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Virtual reality applications in pediatric surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Daniel J. Robertson, Zachary T. Abramson, Andrew M. Davidoff, Matthew T. Bramlet
Virtual reality modeling (VRM) is a 3-dimensional (3D) simulation. It is a powerful tool and has multiple uses and applications in pediatric surgery. Patient-specific 2-dimensional imaging can be used to generate a virtual reality model, which can improve anatomical perception and understanding, and can aid in preoperative planning for complex operations. VRM can also be used for realistic training
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Diaphragmatic pacing for respiratory failure in children Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Daniel J. Robertson, Paul M. Jeziorczak, Charles J. Aprahamian
Diaphragm pacing is a ventilation strategy in respiratory failure. Most of the literature on pacing involves adults with common indications being spinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Previous reports in pediatric patients consist of case reports or small series; most describe direct phrenic nerve stimulation for central hypoventilation syndrome. This differs from adult reports
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Applications for ultrasound in pediatric surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Kevin N. Johnson, Jonathan Vacek, Stewart Carter
Ultrasound (US) use within pediatric surgery is expanding rapidly. While US guidance for central line placement has been common practice for many years now, advances in the quality of images, portability of US machines, and a lack of radiation associated with imaging has led to broader application in many other aspects of surgery, ranging from diagnostics to performing operations under the direction
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Non-surgical approaches to the management of chest wall deformities Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Jacky Z Kwong, Brian CH Gulack
Chest wall deformities in children encompass a broad spectrum of disorders but pectus excavatum and carinatum are by far the most common. Treatment varies substantially by center, and depends on patient symptoms, severity of disease, and surgeon preference. Historically, surgical approaches were the mainstay of treatment for these disease processes but new advances in non-surgical approaches have demonstrated
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Intercostal spinal nerve cryoablation for analgesia following pectus excavatum repair Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Mallory N. Perez, Anthony Ferrantella, Kevin N. Johnson, Seth D. Goldstein
Pectus excavatum is a common chest wall deformity, most often treated during adolescence, that presents a significant postoperative pain control challenge for pediatric surgeons following surgical correction. The purpose of this article is to review the technique and outcomes of intercostal spinal nerve cryoablation for postoperative analgesia following surgical correction of pectus excavatum. Contemporary
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Artificial intelligence in pediatric surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Anthony Y. Tsai, Stewart R. Carter, Alicia C. Greene
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the landscape of medicine and is already being utilized in conjunction with medical diagnostics and imaging analysis. We hereby explore AI applications in surgery and examine its relevance to pediatric surgery, covering its evolution, current state, and promising future. The various fields of AI are explored including machine learning and applications
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Framework for pediatric robotic surgery program development Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Chirag Ram, J. Benjamin Pitt, Marshall W. Wallace, Seth D. Goldstein, Irving J. Zamora
Pediatric robotic surgery has seen increasing implementation for its many benefits over the past two decades. As more pediatric surgeons gain exposure to robotic surgery, the interest in utilizing this technology is growing. However, there are no guidelines or existing framework for developing pediatric general surgery robotic programs. Programmatic development can be challenging, requiring institutional
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Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence-enhanced applications in pediatric surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 John Sincavage, Brian C. Gulack, Irving J. Zamora
The breadth of pediatric surgical practice and variety of anatomic anomalies that characterize surgical disease in children and neonates require a unique level of operative mastery and versatility. Intraoperative navigation of small, complex, and often abnormal anatomy presents a particular challenge for pediatric surgeons. Clinical experience with fluorescent tissue dye, specifically indocyanine green
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Preface Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Bethany J Slater
Abstract not available
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Use of magnets in pediatric surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Norah E. Liang, Saunders Lin, Bethany J. Slater, Matias Bruzoni
Since the 1970s, magnets have been progressively harnessed for use in minimally invasive treatment of pediatric surgical disease. In particular, multiple magnetic devices have been developed for treating esophageal atresia, pectus excavatum and scoliosis. These devices, which can be placed via small incisions or under endoscopic or fluoroscopic guidance, provide the added benefit of sparing patients
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3D printing in pediatric surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Anthony Y. Tsai, Alicia C. Greene
Pediatric surgery presents a unique challenge, requiring a specialized approach due to the intricacies of compact anatomy and the presence of distinct congenital features in young patients. Surgeons are tasked with making decisions that not only address immediate concerns but also consider the evolving needs of children as they grow. The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a valuable
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Global children's surgery- A 2023 perspective Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Tahmina Banu, Doruk Ozgediz, Shilpa Sharma
