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Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-1-10 Juhyun Song, Seok-Yong Choi
The hypothalamus is part of the diencephalon and has several nuclei, one of which is the arcuate nucleus. The arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARH) consists of neuroendocrine neurons and centrally-projecting neurons. The ARH is the center where the homeostasis of nutrition/metabolism and reproduction are maintained. As such, dysfunction of the ARH can lead to disorders of nutrition/metabolism and reproduction
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Distinct Role of Parvalbumin Expressing Neurons in the Reticular Thalamic Nucleus in Nociception. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-1-10 Sanggeon Park, Jeiwon Cho, Yeowool Huh
Loss of inhibition is suggested to cause pathological pain symptoms. Indeed, some human case reports suggest that lesions including the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) which provides major inhibitory inputs to other thalamic nuclei, may induce thalamic pain, a type of neuropathic pain. In support, recent studies demonstrated that activation of GABAergic neurons in the TRN reduces nociceptive responses
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Mapping Astrocytic and Neuronal μ-opioid Receptor Expression in Various Brain Regions Using MOR-mCherry Reporter Mouse. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-1-10 Woojin Won, Daeun Kim, Eunjin Shin, C Justin Lee
The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) is a class of opioid receptors characterized by a high affinity for β-endorphin and morphine. MOR is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a role in reward and analgesic effects. While expression of MOR has been well established in neurons and microglia, astrocytic MOR expression has been less clear. Recently, we have reported that MOR is expressed in hippocampal
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Peripheral Neuropathy and Decreased Locomotion of a RAB40B Mutation in Human and Model Animals. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-1-10 Wonseok Son, Hui Su Jeong, Da Eun Nam, Ah Jin Lee, Soo Hyun Nam, Ji Eun Lee, Byung-Ok Choi, Ki Wha Chung
Rab40 proteins are an atypical subgroup of Rab GTPases containing a unique suppressor of the cytokine signaling (SOCS) domain that is recruited to assemble the CRL5 E3 ligase complex for proteolytic regulation in various biological processes. A nonsense mutation deleting the C-terminal SOCS box in the RAB40B gene was identified in a family with axonal peripheral neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
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Temperature-induced Artifacts in Tau Phosphorylation: Implications for Reliable Alzheimer's Disease Research. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-1-10 Geoffrey Canet, Emma Rocaboy, Francis Laliberté, Emmanuelle Boscher, Isabelle Guisle, Sofia Diego-Diaz, Parissa Fereydouni-Forouzandeh, Robert A Whittington, Sébastien S Hébert, Vincent Pernet, Emmanuel Planel
In preclinical research on Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, tau phosphorylation analysis is routinely employed in both cellular and animal models. However, recognizing the sensitivity of tau phosphorylation to various extrinsic factors, notably temperature, is vital for experimental accuracy. Hypothermia can trigger tau hyperphosphorylation, while hyperthermia leads to its dephosphorylation
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Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM)-like Vessel Lesion in the Aged ANKS1A-deficient Brain. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-1-10 Jiyeon Lee, Haeryung Lee, Miram Shin, Soochul Park
In this study, we show that ANKS1A is specifically expressed in the brain endothelial cells of adult mice. ANKS1A deficiency in adult mice does not affect the differentiation, growth, or patterning of the cerebrovascular system; however, its absence significantly impacts the cerebrovascular system of the aged brain. In aged ANKS1A knock-out (KO) brains, vessel lesions exhibiting cerebral cavernous
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Methylation-based Subclassifications of Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes in Not Just Pediatric Brains. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Eric Eunshik Kim,Kwanghoon Lee,Ji-Hoon Phi,Min-Sung Kim,Hyoung Jin Kang,Hongseok Yun,Sung-Hye Park
The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic profiles and methylation-based classifications of Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), with a specific focus on differentiating between C19MC amplified and C19MC-not amplified groups, including cases with DICER1 mutations. To achieve this, next-generation sequencing using a targeted gene panel for brain tumors and methylation class studies
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Graph Theoretical Analysis of Brain Structural Connectivity in Patients with Alcohol Dependence. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Hyunjung Lee,Joon Hyung Jung,Seungwon Chung,Gawon Ju,Siekyeong Kim,Jung-Woo Son,Chul-Jin Shin,Sang Ick Lee,Jeonghwan Lee
