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Building a pediatric neurocritical care program: The role of the clinical pharmacist practitioner on clinical practice and education. A curriculum for neuropharmacology training Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Jon A. Cokley, Steven M. Lazar
Clinical pharmacists are a part of the integrated health care team and provide valuable input on medication management for patients with acute and chronic disease states. Using epilepsy as a model, pharmacist involvement in patient care has been associated with significant reductions in monthly seizure frequency. Given differences in etiology, pediatric patients with epilepsy are likely to have higher
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Multimodal neuromonitoring in the pediatric intensive care unit Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-03 Brian Appavu, James J. Riviello Jr.
Neuromonitoring is used to assess the central nervous system in the intensive care unit. The purpose of neuromonitoring is to detect neurologic deterioration and intervene to prevent irreversible nervous system dysfunction. Neuromonitoring starts with the standard neurologic examination, which may lag behind the pathophysiologic changes. Additional modalities including continuous electroencephalography
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Pediatric neuroinflammatory diseases in the intensive care unit Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Kristen S. Fisher, Anna Illner, Varun Kannan
Inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) include a wide spectrum of autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and paraneoplastic diseases. While many affected patients require acute hospital admission, a subset may present with severe neurological symptoms requiring intensive care unit (ICU) escalation due to disordered consciousness, respiratory failure, status epilepticus, intracranial hypertension
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Neurological Injury in Pediatric Heart Disease: A Review of Developmental and Acquired Risk Factors and Management Considerations Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Molly E. McGetrick, James J. Riviello
Medical and surgical advancements have improved survival in children with acquired and congenital heart disease (CHD), but the burden of neurological morbidity is high. Brain disorders associated with CHD include white matter injury, stroke, seizure, and neurodevelopmental delays. While genetics and disease-specific factors play a substantial role in early brain injury, therapeutic management of the
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Supporting parents while their child is receiving neurocritical care Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-21 Raquel Farias-Moeller, Nora Wong
The post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) concept whereby the ICU experience of the patient as well as their family can have long-term deleterious health outcomes in both the patient and the family provides a rationale and impetus for modifying the ICU experience for the parents of patients receiving pediatric neurocritical care. This article uses the PICS framework to provide insight to that parental
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Disorders of Sleep in Children: Current Concepts Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-22 Thomas J. Dye
Abstract not available
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Sleep in pediatric neuromuscular disorders Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 John E Pascoe, Alexander Zygmunt, Zarmina Ehsan, Neepa Gurbani
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is prevalent among children with neuromuscular disorders (NMD). The combination of respiratory muscle weakness, altered drive, and chest wall distortion due to scoliosis make sleep a stressful state in this population. Symptomatology can range from absent to snoring, nocturnal awakenings, morning headaches, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Sequelae of untreated SDB
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Sleep and Circadian Disturbances in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Sharon Tamir, Thomas J. Dye, Rochelle M. Witt
Sleep problems are highly prevalent in those with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). We propose this is secondary to multiple factors that directly and indirectly negatively impact sleep and circadian processes in those with NDDs, which in turn, further perturbs development, resulting in a “developmental and sleep/circadian-related encephalopathy.” In this review, we discuss select NDDs with known
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Current Considerations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders in Children Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Rochelle M. Witt, Kelly C. Byars, Kristina Decker, Thomas J. Dye, Jessica M. Riley, Danielle Simmons, David F. Smith
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders (CRSWDs) are important sleep disorders whose unifying feature is a mismatch between the preferred or required times for sleep and wakefulness and the endogenous circadian drives for these. Their etiology, presentation, and treatment can be different in pediatric patients as compared to adults. Evaluation of these disorders must be performed while viewed through
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Clinical Evaluation and Management of Narcolepsy in Children and Adolescents Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Thomas J. Dye
While sleepiness is common among children, and particularly adolescents, profound sleepiness in the setting of apparently adequate sleep should prompt consideration of a central disorder of hypersomnolence. These disorders, which include narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, Kleine-Levin syndrome, and others, are likely underrecognized in the pediatric population. Narcolepsy in particular should be of
