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Differential effects of bilateral hippocampal CA3 damage on the implicit learning and recognition of complex event sequences Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Thomas D. Miller, Christopher Kennard, Penny A. Gowland, Chrystalina A. Antoniades, Clive R. Rosenthal
Learning regularities in the environment is a fundamental of human cognition that is supported by a network of brain regions that include the hippocampus. In two experiments, we assessed the effect...
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Is implicit memory associated with the hippocampus? Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Ashley C. Steinkrauss, Scott D. Slotnick
According to the traditional memory-systems view, the hippocampus is critical during explicit (conscious) long-term memory, whereas other brain regions support implicit (nonconscious) memory. In th...
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Counterfactual imagination impairs memory for true actions: EEG and behavioural evidence Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Phot Dhammapeera, Chloe Brunskill, Robin Hellerstedt, Zara M. Bergström
Imagined events can be misremembered as experienced, leading to memory distortions. However, less is known regarding how imagining counterfactual versions of past events can impair existing memorie...
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An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Examination of the Neural Responses to Emotional and Movement-Related Images Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Christine E. MacKay, Amy S. Desroches, Stephen D. Smith
Previous research has suggested that the perception of emotional images may also activate brain regions related to the preparation of motoric plans. However, little research has investigated whethe...
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The pattern of intra-/inter-hemispheric interactions of left and right hemispheres in visual word processing Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Sangyub Kim, Jisoo Song, Wonjae Lee, Kichun Nam
This study aimed to investigate the intra-/inter-hemispheric interactions during visual word processing, by manipulating stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) in a primed-lateralized lexical decision tas...
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of selective attention and visual conflict monitoring using a Stroop task Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Rawan Jarrar, Colleen Monahan, Johanna Shattuck, Peter Teale, Eugene Kronberg, Benzi M Kluger, Isabelle Buard
Selective attention and conflict monitoring are daily human phenomena, yet the spatial and temporal neurological underpinnings of these processes are not fully understood. Current literature sugges...
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TMS must not harm participants: guidelines for evaluating TMS protocol safety Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Scott D. Slotnick
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can modulate a targeted brain region to assess whether that region is involved in a cognitive process. When TMS is employed in cognitive neuroscience, partic...
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Causal investigation of mid-frontal theta activity in memory guided visual search Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Wen Wen, Simeng Guo, Hui Huang, Sheng Li
ABSTRACT Midfrontal theta activity is crucial for attentional and cognitive control. However, its causal role in facilitating visual search, particularly from the perspective of distractor inhibition, is yet to be discovered. We applied theta band transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS) over frontocentral regions when participants searched for targets among heterogeneous distractors with
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Half-listening or zoned out? It’s about the same: the impact of attentional state on word processing in context Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Megan A. Boudewyn
ABSTRACT Language comprehension must require some degree of attentional focus, but how do periods of inattention and/or split attention impact how language is processed? Here EEG was recorded while participants listened to full-length stories, and were periodically asked about whether they were fully attentive, were completely inattentive, or felt that they were in a split attention state. The ERP
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No convincing evidence the hippocampus is associated with working memory Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Scott D. Slotnick
ABSTRACT In a previous discussion paper , twenty-six working memory fMRI studies that reported activity in the hippocampus were systematically analyzed. None of these studies provided convincing evidence that the hippocampus was active during the late delay phase, the only period in which working memory can be isolated from long-term memory processes. Based on these results, it was concluded that working
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Role of the prefrontal cortex and executive functions in basic emotions recognition: evidence from patients with focal damage to the prefrontal cortex Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Riadh Ouerchefani, Naoufel Ouerchefani, Mohamed Riadh Ben Rejeb, Didier Le Gall
ABSTRACT Few studies have examined the specific contribution of focal damage of the prefrontal cortex and executive dysfunction to emotion recognition deficits, with results reporting controversial findings. This study investigated the performance of 30 patients with prefrontal cortex damage and 30 matched controls on a battery of executive measures assessing processes of inhibition, flexibility, and
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Understanding mixed and ambiguous emotions – integrating neurophenomenology and literary studies Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Paul Sopcak
