur for a percentage of youth
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Predictors of Use and Drop Out From a Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program and Health Community for Depression and Anxiety in Primary Care Patients: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Armando J Rotondi, Bea Herbeck Belnap, Scott Rothenberger, Robert Feldman, Barbara Hanusa, Bruce L Rollman
Background: A previously reported study examined the treatment of primary care patients with at least moderate severity depressive or anxiety symptoms via an evidence-based computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) program (Beating the Blues) and an online health community (OHC) that included a moderated internet support group. The 2 treatment arms proved to be equally successful at 6-month
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Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Efficacy of a Self-Guided Internet-Delivered Dialectical Behavior Therapy Intervention for Substance Use Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Alexander R Daros, Timothy H Guimond, Christina Yager, Emma H Palermo, Chelsey R Wilks, Lena C Quilty
Background: People with alcohol and substance use disorders (SUDs) often have underlying difficulties in regulating emotions. Although dialectical behavioral therapy is effective for SUDs, it is often difficult to access. Self-guided, internet-delivered dialectical behavioral therapy (iDBT) allows for expanded availability, but few studies have rigorously evaluated it in individuals with SUDs. Objective:
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Developing a Framework to Infer Opioid Use Disorder Severity From Clinical Notes to Inform Natural Language Processing Methods: Characterization Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Melissa N Poulsen, Philip J Freda, Vanessa Troiani, Danielle L Mowery
Background: Information regarding opioid use disorder (OUD) status and severity is important for patient care. Clinical notes provide valuable information for detecting and characterizing problematic opioid use, necessitating development of natural language processing (NLP) tools, which in turn requires reliably labeled OUD-relevant text and understanding of documentation patterns. Objective: To inform
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Understanding Public Perceptions of Virtual Reality Psychological Therapy Using the Attitudes Towards Virtual Reality Therapy (AVRT) Scale: Mixed Methods Development Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Aislinn D Gomez Bergin, Aoife M Allison, Cassie M Hazell
Background: Virtual reality (VR) psychological therapy has the potential to increase access to evidence-based mental health interventions by automating their delivery while maintaining outcomes. However, it is unclear whether these more automated therapies are acceptable to potential users of mental health services. Objective: The main aim of this study was to develop a new, validated questionnaire
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Identification of Predictors of Mood Disorder Misdiagnosis and Subsequent Help-Seeking Behavior in Individuals With Depressive Symptoms: Gradient-Boosted Tree Machine Learning Approach JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Jiri Benacek, Nimotalai Lawal, Tommy Ong, Jakub Tomasik, Nayra A Martin-Key, Erin L Funnell, Giles Barton-Owen, Tony Olmert, Dan Cowell, Sabine Bahn
Background: Misdiagnosis and delayed help-seeking cause significant burden for individuals with mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment, while delayed help-seeking can result in more severe symptoms, functional impairment, and poor treatment response. Such challenges are common in individuals with major depressive disorder
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The Frequency of Design Studies Targeting People With Psychotic Symptoms and Features in Mental Health Care Innovation: Secondary Analysis of a Systematic Review JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Lars Veldmeijer, Gijs Terlouw, Jim Van Os, Job Van 't Veer, Nynke Boonstra
This study examined and reflected on the frequency of people with psychotic symptoms and features as the target population in design studies for mental health care innovation.