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Expanding Knowledge of the Causes of Childhood Chorea Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-24 HM Kern, JL Waugh
Inherited and Acquired Choreas Paolo Claudio M. de Gusmao, Jeff L. Waugh Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 25, April 2018, Pages 42–53 Chorea is a symptom of a broad array of genetic, structural, and metabolic disorders. While chorea can result from systemic illness and damage to diverse brain structures, injury to the basal ganglia, especially the putamen or globus pallidus, appears to be a uniting
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Sleep and Epilepsy Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-24 Wei K. Liu, Sanjeev Kothare, Sejal Jain
The relationship between sleep and epilepsy is both intimate and bidirectional. The molecular mechanisms which control circadian rhythm and the sleep/wake cycle are dysregulated in epileptogenic tissue and are themselves effected by molecular pathways for epilepsy. Sleep affects the frequency of interictal epileptiform discharges and recent research has raised new questions regarding the impact of
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Sleep Disorders and Chronic Pain Syndromes in the Pediatric Population Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Ann Oh, Angelina Koehler, Marcy Yonker, Matthew Troester
Sleep problems are widespread in children and adolescents suffering from chronic pain disorders. Sleep loss intensifies the experience of pain and is detrimental to the budding self-efficacy of a young individual with limitless horizons. Addressing sleep disorders may prevent the chronification of pain and prevent adverse health outcomes, such as functional impairment, psychiatric comorbidities and
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Updated Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in TSC Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Paolo Curatolo, Marina Trivisano, Nicola Specchio
Genotype/Phenotype Correlations in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Paolo Curatolo MD, Romina Moavero MD, Denis Roberto, Federica Graziola Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 22, Issue 4, December 2015, Pages 259–273 Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of widespread hamartomatous lesions in various organs, including brain, skin, kidneys,
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Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine–Levin Syndrome: Primary Disorders of Hypersomnolence Beyond Narcolepsy Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Thomas J. Dye
Daytime sleepiness is common amongst children and adolescents. Inadequate sleep duration, inappropriate school start times, and the delay in sleep phase of adolescence may all contribute. Nocturnal sleep disruption due to sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder may also lead to daytime sleepiness. Profound sleepiness however, when occurring
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Reflections and Updates of Contemporary High-Impact Reviews From Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 John R. Mytinger
Abstract not available
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Epilepsy Impacts Families and Communities: Persistent Gaps and Inequities Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Adam P. Ostendorf
Effect of Epilepsy on Families, Communities, and Society Adam P. Ostendorf , Satyanarayana Gedela Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 24, Issue 4, November 2017, Pages 340–347 The effect of epilepsy extends beyond those with the diagnosis and impacts families, communities and society. Caregiver and sibling quality of life is often negatively affected by frequent seizures, comorbid behavioral and
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Commentary on the Paper “Effect of Seizures on the Developing Brain and Cognition” Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Gregory L. Holmes
Effect of Seizures on the Developing Brain and Cognition Gregory L. Holmes Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 23, Issue 2, May 2016, Pages 120–126 Epilepsy is a complex disorder, which involves much more than seizures, encompassing a range of associated comorbid health conditions that can have significant health and quality-of-life implications. Of these comorbidities, cognitive impairment is one
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Contemporary Understanding of the Central Autonomic Nervous System in Fetal-Neonatal Transition Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-09 Sarah B. Mulkey
The Critical Role of the Central Autonomic Nervous System in Fetal-Neonatal Transition Sarah B. Mulkey, Adre dú Plessis Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 28, December 2018, Pages 29–37 The objective of this article is to understand the complex role of the central autonomic nervous system in normal and complicated fetal-neonatal transition and how autonomic nervous system dysfunction can lead to
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If the Patient Does Not Take the Medication, It Will Not Work Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Iván Sánchez Fernández, Adriana Ulate-Campos
Cognitive and Behavioral Comorbidities: An Unwanted Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs in Children Adriana Ulate-Campos, Iván Sánchez Fernández Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 24, Issue 4, November 2017, Pages 320–330 Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders and, despite optimally chosen and dosed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), approximately 20%-30% of patients will continue to have
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Measles Virus and the Central Nervous System: An Update Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Daniel J. Bonthius