ABSTRACT This commentary makes three suggestions on Willems’ neurocognitive model for understanding mixed and ambiguous emotions and morality. First, it proposes that his atheoretical approach risks unwittingly adopting theoretical and conceptual limitations implicit in reigning paradigms and overlooking the need for theoretical impetus and constraints in the development of valid constructs of targeted
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Can we distinguish mixed from ambiguous emotions and morality? Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Kobie van Krieken, Anneke de Graaf, Enny Das
ABSTRACT The neurocognitive model of Mixed and Ambiguous Emotions and Morality (MA-EM) makes a relevant case for putting non-unidimensional emotions and morality more prominently on the research agenda. However, existing research challenges its assumptions about the distinction between mixed and ambiguous emotions and morality, and how they relate to reflective versus simulative processing routes,
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Degree of abstraction rather than ambiguity is crucial for driving mentalizing involvement commentary on “A-EM: a neurocognitive model for understanding mixed and ambiguous emotions and morality” Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-20 Kris Baetens, Ning Ma
ABSTRACT Willems (this issue) proposes a neurocognitive model with a central role allotted to ambiguity in perceived morality and emotion in driving involvement of reflective/mentalizing processes. We argue that abstractness of representation has more explanatory power in this respect. We illustrate this with examples from the verbal and non-verbal domain showing a) concrete-ambiguous emotions processed
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Switching between emotions in the twenty-first century attention economy Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-20 David Peeters, Siebe Bluijs
ABSTRACT The use of naturalistic stimuli in cognitive neuroscience experiments inspires and requires theoretical foundations that bring together different cognitive domains, such as emotion, language, and morality. By zooming in on the digital environments in which we often perceive emotional messages today, and inspired by the Mixed and Ambiguous Emotions and Morality model, we here argue that successfully
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Mixed and ambiguous emotions can be studied with verbal irony Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-20 Valeria A. Pfeifer, Penny M. Pexman
ABSTRACT In this commentary we draw attention to a context involving mixed and ambiguous emotions: verbal irony. Irony is frequently used, evokes mixed emotional responses (e.g., criticism and amusement), and has been the focus of recent cognitive neuroscience research. Yet, irony has primarily been studied as a linguistic device, and has rarely been considered by emotion researchers. Similarly, linguistics
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Do we need to reconceptualize emotions? Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-13 Franziska Hartung
ABSTRACT Over the past decades, the emerging and ever-growing body of studies in empirical aesthetics has made one thing abundantly clear: our current models and conceptualizations of emotional experiences have outlived their usefulness. How do we go from here?
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Neural bases of motivated forgetting of autobiographical memories Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-21 FengYing Lu, WenJing Yang, Jiang Qiu
ABSTRACT It is important for mental health to be able to control unwanted intrusive memories. Previous studies suggest that middle frontal gyrus (MFG) down regulates pathways underlie the suppression of retrieval of general memories. However, the neural basis of motivated forgetting of autobiographical memories is unclear. Therefore, this study used two samples to explore the neural mechanisms of motivated
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MA-EM: A neurocognitive model for understanding mixed and ambiguous emotions and morality Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 Roel M. Willems
ABSTRACT Understanding emotions and moral intentions of other people is integral to being human. Humanities scholars have long recognized the complex and ambiguous nature of emotions and morality. People are rarely ‘just’ happy, or sad. Neither are they ‘just’ good or bad people. Despite this, most knowledge about the psychological and neural basis of emotions and moral understanding comes from experiments
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What does the hippocampus do during working-memory tasks? A cognitive-neuropsychological perspective Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Roy P.C. Kessels, Heiko C. Bergmann
ABSTRACT In this commentary, we highlight the role of the hippocampus as a binding device that may explain its recruitment during associative working-memory paradigms. Furthermore, we argue that both functional neuroimaging research, as presented in Slotnick (this issue), and carefully designed lesion studies in patients with selective bilateral hippocampal damage are crucial for advancing our understanding
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Hippocampal involvement in working memory following refreshing Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Nathan S. Rose, Chang-Mao Chao
ABSTRACT Working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM) tests have both overlapping and distinct neurocognitive processes. Hippocampal activity in fMRI studies–a hallmark of LTM–also occurs on WM tasks, typically during encoding or retrieval and sometimes (albeit rarely) through ‘late-delay’ periods. The Synaptic Theory of WM suggests that ‘activity-silent’ synaptic weights retain temporary, WM-relevant
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Mechanisms for maintaining information in working memory Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-10 Chantal E. Stern, Michael E Hasselmo
ABSTRACT The review by Slotnick is valuable for raising the important question of how much the hippocampal activity induced by novel stimuli is due to mechanisms for encoding into long-term memory, and how much is due to working memory. Slotnick’s paper implicitly defines working memory as being equivalent to sustained activation during the late delay period. In this commentary, we suggest that cognitive
