-
Modelling cognitive flexibility with deep neural networks Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Kai Sandbrink, Christopher Summerfield
Neural networks trained with deep reinforcement learning can perform many complex tasks at similar levels to humans. However, unlike people, neural networks converge to a fixed solution during optimisation, limiting their ability to adapt to new challenges. In this opinion, we highlight three key new methods that allow neural networks to be posed as models of human cognitive flexibility. In the first
-
Reinforcement learning and meta-decision-making Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Pieter Verbeke, Tom Verguts
A key aspect of cognitive flexibility is to efficiently make use of earlier experience to attain one’s goals. This requires learning, but also a modular, and more specifically hierarchical, structure. We hold that both are required, but combining them leads to several computational challenges that brains and artificial agents (learn to) deal with. In a hierarchical structure, meta-decisions must be
-
Early-phase neuroplasticity induced by offline transcranial ultrasound stimulation in primates Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Nadège Bault, Siti N Yaakub, Elsa Fouragnan
The use of ‘offline’ transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) protocols is of particular interest in the rapidly growing field of low-intensity TUS. Offline TUS can modulate neural activity up to several hours after stimulation, suggesting the induction of early-phase neuroplasticity. Studies in both humans and nonhuman primates have shown spatially specific changes in both the neuromodulation target
-
Towards a reliable neural biomarker for predicting response to non-invasive brain stimulation in the treatment of depression Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Emmet McNickle, Lamia Tadjine, Kathy Ruddy
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) approaches such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are rapidly emerging as effective and well-tolerated treatments for depression. With the most recent head-to-head studies demonstrating equivalence in clinical efficacy between rTMS, tDCS and widely used pharmaceutical antidepressants, there
-
Consciousness in farm animals and the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of slaughter techniques Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 EM Claudia Terlouw, Pierre Le Neindre
The slaughter of animals comprises the induction of unconsciousness followed by bleeding to cause death. Today’s slaughter practices are chosen to avoid animal suffering, but what does science tell us about animal suffering? Do animals have emotions? Consciousness? How to study consciousness? Experiments suggest strongly that animals have emotions and are conscious, although many aspects of consciousness
-
Cortico-cortical paired-associative stimulation to investigate the plasticity of cortico-cortical visual networks in humans Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Luca Tarasi, Sonia Turrini, Alejandra Sel, Alessio Avenanti, Vincenzo Romei
Cortico-cortical paired-associative stimulation (ccPAS) is an advanced dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation technique that exploits the Hebbian principle to induce plastic changes in functional networks and modulate interactions between cortical brain regions. This review summarizes the growing body of ccPAS research on network dynamics underpinning visual perception. Studies revealed a functional
-
Recent advancements in optimising transcranial electrical stimulation: reducing response variability through individualised stimulation Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Kym Wansbrough, Jane Tan, Ann-Maree Vallence, Hakuei Fujiyama
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has garnered significant attention as a non-invasive neuromodulation technique with promising therapeutic potential for various neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. However, considerable variability in response to tES both between and within-individuals is a prevailing issue. This review explored recent advancements in optimising tES through individualised
-
From tripping and falling to ruminating and worrying: a meta-control account of repetitive negative thinking Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Peter F Hitchcock, Michael J Frank
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic construct that encompasses rumination and worry, yet what precisely is shared between rumination and worry is unclear. To clarify this, we develop a meta-control account of RNT. Meta-control refers to the reinforcement and control of mental behavior via similar computations as reinforce and control motor behavior. We propose rumination and worry
-
Unraveling the cerebellum’s role in multiple sclerosis Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Antonia Wenger, Pasquale Calabrese, Cristina Granziera
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system affecting approximately 2.8 million people worldwide. Cerebellar dysfunction in MS presents with ataxia, ocular movement disorders, tremor, dysmetria, as well as cognitive deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging has improved our understanding of cerebellar dysfunctions in MS and their
-
Toward an ion‐channel‐centric approach to ultrasound neuromodulation Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Martin L Prieto, Merritt Maduke
Ultrasound neuromodulation is a promising technology that could revolutionize study and treatment of brain conditions ranging from mood disorders to Alzheimer’s disease and stroke. An understanding of how ultrasound directly modulates specific ion channels could provide a roadmap for targeting specific neurological circuits and achieving desired neurophysiological outcomes. Although experimental challenges
-
-
Cerebellar imaging with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging: approaches, challenges, and potential Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Henrik Lundell, Christopher J Steele
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is sensitive to the mobility of water in tissue and sensitive to cell geometry and organization in the central nervous system — providing unique insight into both local microstructure and white matter connectivity. Most dMRI methods were developed for studying cerebral white matter but can provide useful information about cerebellar white and gray matter
-
Biologically plausible models of cognitive flexibility: merging recurrent neural networks with full-brain dynamics Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Maya van Holk, Jorge F Mejias
Cognitive flexibility, a cornerstone of human cognition, enables us to adapt to shifting environmental demands. This brain function has been widely explored using computational modeling, although oftentimes these models focus on the operational dimension of cognitive flexibility and do not retain a sufficient level of neurobiological detail to lead to electrophysiological or neuroimaging insights.