Measles Virus and Associated Central Nervous System Sequelae Renee Buchanan, Daniel J. Bonthius Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 19, Issue 3, September 2012, Pages 107–114 Worldwide, measles remains one of the most deadly vaccine-preventable diseases. In the United States, enrollment in the public schools requires that each child receives 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine before entry, essentially
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Sleep in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Kanwaljit Singh, Andrew W. Zimmerman
Sleep in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Kanwaljit Singh, Andrew W. Zimmerman Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 22, Issue 2, June 2015, Pages 113–125 Sleep problems are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sleep problems in these disorders may not only worsen daytime behaviors and core symptoms of ASD
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Pediatric Intensive Care Unit related Sleep and Circadian Dysregulation: a focused review Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Amanda B. Hassinger, Syeda Afzal, Maya Rauth, Ryan K. Breuer
The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is bright, loud, and disruptive to children. Strategies to improve the sleep of adults in the ICU have improved delirium and mortality rates. Children need more sleep than adults for active growth, healing, and development when well; this is likely true when they are critically ill. This review was performed to describe what we know in this area to date with
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Commentary on “Brain Injury During Transition in the Newborn With Congenital Heart Disease: Hazards of the Preoperative Period” Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-15 Jennifer M. Lynch, J. William Gaynor, Daniel J. Licht
Brain Injury During Transition in the Newborn With Congenital Heart Disease: Hazards of the Preoperative Period Jennifer M. Lynch, J. William Gaynor, Daniel J. Licht Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 28, December 2018, Pages 60–65 Infants born with critical congenital heart disease are at risk for neurodevelopmental morbidities later in life. In-utero differences in fetal circulation lead to vulnerabilities
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Commentary: Pediatric Pain Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-15 Michela Carter, Renee CB Manworren, Jennifer N Stinson
Pediatric Pain Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation Renee C.B. Manworren, Jennifer Stinson Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 23, Issue 3, August 2016, Pages 189–200 Assessment provides the foundation for diagnosis, selection of treatments, and evaluation of treatment effectiveness for pediatric patients with acute, recurrent, and chronic pain. Extensive research has resulted in the availability
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Comment: Amenable Treatable Severe Pediatric Epilepsies Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-06 Phillip L. Pearl
Amenable Treatable Severe Pediatric Epilepsies Phillip L. Pearl Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 23, Issue 2, May 2016, Pages 158–166 Vitamin-dependent epilepsies and multiple metabolic epilepsies are amenable to treatment that markedly improves the disease course. Knowledge of these amenably treatable severe pediatric epilepsies allows for early identification, testing, and treatment. These
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An Update of Our Understanding of Fetal Heart Rate Patterns in Health and Disease Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-06 Christopher A. Lear, Austin Ugwumadu, Laura Bennet, Alistair J. Gunn
Understanding Fetal Heart Rate Patterns That May Predict Antenatal and Intrapartum Neural Injury Christopher A. Lear, Jenny A. Westgate, Austin Ugwumadu, Jan G. Nijhuis, Peter R. Stone, Antoniya Georgieva, Tomoaki Ikeda, Guido Wassink , Laura Bennet , Alistair J. Gunn Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 28, December 2018, Pages 3–16 Electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is widely used to
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Commentary: Profiling Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) Using Multiple Methods of Assessment to Aid in Differential Diagnosis Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Amanda H. Lueck, Sylvie Chokron, Gordon N. Dutton
Profiling Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment Using Multiple Methods of Assessment to Aid in Differential Diagnosis Amanda H. Lueck , Gordon N. Dutton , Sylvie Chokron Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 31, October 2019, Pages 5–14 Cerebral (cortical) visual impairment (CVI), the primary cause of visual impairment in chil dren in high-income countries, is increasing globally due to improved
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Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculous Meningitis in Children- an Update Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Ronald van Toorn, Regan Solomons
Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculous Meningitis in Children Ronald van Toorn, Regan Solomons Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 21, Issue 1, March 2014, Pages 12–18 Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most devastating manifestation of tuberculosis, is often missed or overlooked because of nonspecific symptoms and difficulties in diagnosis. It continues to be an important cause of
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Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) Associated Diseases: Updates in Pediatric Practice Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-13 Mellad M. Khoshnood, Jonathan D. Santoro