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Hippocampal activity in working memory tasks: sparse, yet relevant Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-09 Judith C. Peters, Joel Reithler
ABSTRACT Recent studies suggest the hippocampus is involved in working memory (WM). Slotnick (this issue) critically reviewed relevant fMRI findings and concludes WM ‘does not activate the hippocampus.’ We extend Slotnick’s review by discussing observations from human intracranial and lesion research. These studies do suggest hippocampal contributions to WM (beyond novelty encoding), which however
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‘Working memory is a distributed dynamic process’ Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Susan M. Courtney
ABSTRACT I propose working memory be considered, not as a process for static maintenance in a particular set of brain regions, but rather as a dynamic process unfolding to serve future needs. Brain regions such as the hippocampus, or sensory and motor regions, may be necessarily recruited during this process, depending on task demands. Information stored in working memory is thus a distributed representation
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Hippocampal activity supporting working memory is contingent upon specific task demands Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Jessica L. Wood, Danielle E. Clark, Derek Evan Nee
ABSTRACT Working memory (WM) is the ability to maintain and manipulate internal representations. WM recruits varying brain regions based on task demands. Although the hippocampus has historically been associated with long-term memory (LTM), several studies provide evidence for its involvement during WM tasks. Slotnick (this issue) posits that this involvement is due to LTM processes. This argument
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The hippocampus and long-term memory Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-27 Scott D. Slotnick
ABSTRACT This special issue of Cognitive Neuroscience focuses on the roles of the hippocampus during long-term memory. A discussion paper by Tallman, Clark, and Smith (this issue) found that functional connectivity of the hippocampus with the parahippocampal cortex and fusiform gyrus decreased with memory age, providing support for systems consolidation. Commentaries were received by Berdugo-Vega and
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A way forward for design and analysis of neuroimaging studies of memory consolidation Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-16 Catherine W. Tallman, Robert E. Clark, Christine N. Smith
ABSTRACT Several novel ideas and suggestions were made in response to our discussion paper (Tallman et al., this issue). Careful consideration of the content and context of memory while accounting for the neuroanatomy and functional specialization of the hippocampus may reveal more consistent patterns in fMRI studies of memory consolidation. Below we address these ideas as well as issues that arise
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Sensorimotor representation of observed dyadic actions with varying agent involvement: an EEG mu study Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-06-14 Manon A Krol, Tjeerd Jellema
ABSTRACT Observation of others’ actions activates motor representations in sensorimotor cortex. Although action observation in the real-world often involves multiple agents displaying varying degrees of action involvement, most lab studies on action observation studied individual actions. We recorded EEG-mu suppression over sensorimotor cortex to investigate how the multi-agent nature of observed hand/arm
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Does working memory activate the hippocampus during the late delay period? Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-06-14 Scott D. Slotnick
ABSTRACT The aim of the present discussion paper was to identify whether any fMRI studies have provided convincing evidence that the hippocampus is associated with working memory. The key outcome variable was the phase in which hippocampal activity was observed: study, early delay, late delay, and/or test. During working memory tasks, long-term memory processes can operate during the study phase, early
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Changes in brain activity and connectivity as memories age Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-06-13 Francesco Gobbo, Rufus Mitchell-Heggs, Dorothy Tse
ABSTRACT The role of the hippocampus during memory consolidation is not fully understood, with human and animal experiments producing conflicting conclusions. In particular, human lesion studies tend to indicate that the hippocampus gradually becomes independent from memory over years, whilst animal studies suggest that this can happen over days. Tallman et al. (this issue) used fMRI to investigate
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In search of systems consolidation Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-06-04 Gordon Benedikt Feld, Martin Fungisai Gerchen
ABSTRACT Systems consolidation solves the stability-plasticity-dilemma and is a persuasive theory within the neuroscience of memory. The study by Tallman et al. (this issue) adds to the current literature showing that brain activity changes over time follow a power function in some neocortical areas but not in the hippocampus. In our comment, we suggest that a power function may, however, not be the
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Beyond the hippocampus: boundary conditions for cortical connectivity and activity over time Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-05-27 Jiongjiong Yang
ABSTRACT By including four different time intervals and controlling for behavioral confounds, Tallman et al. (this issue) found that brain connectivity of cortical regions with the vmPFC or with the hippocampus changed over time, although hippocampal activity did not change significantly. This study shed light on how memory is consolidated as it ages. Further studies could clarify the extent to which