This study aimed to compare brain structural connectivity using graph theory between patients with alcohol dependence and social drinkers. The participants were divided into two groups; the alcohol group (N=23) consisting of patients who had been hospitalized and had abstained from alcohol for at least three months and the control group (N=22) recruited through advertisements and were social drinkers
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Extracellular Vesicles Released by Lactobacillus paracasei Mitigate Stress-induced Transcriptional Changes and Depression-like Behavior in Mice. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Hyejin Kwon,Eun-Hwa Lee,Juli Choi,Jin-Young Park,Yoon-Keun Kim,Pyung-Lim Han
Various probiotic strains have been reported to affect emotional behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms by which specific probiotic strains change brain function are not clearly understood. Here, we report that extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus paracasei (Lpc-EV) have an ability to produce genome-wide changes against glucocorticoid (GC)-induced transcriptional responses in HT22
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Lactobacillus reuteri ATG-F4 Alleviates Chronic Stress-induced Anhedonia by Modulating the Prefrontal Serotonergic System. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Jiyun Lee,Eum-Ji Kim,Gun-Seok Park,Jeongseop Kim,Tae-Eun Kim,Yoo Jin Lee,Juyi Park,Jihee Kang,Ja Wook Koo,Tae-Yong Choi
Mental health is influenced by the gut-brain axis; for example, gut dysbiosis has been observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Gut microbial changes by fecal microbiota transplantation or probiotics treatment reportedly modulates depressive symptoms. However, it remains unclear how gut dysbiosis contributes to mental dysfunction, and how correction of the gut microbiota alleviates
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BDNF/TrkB Signaling Inhibition Suppresses Astrogliosis and Alleviates Mechanical Allodynia in a Partial Crush Injury Model. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Tien Thuy Phan,Nishani Jayanika Jayathilake,Kyu Pil Lee,Joo Min Park
Neuropathic pain presents a formidable clinical challenge due to its persistent nature and limited responsiveness to conventional analgesic treatments. While significant progress has been made in understanding the role of spinal astrocytes in neuropathic pain, their contribution and functional changes following a partial crush injury (PCI) remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated structural
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Single Versus Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Knowledge on the Chronic Outcomes, Neuropathology and the Role of TDP-43 Proteinopathy. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-9-26 Tamara Janković, Kristina Pilipović
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most important causes of death and disability in adults and thus an important public health problem. Following TBI, secondary pathophysiological processes develop over time and condition the development of different neurodegenerative entities. Previous studies suggest that neurobehavioral changes occurring after a single TBI are the basis for the development
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Advances in Amyloid-β Clearance in the Brain and Periphery: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-9-26 Rahat Ullah, Eun Jeong Lee
This review examines the role of impaired amyloid-β clearance in the accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain and the periphery, which is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The molecular mechanism underlying amyloid-β accumulation is largely unknown, but recent evidence suggests that impaired amyloid-β clearance plays a critical role in its accumulation
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NAG-1/GDF-15 Transgenic Female Mouse Shows Delayed Peak Period of the Second Phase Nociception in Formalin-induced Inflammatory Pain. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-9-26 Sheu-Ran Choi, Jaehak Lee, Ji-Young Moon, Seung Joon Baek, Jang-Hern Lee
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1), also known as growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), is associated with cancer, diabetes, and inflammation, while there is limited understanding of the role of NAG-1 in nociception. Here, we examined the nociceptive behaviors of NAG-1 transgenic (TG) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated by using
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Presenilin 2 N141I Mutation Induces Hyperimmunity by Immune Cell-specific Suppression of REV-ERBα without Altering Central Circadian Rhythm. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-9-26 Hyeri Nam, Boil Kim, Younghwan Lee, Han Kyoung Choe, Seong-Woon Yu
Circadian rhythm is a 24-hour cycle of behavioral and physiological changes. Disrupted sleep-wake patterns and circadian dysfunction are common in patients of Alzheimer Disease (AD) and are closely related with neuroinflammation. However, it is not well known how circadian rhythm of immune cells is altered during the progress of AD. Previously, we found presenilin 2 (Psen2) N141I mutation, one of familial