Abstract not available
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A roadmap for starting, growing and sustaining a comprehensive pediatric surgery service in a low resource area Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Gerlin Naidoo, Godfrey Sama Philipo, Zaitun Bokhary, Kokila Lakhoo
The Tanzania-Oxford Children's Surgery Partnership is a longstanding capacity building and research collaboration. Over a 21-year period, this non-hierarchical partnership has worked to develop from service delivery to children surgical system strengthening in Tanzania. This has directly impacted the children's surgery and workforce by increasing the number of pediatric surgeons in the country and
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Barriers and challenges to achieving equity in global children's surgery: A call to action Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Maryam Sherwani, Simone Abib, Lubna Samad
Challenges: • 1.7 billion children are deprived of surgical care due to economic, political and social factors that lead to inequitable healthcare. • 90% of children live in LMICs where surgical ecosystems often have deficient children-specific infrastructure and health providers • Nearly half the population in LMICs lives in rural areas, however most surgical facilities are concentrated in urban centers
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Critical Elements of Pediatric Neuroblastoma Surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Shahab A. Shaffiey, Hau D. Le, Emily Christison-Lagay, Elizabeth A. Fialkowski, Jennifer H. Aldrink, Christa N. Grant, Joshua N. Honeyman, Kevin C. Janek, Mary Beth Madonna, Daniel S. Rhee, Jed G. Nuchtern, Erika A. Newman, Michael P. LaQuaglia, Andrew M. Davidoff, Robert C. Shamberger, Marcus M. Malek
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Children's Anaesthesia and perioperative care challenges, and innovations Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Z. Gathuya, M.T. Nabukenya, O. Aaron, R. Gray, F.M. Evans
The 2015 Sustainable Development Goals emphasise good health to all with reduced inequalities, and surgical and anaesthesia care is essential to achieve these. https://sdgs.un.org/goals. However, it has been estimated that 1.7 billion children do not have access to safe anaesthesia and surgery when needed and this disproportionately affects children in low- and middle-income countries (1). It is alarming
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Global children's surgery: Economic and policy priorities Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Justina Onyioza Seyi-Olajide, Isaac Chukwu
An estimated two-thirds of the world's children and adolescents, most of whom live in low- and middle- income countries lack access to safe, quality, and timely surgical care. While much efforts have been made in the last decade to advocate for children’ surgery, several economic and policy gaps remain, hampering progress and investments. These gaps range from lack of adequate data on costs and cost-effectiveness
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The Global Challenges of Surgical Congenital Anomalies: Evidence, Models, and Lessons Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-19 Salimah R Walani, Norgrove Penny, Doreen Nakku
The treatment of congenital anomalies (structural birth defects) is common to all the surgical sub-specialties dealing with children. Globally more than 90% of all babies born with a congenital anomaly are born in middle-and-low-income countries where there is often limited access to needed surgical care. Challenges include lacks of early identification, registry and surveillance systems, referral
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Critical Elements of Pediatric Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Amanda F. Saltzman, Patrick Hensley, Jonathan Ross, Lynn Woo, Deborah Billmire, Frederick Rescorla, Dhruv Puri, Sunil Patel, Phillip Pierorazio, Aditya Bagrodia, Clint Cary, Nicholas G. Cost
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Critical Elements in the Operative Management of Pediatric Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Brent R. Weil, Barrie S. Rich, Arin L. Madenci, Kathryn C. Stambough, Nicholas Schmoke, Alyssa Peace, Jennifer L. Bruny, Frederick J. Rescorla, Bryan J. Dicken, Jennifer E. Dietrich, Deborah F. Billmire
Abstract not available
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Operative Standards for Pediatric Cancer Surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Roshni Dasgupta, John Doski, Kenneth W Gow
Abstract not available
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Radical Nephroureterectomy for Pediatric Unilateral Renal Tumor Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Jennifer H. Aldrink, Rodrigo Romao, Peter F. Ehrlich, Elisabeth Tracy, Kathleen Kieran, Andrew Davidoff, Richard Glick, Marcus Malek, Justin Huntington, Amanda F. Saltzman, Nicholas G. Cost, Robert C. Shamberger
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The role of civil society and the voluntary sector in children's global surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-19 Leigh Selesner, Marilyn W. Butler
An unacceptable inequity exists in the burden of pediatric surgical disease and access to surgical and anesthesia care between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC). Civil society organizations (CSOs) and the voluntary sector have been integral in addressing this imbalance. This article summarizes the roles that these organizations have played in improving pediatric
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“Anatomy and Lessons of Partnerships in global pediatric surgery” Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Rovine Naluyimbazi, Stella Nimanya, Phyllis Kisa
Partnerships in Global Surgery have evolved over several decades and continue to do so based on reports from different experiences and collaborations. These should be characterised by their objectives, leadership and “championship,” communication, ethics and equity. Partnerships take the form of academic collaborations or clinical support whose details vary with the different stakeholders involved
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Trauma and sexual abuse in children—Epidemiology, challenges, management strategies and prevention in lower- and middle-income countries Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Abdelbasit E Ali, Shilpa Sharma, Olumide A Elebute, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Noxolo Z. Mashavave, Milind Chitnis, Simone Abib, Fazal Nouman Wahid