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Feasibility, Adherence, and Effectiveness of Blended Psychotherapy for Severe Mental Illnesses: Scoping Review JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Yamina Ehrt-Schäfer, Milan Rusmir, Johannes Vetter, Erich Seifritz, Mario Müller, Birgit Kleim
Background: Blended psychotherapy (bPT) combines face-to-face psychotherapy with digital interventions to enhance the effectiveness of mental health treatment. The feasibility and effectiveness of bPT have been demonstrated for various mental health issues, although primarily for patients with higher levels of functioning. Objective: This scoping review aims to investigate the feasibility, adherence
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Efficacy of an Electronic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Delivered via the Online Psychotherapy Tool for Depression and Anxiety Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pre-Post Pilot Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-25 Elnaz Moghimi, Callum Stephenson, Anika Agarwal, Niloofar Nikjoo, Niloufar Malakouti, Gina Layzell, Anne O'Riordan, Jasleen Jagayat, Amirhossein Shirazi, Gilmar Gutierrez, Ferwa Khan, Charmy Patel, Megan Yang, Mohsen Omrani, Nazanin Alavi
Background: Lockdowns and social distancing resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have worsened the population’s mental health and made it more difficult for individuals to receive care. Electronic cognitive behavioral therapy (e-CBT) is a cost-effective and evidence-based treatment for anxiety and depression and can be accessed remotely. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the
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Assessing the Impact of Evidence-Based Mental Health Guidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Qualitative Evaluation JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Katharine A Smith, Edoardo G Ostinelli, Roger Ede, Lisa Allard, Michaela Thomson, Kiran Hewitt, Petra Brown, Caroline Zangani, Matthew Jenkins, Verena Hinze, George Ma, Prajnesh Pothulu, Catherine Henshall, Gin S Malhi, Susanna Every-Palmer, Andrea Cipriani
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab (OxPPL) developed open-access web-based summaries of mental health care guidelines (OxPPL guidance) in key areas such as digital approaches and telepsychiatry, suicide and self-harm, domestic violence and abuse, perinatal care, and vaccine hesitancy and prioritization in the context of mental illness, to inform timely clinical
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Exposure Versus Cognitive Restructuring Techniques in Brief Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Arabic-Speaking People With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Randomized Clinical Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Jana Stein, Max Vöhringer, Birgit Wagner, Nadine Stammel, Yuriy Nesterko, Maria Böttche, Christine Knaevelsrud
Background: Cognitive behavioral interventions delivered via the internet are demonstrably efficacious treatment options for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in underserved, Arabic-speaking populations. However, the role of specific treatment components remains unclear, particularly in conflict-affected areas of the Middle East and North Africa. Objective: This study aims to evaluate 2 brief internet-based
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Efficacy of a Smartphone App in Enhancing Medication Adherence and Accuracy in Individuals With Schizophrenia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Huan Hwa Chen, Hsin Tien Hsu, Pei Chao Lin, Chin-Yin Chen, Hsiu Fen Hsieh, Chih Hung Ko
Background: Poor medication adherence or inaccuracy in taking prescribed medications plays an important role in the recurrence or worsening of psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, and the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their medication adherence with exacerbated symptoms or relapse. The use of mobile health services increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their role in improving mental
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Digital Cognitive Assessment Tests for Older Adults: Systematic Literature Review JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Claudio Cubillos, Antonio Rienzo
Background: The global health pandemic has affected the increasing older adult population, especially those with mental illnesses. It is necessary to prevent cases of cognitive impairment in adults early on, and this requires the support of information and communication technologies for evaluating and training cognitive functions. This can be achieved through computer applications designed for cognitive
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Self-Guided Mental Health Apps Targeting Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups: Scoping Review JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Fiby Saad, Mia Eisenstadt, Shaun Liverpool, Courtney Carlsson, Isabella Vainieri
Background: The use of mental health apps (MHAs) is increasing rapidly. However, little is known about the use of MHAs by racial and ethnic minority groups. Objective: In this review, we aimed to examine the acceptability and effectiveness of MHAs among racial and ethnic minority groups, describe the purposes of using MHAs, identify the barriers to MHA use in racial and ethnic minority groups, and
