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Pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (PDKA) among newly diagnosed diabetic patients treated at Dilla university hospital, Dilla, Ethiopia: prevalence and predictors medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Dinberu Oyamo Oromo
Abstract: Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a morbid complication of diabetes mellitus, and its occurrence at diagnosis has rarely been studied in Ethiopia, despite the many cases seen in the pediatric population. Objective: To know the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and identify avoidable risk factors. Method: This institution-based
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White Matter Integrity Differences in 2-year-old Children Treated with ECMO: A Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Michaela Ruttorf, Julia Filip, Thomas Schaible, Meike Weis, Frank G Zoellner
School-aged and adolescent survivors of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment still suffer from neurodevelopmental delays such as verbal, visuo-spatial and working memory problems, motor dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss, respectively, later in life. These neurodevelopmental delays are normally assessed by neuropsychological testing within follow-up programs. The purpose
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Co-existing mental and somatic conditions in Swedish children with the avoidant restrictive food intake disorder phenotype medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Marie-Louis Wronski, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Elin Hedlund, Miriam I. Martini, Paul Lichtenstein, Sebastian Lundstroem, Henrik Larsson, Mark J. Taylor, Nadia Micali, Cynthia M. Bulik, Lisa Dinkler
Background: Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder, characterized by limited variety and/or quantity of food intake impacting physical health and psychosocial functioning. Children with ARFID often present with a range of psychiatric and somatic symptoms, and therefore consult various pediatric subspecialties; large-scale studies mapping comorbidities are
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Hearing loss at 6-monthly assessments from age 12 to 36 months: secondary outcomes from randomised controlled trials of novel pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedules. medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Amanda Jane Leach, Nicole Wilson, Beth Arrowsmith, Jemima Beissbarth, Kim Mulholland, Mathuram Santosham, Paul John Torzillo, Peter McIntyre, Heidi Smith-Vaughan, Sue A Skull, Victor M Oguoma, Mark D Chatfield, Deborah Lehmann, Christopher G. Brennan-Jones, Michael J. Binks, Paul V Licciardi, Ross Andrews, Tom Snelling, Vicki Krause, Jonathan Carapetis, Anne B Chang, Peter Stanley Morris
Introduction: In remote communities, Australian First Nations children with hearing loss are disproportionately at risk of poor school readiness and performance, compared to those with normal hearing. Our objective was to compare two pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) formulations and mixed schedules (the PREVIX trials) designed to broaden protection and reduce conductive hearing loss to age 36 months
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Altered placental immune cell composition and gene expression with isolated fetal spina bifida medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Marina White, Hasan Abdo, David Grynspan, Tim Van Mieghem, Kristin L Connor
Problem: Maternal B vitamin deficiency increases the risk of fetal spina bifida (SB) and placental maldevelopment. It is unclear whether placental processes involving folate are altered in fetuses with SB in a contemporary cohort. We hypothesised that fetal SB would associate with reduced expression of key folate transporters (folate receptor-α [FRα], proton coupled folate receptor [PCFT], and reduced
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Sex differences in symptoms following the administration of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in Children below 5 Years of age in Germany (CoVacU5): a retrospective cohort study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jeanne Moor, Nicole Toepfner, Wolfgang C. G. von Meissner, Reinhard Berner, Matthias B. Moor, Karolina Kublickiene, Christoph Strumann, Cho-Ming Chao
Background Sex differences exist not only in the efficacy but also in adverse event rates of many vaccines. Here we compared the safety of BNT162b2 vaccine administered off-label in female and male children younger than 5 years in Germany. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study, in which we performed a post-hoc analysis of a dataset collected through an authentication-based survey of individuals
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An Unhealthy Dietary Pattern during Pregnancy is Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 David Lyle George Horner, Jens Richardt moellegaard Jepsen, Bo Chawes, Kristin Aagaard, Julie Rosenberg, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Nilo Vahman, Rebecca Vinding, Birgitte Fagerlund, Christos Pantelis, Niels Bilenberg, Casper-Emil Pedersen, Anders Eliasen, Yulu Chen, Nicole Prince, Su Chu, Rachel Kelly, Jessica Lasky-Su, Thorhallur Halldorsson, Birte Glenthooj, Klaus Boonelykke, Bjoern
Despite the high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, there are a lack of clinical studies examining the impact of pregnancy diet on child neurodevelopment. This observational clinical study examined the associations between pregnancy dietary patterns and neurodevelopmental diagnoses, as well as their symptoms, in a prospective cohort of 10-year-old children (n=508). Data-driven dietary patterns