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Inquiring the librarian about the location of memory Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-05-26 Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Johannes Graeff
ABSTRACT Where memories are stored in the brain is an age-old question in psychology and neuroscience alike. In particular, whether hippocampus-encoded memories are transferred to the cortex or remain hippocampus-dependent over time has not been definitely answered. New evidence from fMRI studies in humans suggest that while hippocampo-cortical connections lose weight during declarative memory consolidation
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Evidence for the standard model, multiple trace theory, or the unified theory? Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-05-23 Jason D. Runyan, Nathan W. Brooks
ABSTRACT There have been two dominating theories for memory consolidation: the standard model (SM) and multiple trace theory (MTT). Whereas lesion studies have largely indicated a waning role for the hippocampus in memory consolidation, and thus have supported SM, findings from neuroimaging studies have produced varying results. Tallman et al. (this issue) argue that this variability may result from
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The devil may be in the details: The need for contextually rich stimuli in memory consolidation research Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 Helena M. Gellersen, Jon S. Simons
ABSTRACT Systems consolidation theory (SCT) proposes that the hippocampus is not required for retrieval of remote memories. In this issue, Tallman and colleagues observe reduced hippocampal-cortical connectivity in recognition memory as a function of memory age, which they interpret as supportive of SCT. We suggest that research seeking to inform this debate would benefit from using perceptually rich
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Specifying ‘where’ and ‘what’ is critical for testing hippocampal contributions to memory retrieval Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-05-18 Adrian W. Gilmore, Sam Audrain, Alex Martin
ABSTRACT Tallman and colleagues’ review of consolidation studies found that the length of the delay between ‘recent’ and ‘remote’ events is an influential determinant of detecting temporally graded hippocampal activity. Here, we discuss two additional factors – separate analysis of distinct regions within the hippocampus and the use of overt recall methods – that should be considered when testing competing
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On the contribution of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the neural representation of past memories Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-05-17 Valerio Santangelo
ABSTRACT Tallman and colleagues (this issue) showed that memory consolidation of laboratory materials produces, even at short intervals, changes in cortical activity within a widespread network of brain regions. These changes, however, do not encompass a core memory region, namely the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Here, I discuss research showing that the neural activity of the vmPFC is sensitive
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Challenges facing fMRI studies of systems consolidation Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 Joseph R. Manns
ABSTRACT Tallman and colleagues (this issue) report fMRI findings in support of the classic view of memory consolidation over its main challenger, the multiple trace theory. The present commentary highlights some of the obstacles facing any fMRI study of memory consolidation and notes which challenges were tackled by Tallman and colleagues and which challenges might be insurmountable.
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These things take time: what is the role of the hippocampus in recognition memory over extended delays? Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 C. Brock Kirwan
ABSTRACT In a clever experimental design, Tallman, Clark, and Smith (this issue) tested the changes in fMRI activation and functional connectivity in the hippocampus and cortex as a function of memory age. They found that activation changed according to a power function (both increasing and decreasing) in several cortical regions but not within the hippocampus or medial temporal lobe (MTL). Further
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The contributions of eye gaze fixations and target-lure similarity to behavioral and fMRI indices of pattern separation and pattern completion Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Daniel K. Bjornn, Julie Van, C. Brock Kirwan
ABSTRACT Pattern separation and pattern completion are generally studied in humans using mnemonic discrimination tasks such as the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) where participants identify similar lures and repeated items from a series of images. Failures to correctly discriminate lures are thought to reflect a failure of pattern separation and a propensity toward pattern completion. Recent research
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Is loss avoidance differentially rewarding in adolescents versus adults? Differences in ventral striatum and anterior insula activation during the anticipation of potential monetary losses Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-20 Maria Bretzke, Nora C. Vetter, Gregor Kohls, Hannes Wahl, Veit Roessner, Michael M. Plichta, Judith Buse
ABSTRACT Avoiding loss is a crucial, adaptive guide to human behavior. While previous developmental research has primarily focused on gaining rewards, less attention has been paid to loss processing and its avoidance. In daily life, it is often unknown how likely an action will result in a loss, making the role of uncertainty in loss processing particularly important. By using functional magnetic resonance
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Sensitivity of the hippocampus to objective but not subjective episodic memory judgments Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-11 Preston P. Thakral, Sarah S. Yu, Michael D. Rugg