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a membrane bound protein found on the surface of oligodendrocyte cells and the outermost surface of myelin sheaths. MOG is posited to play a role as a cell surface receptor or cell adhesion molecule, though there is no definitive answer to its exact function at this time. In the last few decades, there has been a recognition of anti-MOG-antibodies (MOG-Abs)
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Radiologically Isolated Syndrome and the Multiple Sclerosis Prodrome in Pediatrics: Early Features of the Spectrum of Demyelination Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-12 Aaron Bower, Naila Makhani
Radiologically isolated syndrome refers to the clinical scenario in which individuals have imaging concerning for multiple sclerosis and would otherwise satisfy radiographic dissemination in space criteria, but do not have any attributable signs or symptoms. Radiologically isolated syndrome has been increasingly recognized in the pediatric population and it is understood certain individuals will transition
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Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Alexandra B Kornbluh, Ilana Kahn
The current diagnostic criteria for pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) are summarized, as well as the evidence for performance of the most recent iteration of McDonald criteria in the pediatric population. Next, the varied roles of MRI in POMS are reviewed, including diagnostic considerations and research-based utilization. The primary role of bloodwork and cerebrospinal fluid studies in the
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COVID-19 and the Pandemic-Related Aspects in Pediatric Demyelinating Disorders Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Grace Gombolay, Jamika Hallman-Cooper
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection, has been associated with several neurological symptoms, including acute demyelinating syndromes (ADS). There is a growing body of literature discussing COVID-19 and demyelinating conditions in adults; however, there is less published about COVID-19 demyelinating conditions in the pediatric
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The Evolving Spectrum of Inflammatory Demyelination of the Central Nervous System in Children Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-09 J. Nicholas Brenton
Abstract not available
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Transition of Care to Adult Neuroimmunology Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Sona Narula
A structured health care transition is essential for adolescents with chronic disease to ensure continuity of care without treatment lapse. Though rare, multiple sclerosis is diagnosed in children and adolescents and these patients will eventually require transition to adult care in late adolescence and early adulthood. Some barriers to transition include limited independence of the adolescent, fear
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Pediatric Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Kelsey Poisson, Karen Moeller, Kristen S Fisher
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a demyelinating disease with a high relapse rate and risk of disability accrual. The condition is an astrocytopathy, with antibodies to the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel being detected in AQP4-IgG seropositive disease. Presentation is uncommon in the pediatric age range, accounting for about 3%-5% of cases. NMOSD is more prevalent in populations
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Environmental Influences on Risk and Disease Course in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Darina Dinov, J. Nicholas Brenton
Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) accounts for 3%-10% of all patients diagnosed with MS. Complex interplay between environmental factors impacts the risk for MS and may also affect disease course. Many of these environmental factors are shared with adult-onset MS. However, children with MS are in closer temporal proximity to the biological onset of MS and have less confounding environmental exposures
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Monophasic Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes of the Central Nervous System in Children Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Duriel Hardy
Acquired demyelinating syndromes of the central nervous system are immune-mediated demyelinating disorders that can affect the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord. These disorders have become increasingly recognized in children due to advances in imaging techniques, improvements in diagnostic testing, extensive research into understanding the pathophysiology underlying these disorders, and collaborative
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A Focused Review of Long-Stay Patients and the Ethical Imperative to Provide Inpatient Continuity Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Jeffrey D. Edwards
Long-stay patients are an impactful, vulnerable, growing group of inpatients in today's (and tomorrow's) tertiary hospitals. They can outlast dozens of clinicians that necessarily rotate on and off clinical service. Yet, care from such rotating clinicians can result in fragmented care due to a lack of continuity that insufficiently meets the needs of these patients and their families. Using long-stay
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Ethical Considerations of Genome Sequencing for Pediatric Patients Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Michelle M Sergi, Melissa C Keinath, Jonathan Fanaroff, Kathryn E Miller
Advancements in genetic testing in the healthcare setting, most recently genomic sequencing, has enhanced our ability to diagnose genetic conditions. These advances include increased accessibility and affordability of genomic technologies. With expanded use comes the potential for significant ethical challenges for clinicians, particularly considering the implications of testing a child for one condition