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Bias in Prestimulus Motor Cortical Activity Determines Decision-making Error in Rodents. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-9-26 Soyoung Chae, Duho Sihn, Sung-Phil Kim
Decision-making is a complex process that involves the integration and interpretation of sensory information to guide actions. The rodent motor cortex, which is generally involved in motor planning and execution, also plays a critical role in decision-making processes. In perceptual delayed-response tasks, the rodent motor cortex can represent sensory cues, as well as the decision of where to move
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Gallic Acid Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Caused by Sleep Deprivation through Antioxidant Effect. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-9-26 Xiaogang Pang, Yifan Xu, Shuoxin Xie, Tianshu Zhang, Lin Cong, Yuchen Qi, Lubing Liu, Qingjun Li, Mei Mo, Guimei Wang, Xiuwei Du, Hui Shen, Yuanyuan Li
Sleep deprivation (SD) has a profound impact on the central nervous system, resulting in an array of mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. Despite this, the dynamic alterations in neuronal activity during sleep deprivation have not been extensively investigated. While some researchers propose that sleep deprivation diminishes neuronal activity, thereby leading to depression. Others argue
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Global Cerebral Ischemia-induced Depression Accompanies Alteration of Neuronal Excitability in the Infralimbic Cortex Layer 2/3 Pyramidal Neurons. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-9-26 Dong Cheol Jang, Seunghwan Choi, Geehoon Chung, Sun Kwang Kim
Cerebral ischemia can lead to a range of sequelae, including depression. The pathogenesis of depression involves neuronal change of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, how cerebral ischemia-induced changes manifest across subregions and layers of the mPFC is not well understood. In this study, we induced cerebral ischemia in mice via transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO)
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A Glimpse into the Genome-wide DNA Methylation Changes in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced In Vitro Model of Parkinson's Disease. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-7-5 Kasthuri Bai Magalingam, Sushela Devi Somanath, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
A cell-based model of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a well-established in vitro experimental prototype to investigate the disease mechanism and therapeutic approach for a potential anti-PD drug. The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and 6-OHDA combo is one of the many neurotoxininduced neuronal cell models employed in numerous neuroscience-related research for discovering neuroprotective drug compounds
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Intracellular Loop in the Brain Isoforms of Anoctamin 2 Channels Regulates Calcium-dependent Activation. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-7-5 Dongsu Lee, Hocheol Lim, Jungryun Lee, Go Eun Ha, Kyoung Tai No, Eunji Cheong
Anoctamin 2 (ANO2 or TMEM16B), a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), performs diverse roles in neurons throughout the central nervous system. In hippocampal neurons, ANO2 narrows action potential width and reduces postsynaptic depolarization with high sensitivity to Ca2+ at relatively fast kinetics. In other brain regions, including the thalamus, ANO2 mediates activity-dependent spike frequency
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Monitoring α-synuclein Aggregation Induced by Preformed α-synuclein Fibrils in an In Vitro Model System. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-7-5 Beom Jin Kim, Hye Rin Noh, Hyongjun Jeon, Sang Myun Park
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of α-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions in the brain and the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons. There is evidence to suggest that the progression of PD may be due to the prion-like spread of α-syn aggregates, so understanding and limiting α-syn propagation is a key area of research for developing PD treatments. Several cellular and animal
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Modeling Long-term Spike Frequency Adaptation in SA-I Afferent Neurons Using an Izhikevich-based Biological Neuron Model. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-7-5 Jaehun Kim, Young In Choi, Jeong-Woo Sohn, Sung-Phil Kim, Sung Jun Jung
To develop a biomimetic artificial tactile sensing system capable of detecting sustained mechanical touch, we propose a novel biological neuron model (BNM) for slowly adapting type I (SA-I) afferent neurons. The proposed BNM is designed by modifying the Izhikevich model to incorporate long-term spike frequency adaptation. Adjusting the parameters renders the Izhikevich model describing various neuronal
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Machine Learning-assisted Quantitative Mapping of Intracortical Axonal Plasticity Following a Focal Cortical Stroke in Rodents. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-7-5 Hyung Soon Kim, Hyo Gyeong Seo, Jong Ho Jhee, Chang Hyun Park, Hyang Woon Lee, Bumhee Park, Byung Gon Kim