-
Corrigendum to: “Effective ways for reducing dehumanization: interpersonal and intergroup strategies” [Curr Opin Behav Sci 51(2023) 101277] Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Francesca Prati, Eleonora Crapolicchio, Antonie Dvorakova, Gian A Di Bernardo, Daniela Ruzzante
Abstract not available
-
What are we measuring when we measure task switch costs? Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Eliot Hazeltine
Task switching procedures are widely used to assess the processes supporting executive function and cognitive control, but there is wide variation in what subjects are required to do during these procedures and a lack of consensus about what, exactly, constitutes a task switch. The methodological variation in task switching experiments has revealed diverse factors that affect the magnitude of switch
-
Bridging the gap: (a)typical psychedelic and near-death experience insights Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Pauline Fritz, Nicolas Lejeune, Paolo Cardone, Olivia Gosseries, Charlotte Martial
Mystical-like states of consciousness may arise in different contexts, two of the most well-known being drug-induced psychedelic experiences and near-death experiences, which arise in potentially life-threatening contexts. We suggest and review emerging evidence that the former may model the latter in laboratory settings. This suggestion is based on their phenomenologically striking similarities. In
-
One cannot simply 'be flexible’: regulating control parameters requires learning Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Senne Braem, Mengqiao Chai, Leslie K Held, Shengjie Xu
Humans are remarkably efficient at being on task, and flexibly switching back and forth between different tasks. The degree to which they focus on a task, or the extent to which they remain open for switching between tasks, are often considered ‘control parameters’ that are thought to be under parametric control. Theories on cognitive control often assume that people can readily up- or downregulate
-
Flexibility as a matter of context, effort, and ability: evidence from the task-switching paradigm Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Gesine Dreisbach, Jonathan Mendl
One of the hallmarks of human cognition is the flexibility to adjust action and thought to changing demands from the environment. The (voluntary) task-switching (VTS) paradigm is the prime tool to study cognitive flexibility, as it allows measuring the ability (switch costs) and the motivation (voluntary switch rates [VSRs]) to switch between cognitive tasks. We will review recent research showing
-
Clinical cerebellar neuroscience: cognitive functioning in spinocerebellar ataxias: an update and future directions Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-14 Louisa P Selvadurai, Jeremy D Schmahmann, Ian H Harding
Cognitive deficits are an increasingly well-recognised feature of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). A growing body of research using the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome Scale, as well as more targeted neuropsychological assessments, consistently supports the presence of multidomain cognitive impairments in the most common SCAs. However, it is also becoming clear that cognitive changes may impact
-
Life in light of the Sphere Model of Consciousness: a bio-electrophysiological perspective on (well-)being and the embodied self Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Tal D Ben-Soussan, Patrizio Paoletti
A clear overview of biological correlates to vitality is still lacking. Consequently, in the current opinion paper, we suggest an electrophysiological and biological approach to the question of vitality. We will examine this issue by bringing forth the interconnectedness between life, consciousness, neuronal synchronization, and death. In addition, we will then connect the state of self to vitality
-
Unmasking resilience in the ‘New Normal’: coping with unprecedented stressors amid COVID-19 Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Cecilia Cheng, Si Chen
Resilience was critical for individual well-being under COVID-19 lockdown measures. Resilience fostered mental health and adaptive coping for students and working adults. Resilience promoted post-traumatic growth from the pandemic. There is a need to further resilience research and evidence-based intervent. The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a series of unparalleled lockdown measures that have had
-
Untangling a taxonomy of living from the science of the continuum of life Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Aron S Buchman
Medical innovation and technologic advances enrich daily living and occur within our normative worlds that are socially constructed. These advances confront society with critical questions about the nature of human life, laying bare the inadequacies of extant norms and boundaries. Yet, society has been unable to develop consensus about when life ends. Scientific studies highlight that life is best