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Pediatric Neuroethics: Current Controversies with Timeless Reasoning Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Pedro Weisleder
Abstract not available
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The White Coat Cape: An Ethical Analysis of Emerging Therapies to Treat Spinal Muscular Atrophy Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Jane A. Hartsock
The recent emergence of promising therapies to treat neuromuscular diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy raises important questions regarding the ethical permissibility of allowing a parent to refuse these Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. The 3 most recent drugs targeting spinal muscular atrophy have all been approved since 2019, lack long-term data regarding potential side-effects and
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Solid Organ Transplantation for Children With Neurodevelopmental Disabilities—Ethical Considerations and a Call for Clarity Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-22 Kyla M. Tolliver, John J. Parent, Michael J. Hobson
Pediatric transplant centers are faced with the difficult task of maximizing the benefit of organs donated for transplantation while also ensuring that all patients undergoing transplant evaluation are fairly considered for this life-saving therapy. Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities are a complex patient population that on occasion may face the need for a solid organ transplant. Several
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To Treat or Not to Treat: Ethics of Management of Refractory Status Myoclonus Following Pediatric Anoxic Brain Injury Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 Alyson K. Baker, Jennifer L. Griffith
The development of status myoclonus (SM) in a postcardiac arrest patient has historically been thought of as indicative of not only a poor neurologic outcome but of neurologic devastation. In many instances, this may lead clinicians to initiate conversations about withdrawal of life sustaining therapies (WLST) regardless of the time from return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Recent studies showing
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The Shifting Landscape of Death by Neurologic Criteria in Pediatrics: Current Controversies and Persistent Questions Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 Rebecca F.P. Long, Jenny Kingsley, Sabrina F. Derrington
Since the concept of death by neurologic criteria (DNC) or “brain death” was articulated by the Harvard Ad Hoc Committee in 1968, efforts to establish and uphold DNC as equivalent to biologic death have been supported through federal and state legislation, professional guidelines, and hospital policies. Despite these endeavors, DNC remains controversial among bioethics scholars and clinicians and is
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Decision-Making and Ethical Considerations of Tracheostomy and Chronic Mechanical Ventilation in Children With Acute Neurological Injury Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Matthew L. Friedman, Andrew L. Beardsley
The decisions around whether or not to provide tracheostomy and chronic mechanical ventilation to children with acute neurologic injury are difficult for medical providers and surrogate decision makers. Consideration of the 4 primary principles of medical ethics–autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice–can provide a framework from which constructive discussions can form. Determination of
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Exploring Ethical Dimensions of Physician Involvement in Requests for Organ Donation in Pediatric Brain Death Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-12-24 Brian Leland, Lucia Wocial
Pediatric organ transplantation remains a life-saving therapy, with donated organs being absolutely scarce resources. Efforts to both increase pediatric organ donation authorization by families of children declared dead by neurologic criteria and mitigate perception of conflicts of interest have resulted in frequent exclusion of physicians from this process. This article provides of focused review
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Disability or Death: A Focused Review of Informed Consent in Pediatric Neurosurgery Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-12-22 Nathan A. Shlobin, John Paul G. Kolcun, Brian D. Leland, Laurie L. Ackerman, Sandi K. Lam, Jeffrey S. Raskin
The management of pediatric neurosurgical disease often requires families to choose between long-term disability and premature death. This decision-making is codified by informed consent. In practice, decision-making is heavily weighted toward intervening to prevent death, often with less consideration of the realities of long-term disability. We analyze long-term disability in pediatric neurosurgical
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Pediatric Stroke: Recognizing the Once Imperceptible Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-28 E. Steve Roach
Abstract not available
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Hemostatic and Thrombotic Considerations in the Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-10-04 Riten Kumar, Lisa R. Sun, Vilmarie Rodriguez, Amanda Sankar, Mukta Sharma, Avner Meoded, Leonardo R. Brandão, Neil A. Goldenberg
Although rare in children, arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with increased mortality and neurological morbidity. The incidence of AIS after the neonatal period is approximately 1-2/100,000/year, with an estimated mortality of 3-7%. A significant proportion of children surviving AIS experience life-long neurological deficits including hemiparesis, epilepsy, and cognitive delays. The low
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Cerebral Arteriopathies of Childhood – Current Approaches Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-09-30 Daniel Davila-Williams, Megan Barry, Carolina Vargas, Arastoo Vossough, Timothy J. Bernard, Mubeen F. Rafay