Stroke destroys neurons and their connections leading to focal neurological deficits. Although limited, many patients exhibit a certain degree of spontaneous functional recovery. Structural remodeling of the intracortical axonal connections is implicated in the reorganization of cortical motor representation maps, which is considered to be an underlying mechanism of the improvement in motor function
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An Automated Cell Detection Method for TH-positive Dopaminergic Neurons in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Using Convolutional Neural Networks. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-7-5 Doyun Kim, Myeong Seong Bak, Haney Park, In Seon Baek, Geehoon Chung, Jae Hyun Park, Sora Ahn, Seon-Young Park, Hyunsu Bae, Hi-Joon Park, Sun Kwang Kim
Quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons is essential for the preclinical study of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, manual analysis of immunohistochemical (IHC) images is labor-intensive and has less reproducibility due to the lack of objectivity. Therefore, several automated methods of IHC image analysis have been proposed, although they have limitations of low accuracy and difficulties
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A Critical Involvement of Glutamatergic Neurons in the Anterior Insular Cortex for Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomy-induced Analgesia. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Yea Jin Kim,Grace J Lee,Sang Wook Shim,Doyun Kim,Seog Bae Oh
Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV) is known to produce analgesic effect in various pain conditions including not only visceral pain but also somatic pain. We aimed to determine brain mechanisms by which SDV induces analgesic effect in somatic pain condition by using formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain model. We identified brain regions that mediate SDV-induced analgesic effect on acute inflammatory
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Aberrant Resting-state Functional Connectivity in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Network-based Statistics Analysis. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Haejin Hong,Chaewon Suh,Eun Namgung,Eunji Ha,Suji Lee,Rye Young Kim,Yumi Song,Sohyun Oh,In Kyoon Lyoo,Hyeonseok Jeong,Sujung Yoon
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder. Pain catastrophizing, characterized by magnification, rumination, and helplessness, increases perceived pain intensity and mental distress in CRPS patients. As functional connectivity patterns in CRPS remain largely unknown, we aimed to investigate functional connectivity alterations in CRPS patients and their association
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Caenorhabditis elegans Connectomes of both Sexes as Image Classifiers. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Changjoo Park,Jinseop S Kim
Connectome, the complete wiring diagram of the nervous system of an organism, is the biological substrate of the mind. While biological neural networks are crucial to the understanding of neural computation mechanisms, recent artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been developed independently from the study of real neural networks. Computational scientists are searching for various ANN architectures
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Impaired Cholesterol Metabolism, Neurons, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-30 So Yeong Cheon
Cholesterol metabolism plays an essential role in cellular functions (including as a component of the plasma membrane, as an energy source, and in hormone production) under normal conditions. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism causes a wide spectrum of pathological conditions, leading to neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In addition, patients with neuropsychiatric disorders
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mGluR1 Regulates the Interspike Interval Threshold for Dendritic Ca2+ Transients in the Cerebellar Purkinje Cells. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Dong Cheol Jang,Changhyeon Ryu,Geehoon Chung,Sun Kwang Kim,Sang Jeong Kim
Ca2++ transients can be observed in the distal dendrites of Purkinje cells (PCs) despite their lack of action potential backpropagation. These Ca2++ events in distal dendrites require specific patterns of PC firing, such as complex spikes (CS) or simple spikes (SS) of burst mode. Unlike CS, which can act directly on voltage-gated calcium channels in the dendrites through climbing fiber inputs, the
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Intact Recognition Memory and Altered Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Fkbp5-deficient Mice Following Acute Uncontrollable Stress. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Yong-Jae Jeon,Bo-Ryoung Choi,Min-Sun Park,Yoon-Sun Jang,Sujung Yoon,In Kyoon Lyoo,Jung-Soo Han
The FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) is a co-chaperone that regulates the activity of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and has been reported to mediate stress resilience. This study aimed to determine the effects of Fkbp5 deletion on acute stress-induced recognition memory impairment and hippocampal GR signaling. Wild-type and Fkbp5-knockout mice were subjected to acute uncontrollable stress induced