Trauma is rising as a cause of morbidity and mortality in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This article describes the Epidemiology, Challenges, Management strategies and prevention of pediatric trauma in lower- and middle-income countries. The top five etiologies for non-intentional injuries leading to death are falls, road traffic injuries, burns, drowning and poisoning. The mortality rate
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Addressing health equity in pediatric surgical care in the United States– Progress and challenges Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Stephen Trinidad, Matthew Goldshore, Meera Kotagal
There are notable inequities in health outcomes for children based on their social determinants of health (SDOH), including where they are born and live, their primary language, their race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and more. These health inequities are not restricted to resource limited settings; here we highlight three broad topics that are relevant to pediatric surgeons in the United States
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Anorectal malformations in low and middle-income countries- spectrum, burden and management Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Shilpa Sharma, Dennis Mazingi, Md Sharif Imam, Tanvir Kabir Chowdhury, Lily J. Saldaña, Noxolo Z Mashavave, Maricarmen Olivos, Md. Tameem Shafayat Chowdhury, Mozammel Hoque, Catalina Correa, Tahmina Banu
The clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of anorectal malformation has been well described in the literature, however the experience with these conditions in low-and middle-income countries is often shaped in unique ways due to the social, cultural and economic factors at work in these regions. This leads to adaptation of modifications in management options for these babies that usually
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Gaps and priorities in innovation for children's surgery Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Tamara N Fitzgerald, Alan Zambeli-Ljepović, Bolusefe T. Olatunji, Abdullah Saleh, Emmanuel A. Ameh
Lack of access to pediatric medical devices and innovative technology contributes to global disparities in children's surgical care. There are currently many barriers that prevent access to these technologies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Technologies that were designed for the needs of high-income countries (HICs) may not fit the resources available in LMICs. Likewise, obtaining these
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Pediatric venoarterial and venovenous ECMO Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Tiffany Zens, Brielle Ochoa, R Scott Eldredge, Mark Molitor
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an invaluable resource in the treatment of critically ill children with cardiopulmonary failure. To date, over 36,000 children have been placed on ECMO and the utilization of this life saving treatment continues to expand with advances in ECMO technology. This article offers a review of pediatric ECMO including modes and sites of ECMO cannulation, indications
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Extracorporeal life support in neonates and children: Innovations, controversies, and promise Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Brian W. Gray, George B. Mychaliska
Abstract not available
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Managing the kidney – The role of continuous renal replacement therapy in neonatal and pediatric ECMO Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Abhinav Totapally, Brian C Bridges, David T Selewski, Elizabeth E Zivick
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents a lifesaving therapy utilized in in the most critically ill neonates and children with reversible cardiopulmonary failure. As a result of the severity of their critical illness these patients are among the highest risk populations for developing acute kidney injury (AKI) and disorders of fluid balance including the pathologic state of fluid overload
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Advances in pulmonary management and weaning from ECLS Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Keith A. Thatch, David W. Kays
ECMO for neonatal and pediatric respiratory failure provides gas exchange to allow lung recovery from reversible pulmonary ailments. This is a comprehensive discussion on the various strategies and advances utilized by pediatric ECLS specialists today. ECMO patients require continual monitoring, serial gasses and radiographs, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS - to monitor oxygen delivery to regional
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Systemic Anticoagulation in ECMO Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-21 Shannon M Larabee, Laura E Hollinger, Adam M. Vogel
While unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains the mainstay of anticoagulation during pediatric extracorporeal life support, direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are increasingly used. In this article, we will review most recent evidence regarding utilization of both UFH and DTIs and compare their known advantages and disadvantages. We will present anticoagulation monitoring strategies during ECMO and outline
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The new frontier in ECLS: Artificial placenta and artificial womb for premature infants Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Nikhil R. Shah, George B. Mychaliska
Outcomes for extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs), defined as <28 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA), remain disproportionately poor. A radical paradigm shift in the treatment of prematurity is to recreate the fetal environment with extracorporeal support and provide an environment for organ maturation using an extracorporeal VV-ECLS artificial placenta (AP) or an AV-ECLS artificial womb
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Device updates in pediatric and neonatal ECMO Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-21 Yujin Park, Natalie A. Drucker, Brian W. Gray
Since the early use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS), new innovations and technological advancements have augmented the ability to use this technology in children and neonates. Cannulae have been re-designed to maintain structure and allow for single cannula venovenous (VV) ECLS in smaller patients. Circuit technology, including pumps and tubing, has evolved to permit smaller priming volumes and