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Plasma Cell-free RNA Signatures of Inflammatory Syndromes in Children medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Conor J Loy, Venice Servellita, Alicia Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Andrew Bliss, Joan Lenz, Emma Belcher, Will Suslovic, Jenny Nguyen, Meagan Williams, Miriam Oseguera, Michael Gardiner, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Kawasaki Disease Research Group (PEMKDRG), The CHARMS Study Group, Jong-Ha Choi, Hui-Mien Hsiao, Hao Wang, Jihoon Kim, Chisato Shimizu, Adrianna Tremoulet, Meghan Delaney, Roberta DeBiasi, Christina
Inflammatory syndromes, including those caused by infection, are a major cause of hospital admissions among children and are often misdiagnosed because of a lack of advanced molecular diagnostic tools. In this study, we explored the utility of circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) in plasma as an analyte for the differential diagnosis and characterization of pediatric inflammatory syndromes. We profiled
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Sources and pathways by which low-grade inflammation contributes to anaemia in rural African children from 6 months to 3 years of age: study protocol for observational studies IDeA 1 and IDeA 2 medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Elizabeth Ledger, Hans Verhoef, Amadou T Jallow, Nicole Cunningham, Andrew M Prentice, Carla Cerami
Background: Recent work suggests that persistent inflammation, even at low levels, could be more important than low dietary iron intake in the aetiology of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in young children living in poor environments. Methods: We will conduct 2 parallel observational studies in well and unwell rural Gambian children to identify the origins of chronic low-grade inflammation
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Short-term outcomes of asphyxiated neonates depending on outborn versus inborn status medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Nora Bruns, Nadia Feddahi, Rayan Hojeij, Rainer Rossi, Christian Dohna-Schwake, Anja Stein, Susann Kobus, Andreas Stang, Bernd Kowall, Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser
Importance: In neonates with birth asphyxia (BA) and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, therapeutic hypothermia (TH), initiated within six hours, is the only safe and established neuroprotective measure to prevent secondary brain injury. Infants born outside of TH centers have delayed access to cooling. Objective: To compare in-hospital lethality, occurrence of seizures, and functional status at discharge
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Hospital admissions for acute respiratory tract infections among infants from Nunavut and the burden of respiratory syncytial virus: a 10-year review in regional and tertiary hospitals medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella, Jean Allen, Jasmine Pawa, Jesse Papenburg, Radha Jetty, Rachel Dwilow, Joanne Embree, Joan Robinson, Laura Arbour, Manish Sadarangani, Ye Shen, Jeffrey Bone, Celia Walker, Iryna Kayda, Holden Sheffield, Darcy Scott, Amber Miners, David M Goldfarb
Background: Nunavut is a northern Canadian territory in Inuit Nunangat (Inuit homeland in Canada). Approximately 85% of the population identifies as Inuit. A high proportion of infants in Nunavut are admitted to hospital with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) but previous studies have been limited in regional and/or short duration of coverage. This study aimed to estimate the incidence rate,
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Identification of Novel Gene variants for Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Indian Patient using Whole Exome Sequencing medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Prashasti Yadav, Saileyee Roychowdhury, Nilanjan Mukherjee, Reema Mukherjee, Sudipta Kumar Roy, Soumen Bhattacharjee, Parimal Das
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, along with restricted and repetitive behaviour patterns, interests or activities. Its prevalence has risen over the past few years, being four times more common in boys than girls. The cause of ASD is unclear, its etiology involves genetic, environmental
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Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents born very preterm and its correlates medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Sarah R Haile, Gabriela P Peralta, Mark Adams, Ajay N Bharadwaj, Dirk Bassler, Alexander Moeller, Giancarlo Natalucci, Thomas Radtke, Susi Kriemler
Objectives: We aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a cohort of very preterm born children and adolescents (aged 5-16), and to compare it with their fullterm born siblings and the general population. We also explored correlates of HRQOL among the very preterm born. Methods: Cross-sectional survey. Primary outcome was KINDL total score (0 worst - 100 best). Linear mixed models accounted
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Associations between Social Contact, Sleep and Dietary Patterns Among Children: A Cross-Sectional Study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Christophe Muehlematter, Matthieu Beaugrand, Andjela Markovic, Salome Kurth
Social isolation in adults can be associated with altered sleep and eating behavior. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between the extent of social contact, eating behavior and sleep in infants and preschool children. In an observational study, 439 caregivers of 562 children aged 0-6 years provided information on sleep (i.e., duration, latency, bedtimes and nighttime awakenings), eating