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Policy Analysis for Implementing Neuroethics in Korea's Brain Research Promotion Act. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-3-16 Tae-Woo Kang, Tai-Won Oh, Sung-Jin Jeong
In 1998, Korea implemented the Brain Research Promotion Act (BRPA), a law to revamp the field of neuroscience at the national level. However, despite numerous revisions including the definition and classification of neuroscience and the national plans for the training and education systems, the governance for neuroethics has not been integrated into the Act. The ethical issues raised by neuroscience
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An XYZ-axis Matrix Approach for the Integration of Neuroscience and Neuroethics. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-3-16 Anita S Jwa, Jiwon Shim, Sinu Choi, Juhee Eom, Soojin Kim, Young-Joon Ryu
The recent, unprecedented advancement in neuroscience has led to new discoveries about the human brain and its function. Yet at the same time, it has spurred novel ethical and regulatory issues, and the field of neuroethics has emerged as an interdisciplinary endeavor to address these issues. Across the globe, extensive efforts have been underway to achieve the integration of neuroscience and Neuroethics
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Differential Encoding of Trace and Delay Fear Memory in the Entorhinal Cortex. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-3-16 Mi-Seon Kong, Namsoo Kim, Kyeong Im Jo, Sung-Phil Kim, June-Seek Choi
Trace fear conditioning is characterized by a stimulus-free trace interval (TI) between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US), which requires an array of brain structures to support the formation and storage of associative memory. The entorhinal cortex (EC) has been proposed to provide essential neural code for resolving temporal discontinuity in conjunction with the hippocampus
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Negative Influence of the Hunger State on Rule-observance Behavior in Mice. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-3-16 Abdelrahman M Alkahwaji, Hee-Sup Shin, C Justin Lee
Developing social strategies to share limited resources equally and maximize the long-term benefits of conflict resolution is critical for appropriate social interactions. During social interactions, social decision-making depends not only on the external environment, but also on internal factors, such as hunger, thirst, or fatigue. In particular, hunger, which is related to food as a physical need
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Reelin and APP Cooperatively Modulate Dendritic Spine Formation In Vitro and In Vivo. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-3-16 Hyun-Ju Lee, Jin-Hee Park, Justin H Trotter, James N Maher, Kathleen E Keenoy, You Mi Jang, Youngeun Lee, Jae-Ick Kim, Edwin J Weeber, Hyang-Sook Hoe
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the normal function of APP at synapses is poorly understood. We and others have found that APP interacts with Reelin and that each protein is individually important for dendritic spine formation, which is associated with learning and memory, in vitro. However, whether Reelin acts through APP
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XperCT-guided Intra-cisterna Magna Injection of Streptozotocin for Establishing an Alzheimer's Disease Model Using the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-12-31 Junghyung Park,Jinyoung Won,Chang-Yeop Jeon,Kyung Seob Lim,Won Seok Choi,Sung-Hyun Park,Jincheol Seo,Jiyeon Cho,Jung Bae Seong,Hyeon-Gu Yeo,Keonwoo Kim,Yu Gyeong Kim,Minji Kim,Kyung Sik Yi,Youngjeon Lee
Till date, researchers have been developing animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in various species to understand the pathological characterization and molecular mechanistic pathways associated with this condition in humans to identify potential therapeutic treatments. A widely recognized AD model that mimics the pathology of human AD involves the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with streptozotocin
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Dopamine Receptor Supports the Potentiation of Intrinsic Excitability and Synaptic LTD in Temporoammonic-CA1 Synapse. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-12-31 Hye-Hyun Kim,Suk-Ho Lee,Won-Kyung Ho,Kisang Eom
Dopaminergic projection to the hippocampus from the ventral tegmental area or locus ceruleus has been considered to play an essential role in the acquisition of novel information. Hence, the dopaminergic modulation of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus has been widely studied. We examined how the D1 and D2 receptors influenced the mGluR5-mediated synaptic plasticity of the temporoammonic-CA1 synapses
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Enhancing the Effect of Placental Extract on the Regeneration of Crush Injured Facial Nerve. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-12-31 Gyeong Min Lim,Gwang-Won Cho,Chitra Devi Ganesan,Ji Hyun Choi,Mary Jasmin Ang,Changjong Moon,Chul Ho Jang