-
Insights into control over cognitive flexibility from studies of task-switching Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Tobias Egner, Audrey Siqi-Liu
Cognitive flexibility denotes the ability to disengage from a current task and shift one’s focus to a different activity. An individual’s level of flexibility is not fixed; rather, people adapt their readiness to switch tasks to changing circumstances. We here review recent studies in the task-switching literature that have produced new insights into the contextual factors that drive this adaptation
-
A biopsychological–social view of mathematical development Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Denes Szucs, Irene C Mammarella
The biological, social, and individual-level foundations of mathematics development are typically studied in isolation. However, isolated study of these areas can only offer limited understanding. In order to facilitate a holistic, integrative view of the field, here, we review recent studies in several of the above domains, focusing on how individual-level cognitive, emotional, motivational, and
-
Clinical cerebellar neuroscience: ataxias — cognitive and affective symptoms in focal cerebellar lesions Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Friedrich Erdlenbruch, Dagmar Timmann, Andreas Thieme
Lesion-behavior mapping in patients with focal cerebellar lesions provides important insights into functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum. Advances of magnetic resonance brain imaging have made it possible to map functions even in small cerebellar structures such as the dentate nucleus. Although functions do not strictly follow the boundaries of cerebellar lobules, precise delineation of
-
Cerebellar roots of aggression in violent psychopathic offenders: evidence from structural neuroimaging studies Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Jana Klaus, Elze ML Wolfs, Dennis JLG Schutter
Investigations of structural brain abnormalities in antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy associated with aggression have focused on prefrontal, limbic, and paralimbic regions. In this narrative review, a series of structural neuroanatomical studies are discussed, which points toward an important role of the cerebellum in antisocial and aggressive behavior. Across the reviewed studies, volumetric
-
Impact of cerebellar-specific genetic and circuit manipulations on the behavioral phenotype and cerebellar physiology in murine autism models Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Lucas Wahl, Ines Serra, Aleksandra Badura
-
Noncortical cognition: integration of information for close-proximity behavioral problem-solving Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Luiz Pessoa
Animals face behavioral problems that can be conceptualized in terms of a gradient of spatial and temporal proximity. I propose that solving close-proximity behavioral problems involves integrating disparate types of information in complex and flexible ways. In this framework, the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is understood as a key region involved in close-proximity motivated cognition. Anatomically
-
The bidirectional relationship between the cerebellum and seizure networks: a double-edged sword Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Martha Laura Streng
Epilepsy is highly prevalent and notoriously pharmacoresistant. New therapeutic interventions are urgently needed, both for preventing the seizures themselves and negative outcomes and comorbidities associated with chronic epilepsy. While the cerebellum is not traditionally associated with epilepsy or seizures, research over the past decade has outlined the cerebellum as a brain region that is uniquely
-
Methods for cerebellar imaging analysis Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Nikos Priovoulos, Pierre-Louis Bazin
The human cerebellum consists of an extended, highly-folded, and laminated cortical sheet overlying the white matter and cerebellar nuclei. This complex anatomy hinders the processing of magnetic resonance imaging data, as the relevant structures are not fully resolved. In this review, we explore the typical processing techniques employed for the anatomical and functional imaging of the cerebellum
-
Unraveling sequence learning in obsessive–compulsive disorder Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Bianka Brezóczki, Teodóra Vékony, Orsolya Pesthy, Eszter Tóth-Fáber, Katalin Csigó, Kinga Farkas, Dezso Nemeth
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of intrusive thoughts and engagement in rigid, repetitive behaviors. Current neurobiological models of OCD emphasize dysfunction of the frontal–striatal system. According to recent research, sequence-specific learning is supported by the globus pallidus, as well as the anterior parts of the putamen and caudate nucleus. Given the shared