ABSTRACT We assessed whether neural activity in the hippocampus dissociates according to whether memory test items elicit a subjective sense of recollection or accurate retrieval of contextual information. We reanalyzed a previously acquired dataset from a study in which participants made both objective (source memory for spatial context) and subjective (Remember-Know) judgments for each test item
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Perceived stress and rejection associated with functional network strength during memory retrieval in adolescents Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Marisa M. Silveri, Jennifer T. Sneider, Julia E. Cohen-Gilbert, Emily N. Oot, Anna M. Seraikas, Eleanor M. Schuttenberg, Derek A. Hamilton, Helen Sabolek, Sion K. Harris, Lisa D. Nickerson
ABSTRACT The brain undergoes substantial structural and functional remodeling during adolescence, including alterations in memory-processing regions influenced by stress. This study evaluated brain activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during spatial memory performance using a virtual Morris water task (MWT) and examined the associations between default mode network (DMN) activation
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Stable decoding of working memory load through frequency bands Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Meyi Duleme, Stephane Perrey, Gerard Dray
ABSTRACT Numerous studies have shown that working memory modulates every frequency band’s power in the human brain. Yet, the question of how the highly distributed working memory adapts to external demands remains unresolved. Here, we explored frequency band modulations underlying working memory load, taking executive control under account. We hypothesized that synchronizations underlying various cognitive
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Human brain activity and functional connectivity as memories age from one hour to one month Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-01-24 Catherine W. Tallman, Robert E. Clark, Christine N. Smith
ABSTRACT Theories of memory consolidation suggest the role of brain regions and connectivity between brain regions change as memories age. Human lesion studies indicate memories become hippocampus-independent over years, whereas animal studies suggest this process occurs across relatively short intervals, from days to weeks. Human neuroimaging studies suggest that changes in hippocampal and cortical
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It’s time for sex in cognitive neuroscience Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Dylan S. Spets, Scott D. Slotnick
ABSTRACT In a discussion paper published in the special issue of Cognitive Neuroscience, Sex Differences in the Brain, we investigated whether certain experimental parameters contributed to findings in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of sex differences during long-term memory. Experimental parameters included: the number of participants, stimulus type(s), whether or not performance was
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Sex differences in the brain Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Scott D. Slotnick
ABSTRACT This special issue of Cognitive Neuroscience focuses on sex differences in the brain. Berchicci, Bianco, and Di Russo found ERP auditory cortex activity was larger in females than males during sound perception. Spets, Fritch, Thakral, & Slotnick reported greater fMRI activity during high- versus low-confidence spatial memory in males than females within the lateral prefrontal cortex and other
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Alpha oscillatory power decreases are associated with better memory for higher valued information Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-08-22 Nicole A. Forner-Phillips, Jessica E. Brown, Briana M. Silck, Robert S. Ross
ABSTRACT Items associated with high value are often better remembered. Value may increase attention toward item in context associations. Alpha oscillations (8–13 Hz) are thought to underlie attention and their observation may reveal the role attention plays in value-based memory. In the current study, EEG is used to record brain activity while participants (n = 30) completed a source recognition memory
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Selective directed forgetting is mediated by the lateral prefrontal cortex: Preliminary evidence with transcranial direct current stimulation Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 Juan J. Imbernón, Carmen Aguirre, Carlos J. Gómez-Ariza
ABSTRACT Recent research has shown that providing a cue to selectively forget one subset of previously learned facts may result in specific forgetting of this information. Behavioral evidence suggests that this selective directed forgetting effect relies on executive control and is a direct consequence of active, rather than passive, mechanisms. To date, however, no previous research has addressed
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Does adding beer to coffee enhance the activation of drinks? An ERP study of semantic category priming Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-07-07 Marcela Ovando-Tellez, Benjamin Rohaut, Nathalie George, Theophile Bieth, Laurent Hugueville, Yoan Ibrahim, Ophelie Courbet, Lionel Naccache, Richard Levy, Béatrice Garcin, Emmanuelle Volle
ABSTRACT Categorization – whether of objects, ideas, or events – is a cognitive process that is essential for human thinking, reasoning, and making sense of everyday experiences. Categorization abilities are typically measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) similarity subtest, which consists of naming the shared category of two items (e.g., ‘How are beer and coffee alike’). Previous
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Decoding the emotional valence of future thoughts Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-04-30 Aleea L. Devitt, Preston P. Thakral, Daniel L. Schacter