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Predicting Patients' Satisfaction With Mental Health Drug Treatment Using Their Reviews: Unified Interchangeable Model Fusion Approach JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Yi Wang, Yide Yu, Yue Liu, Yan Ma, Patrick Cheong-Iao Pang
Background: After the COVID-19 pandemic, the conflict between limited mental health care resources and the rapidly growing number of patients has become more pronounced. It is necessary for psychologists to borrow artificial intelligence (AI)–based methods to analyze patients’ satisfaction with drug treatment for those undergoing mental illness treatment. Objective: Our goal was to construct highly
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The Efficacy and Therapeutic Alliance of Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy in Treating Adults With Phobic Disorders: Systematic Review JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Safa Hasan, Hamid Alhaj, Athanasios Hassoulas
Background: Phobic disorders are characterized by excessive fear of a stimulus that can affect the quality of a patient’s life. The lifetime prevalence in adults is 7.7% to 12.5%. The current literature provides evidence-based inferences about the effectiveness of in-vivo exposure therapy (IVET) in treating phobia. However, this method can put the therapist and the client in danger, with high drop
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User-Centered Development of Bolster, an mHealth Intervention for Early Psychosis Caregivers: Needs Assessment, Prototyping, and Field Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Benjamin Buck, Mary Wingerson, Erica Whiting, Jaime Snyder, Maria Monroe-DeVita, Dror Ben-Zeev
Background: Caregivers play a critical role in the treatment and recovery of youth and young adults at risk for psychosis. Caregivers often report feeling isolated, overwhelmed, and lacking in resources. Mobile health (mHealth) has the potential to provide scalable, accessible, and in-the-moment support to caregivers. To date, few if any mHealth resources have been developed specifically for this population
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Circadian Reinforcement Therapy in Combination With Electronic Self-Monitoring to Facilitate a Safe Postdischarge Period for Patients With Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Anne Sofie Aggestrup, Signe Dunker Svendsen, Anne Præstegaard, Philip Løventoft, Lasse Nørregaard, Ulla Knorr, Henrik Dam, Erik Frøkjær, Konstantin Danilenko, Ida Hageman, Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Lars Vedel Kessing, Klaus Martiny
Background: Patients with major depression exhibit circadian disturbance of sleep and mood, and when they are discharged from inpatient wards, this disturbance poses a risk of relapse. We developed a circadian reinforcement therapy (CRT) intervention to facilitate the transition from the inpatient ward to the home for these patients. CRT focuses on increasing the zeitgeber strength for the circadian
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Efficacy of an Internet-Delivered Intervention for Improving Insomnia Severity and Functioning in Veterans: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Sarra Nazem, Sean M Barnes, Jeri E Forster, Trisha A Hostetter, Lindsey L Monteith, Emily B Kramer, Laurel A Gaeddert, Lisa A Brenner
Background: Despite a growing evidence base that internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (iCBT-I) is associated with decreased insomnia severity, its efficacy has been minimally examined in veterans. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an unguided iCBT-I (Sleep Healthy Using the Internet [SHUTi]) among veterans. Methods: We conducted a single-blind
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A Digital Single-Session Intervention (Project Engage) to Address Fear of Negative Evaluation Among College Students: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Arka Ghosh, Katherine A Cohen, Laura Jans, Carly A Busch, Riley McDanal, Yuanyuan Yang, Katelyn M Cooper, Jessica L Schleider
Background: Increasingly, college science courses are transitioning from a traditional lecture format to active learning because students learn more and fail less frequently when they engage in their learning through activities and discussions in class. Fear of negative evaluation (FNE), defined as a student’s sense of dread associated with being unfavorably evaluated while participating in a social
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Effectiveness of Technology-Based Interventions for School-Age Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Ka Po Wong, Jing Qin, Yao Jie Xie, Bohan Zhang
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is relatively common among school-age children. Technology-based interventions, such as computer-assisted training programs, neurofeedback training, and virtual reality, show promise in regulating the behaviors and cognitive functions of children with ADHD. An increasing number of randomized controlled trials have been conducted to evaluate