-
Extended cognition and life after death Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Michael J Spivey
Minimally cognitive processes are identified in animals that have no central nervous system, in bacteria and in plants, and even in nonbiological systems that exhibit self-organization, self-sustenance, and group coordination. The common thread among these living and life-like systems is that they all participate in an adaptive dynamic bidirectional exchange of energy and information with their environment
-
Contributions of the subcortical auditory system to predictive coding and the neural encoding of speech Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Carles Escera
Prevalent views in cognitive neuroscience have highlighted the auditory cortex (AC) as the major neuroanatomical site for auditory cognition. Yet, this view suffers from ‘cortical myopia’ as it neglects the intricate functional architecture of the subcortical auditory pathway. Here, I will review evidence indicating that key anatomical structures in the auditory hierarchy, such as the inferior colliculus
-
Thalamic and basal ganglia involvement in language-related functions Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Fabian Klostermann, Hannes O Tiedt
Words would only be sounds, if they did not activate phonemic and semantic operations in separate cortical regions, and their serial occurrence would remain incomprehensible without integration into a suitable syntactic frame. Coming from this simple notion, two components of biolinguistic processing seem principally relevant, first, the flexible binding of distributed cortical areas to recruit the
-
The big role of the ‘little brain’: exploring the developing cerebellum and its role in cognition Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Maedbh King
The cerebellum has been the focus of much debate over the past five decades, and it has been implicated in a wide range of cognitive functions extending beyond sensorimotor control. Much of the empirical research on the function of the cerebellum has been centered on the ‘little brain’ in its mature, adult form. However, we are now starting to appreciate that the developing cerebellum offers a unique
-
Social cognition in degenerative cerebellar ataxias Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Simona Karamazovova, Veronika Matuskova, Natalie Svecova, Martin Vyhnalek
Social cognition (SC) refers to a set of skills necessary for successful social communication and interpersonal relationships. Accumulating evidence points toward a crucial role of the cerebellum in SC. This narrative review summarizes and discusses the social cognitive impairment in cerebellar ataxias (CA), a group of hereditary neurodegenerative diseases of the cerebellum. Substantial impairment
-
Editorial overview: The empirical examination of dehumanisation as a psychological construct Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Naira Delgado, Lasana T Harris
Researchers have empirically studied dehumanisation as a psychological construct for the past two decades, revealing a diverse construct with far-reaching societal implications. This special issue presents a series of review articles covering this diversity, discussing dehumanisation in perceptual, meta-cognitive, attributional, interpersonal, intergroup and human atrocity contexts. It incorporates
-
New frontiers for the understanding of aging: the power and possibilities of studying the cerebellum Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Jessica A Bernard, Kaitlin M McOwen, Angelina T Huynh
Understanding behavior in aging has benefited greatly from cognitive neuroscience. Our foundational understanding of the brain in advanced age is based on what now amounts to several decades of work demonstrating differences in brain structure, network organization, and function. Earlier work in this field was focused primarily on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. More recent evidence has expanded
-
Understanding cerebellar cognitive and social functions: methodological challenges and new directions for future transcranial magnetic stimulation studies Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Daniele Gatti, Luca Rinaldi, Tomaso Vecchi, Chiara Ferrari
A large body of evidence is available regarding the role of the cerebellum in the nonmotor domain. Several techniques have been used to study cerebellar cognitive and social functions, with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) being one of the most promising. TMS studies investigating the role of the cerebellum in nonmotor processes have contributed to unveil a detailed map of the (causal) functional
-
A seat at the (language) table: incorporating the cerebellum into frameworks for language processing Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Amanda LeBel, Anila M. D’Mello