Up to more than half of previously healthy children presenting with their first arterial ischemic stroke have a cerebral arteriopathy. Cerebral arteriopathies during childhood can be congenital, reflecting abnormal vessel development, or acquired when caused by disruption of vascular homeostasis. Distinguishing different types of cerebral arteriopathies in children can be challenging but of great clinical
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The Genetic Landscape of Ischemic Stroke in Children - Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-09-23 Moran Hausman-Kedem, Rachelle Herring, Marcela D Torres, Jonathan D. Santoro, Matsanga Leyila Kaseka, Carolina Vargas, Giulia Amico, Marta Bertamino, Deepti Nagesh, Jo Tilley, Allyson Schenk, Shay Ben-Shachar, Patricia L. Musolino
Stroke in childhood has multiple etiologies, which are mostly distinct from those in adults. Genetic discoveries over the last decade pointed to monogenic disorders as a rare but significant cause of ischemic stroke in children and young adults, including small vessel and arterial ischemic stroke. These discoveries contributed to the understanding that stroke in children may be a sign of an underlying
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Rehabilitation in Pediatric Stroke: Cognition and Behavior Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Christine Mrakotsky, Tricia S. Williams, Kevin A. Shapiro, Robyn Westmacott
Pediatric stroke is associated with a range of maladaptive cognitive and behavioral outcomes that often require targeted intervention. Despite increasing research on neuropsychological outcomes over the past decade, evidence for effective therapies and interventions for the most commonly reported cognitive and behavioral challenges is still limited. The most widely prescribed interventions address
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Management of Pediatric Stroke - Challenges and Perspectives from Resource-limited Settings Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Alvin Pumelele Ndondo, Charles K. Hammond
Childhood stroke is not as common as adult stroke, but it is underrecognized the world over. Diagnosis is often delayed due to lack of awareness not only by the lay public but also by emergency and front-line health care workers. Despite the relative rarity of childhood stroke, the impact on morbidity, mortality and the economic burden for families and society is high, especially in poorly resourced
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Closing the Gap in Pediatric Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Systematic Review Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Samyami S. Chowdhury, Alfred P. See, Lars P. Eriksson, Gregoire Boulouis, Laura L. Lehman, Dana B. Hararr, Veda Zabih, Nomazulu Dlamini, Christine Fox, Michaela Waak
Pediatric hemorrhagic stroke (HS) accounts for a large proportion of childhood strokes, 1 of the top 10 causes of pediatric deaths. Morbidity and mortality lead to significant socio-economic and psychosocial burdens. To understand published data on recognizing and managing children with HS, we conducted a systematic review of the literature presented here. We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and the
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Diagnosis of Pediatric Stroke in Resource Limited Settings Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-09-16 Marilyn A. Tan, Elbert John V. Layug, Bhanu Pratap Singh, Manish Parakh
Global awareness of stroke as a significant cause of neurologic sequelae and death in children has increased over the years as more data in this field becomes available. However, most published literature on pediatric stroke have limited geographic representation. Data on childhood stroke from developing countries remains limited. Thus, this paper reviewed geographic/ethnic differences in pediatric
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Rehabilitation for Pediatric Stroke in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Focused Review Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-09-16 Anastasia Raquel Martinez, Melissa Turpin, Kelly McGloon, Patricia Coker-Bolt
Rehabilitation for pediatric stroke survivors can maximize a child's potential through each developmental stage of life. Timely diagnosis and referral to a rehabilitation specialist may harness opportunities to maximize brain plasticity, to help children adapt and learn, and to participate in and enjoy daily life to their capability. The aim of this focused review is to explore current rehabilitation
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Pediatric Moyamoya Biomarkers: Narrowing the Knowledge Gap Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-09-15 Laura L. Lehman, Matsanga Leyila Kaseka, Jeffery Stout, Alfred P. See, Lisa Pabst, Lisa R. Sun, Sahar A. Hassanein, Michaela Waak, Arastoo Vossough, Edward R. Smith, Nomazulu Dlamini
Moyamoya is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder that leads to stenosis of the arteries in the distal internal carotid, proximal middle cerebral and proximal anterior cerebral arteries of the circle of Willis. Typically a network of collaterals form to bypass the stenosis and maintain cerebral blood flow. As moyamoya progresses it affects the anterior circulation more commonly than posterior circulation
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The Role of Infection and Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2022-09-10 Marie-Coralie Cornet, Charles Grose, Zinaida Vexler, Yvonne W. Wu, Heather J. Fullerton
Infections play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in neonates and children. In neonates, chorioamnionitis or intrauterine inflammation has been implicated as a common risk factor for AIS. In infants and children, recent investigations demonstrated that even minor childhood infections are associated with subsequent increased risk for AIS. Post-infectious inflammatory