There is a scarcity of experimental studies on peripheral nerve regeneration using placental extract (PE). This study aimed to investigate the effects of topical PE application on recovery after crush injury to the rat facial nerve using functional, electrophysiological, and morphological evaluations. The viability of the RSC96 Schwann cells treated with PE (0.5~4 mg/ml) increased significantly. Immunoblot
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Claustral MeCP2 Regulates Methamphetamine-induced Conditioned Place Preference in Cynomolgus Monkey. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-12-31 Jinhee Bae,Sujin Ahn,Doo-Wan Cho,Hyung-Sun Kim,Su-Cheol Han,Heh-In Im
The claustrum, a brain nucleus located between the cortex and the striatum, has recently been highlighted in drug-related reward processing. Methyl CpG-binding protein-2 (MeCP2) is a transcriptional regulator that represses or activates the expression of the target gene and has been known to have an important role in the regulation of drug addiction in the dopaminergic reward system. The claustrum
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Lateral Septum Somatostatin Neurons are Activated by Diverse Stressors. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-12-31 Myungmo An,Hyun-Kyung Kim,Hoyong Park,Kyunghoe Kim,Gyuryang Heo,Han-Eol Park,ChiHye Chung,Sung-Yon Kim
The lateral septum (LS) is a forebrain structure that has been implicated in a wide range of behavioral and physiological responses to stress. However, the specific populations of neurons in the LS that mediate stress responses remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that neurons in the dorsal lateral septum (LSd) that express the somatostatin gene (hereafter, LSdSst neurons) are activated by
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The Association of White Matter Tracts with Alexithymia among Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Youbin Kang,Aram Kim,Wooyoung Kang,Kyu-Man Han,Byoungjoo Ham
Alexithymia is characterized by impairments in the processing of emotions. Although the disruptions in the white matter (WM) integrity in Major depressive disorder (MDD) has frequently been reported, the underlying relationship with alexithymia remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated WM tracts with Tracts Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy approach to discover potential associations between
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Reduced Sulcal Depth in Central Sulcus of Major Depressive Disorder. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Seung-Joon Shin,Aram Kim,Kyu-Man Han,Woo-Suk Tae,Byung-Joo Ham
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, and present various symptoms such as the dysregulation of mood, cognition, and behavior. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the morphometric change in MDD patients by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and sulcal depth analyses. Forty-six MDD patients (mean age, SD; 36.07±14.34), and 23 age- and sex-matched
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Synaptic Remodeling of the Auditory Cortex Following Bilateral Blindness: Evidence of Cross-modal Plasticity. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Jae Joon Han,Tae-Soo Noh,Myung-Whan Suh,Seung Ha Kim,Doo Hee Kim,Sang Jeong Kim,Seung Ha Oh
We aimed to evaluate structural dynamic changes of neurons in the auditory cortex after visual deprivation. We longitudinally tracked dendritic spines for 3 weeks after visual deprivation in vivo using a two-photon microscope. GFP-labeled dendritic spines in the auditory cortex were serially followed after bilateral enucleation. The turnover rate, density, and size of the spines in the dendrites were
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Visuosocial Preference Memory, but Not Avoidance Memory, Requires PLCγ1 in the CA2 Hippocampus. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Sunpil Kim,Jeongyeon Kim,Yongmin Mason Park,Pann-Ghill Suh,C Justin Lee
Visuosocial memory is defined as stored visual information containing social context. Primates have a powerful ability to associate visuosocial memory with episodic memory. However, the existence of visuosocial memory in mice remains unclear. Here, we design a novel vision-specific social memory test using a portrait picture or mirrored self-image and demonstrate that mice can distinguish conspecific
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Distribution of Neuroglobin in Pericytes is Associated with Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage against Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Yeojin Kim,Mingee Kim,So-Dam Kim,Naeun Yoon,Xiaoying Wang,Gyu-Un Bae,Yun Seon Song
With emerging data on the various functions of neuroglobin (Ngb), such as neuroprotection and neurogenesis, we investigated the role of Ngb in the neurovascular unit (NVU) of the brain. To study the distribution and function of Ngb after cerebral ischemia, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was performed in mice. Brain immunostaining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting were used