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Extracorporeal life support in congenital diaphragmatic hernia Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Kylie I. Holden, Alice M. Martino, Yigit S. Guner, Matthew T. Harting
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is the most common indication for ECLS in neonatal respiratory failure. The ultimate purpose of ECLS is to grant cardiopulmonary support, allowing time for operative intervention and optimization of cardiopulmonary function as the pathophysiologic processes of pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypoplasia, and ventricular dysfunction either improve or resolve. In
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Pediatric surgical interventions on ECMO Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 R Scott Eldredge, Katie W Russell
Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) has historically been reserved for refractory pulmonary and cardiac support in children and adult. Operative intervention on ECMO was traditionally contraindicated due to hemorrhagic complications exacerbated by critical illness and anticoagulation needs. With advancements in ECMO circuitry and anticoagulation strategies operative procedures during ECMO have
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ECMO for premature neonates- Are we there yet? Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Carmen Mesas Burgos, Natalie Rintoul, Lars Mikael Broman
Despite ECMO being a well-accepted and established life-saving support for newborns, prematurity (<34 weeks of gestation) and low birth weight <2.0 kg are still considered relative contraindications due to the fear of intracranial bleeding complications. In the last decades, outcome in extracorporeal life support for pre-term babies has improved, and morbidity dominated by intracranial bleedings has
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Neonatal venoarterial and venovenous ECMO Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Artur Chernoguz, Julie Monteagudo
ECMO remains an important support tool in the treatment of neonates with reversible congenital cardiopulmonary diseases. There are specific circumstances that call for either venoarterial (VA) or venovenous (VV) ECMO in neonates. While limited by the infant's the size and gestational age, ECMO can confer exceptional survival rates to a number of neonates who can often develop without devastating complications
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Quality improvement strategies in pediatric ECMO Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Makenzie Hamilton, Steven W. Thornton, Elisabeth T. Tracy, Caroline Ozment
Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an increasingly utilized, life-saving technology with high mortality and morbidity. A complex technology employed urgently or emergently for some of the sickest children in the hospital by a large multidisciplinary team, ECMO is an ideal area for using quality improvement strategies to reduce the variability in care and improve patient outcomes. We review
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Pediatric ECLS Neurologic Management and Outcomes Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Kylie Callier, Goeto Dantes, Kevin Johnson, Allison F. Linden
Neurologic complications associated with extracorporeal life support (ECLS), including seizures, ischemia/infarction, and intracranial hemorrhage significantly increase morbidity and mortality in pediatric and neonatal patients. Prompt recognition of adverse neurologic events may provide a window to intervene with neuroprotective measures. Many neuromonitoring modalities are available with varying
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The impact of maternal stress on the development of necrotizing enterocolitis: A comprehensive review Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-11 Riadh Cheddadi, Nitika Narendra Khandekar, Venkata Yeramilli, Colin Martin
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal inflammatory disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Numerous predictors have been implicated in the development of NEC, with a relatively less emphasis on maternal factors. Pregnancy drives women into a new stage of life that increases their susceptibility to biological and psychological stress. Additionally, maternal stress during
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What animal model should I use to study necrotizing enterocolitis? Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Mitchell M. Won, Georgi D. Mladenov, Steven L. Raymond, Faraz A. Khan, Andrei Radulescu
Unfortunately, we are all too familiar with the statement: “Necrotizing enterocolitis remains the leading cause of gastrointestinal surgical emergency in preterm neonates”. It's been five decades since the first animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were described. There remains much investigative work to be done on identifying various aspects of NEC, ranging from the underlying mechanisms
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Key biologically active components of breast milk and their beneficial effects Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-30 Laura N. Reniker, Lauren C. Frazer, Misty Good
Maternal breast milk is the penultimate nutritional source for term and preterm neonates. Its composition is highly complex and includes multiple factors that enhance the development of nearly every neonatal organ system leading to both short- and long-term health benefits. Intensive research is focused on identifying breast milk components that enhance infant health. However, this research is complicated
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Stem cells as a therapeutic avenue for active and long-term complications of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Fikir M. Mesfin, Krishna Manohar, W. Christopher Shelley, John P. Brokaw, Jianyun Liu, Minglin Ma, Troy A. Markel
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating neonatal intestinal disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although decades of research have been dedicated to understanding the pathogenesis of NEC and developing therapies, it remains the leading cause of death among neonatal gastrointestinal diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant interest recently as
