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Congenital right atrial diverticulum in a kitten J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Brigite Pedro MSc, Fabio Sarcinella DVM, Chris Linney MSc, Joao Neves DVM, Luis Mesquita DVM
A 4-month-old Domestic Shorthair cat with no clinical signs was referred for further examination of a heart murmur. An echocardiogram revealed marked right atrial dilation, extending into the left hemithorax. Computed tomograpahy-angiography was conducted to investigate further, which revealed a balloon-shaped, contrast-filled cavity on the cranial and left side of the chest that connected to the right
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Aorto-left atrial fistula secondary to aortic infective endocarditis in a dog with a bicuspid aortic valve J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Alyssa J. Carrillo DVM, Paulo Rivera DVM, Randall T. Walker DVM, Lisa L. Farina DVM, Eduardo J. Benjamin DVM MS
An 11-year-old male neutered English Bulldog was presented for evaluation of thrombocytopenia, acute onset of ataxia, and vomiting. A new murmur was auscultated on physical examination. Transthoracic echocardiographic examination revealed a bicuspid aortic valve, vegetative lesions on the aortic valve, and continuous shunting from the aortic root to the left atrium through an aorta to left atrial fistula
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Gene-expression profiling of endomyocardial biopsies from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 A. Di Loria, C. Ferravante, Y. D'Agostino, G. Giurato, M. Tursi, E. Grego, M. Perego, A. Weisz, P. Ciaramella, R. Santilli
The employment of advanced molecular biology technologies has expanded the diagnostic investigation of cardiomyopathies in dogs; these technologies have predominantly been performed on postmortem samples, although the recent use of endomyocardial biopsy in living dogs has enabled a better premortem diagnostic approach to study the myocardial injury. Endomyocardial biopsies were collected in nine dogs
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Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a Staffordshire Bull Terrier J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 M. Garncarz, W. Wtorkowska, M. Parzeniecka-Jaworska, M. Krzemiński, D. Machola, K. Sienkiewicz
An asymptomatic 17-month-old, 18.5-kg, male Staffordshire Bull Terrier was referred due to a heart murmur. Examination revealed a grade 3/6 left apical systolic and right apical 3/6 heart murmur. Echocardiography showed volume overload of the left ventricle and mild systolic dysfunction with a left-right flow over the interventricular septal region. Cardiac gated computed tomography revealed anomalous
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Reference intervals for various measurements of canine left atrial size and function obtained using two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 J. Treibert, J. Friederich, S. Fischer, H. Küchenhoff, G. Wess
Many canine cardiac diseases are associated with left atrial (LA) remodeling and decreased function. For accurate assessment of LA indices large-scale, prospectively determined reference intervals are necessary. To generate reference intervals of LA size and function using 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional echocardiography. Two hundred and one healthy adult dogs Left atrial volume was assessed in right
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Transesophageal echocardiography using a microprobe for determination of transcatheter procedural candidacy, device selection, and procedural monitoring in small dogs with patent ductus arteriosus J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 S. Wesselowski, A.B. Saunders
Small dogs with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may be unable to undergo transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with traditional probes. To report the utility of TEE using a microprobe in dogs < 4 kg diagnosed with PDA for determination of transcatheter procedural candidacy, device selection, and intraoperative procedural guidance. Eight dogs weighing <4 kg diagnosed with PDA. All dogs had standard
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Detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation preceding persistent atrial fibrillation in a horse using an implantable loop recorder with remote monitoring J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 I. Vernemmen, G. Van Steenkiste, A. Decloedt, H. Meert, U. Walser, G. van Loon
Implantable loop recorders (ILR) are increasingly used in equine cardiology to detect arrhythmias in the context of collapse, poor performance or monitoring for recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). However to date, the ILR has never been reported to be used with a remote monitoring functionality in horses, therefore the arrhythmia is only discovered when a clinician interrogates the ILR using dedicated
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Echocardiographic and pathologic identification of an aorto-left atrial fistula secondary to infective endocarditis in a canine patient J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 K. Iuliani, A. Lawler, D. Schrope, E. Locke
A dog was presented for lameness, fever, and extreme lethargy. On physical exam, a new heart murmur, arrhythmia, and joint effusion were detected. These findings were not detected two months prior. A diagnostic work-up confirmed septic suppurative inflammation in multiple joints. Echocardiogram revealed aortic valvular endocarditis along with a communication, as a consequence of a fistula, that extended
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Cardiovascular images: pacemaker-lead fracture and excessive coiling in a dog J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 A.K. McManamey DVM, M.M. Lake DVM, T.C. DeFrancesco DVM
A seven-year-old male castrated Labrador Retriever presented emergently due to concern for pacemaker malfunction five years after successful transvenous pacemaker implantation to treat partial atrial standstill. On presentation, the dog's pulse rate was 30–50 beats per minute. An electrocardiogram showed no spontaneous atrial activity or paced ventricular activity. Pacemaker interrogation revealed
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Spontaneous rupture of the right aortic sinus resulting in a sterile aorto-atrial fistula in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 L. Cheung DVM, B.A. Scansen DVM MS, R. Baden DVM, C.Q. Sloan DVM MS, M. Garcia DVM, S. Han DVM PhD, M.J. Sadar DVM
Aortocardiac fistula is a broad term used to describe defects between the aorta and other cardiac chambers that can occur in humans and animals. A 1.5-year-old, 1.7 kg, male castrated Holland lop rabbit () was presented for a two-week history of a heart murmur with corresponding cardiomegaly on radiographs. Physical examination confirmed a grade-V/VI continuous heart murmur on the right sternal border