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The Potential Influence of AI on Population Mental Health JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Catherine K Ettman, Sandro Galea
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into everyday life has galvanized a global conversation on the possibilities and perils of AI on human health. In particular, there is a growing need to anticipate and address the potential impact of widely accessible, enhanced, and conversational AI on mental health. We propose 3 considerations to frame how AI may influence population mental health:
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Effects of a Self-Guided Transdiagnostic Smartphone App on Patient Empowerment and Mental Health: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 André Kerber, Ina Beintner, Sebastian Burchert, Christine Knaevelsrud
Background: Mental disorders impact both individuals and health systems. Symptoms and syndromes often remain undetected and untreated, resulting in chronification. Besides limited health care resources, within-person barriers such as the lack of trust in professionals, the fear of stigmatization, or the desire to cope with problems without professional help contribute to the treatment gap. Self-guided
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Freely Available Training Videos for Suicide Prevention: Scoping Review JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Katherine Wislocki, Shari Jager-Hyman, Megan Brady, Michal Weiss, Temma Schaechter, Gabriela Khazanov, Sophia Young, Emily Becker-Haimes
Background: Freely available and asynchronous implementation supports can reduce the resource burden of evidence-based practice training to facilitate uptake. Freely available web-based training videos have proliferated, yet there have been no efforts to quantify their breadth, depth, and content for suicide prevention. Objective: This study presents results from a scoping review of freely available
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Feasibility, Perceived Impact, and Acceptability of a Socially Assistive Robot to Support Emotion Regulation With Highly Anxious University Students: Mixed Methods Open Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 A Jess Williams, Maureen Freed, Nikki Theofanopoulou, Claudia Daudén Roquet, Predrag Klasnja, James Gross, Jessica Schleider, Petr Slovak
Background: Mental health difficulties among university students have been rising rapidly over the last decade, and the demand for university mental health services commonly far exceeds available resources. Digital interventions are seen as one potential solution to these challenges. However, as in other mental health contexts, digital programs often face low engagement and uptake, and the field lacks
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Using HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)–Compliant Transcription Services for Virtual Psychiatric Interviews: Pilot Comparison Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Salman Seyedi, Emily Griner, Lisette Corbin, Zifan Jiang, Kailey Roberts, Luca Iacobelli, Aaron Milloy, Mina Boazak, Ali Bahrami Rad, Ahmed Abbasi, Robert O Cotes, Gari D Clifford
Background: Automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology is increasingly being used for transcription in clinical contexts. Although there are numerous transcription services using ASR, few studies have compared the word error rate (WER) between different transcription services among different diagnostic groups in a mental health setting. There has also been little research into the types of words
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Participants’ Engagement With and Results From a Web-Based Integrative Population Mental Wellness Program (CHAMindWell) During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Program Evaluation Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Joseph A Rosansky, Kayley Okst, Miriam C Tepper, Ana Baumgart Schreck, Carl Fulwiler, Philip S Wang, Zev Schuman-Olivier
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved a prolonged period of collective trauma and stress during which substantial increases in mental health concerns, like depression and anxiety, were observed across the population. In this context, CHAMindWell was developed as a web-based intervention to improve resilience and reduce symptom severity among a public health care system’s patient population. Objective:
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Comparing the Acceptability and Quality of Intervention Modalities for Suicidality in the Emergency Department: Randomized Feasibility Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Celine Larkin, Bengisu Tulu, Soussan Djamasbi, Roscoe Garner, Fatima Varzgani, Mariam Siddique, John Pietro, Edwin D Boudreaux
Background: Emergency departments (EDs) manage many patients with suicide risk, but effective interventions for suicidality are challenging to implement in this setting. ReachCare is a technology-facilitated version of an evidence-based intervention for suicidal ED patients. Here, we present findings on the acceptability and quality of ReachCare in the ED, as well as a comparison of these measures
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Effect of Individual Virtual Reality Cognitive Training Programs on Cognitive Function and Depression in Middle-Aged Women: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Du-Ri Kim, EunSoo Moon, Myung-Jun Shin, Yeong-Ae Yang, Jong-Hwan Park