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Intestinal adaptation and rehabilitation Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Hannah M. Phelps, Brad W. Warner
Massive intestinal resection is a regrettably necessary but life-saving intervention for progressive or fulminant necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, the resultant short bowel syndrome (SBS) poses its own array of challenges and complications. Within hours of such an abrupt loss of intestinal length, the intestine begins to adapt. Our ability to understand this process of intestinal adaptation
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Remote ischemic conditioning in necrotizing enterocolitis Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Niloofar Ganji, George Biouss, Stella Sabbatini, Bo Li, Carol Lee, Agostino Pierro
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal inflammatory disorder, most prevalent in premature infants, and associated with a high mortality rate that has remained unchanged in the past two decades. NEC is characterized by inflammation, ischemia, and impaired microcirculation in the intestine. Preclinical studies by our group have led to the discovery of remote ischemic conditioning
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Antibiotic therapy and necrotizing enterocolitis Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Elizabeth Pace, Toby D. Yanowitz, Paul Waltz, Michael J. Morowitz
Antibiotic therapy remains a cornerstone of treatment of both medical and surgical presentations of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, guidelines regarding the administration of antibiotics for the treatment of NEC are lacking and practices vary amongst clinicians. Although the pathogenesis of NEC is unknown, there is consensus that the infant gastrointestinal microbiome contributes to the disease
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Probiotics and novel probiotic delivery systems Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Samantha J. Wala, Mecklin V. Ragan, Nitin Sajankila, Samuel G. Volpe, Nanditha Purayil, Zachary Dumbauld, Gail E. Besner
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an infectious and inflammatory intestinal disease that is the most common surgical emergency in the premature patient population. Although the etiology of the disease is multifactorial, intestinal dysbiosis is a hallmark of this disease. Based on this, probiotics may play a therapeutic role in NEC by introducing beneficial bacteria with immunomodulating, antimicrobial
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New insights into the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis and the dawn of potential therapeutics Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Daniel J. Scheese, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David J. Hackam
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disorder in premature infants that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Research efforts into the pathogenesis of NEC have discovered a pivotal role for the gram-negative bacterial receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), in its development. TLR4 is activated by dysbiotic microbes within the intestinal lumen, which leads to an exaggerated
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Bugs and the barrier: A review of the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier in necrotizing enterocolitis Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 K. Brooke Snyder, Catherine J. Hunter
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease that affects premature neonates. It frequently results in significant morbidity and mortality for those affected. Years of research into the pathophysiology of NEC have revealed it to be a variable and multifactorial disease. However, there are risk factors associated with NEC including low birth weight, prematurity, intestinal
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Preface: Necrotizing enterocolitis Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Colin A. Martin, Troy A. Markel
Abstract not available
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The evidence base for surgical treatment of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation: Impact of trial design and questions regarding implementation of trial recommendations Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-24 Parker T. Evans, Martin L. Blakely, Amanda S. Mixon, Jennifer Canvasser, Matthew A. Rysavy, Maria E. Fernandez, Claudia Pedroza, Jon E. Tyson
Abstract not available
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Impact of neonatal nutrition on necrotizing enterocolitis Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Noahlana Monzon, Emma M. Kasahara, Aarthi Gunasekaran, Kathryn Y. Burge, Hala Chaaban
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. NEC is multifactorial and the result of a complex interaction of feeding, dysbiosis, and exaggerated inflammatory response. Feeding practices in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) can vary among institutions and have significant impact on the vulnerable gastointestinal tract of preterm infants
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Building infrastructure to teach quality improvement Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Jennifer Lavin, Lillian S. Kao
With growing emphasis on healthcare quality improvement (QI) at both national and local levels, there has been increased demand for instructional programs to teach quality improvement as a discipline. Design of QI teaching programs must take into account local resources as well as the background and competing commitments of the learner. In this article, we review elements of successful quality improvement
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Addressing pediatric surgical health inequities through quality improvement efforts Semin. Pediatr. Surg. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-21 Charesa J. Smith, Mehul V. Raval, Melissa A. Simon, Marion C.W. Henry
Concepts of healthcare quality and health equity should be inextricably linked but are often pursued separately. Quality improvement (QI) can serve as a powerful means to eliminate health inequities by adopting an equity-focused lens to diagnose and address baseline disparities among pediatric populations using targeted interventions. QI and pediatric surgery practitioners should integrate concepts