The cerebellum, traditionally associated with motor control, has long been considered a secondary player in cognitive processing. However, decades of research have now highlighted the cerebellum's crucial role in higher-order cognitive functions. Among these, the cerebellum is consistently implicated in language — both motor components such as articulation and nonmotor aspects of language such as semantics
-
Short review article: cerebellum and social behavior Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Frank Van Overwalle, Elien Heleven
There is growing evidence demonstrating a critical role of the posterior cerebellar Crus area in social mentalizing (i.e. reading the other person’s mind). Many studies support the view that while inferring the mental state of other persons, the cerebellar Crus area identifies the persons’ sequences of actions that allow to anticipate upcoming social interactions. Functional and structural connectivity
-
Methods for cerebellar imaging: cerebellar subdivision Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Carlos R Hernandez-Castillo
Despite its great importance for a variety of behavioral and cognitive domains, the cerebellum has been understudied using human imaging, thereby delaying the development of computational tools that allow us to analyze its anatomy and function. Owing to its homogeneous architecture, finding ways to subdivide the cerebellum into meaningful parcels is one of the major challenges in the field. Although
-
Theories of consciousness and a life worth living Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-09 Liad Mudrik, Myrto Mylopoulos, Niccolo Negro, Aaron Schurger
What is it that makes a life valuable? A popular view is that life’s moral worth depends in some way on its relationship to consciousness or subjective experience. But a practical application of this view requires the ability to test for consciousness, which is currently lacking. Here, we examine how theories of consciousness (ToC) can help do so, focusing especially on difficult cases where the answer
-
-
Can you create? Visualising and modelling real-world mathematics with technologies in STEAM educational settings Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Ben Haas, Zsolt Lavicza, Tony Houghton, Yves Kreis
In the past three decades, and especially accelerated during the Covid-19 pandemic, technology-assisted learning and teaching, and particularly in our case dynamic mathematics software in science-technology-engineering-arts-mathematics (STEAM) settings are becoming increasingly important. More recently, the development of more advanced mathematics-related technologies such as augmented reality, computer-aided
-
Collaborative problem-solving in mathematics Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Patricio Felmer
While problem-solving is the ‘main reason for mathematicians’ existence, collaboration has not been seen explicitly so central. Even though it has been an essential part for the development of mathematics, material conditions made it different and slower in the past. Today, collaborative problem-solving (CPS) is part of mathematicians’ daily experiences so that, following Polya’s idea that for mathematics
-
Reducing dehumanisation through virtual reality: prospects and pitfalls Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-13
This paper presents evidence that Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to reduce dehumanisation via a range of different routes, notably the experience of being present in a situation with outgroup members, experiencing virtual contact and interaction with the outgroup and taking on the perspective or even body of an outgroup member. In addition, it hightlights key questions that require future research
-
Stress and the control of remembering: balancing hippocampal and striatal forms of memory retrieval Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Lars Schwabe
Memory can be controlled by multiple brain systems that may compete for control of behavior. It is by now well established that acute stress can bias this competition and favor dorsal striatum-dependent ‘habit’ learning over hippocampus-dependent ‘cognitive’ learning. Recent evidence in humans suggests that stress modulates the preferential engagement of multiple memory systems not only during memory
-
Rethinking dehumanization, empathy, and burnout in healthcare contexts Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Claire J Hoogendoorn, Naira Delgado Rodríguez
Dehumanization has been characterized as common in medical settings, despite limited work directly examining this. In this context, everyday dehumanization is believed to be largely unconscious and unintentional, resulting from a variety of factors often related to structural and organizational aspects of healthcare. This article adopts the patients’ and the healthcare providers’ perspective to explore
-
-