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Advancing primary care for childhood pneumonia: a machine learning-based approach to prognosis and case management medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Oguzhan Serin, Izzet Turkalp Akbasli, Sena Bocutcu Cetin, Busra Koseoglu, Ahmet Fatih Deveci, Muhsin Zahid Ugur, Yasemin Ozsurekci
Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of preventable mortality under five years of age. Appropriate case management is as essential as disease prevention interventions, especially in primary care settings. Computer science has been used accurately and widely for pneumonia diagnosis; however, prognosis studies are relatively low. Herein, we developed a machine learning-based clinical decision support
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Rates of Positive M-CHAT-R Screenings by Pandemic Birth and Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 Exposure medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Morgan Firestein, Angela Gigliotti Manessis, Jennifer M. Warmingham, Yunzhe Hu, Morgan A. Finkel, Margaret H. Kyle, Maha Hussain, Imaal Ahmed, Andréane Lavallée, Ana Solis, Vitoria Chaves, Cynthia Rodriguez, Sylvie Goldman, Rebecca A. Muhle, Seonjoo Lee, Judy Austin, Wendy G. Silver, Kally C. O'Reilly, Jennifer M. Bain, Anna A. Penn, Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele, Melissa S. Stockwell, William P. Fifer
Maternal stress and viral illness during pregnancy are associated with neurodevelopmental conditions in offspring. Children born during the COVID-19 pandemic, including those exposed prenatally to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections, are reaching the developmental age for the assessment of risk for neurodevelopmental conditions. We examined associations between birth during the COVID-19 pandemic, prenatal
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Growth, physical and cognitive function in children who are born HIV-free: school-age follow-up of a cluster-randomized trial in rural Zimbabwe medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Joe D Piper, Clever Mazhanga, Marian Mwapaura, Gloria Mapako, Idah Mapurisa, Tsitsi Mashedze, Eunice Munyama, Maria Kuona, Thombizodwa Mashiri, Dzidzai Matemavi, Kundai Sibanda, Monica Tichagwa, Soneni Nyoni, Asinje Saidi, Manasa Mangwende, Dzivaidzo Chidhanguro, Eddington Mpofu, Joice Tome, Gabriel Mbewe, Batsirai Mutasa, Bernard Chasekwa, Handrea Njovo, Chandiwana Nyachowe, Mary Muchekeza, Kuda Mutasa
Background Globally, over 16 million children were exposed to HIV during pregnancy but remain HIV-free at birth and throughout childhood. Children born HIV-free (CBHF) have higher morbidity and mortality and poorer neurodevelopment in early life compared to children who are HIV-unexposed (CHU), but long-term outcomes remain uncertain. We characterized school-age growth, cognitive and physical function
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Rare Diseases Clinical Trials Toolbox - Public resources and main considerations to set up a clinical trial on medicinal products for humans in Europe medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Marta del Álamo, Biljana Zafirova, Martina Esdaile, Sarah Karam, Sabine Klager, Christine Kubiak
Background Drug development programmes in rare diseases have many challenges, some of which differ from those facing researchers working on common diseases, like the scarcity of patients.
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Associations between cord serum antibodies against phosphorylcholine and bacterial infections in neonates: a prospective cohort study in singletons and twins medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Ruoqing Chen, Yeqi Zheng, Weiri Tan, Feng Wu, Hui Liang, Xi Chen, Youmei Chen, Xian Liu, Fang Fang, Quanfu Zhang, Rui Zhang, Xu Chen
Background Antibodies against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) are reported to protect against infection. However, the association between cord serum anti-PC and bacterial infection in neonates is yet to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate these associations among both singletons and twins.
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Associations between multiple immune-response-related proteins and neonatal infection: a proximity extension assay based proteomic study in cord plasma of twins medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Ruoqing Chen, Weiri Tan, Yeqi Zheng, Feng Wu, Hui Liang, Youmei Chen, Xian Liu, Fang Fang, Rui Zhang, Quanfu Zhang, Xu Chen
Background Given their immature immune system, neonates are highly susceptible to infection, a major cause of neonatal death. However, associations between immune-response-related proteins and risk of neonatal infection have yet been systematically investigated.
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Retrospective cohort analysis of current trends in the surgical management of congenital diaphragmatic eventration in children medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Khalid Alzahrani, Lymeymey Heng, Naziha Khen-Dunlop, Nicoleta Panait, Erik Hervieux, Lucie Grynberg, Olivier Abbo, Frédéric Hameury, Frédéric Lavrand, Olivier Maillet, Aurore Haffreingue, Anne Lehn, Stephan De Napoli Cocci, Edouard Habonimana, Jean-Luc Michel, Louise Montalva, Quentin Ballouhey, Arnaud Fotso Kamdem, Jean-François Lecompte, Antoine Liné, Anna Poupalou, Pierre Meignan, Loren Deslandes
Background Diaphragmatic plication is the most widely used surgical approach for treating congenital diaphragmatic eventration (CDE) in children. This study aims to assess current surgical practice for this pathology in children.