ABSTRACT Affective future thinking allows us to prepare for future outcomes, but we know little about neural representation of emotional future simulations. We used a multi-voxel pattern analysis to determine whether patterns of neural activity can reliably distinguish between positive and negative future simulations. Neural patterning in the anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortices
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Left-prefrontal alpha-dynamics predict executive working-memory functioning in elderly people Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 Oded Meiron, Elishai Ezra Tsur, Hagai Factor, Shoham Jacobsen, David Yoel Salomon, Nir Kraizler, Efraim Jaul
ABSTRACT Recent findings suggest that electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations in the theta and alpha frequency-bands reflect synchronized interregional neuronal activity and are considered to reflect cognitive-control, and executive working memory mechanisms in humans. Above the age of 50 years, hypothesized pronounced alterations in alpha and theta-band power at resting or across different WM-functioning
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Within-session repeated transcranial direct current stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex enhances spatial working memory Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 Rongjuan Zhu, Yangmei Luo, Ziyu Wang, Xuqun You
ABSTRACT Spatial working memory (SWM) is an essential cognitive ability that supports complex tasks, but its capacity is limited. Studies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have shown potential benefits for SWM performance. Recent studies have shown that repeated short applications of tDCS affected corticospinal excitability. Moreover, neuroimaging studies have indicated that the
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Sex differences in functional network dynamics observed using coactivation pattern analysis Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-03-18 Laura Murray, J. Michael Maurer, Alyssa L. Peechatka, Blaise B. Frederick, Roselinde H. Kaiser, Amy C. Janes
ABSTRACT Sex differences in the organization of large-scale resting-state brain networks have been identified using traditional static measures, which average functional connectivity over extended time periods. In contrast, emerging dynamic measures have the potential to define sex differences in network changes over time, providing additional understanding of neurobiological sex differences. To meet
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Sex/gender differences in the neural substrate of long-term memory Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-01-31 Nina de Lacy
ABSTRACT Sex/gender-related differences in neurocognitive task performance and their neural correlates have long been of substantial research interest. Spets & Slotnick’s robust study joins a growing body of evidence that significant sex/gender differences exist in long term memory and neurocognition more broadly. In addition to fundamental differences in the neural substrate, hormonal cycles, divergent
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It’s time to move past biases against sex differences research: Commentary on Spets and Slotnick Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Larry Cahill
ABSTRACT Neuroscience is uncovering sex influences at all levels of mammalian brain function at an accelerating rate. Unfortunately, persistent biases against the topic remain among some investigators. One is that sex influences are small and unreliable, despite the existence of no evidence supporting this general assertion. In this volume, Spets and Slotnick provide clear evidence for a consistent
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It’s time to move past biases against sex differences research: Commentary on Spets and Slotnick Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Larry Cahill
ABSTRACT Neuroscience is uncovering sex influences at all levels of mammalian brain function at an accelerating rate. Unfortunately, persistent biases against the topic remain among some investigators. One is that sex influences are small and unreliable, despite the existence of no evidence supporting this general assertion. In this volume, Spets and Slotnick provide clear evidence for a consistent
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Sex differences in the brain: More than just male or female Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Lisa Wiersch, Susanne Weis
ABSTRACT Sex differences in the brain are widely studied, but results are often inconsistent and it is assumed that many negative findings are not even being reported. The lack of consistent findings might be based on the highly questionable assumption of a clear-cut sexual dimorphism in brain structure and function, that underlies commonly used group comparisons between males and females. Without
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The effect of feedback valence and source on perception and metacognition: An fMRI investigation Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 George Zacharopoulos, Uri Hertz, Ryota Kanai, Bahador Bahrami
ABSTRACT Receiving feedback from our environment that informs us about the outcomes of our actions helps us assess our abilities (e.g., metacognition) and to flexibly adapt our behavior, consequently increasing our chances of success. However, a detailed examination of the effect of feedback on the brain activation during perceptual and confidence judgments as well as the interrelations between perceptual
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The value of research on sexual dimorphism in neuroimaging Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 Erin McGlade, Jadwiga Rogowska, Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
ABSTRACT Spets and Slotnick (in Press) applied activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis to examine sex differences in regional brain activation during long-term memory retrieval. Based on their analyses, each of the eight studies they analyzed showed greater activity for males than females during long-term memory retrieval. These results suggest that analyses of magnetic resonance imaging data