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Lipopolysaccharide-induced Autophagy Increases SOX2-positive Astrocytes While Decreasing Neuronal Differentiation in the Adult Hippocampus. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Wen-Chung Liu,Chih-Wei Wu,Mu-Hui Fu,You-Lin Tain,Chih-Kuang Liang,I-Chun Chen,Chun-Ying Hung,Yu-Chi Lee,Kay L H Wu
Inflammation alters the neural stem cell (NSC) lineage from neuronal to astrogliogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is elusive. Autophagy contributes to the decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis under E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. SRY-box transcription Factor 2 (SOX2) is critical for NSC self-renewal and proliferation. In this study, we investigated the role of SOX2 in induced
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Multiplexed Representation of Itch and Pain and Their Interaction in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Seunghui Woo,Yoo Rim Kim,Myeong Seong Bak,Geehoon Chung,Sang Jeong Kim,Sun Kwang Kim
Itch and pain are distinct sensations that share anatomically similar pathways: from the periphery to the brain. Over the last decades, several itch-specific neural pathways and molecular markers have been identified at the peripheral and spinal cord levels. Although the perception of sensation is ultimately generated at the brain level, how the brain separately processes the signals is unclear. The
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The Three Musketeers in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: Subregion-specific Structural and Functional Plasticity Underlying Fear Memory Stages. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-9-2 Yongmin Sung, Bong-Kiun Kaang
Fear memory recruits various brain regions with long-lasting brain-wide subcellular events. The medial prefrontal cortex processes the emotional and cognitive functions required for adequately handling fear memory. Several studies have indicated that subdivisions within the medial prefrontal cortex, namely the prelimbic, infralimbic, and anterior cingulate cortices, may play different roles across
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A Review on Peripheral Tinnitus, Causes, and Treatments from the Perspective of Autophagy. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-9-2 Karthikeyan A Vijayakumar, Gwang-Won Cho, Nagarajan Maharajan, Chul Ho Jang
Tinnitus is the perception of phantom noise without any external auditory sources. The degeneration of the function or activity of the peripheral or central auditory nervous systems is one of the causes of tinnitus. This damage has numerous causes, such as loud noise, aging, and ototoxicity. All these sources excite the cells of the auditory pathway, producing reactive oxygen species that leads to
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Low-voltage Activating K+ Channels in Cochlear Afferent Nerve Fiber Dendrites. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-9-2 Kushal Sharma, Kwon Woo Kang, Young-Woo Seo, Elisabeth Glowatzki, Eunyoung Yi
Cochlear afferent nerve fibers (ANF) are the first neurons in the ascending auditory pathway. We investigated the low-voltage activating K+ channels expressed in ANF dendrites using isolated rat cochlear segments. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were made from the dendritic terminals of ANFs. Outward currents activating at membrane potentials as low as -64 mV were observed in all dendrites studied
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Anti-stress Effect of Octopus Cephalotocin in Rats. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-9-2 Ye-Ji Kim, Seonmi Jo, Seung-Hyun Jung, Dong Ho Woo
Cephalotocin is a bioactivity-regulating peptide expressed in octopus (Octopus vulgaris). The peptide sequence of cephalotocin is very similar to the peptide sequence of mammalian vasopressin, and cephalotocin has been proposed to mainly activate arginine vasopressin 1b receptor (Avpr1b) in the brain. However, the effects of cephalotocin on mammalian behavior have not been studied. In the current study
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Blood-brain Barrier Damage is Pivotal for SARS-CoV-2 Infection to the Central Nervous System. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-9-2 Jahir Rodríguez-Morales, Sebastián Guartazaca-Guerrero, Salma A Rizo-Téllez, Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria, Eira Valeria Barrón, Aldo F Hernández-Valencia, Porfirio Nava, Galileo Escobedo, José Damián Carrillo-Ruiz, Lucía A Méndez-García
Transsynaptic transport is the most accepted proposal to explain the SARS-CoV-2 infection of the CNS. Nevertheless, emerging evidence shows that neurons do not express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2, which highlights the importance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in preventing virus entry to the brain. In this study, we examine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and the cytokine
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Cranial and Spinal Window Preparation for in vivo Optical Neuroimaging in Rodents and Related Experimental Techniques. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-7-6 Chanmi Yeon, Jeong Myo Im, Minsung Kim, Young Ro Kim, Euiheon Chung