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BinDel: detecting clinically relevant fetal genomic microdeletions using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing-based NIPT medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Priit Paluoja, Tatjana Jatsenko, Hindrek Teder, Kaarel Krjutškov, Joris Robert Vermeesch, Andres Salumets, Priit Palta
Clinically pathogenic chromosomal microdeletions (MDs) cause severe fetal genetic disorders such as DiGeorge and Prader-Willi/Angelman syndromes. Motivated by the absence of reliable blood and/or ultrasound screening biomarkers for detecting microdeletion risk during the first-trimester screening, we developed and validated BinDel, a software package to evaluate the risk of clinically pathogenic microdeletions
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Tricuspid Valve Annulus Size by Echocardiography: Predictor of Cardiac Limitation in Pediatric Pectus Excavatum medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-13 James R Chang, James R Eubanks, Timothy Jancelewicz, Vijaya M Joshi, Hugo Martinez, Samir H Shah, Elizabeth R Paton, Ranjit R Philip
Background: The severity of pectus excavatum (PEX) as measured by Haller index (HI) does not always correlate with symptoms of aerobic capacity. Transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) are generally reported as normal which may influence the pediatrician's decision to refer for corrective surgery. The aim of this study was to find a reproducible TTE marker as an indicator of right ventricular compression
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IMPROVING ANTIBIOTICS USE IN PEDIATRIC HOSPITALS IN ARGENTINA: FEASIBILITY STUDY medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Facundo Jorro-Baron, Cecilia Echave, Viviana Monica Rodriguez, Maria Jose Aguilar-Fixman, Romina Balboa, Marina Guglielmino, Maria Florencia Garcia-Causarano, Veronica Del Negro, Patricia Dondoglio, Esteban Falcon, Luz Gibbons, Maria Celeste Guerrero, Ximena Juarez, Analia Lopez, Erika Matteucci, Ana Paula Rodriguez, Emilse Vitar, Javier Roberti, Ezequiel Garcia-Elorrio, Andrea Falaschi
Background: We aimed to test the feasibility of a multifaceted intervention to enhance the quality of antibiotic prescription by reducing its overuse and increasing the use of narrow-spectrum agents, comprising a range of antimicrobial stewardship strategies in LMIC pediatric hospitals. Methods: We implemented a quality improvement (QI) initiative for the treatment of three groups of infections: acute
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Study protocol for a pilot clinical trial to understand neural mechanisms of response to a psychological treatment for pain and anxiety in pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Natoshia R Cunningham, Michelle A Adler, Brittany N Barber Garcia, Taylor Abounader, Alaina K Miller, Mariela Monzalvo, Ismaeel Hashemi, Ryan Cox, Samantha L Ely, Yong Zhou, Mark DeLano, Todd Mulderink, Mathew J Reeves, James L Peugh, Susmita Kashikar-Zuck, Robert C Coghill, Judith E Arnetz, David C Zhu
Background. Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) are the most common chronic pain conditions of childhood and are made worse by co-occurring anxiety. Our research team found that the Aim to Decrease Pain and Anxiety Treatment (ADAPT), a six-session coping skills program using cognitive behavioral therapy strategies, was effective in improving pain-related symptoms and anxiety symptoms compared
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The risk prediction models of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in China: a systematic review medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-05 WU jiaming, DU jiajia, Peng junjie, Guo xin, HU xue, Li yunchuan, Wu yuanfang
Objective:Systematically evaluate the risk prediction model for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in China, providing reference for clinical work and future research. Methods : We searched Chinese and English databases were systematically searched to focus on NEC risk prediction modeling studies.The search time ranged from database establishment to 25 August 2023.Two researchers independently
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Physician Approaches to the Pharmacologic Treatment of Dystonia in Cerebral Palsy medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-03 Emma Lott, Darcy Fehlings, Rose Gelineau-Morel, Michael Kruer, Jonathan Mink, Sruthi Thomas, Steve Wisniewski, Bhooma Rajagopalan Aravamuthan, Cerebral Palsy Research Network
Objective: To determine how physicians approach pharmacologic dystonia treatment in people with CP and assess physician readiness to participate in a randomized trial comparing existing pharmacologic dystonia treatments. Methods: We administered a REDCap survey to physician members of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine and of the Child Neurology Society to assess which