Background: Given the increasing incidence of early-onset Alzheimer disease, strategies for early diagnosis and swift treatment interventions are crucial for mitigating cognitive problems in women and middle-aged individuals who face a high risk of cognitive impairment. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of individual cognitive training programs based on virtual reality (VR), a
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The Effectiveness of Fully Automated Digital Interventions in Promoting Mental Well-Being in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Julia Groot, Alexander MacLellan, Madelaine Butler, Elisa Todor, Mahnoor Zulfiqar, Timothy Thackrah, Christopher Clarke, Mark Brosnan, Ben Ainsworth
Background: Recent years have highlighted an increasing need to promote mental well-being in the general population. This has led to a rapidly growing market for fully automated digital mental well-being tools. Although many individuals have started using these tools in their daily lives, evidence on the overall effectiveness of digital mental well-being tools is currently lacking. Objective: This
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Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item Pairing Predictiveness for Prescreening Depressive Symptomatology: Machine Learning Analysis JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Darragh Glavin, Eoin Martino Grua, Carina Akemi Nakamura, Marcia Scazufca, Edinilza Ribeiro dos Santos, Gloria H Y Wong, William Hollingworth, Tim J Peters, Ricardo Araya, Pepijn Van de Ven
Background: Anhedonia and depressed mood are considered the cardinal symptoms of major depressive disorder. These are the first 2 items of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)–9 and comprise the ultrabrief PHQ-2 used for prescreening depressive symptomatology. The prescreening performance of alternative PHQ-9 item pairings is rarely compared with that of the PHQ-2. Objective: This study aims to use
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Developing a Theoretically Informed Implementation Model for Telemedicine-Delivered Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: Qualitative Study With Key Informants JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Joseph Tay Wee Teck, Rosalind Gittins, Giedre Zlatkute, Alberto Oteo Pérez, Susanna Galea-Singer, Alexander Baldacchino
Background: Telemedicine-delivered medication for opioid use disorder (TMOUD) has become more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in North America. This is considered a positive development as TMOUD has the potential to increase access to evidence-based treatment for a population heavily affected by the opioid crisis and consequent rising mortality and morbidity rates in relation to
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Psychological Resilience Factors and Their Association With Weekly Stressor Reactivity During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Europe: Prospective Longitudinal Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Sophie A Bögemann, Lara M C Puhlmann, Carolin Wackerhagen, Matthias Zerban, Antje Riepenhausen, Göran Köber, Kenneth S L Yuen, Shakoor Pooseh, Marta A Marciniak, Zala Reppmann, Aleksandra Uściƚko, Jeroen Weermeijer, Dionne B Lenferink, Julian Mituniewicz, Natalia Robak, Nina C Donner, Merijn Mestdagh, Stijn Verdonck, Rolf van Dick, Birgit Kleim, Klaus Lieb, Judith M C van Leeuwen, Dorota Kobylińska
Background: Cross-sectional relationships between psychosocial resilience factors (RFs) and resilience, operationalized as the outcome of low mental health reactivity to stressor exposure (low “stressor reactivity” [SR]), were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Objective: Extending these findings, we here examined prospective relationships and weekly dynamics between the
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Identifying Rare Circumstances Preceding Female Firearm Suicides: Validating A Large Language Model Approach JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Weipeng Zhou, Laura C Prater, Evan V Goldstein, Stephen J Mooney
Background: Firearm suicide has been more prevalent among males, but age-adjusted female firearm suicide rates increased by 20% from 2010 to 2020, outpacing the rate increase among males by about 8 percentage points, and female firearm suicide may have different contributing circumstances. In the United States, the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) is a comprehensive source of data on
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A Motivational Interviewing Chatbot With Generative Reflections for Increasing Readiness to Quit Smoking: Iterative Development Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Andrew Brown, Ash Tanuj Kumar, Osnat Melamed, Imtihan Ahmed, Yu Hao Wang, Arnaud Deza, Marc Morcos, Leon Zhu, Marta Maslej, Nadia Minian, Vidya Sujaya, Jodi Wolff, Olivia Doggett, Mathew Iantorno, Matt Ratto, Peter Selby, Jonathan Rose
Background: The motivational interviewing (MI) approach has been shown to help move ambivalent smokers toward the decision to quit smoking. There have been several attempts to broaden access to MI through text-based chatbots. These typically use scripted responses to client statements, but such nonspecific responses have been shown to reduce effectiveness. Recent advances in natural language processing