Interacting with agents without a mind: the case for artificial agents Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Rebecca Geiselmann, Afroditi Tsourgianni, Ophelia Deroy, Lasana T Harris
Humans may deprive each other of human qualities if the social context encourages it. But what about the opposite: do people attribute human traits to non-human entities without a mind, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Perceived humanness is based on the assumption that the other can act (has agency) and has experiences (thoughts and feelings). This review shows that AI fails to fully elicit these
-
Corrigendum to ‘On the age-specific neurochemical and endocrine biomarkers of temperament traits in adolescents’ [Curr Opin Behav Sci, vol 43, February 2022, Pages 118–124] Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Sergey Aleksandrovich Bashkatov, Margarita Ivanovna Garipova
Abstract not available
-
Emotions as constituents, predictors and outcomes of dehumanization Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Roger Giner-Sorolla, Rocío Martínez, Saulo Fernández, Alexandra Chas
Because emotions are a defining factor of humanity as well as being involved in intergroup prejudice, the dehumanization of individuals and groups has often been studied in relation to emotions. First, perceptions of capacity to feel specific complex emotions have been used to measure perceptions of the human essence of other groups. Second, hostile emotions can promote the dehumanization of other
-
Editorial overview: How do the executive and reward systems interact to determine eating behavior? Current theoretical frameworks and training approaches Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Géraldine Coppin, Lucas Spierer
Abstract not available
-
Addressing problematic use of the Internet and related compulsive and addictive behaviors Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Naomi A Fineberg, Marc N Potenza
Abstract not available
-
‘They deserve it for what they're doing’: dehumanising rhetoric as a facilitator of the recourse to violence against the defenceless Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Vanesa Fischer, Shane M O’Mara
Torture has been with us for all of recorded history, often assuming an important role in juridical and legal systems. Despite a decades-long campaign, torture persists within many nations today, and is sometimes considered, or even implemented, as a policy and practice option in nations that otherwise would abjure its use. Here, we consider the possible relationships between the willingness to employ
-
Effective ways for reducing dehumanization: interpersonal and intergroup strategies Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-25 Francesca Prati, Eleonora Crapolicchio, Antonie Dvorakova, Gian A Di Bernardo, Daniela Ruzzante
Up to date, research on dehumanization has widely been explored showing the consequences of the denial of humanity to others, the groups that are affected by this refusal, or even the cognitive and neural networks that are involved when perceiving others as less human. Dehumanization is still so grounded in human nature that it is now fundamental to understand how this phenomenon can be prevented.
-
Focusing on the self to humanize others: the role of empathy and morality Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-19 Andrea Scatolon, Keren Sharvit, Carmen Huici, Alba Alamo Hernandez, Gilat Glazer, Elena Lorenzo Sánchez, Melanie Michna
Literature on dehumanization has mainly focused on factors that might reduce dehumanization and increase humanization of others. In this article, we claim that, rather than changing the way others are perceived, research on the topic should consider focusing on the human qualities of the self or ingroup, which could in turn facilitate people's humanization of others. The main focus of this approach
-
Children: dehumanized or not yet fully human? Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Sara Hagá
Is perceiving children as not yet fully human a manifestation of dehumanization or a mere reflection that children lack the features commonly considered distinctly human? In this paper, I discuss how seeing children as human becomings or human beings ties in with different perspectives on ‘what it is to be human’, drawn from the natural sciences, philosophy, and social sciences. In so doing, I highlight
-
Back to basics: human rights violations and dehumanization Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 Anna Zlobina, Maria Laura Bettinsoli, Mariana P Miranda, Magdalena Formanowicz
This article positions dehumanization within a broader framework of social inequality and specifically of human rights (HR) violations. We first introduce the link between the denial of HR and dehumanization. We then focus on the bidirectionality between HR violation and dehumanization considering dehumanization both as an antecedent and a consequence of the HR violation. We conclude with possible