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Pharmacogenomics of Coronary Artery Response to Intravenous Gamma Globulin in Kawasaki Disease medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Sadeep Shrestha, Howard William Wiener, Sabrina Chowdhury, Hidemi Kajimoto, Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra, Olga A Mamaeva, Ujval N Brahmbhatt, Dolena R Ledee, Yung Lau, Luz A Padilla, Jake Y. Chen, Nagib Dahdah, Hemant K Tiwari, Michael A. Portman
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem inflammatory illness of infants and young children that could result in acute vasculitis. The pathological walls of afflicted coronary arteries show propensity for forming thrombosis and aneurysms. The mechanism of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) despite intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) treatment is not known. Methods: We performed a Whole Genome
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Sarcomere gene variants did not improve cardiac function in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy from Japanese cohorts medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-28 Keiichi Hirono, Yukiko Hata, Shojiro Ichimata, Naoki Nishida, Teruhiko Imamura, Yoshihiro Asano, Yuki Kuramoto, Kaori Tsuboi, Shinya Takarada, Mako Okabe, Hideyuki Nakaoka, Keijiro Ibuki, Sayaka Ozawa, Jun Muneuch, Kazushi Yasuda, Kotaro Urayama, Hideharu Oka, Tomoyuki Miyamoto, Kenji Baba, Akio Kato, Hirofumi Saiki, Naoki Kuwahara, Masako Harada, Shiro Baba, Mari Morikawa, Hidenori Iwasaki, Yuichiro
Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by impaired cardiac contraction and ventricular dilation. Some patients with DCM could manifest improvement in these abnormalities called left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR). However, the detailed association between genotypes and clinical outcomes, including LVRR, particularly among pediatric patients
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Apnea, Intermittent Hypoxemia, and Bradycardia Events Predict Late-Onset Sepsis in Extremely Preterm Infants medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-27 Sherry L Kausch, Douglas E Lake, Juliann M Di Fiore, Debra E Weese-Mayer, Nelson Claure, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Zachary A Vesoulis, Karen D Fairchild, Phyllis A Dennery, Anna Maria Hibbs, Richard J Martin, Premananda Indic, Colm P Travers, Eduardo Bancalari, Aaron Hamvas, James S Kemp, John L Carroll, Randall J Moorman, Brynne A Sullivan
Objectives: Detection of changes in cardiorespiratory events, including apnea, periodic breathing, intermittent hypoxemia (IH), and bradycardia, may facilitate earlier detection of sepsis. Our objective was to examine the association of cardiorespiratory events with late-onset sepsis for extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks gestational age (GA)) on versus off invasive mechanical ventilation. Study
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Capture of Group A Streptococcus by Open-Microfluidic CandyCollect Device in Pediatric Patients medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Wan-chen Tu, Ingrid Jeacopello, Andrea Blom, Elena Alfaro, Victoria A.M. Shinkawa, Daniel B. Hatchett, Juan C. Sanchez, Anika M. McManamen, Xiaojing Su, Erwin Berthier, Sanitta Thongpang, Ellen R. Wald, Gregory P. DeMuri, Ashleigh B. Theberge
Objective Determine the feasibility of using CandyCollect, a lollipop-inspired open-microfluidic pathogen collection device, to capture Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and compare user preference for CandyCollect, conventional pharyngeal swabs, or mouth swabs in children with pharyngitis and their caregivers. Methods Children (aged 5-17 years) with pharyngitis who tested positive for GAS via rapid antigen
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Kangaroo Mother Care prior to clinical stabilisation: Implementation barriers and facilitators reported by caregivers and health care providers in Uganda medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Victor S. Tumukunde, Joseph Katongole, Stella Namukwaya, Melissa M. Medvedev, Moffat Nyirenda, Cally J. Tann, Janet Seeley, Joy E. Lawn
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an evidence-based method to improve newborn survival. However, scale-up even for stable newborns has been slow, with reported barriers to implementation. We examined facilitators and barriers to initiating KMC before stabilisation amongst neonates recruited to the OMWaNA study in Uganda.
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Congenital diaphragmatic eventration: Should we maintain surgical treatment? A retrospective multicentric cohort study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Lymeymey Heng, Khalid Alzahrani, Naziha Khen-Dunlop, Nicoleta Panait, Erik Hervieux, Lucie Grynberg, Olivier Abbo, Frédéric Hameury, Frédéric Lavrand, Olivier Maillet, Aurore Haffreingue, Anne Lehn, Stephan De Napoli Cocci, Edouard Habonimana, Jean-Luc Michel, Louise Montalva, Quentin Ballouhey, Arnaud Fotso Kamdem, Jean-François Lecompte, Antoine Liné, Anna Poupalou, Pierre Maignan, Loren Deslandes
Background Congenital diaphragmatic eventration (CDE) is an infrequent congenital pathology without consensus of treatment. This study assessed current care practices for this pathology in children in France.