Optical neuroimaging provides an effective neuroscience tool for multi-scale investigation of the neural structures and functions, ranging from molecular, cellular activities to the inter-regional connectivity assessment. Amongst experimental preparations, the implementation of an artificial window to the central nervous system (CNS) is primarily required for optical visualization of the CNS and associated
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Unaltered Tonic Inhibition in the Arcuate Nucleus of Diet-induced Obese Mice. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-7-6 Moonsun Sa, Jung Moo Lee, Mingu Gordon Park, Jiwoon Lim, Jong Min Joseph Kim, Wuhyun Koh, Bo-Eun Yoon, C Justin Lee
The principal inhibitory transmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is critical for maintaining hypothalamic homeostasis and released from neurons phasically, as well as from astrocytes tonically. Although astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus are shown to transform into reactive astrocytes, the tonic inhibition by astrocytic GABA has not been adequately investigated in diet-induced
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Generation of Astrocyte-Specific MAOB Conditional Knockout Mouse with Minimal Tonic GABA Inhibition. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-7-6 Jung Moo Lee, Moonsun Sa, Heeyoung An, Jong Min Joseph Kim, Jea Kwon, Bo-Eun Yoon, C Justin Lee
Monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) is a key enzyme for GABA production in astrocytes in several brain regions. To date, the role of astrocytic MAOB has been studied in MAOB null knockout (KO) mice, although MAOB is expressed throughout the body. Therefore, there has been a need for genetically engineered mice in which only astrocytic MAOB is targeted. Here, we generated an astrocyte-specific MAOB conditional
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Astrocyte-targeted Overproduction of IL-10 Reduces Neurodegeneration after TBI. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-7-6 Mahsa Shanaki-Barvasad, Beatriz Almolda, Berta González, Bernardo Castellano
Traumatic brain injury is the greatest cause of disability and death in young adults in the developed world. The outcome for a TBI patient is determined by the severity of the injury, not only from the initial insult but, especially, as a product of the secondary injury. It is proposed that this secondary injury is directly linked to neuro-inflammation, with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators
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The Change in Circadian Rhythms in P301S Transgenic Mice is Linked to Variability in Hsp70-related Tau Disaggregation. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-7-6 Song Mi Han, Yu Jung Jang, Eun Young Kim, Sun Ah Park
Circadian disruption often involves a neurodegenerative disorder, such as Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia, which are characterized by intraneuronal tau accumulations. The altered sleep pattern and diurnal rhythms in these disorders are the results of tau pathology. The circadian disturbance in reverse is thought to develop and potentially aggravate the condition. However, the underlying
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Simultaneous Cellular Imaging, Electrical Recording and Stimulation of Hippocampal Activity in Freely Behaving Mice. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-7-6 Chae Young Kim, Sang Jeong Kim, Fabian Kloosterman
Hippocampal sharp-wave ripple activity (SWRs) and the associated replay of neural activity patterns are well-known for their role in memory consolidation. This activity has been studied using electrophysiological approaches, as high temporal resolution is required to recognize SWRs in the neuronal signals. However, it has been difficult to analyze the individual contribution of neurons to task-specific
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Physiological Roles of Monomeric Amyloid-β and Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-6-9 Hyomin Jeong, Heewon Shin, Seungpyo Hong, YoungSoo Kim
Alzheimer's disease (AD) progressively inflicts impairment of synaptic functions with notable deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) as senile plaques within the extracellular space of the brain. Accordingly, therapeutic directions for AD have focused on clearing Aβ plaques or preventing amyloidogenesis based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, the emerging evidence suggests that Aβ serves biological
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Neonatal Mice Spinal Cord Interneurons Send Axons through the Dorsal Roots. Exp. Neurobiol. (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2022-6-9 Laura Paulina Osuna-Carrasco, Sergio Horacio Dueñas-Jiménez, Carmen Toro-Castillo, Braniff De la Torre, Irene Aguilar-García, Jonatan Alpirez, Luis Castillo, Judith Marcela Dueñas-Jiménez
Spontaneous interneuron activity plays a critical role in developing neuronal networks. Discharges conducted antidromically along the dorsal root (DR) precede those from the ventral root's (VR) motoneurons. This work studied whether spinal interneurons project axons into the neonate's dorsal roots. Experiments were carried out in postnatal Swiss-Webster mice. We utilized a staining technique and found