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Patient Experience of Digitalized Follow-up of Antidepressant Treatment in Psychiatric Outpatient Care: Qualitative Analysis JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Matilda Hamlin, Joacim Holmén, Elisabet Wentz, Harald Aiff, Lilas Ali, Steinn Steingrimsson
Background: Nonadherence to pharmaceutical antidepressant treatment is common among patients with depression. Digitalized follow-up (ie, self-monitoring systems through mobile apps) has been suggested as an effective adjunct to conventional antidepressant treatment to increase medical adherence, improve symptoms of depression, and reduce health care resource use. Objective: The aim of this study was
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The Safety of Digital Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review and Recommendations JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Rayan Taher, Che-Wei Hsu, Chloe Hampshire, Carolina Fialho, Clare Heaysman, Daniel Stahl, Sukhi Shergill, Jenny Yiend
Background: Evidence suggests that digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) for common mental health conditions are effective. However, digital interventions, such as face-to-face therapies, pose risks to patients. A safe intervention is considered one in which the measured benefits outweigh the identified and mitigated risks. Objective: This study aims to review the literature to assess how DMHIs
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Individualized Virtual Reality for Increasing Self-Compassion: Evaluation Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-02 Ilona Halim, Lehan Stemmet, Sylvia Hach, Richard Porter, Hai-Ning Liang, Atiyeh Vaezipour, Julie D Henry, Nilufar Baghaei
Background: Depression and anxiety are common and debilitating mental disorders with severe negative repercussions at both individual and societal levels. Although virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a safe and effective tool for the treatment of anxiety disorders, studies of the therapeutic application of VR to treat depression are more limited. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test whether
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Efficacy, Safety, and Evaluation Criteria of mHealth Interventions for Depression: Systematic Review JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Andrea Duarte-Díaz, Lilisbeth Perestelo-Pérez, Estel Gelabert, Noemí Robles, Antoni Pérez-Navarro, Josep Vidal-Alaball, Oriol Solà-Morales, Ariadna Sales Masnou, Carme Carrion
Background: Depression is a significant public health issue that can lead to considerable disability and reduced quality of life. With the rise of technology, mobile health (mHealth) interventions, particularly smartphone apps, are emerging as a promising approach for addressing depression. However, the lack of standardized evaluation tools and evidence-based principles for these interventions remains
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Exploring User Perspectives of and Ethical Experiences With Teletherapy Apps: Qualitative Analysis of User Reviews JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Eunkyung Jo, Whitney-Jocelyn Kouaho, Stephen M Schueller, Daniel A Epstein
Background: Teletherapy apps have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional in-person therapy, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, as they help overcome a range of geographical and emotional barriers to accessing care. However, the rapid proliferation of teletherapy apps has occurred in an environment in which development has outpaced the various regulatory and ethical considerations of
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Suicide Risk Assessments Through the Eyes of ChatGPT-3.5 Versus ChatGPT-4: Vignette Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Inbar Levkovich, Zohar Elyoseph
Background: ChatGPT, a linguistic artificial intelligence (AI) model engineered by OpenAI, offers prospective contributions to mental health professionals. Although having significant theoretical implications, ChatGPT’s practical capabilities, particularly regarding suicide prevention, have not yet been substantiated. Objective: The study’s aim was to evaluate ChatGPT’s ability to assess suicide risk
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Telehealth and In-Person Behavioral Health Services in Rural Communities Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multisite Prospective Cohort Study JMIR Mental Health (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Marcia M Ward, Fred Ullrich, Divya Bhagianadh, Eve-Lynn Nelson, James P Marcin, Knute D Carter, Kari Beth Law, Carly McCord, Jonathan Neufeld, Kimberly A S Merchant
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered widespread adjustments across the US health care system. Telehealth use showed a substantial increase in mental health conditions and services due to acute public health emergency (PHE) behavioral health needs on top of long-standing gaps in access to behavioral health services. How health systems that were already providing behavioral telehealth services