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Highly comparative time series analysis of oxygen saturation and heart rate to predict respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm infants medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Joy Qiu, Juliann M Di Fiore, Narayanan Krishnamurthi, Premananda Indic, John L Carroll, Nelson Claure, James S Kemp, Phyllis A A Dennery, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Debbie Weese-Mayer, Anna Maria Hibbs, Richard J Martin, Eduardo Bancalari, Aaron Hamvas, Randall Moorman, Douglas E Lake
Abstract. Objective: Highly comparative time series analysis (HCTSA) is a novel approach involving massive feature extraction using publicly available code from many disciplines. The Prematurity-Related Ventilatory Control (Pre-Vent) observational multicenter prospective study collected bedside monitor data from > 700 extremely preterm infants to identify physiologic features that predict respiratory
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A Non-targeted Proteomics Newborn Screening Platform for Genetic Disorders medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Hirofumi Shibata, Daisuke Nakajima, Ryo Konno, Atsushi Hijikata, Motoko Higashiguchi, Hiroshi Nihira, Saeko Shimodera, Takayuki Miyamoto, Masahiko Nishitani-Isa, Eitaro Hiejima, Kazushi Izawa, Junko Takita, Toshio Heike, Ken Okamura, Hidenori Ohnishi, Masataka Ishimura, Satoshi Okada, Motoi Yamashita, Tomohiro Morio, Hirokazu Kanegane, Kohsuke Imai, Yasuko Nakamura, Shigeaki Nonoyama, Toru Uchiyama
Newborn screening using dried blood spot (DBS) samples has made a substantial contribution to public healthcare by detecting patients with genetic disorders as neonates. Targeted measurements of nucleic acids and metabolites have played major roles in newborn screening to date, while the feasibility of new non-targeted approaches, including genome-wide DNA sequencing, has been explored. Here, we investigated
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Early developmental milestone clusters of autistic children based on electronic health records medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Ayelet Ben-Sasson, Joshua Guedalia, Keren Ilan, Galit Shefer, Roe Cohen, Lidia V Gabis
ASD children vary in symptoms, co-morbidities and response to interventions. This study aimed to identify clusters of ASD children with a distinct pattern of attaining early developmental milestones. Clustering of 5,836 ASD children was based on attainment of 43 gross motor, fine motor, language and social developmental milestones in the first three years of life as recorded in baby wellness visits
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Determinants of health-related quality of life in healthy children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a prospective longitudinal cohort study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Sarah R Haile, Gabriela P Peralta, Alessia Raineri, Sonja Rueegg, Agne Ulyte, Milo A Puhan, Thomas Radtke, Susi Kriemler
Purpose Understanding health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents, during a pandemic and afterwards, aids in understanding how circumstances in their lives impact their well-being. We aimed to identify determinants of HRQOL from a broad range of biological, psychological and social factors in a large longitudinal population-based sample.
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Predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates after hospital discharge in a low-resource setting: A case study in Uganda medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Ronald Nsubuga, Joseph Rujumba, Saleh Nyende, Stevens Kisaka, Richard Idro, Jolly Nankunda
Background Most neonatal deaths occur among low birth weight infants. However, in resource-limited settings, these infants are commonly discharged early which further exposes them to mortality. Previous studies on morbidity and mortality among low birth weight infants after early discharge mainly focused on very low birth weight infants, and none described post-discharge neonatal mortality. This study
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Multi-Source Graph Synthesis (MUGS) for Pediatric Knowledge Graphs from Electronic Health Records medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Mengyan Li, Xiaoou Li, Kevin Pan, Alon Geva, Doris Yang, Sara Morini Sweet, Clara-Lea Bonzel, Vidul Ayakulangara Panickan, Xin Xiong, Kenneth Mandl, Tianxi Cai
The wealth of valuable real-world medical data found within Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems is particularly significant in the field of pediatrics, where conventional clinical studies face notably high barriers. However, constructing accurate knowledge graphs from pediatric EHR data is challenging due to its limited content density compared to EHR data for the general population. Additionally
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Delayed Healthcare Seeking and Associated Factors for Common Childhood Illnesses among Caregivers with Under-Five Children in Southwestern Ethiopia, 2023 medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Gamechu Atomsa Hunde, Kalkidan Fikadu, Tigist Demeke
Background For under-five children, receiving timely and appropriate medical attention is crucial in preventing serious and fatal complications. Unfortunately, evidence shows that parents of young children frequently delay seeking care, contributing to the death of many kids before they even get to a medical facility.
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Trajectory of the body mass index of children and adolescents attending a reference mental health center medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Juliana Echeveste-Navarrete, Patricia Zavaleta-Ramírez, Maria Fernanda Castilla-Peon
Objectives To describe the standardized body mass index (z-BMI) trajectory of children and adolescents admitted to a psychiatric reference center in Mexico City according to their diagnosis and medication use. A secondary objective was to compare z-BMI between antipsychotic users and non-users.
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Functional trajectory following pediatric stroke: a cohort study of acute inpatient rehabilitation outcomes medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Jennifer Wu, Deena S. Godfrey, Patricia Orme, Brian D. Wishart
Background Stroke in childhood is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Neurologic impairments due to childhood stroke are associated with long-term disability and decreased quality of life. However, there are limited studies examining functional outcomes of childhood stroke. The goal of this study was to characterize functional outcomes of children and adolescents admitted to acute inpatient
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Limited Research Investigating the Added Value of MRI in Predicting Future Cognitive Morbidity in Survivors of Paediatric Brain Tumours: A Call to Action for Clinical Neuroimaging Researchers medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-13 D. Griffiths-King, C. Delivett, A. Peet, J. Waite, J. Novak
Survivors of pediatric brain tumour patients are at high risk of cognitive morbidity. There is clinical benefit in being able to reliably predict, at the individual patient level, whether a patient will experience these difficulties or not, the degree of impairment, and the domains affected. Whilst established risk factors exist, quantitative analysis of MRI could provide added predictive value towards
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Hydroxyurea Therapy for Neurological and Cognitive Protection in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia in Uganda (BRAIN SAFE II): Protocol for a single-arm open label trial medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Vincent Mboizi, Catherine Nabaggala, Deogratias Munube, John M. Ssenkusu, Phillip Kasirye, Samson Kamya, Michael G. Kawooya, Amelia Boehme, Frank Minja, Ezekiel Mupere, Robert Opoka, Caterina Rosano, Nancy S. Green, Richard Idro
Background Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in Sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk of sickle cerebrovascular injury (SCVI). Hydroxyurea, a commonly used disease-modifying therapy, may prevent or decrease SCVI for reduced incident stroke, stroke risk and potentially cognitive dysfunction. We aim to test the impact of daily hydroxyurea therapy on these outcomes in Ugandan children with SCA. We
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Anxiety appraisal in mothers of preterm neonates admitted in critical care unit medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Rafia Gul, Samer Fatima, Samina Khurshid, Sidra Niamat, Zahid Anwar, Saher Gul Ahdi
Background Mothers of premature neonates often confront various psychological challenges including postpartum depression, anxiety, and elevated stress levels. However, anxiety has not received the necessary emphasis in routine clinical practice and research, often going unnoticed. There is insufficient data regarding the utilization of specific tools for screening maternal anxiety in hospitalized preterm
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High-risk Escherichia coli clones that cause neonatal meningitis and association with recrudescent infection medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu, Minh-Duy Phan, Steven J Hancock, Kate M Peters, Laura Alvarez-Fraga, Brian M Forde, Stacey B Andersen, Thyl Miliya, Patrick NA Harris, Scott A Beatson, Sanmarie Schlebusch, Haakon Bergh, Paul Turner, Annelie Brauner, Benita Westerlund-Wikstrom, Adam D Irwin, Mark A Schembri
Neonatal meningitis is a devasting disease associated with high mortality and neurological sequelae. Escherichia coli is the second most common cause of neonatal meningitis (herein NMEC) and the most common cause of meningitis in preterm neonates. Here we investigated the genomic relatedness of a collection of NMEC strains spanning 1974-2020 and isolated from seven different geographic regions. We
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Exploring the impact of integrated health and social care services on child health and wellbeing in underserved populations: a systematic review medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-07 Chris Bird, Lorraine Harper, Syed Muslim, Derick Yates, Ian Litchfield
Objective To explore the evidence for interventions that integrate child health and social care and support programmes and the impact they have on child health and wellbeing.
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‘I was an accident’. Long-term effects of unintended pregnancy on children: Findings from the Dutch prospective birth-cohort Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Wieke Y. Beumer, Marjette H. Koot, Tanja Vrijkotte, Tessa J. Roseboom, Jenneke van Ditzhuijzen
Background Several studies investigated short-term risks of children born from unintended pregnancies, however evidence about long-term risks is missing. This study aimed to examine whether children born from unintended pregnancies experience psychosocial problems up into adolescence.
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Asymptomatic hypoglycemia among preterm newborns: a cross-sectional analysis medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-31 Shani S. Salum, Florence S. Kalabamu, Maulidi R. Fataki, Salha A. Omary, Ummulkheir H. Mohammed, Hillary A. Kizwi, Kelvin M. Leshabari
Background Hypoglycemia is the commonest metabolic abnormality encountered in newborns. Preterm newborns are the group with the highest risk of clinically significant hypoglycemia. However exact factors associated with asymptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia is not known.
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The Prevalence, Etiology, And Outcome Of Anemia In Children Under Five On Admission In Three Hospitals Of Dar-Es-Salaam medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Peter Shabani Msinde
Introduction Childhood anemia remains a persistent global challenge, emerging as the most prevalent blood disorder among children worldwide. Its enduring prevalence underscores its significance as a hematological concern of substantial public health importance, owing to its wide prevalence and potential severity. Anemia’s impact is particularly pronounced among children and expectant mothers. On a
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Investigating the spatial accessibility and coverage of the pediatric COVID-19 vaccine: an ecologic study of regional health data medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Amin Bemanian, Jonathan F Mosser
Background The COVID-19 pandemic presented healthcare workers and public health agency a unique challenge of having to rapidly deliver a novel set of vaccines during a public health crisis. For pediatric patients, there was an additional layer of complexity given the delayed timeline to deliver these vaccines and the differences in dosing and available products depending on the age of those receiving
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Changes in the medical admissions and mortality amongst children in four South African hospitals following the COVID-19 pandemic : A five-year review medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Naidoo Kimesh Loganathan, Dorward Jienchi, Chinniah Kogielambal, Lawler Melissa, Nattar Yugendhree, Bottomley Christian, Archary Moherndran
Background Vulnerable children from poor communities with high HIV and Tuberculosis(TB) burdens were impacted by COVID-19 lockdowns. Concern was raised about the extent of this impact and anticipated post-pandemic surges in mortality.
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A Bibliometric Approach to Scientific Production on Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets in Scopus (2000-2022) medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Frank Hernández-García, Helena Gil-Peña, Julián Rodríguez Suárez, José Manuel López García, Rocío Fuente Pérez, Patricia Oro Carbajosa, Ibrain Enrique Corrales-Reyes
Background Hypophosphatemic rickets are disabling conditions that negatively impact physical functioning, activities of daily living, mental health, social life, and leisure activities. The most common cause of Hypophosphatemic rickets is genetic factors, such as X-linked hypophosphatemia. The evaluation of the scientific application of familial hypophosphatemic rickets aids in understanding the research
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‘Whose quality of life is it anyway?’ – Evaluation of quality of life tools for children with complex needs accessing specialist leisure provision medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Fiona Astill, Bethan Collins, Nicole McGrath, Alison Kemp, Lisa Hurt, Sabine Maguire
Studies of quality of life (QoL) routinely exclude children with complex needs. These children struggle to access leisure activities, particularly those with severe communication needs or challenging behaviour. Sparkle provides specialised leisure services to children and young people (0-17 years) with complex needs in South Wales, UK. We aimed to evaluate previously validated tools to measure QoL
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Meaningful outcomes of specialist leisure activities for children with complex disabilities: the views of parents, professionals and young people medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Bethan Collins, Nicole McGrath, Fiona Astill, Lisa Hurt, Sabine Maguire, Alison Kemp
Leisure activities during childhood are vital to quality of life and wellbeing, however parents report poor quality of life and infrequent leisure participation for children with complex disabilities. Sparkle, a charity in South Wales, delivers specialist leisure activities aimed at providing children with disabilities with access to the same opportunities as any other child. We explored the impact
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Epigenetic scores indicate differences in the proteome of preterm infants medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Katie Mckinnon, Eleanor Lucy Shepherd Conole, Kadi Vaher, Robert F Hillary, Danni A Gadd, Justyna Binkowska, Gemma Sullivan, Anna J Stevenson, Amy Corrigan, Lee Murphy, Heather C Whalley, Hilary Richardson, Riccardo E Marioni, Simon R Cox, James P Boardman
Background: Epigenetic scores (EpiScores), reflecting DNA methylation (DNAm)-based surrogates for complex traits, have been developed for multiple circulating proteins. EpiScores for pro-inflammatory proteins, such as C-reactive protein (DNAm CRP), are associated with brain health and cognition in adults and with inflammatory comorbidities of preterm birth in neonates. Social disadvantage can become
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Profile of tetralogy of Fallot at the cardiology clinic of Saint-Damien hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Naïka Paulemie Désir, Adonaï Aly Isaac Julien, Richcard Alexandre, Joanne Fevry, Taina Brice, Alexandra Noisette
Objective Our work aimed to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of Tetralogy of Fallot (TF) in the cardiology unit of the Saint-Damien Nos Petits Frères et Sœurs hospital in Haiti.
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Association of Polymorphic Variants of HHIP, ADRB2 and IL-33 Genes with Clinical Manifestations of Bronchial Asthma in Children medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Yu.S. Alieva, E.G. Furman, E.I. Kondratyeva, E.V. Loshkova, V.S. Sheludko, V.S. Sokolovsky, M.S. Ponomareva, E.A. Khuzina, R.S. Aushova
Studying the contribution of genetic mechanisms to the development of bronchial asthma (BA) is to look for associations of the disease and its phenotypes with polymorphic markers of candidate genes.
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Infant Weight Faltering and Feeding Patterns at 6 Weeks Post-Delivery in a Rural East African Community:Comparing Incremental Versus Static Weight Assessments medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Adenike Oluwakemi Ogah
Background Early stages of infant weight faltering is difficult to detect in the first 6 months of life. Major reason for this might be the method of assessing infant growth. Incremental growth assessment, which is rarely performed in developing countries, is more useful than static growth assessment in infants. In a remote, understudied village in East Africa, this study examined the prevalence and
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Corpus callosum abnormalities at term-equivalent age are associated with language development at two years corrected age in infants born very preterm medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Katsuaki Kojima, Julia E Kline, Mekibib Altaye, Beth M Kline-Fath, Nehal A Parikh, the Cincinnati Infant Neurodevelopment Early Prediction Study (CINEPS) Investigators
We studied the impact of microstructural abnormalities in the corpus callosum on language development in 348 infants born very prematurely. We discovered that the fractional anisotropy of the corpus callosum anterior midbody was a significant predictor of standardized language scores at two years, independent of clinical and social risk factors.