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Arterial thromboembolism in a cat with transient myocardial thickening J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Claudia Vollmar, Athanasia Mitropoulou, Esther Hassdenteufel, Nicolai Hildebrandt, Matthias Schneider
Feline arterial thromboembolism has been reported to be secondary to various feline cardiomyopathies; however, it has not been described in cats with transient myocardial thickening. A previously healthy, one-year-old, castrated male cat presented with acute paraparesis and congestive heart failure. Echocardiography revealed asymmetric left ventricular free wall thickening and left atrial enlargement
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The utility of cardiac-gated computed tomography in diagnosing a reverse patent ductus arteriosus with a concurrent intracardiac right-to-left shunt J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Alice G.N. Morey, , James J. Karnia, Kelly E. Wiggen
A 5-month-old male intact Goldendoodle presented for evaluation for peripheral cyanosis following exercise. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated severe right ventricular wall thickening and right atrial dilation secondary to pulmonary hypertension. An agitated saline contrast study demonstrated an interatrial right-to-left shunt. Cardiac-gated computed tomography confirmed a reverse patent ductus
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Structural and electro-anatomical characterization of the equine pulmonary veins: implications for atrial fibrillation J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 S.T. Kjeldsen, S.D. Nissen, A. Saljic, E.M. Hesselkilde, H. Carstensen, S.M. Sattler, T. Jespersen, D. Linz, C. Hopster-Iversen, R. Kutieleh, P. Sanders, R. Buhl
Introduction/objectives Spontaneous pulmonary vein (PV) activity triggers atrial fibrillation (AF) in humans. Although AF frequently occurs in horses, the origin remains unknown. This study investigated the structural and electro-anatomical properties of equine PVs to determine the potential presence of an arrhythmogenic substrate. Animals, materials and methods Endocardial three-dimensional electro-anatomical
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Two- and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic assessment and successful occlusion of a window-like patent ductus arteriosus in two dogs J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 I. Craciun, J. Silva, L.C. Dutton, J. Loureiro, J. Novo Matos
A 16-month-old Labrador-poodle cross (case 1) and a 3-month-old German shorthaired pointer (case 2) were referred for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion. Two-dimensional transthoracic and two- and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography revealed a window-like PDA characterized by a wide and short ductus. Due to the atypical PDA morphology with no ampulla in case 1, ductal occlusion
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Successful high-resolution three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation of a posteroseptal accessory pathway in a dog using CARTO 3 J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 A. Hellemans, M. Duytschaever, G. Van Steenkiste, G. van Loon, T. Bosmans, G. Mampaey, P. Smets
A one-year-and-seven-month-old, 28 kg, male castrated crossbreed dog was presented for supraventricular tachycardia causing recurrent episodes of anorexia and lethargy. Sotalol (2.2 mg/kg q12 h) reduced the frequency of symptomatic episodes but did not provide full relief. Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping was performed at the Ghent University Small Animal Teaching hospital using the CARTO
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Left ventricular eccentricity index to assess precapillary pulmonary hypertension in dogs J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 M. Lekane, P. Burnotte, K. Gommeren, K. Mc Entee, A.-C. Merveille
Introduction Interventricular septal flattening, frequently present in pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be quantified by the left ventricular eccentricity index (EI) measured at end-diastole (EId), end-systole (EIs) and at maximal septal flattening (EIm). In humans, EI correlates with invasive pulmonary arterial pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate if EI correlates with parameters of right
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Development of Three-Dimensional (3D) Models from Computed Tomography Angiography J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-16 Susanne M. Stieger-Vanegas, Katherine F. Scollan
Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing is an emerging technology in veterinary cardiovascular medicine allowing the fabrication of anatomically correct patient-specific models. These patient specific models can be used for a wide range of purposes including medical teaching, assessment of cardiac function and movement of valve leaflets, design and assessment of devices created for interventional
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Clinical outcome of idiopathic juvenile ventricular arrhythmias in 25 dogs J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 A. Reuter, T.C. DeFrancesco, J.B. Robertson, K.M. Meurs
Introduction/Objectives Juvenile ventricular arrhythmias in the absence of structural heart disease have been characterized in a small number of canine breeds with limited long-term follow up. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical outcome of dogs with JVA presenting to a university teaching hospital. Animals, materials, methods 25 dogs, less than two years old with idiopathic ventricular
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Clinical presentation, management, and survival in dogs with persistent atrial standstill in the United Kingdom J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 I. Sanz-Gonzalez, J. Aitken, B. Pedro, M. Martin, Y. Martinez Pereira, J. Dukes-McEwan, E.F. Bode, G.J. Culshaw
Objectives To investigate the clinical and echocardiographic presentation of dogs with persistent atrial standstill (PAS), identify variables measured at first presentation that could predict their survival, and document the progression of the disease after pacing. Materials and methods Retrospective study of medical records of dogs diagnosed with PAS at three referral hospitals of the United Kingdom
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Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of sotalol hydrochloride in healthy cats J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 S.J. Salmon, A.E. Coleman, C.R. Lynn, J.E. Sanders, K.M. Messenger
Introduction/objectives The objective of this study was to describe the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and urinary elimination of sotalol in healthy cats. Animals Six adult purpose-bred cats Materials and methods Cats were administered 2 mg sotalol/kg body weight as a single intravenous bolus and as a single oral dose in a randomized crossover study with a 2-week washout period. The same
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Three-dimensional echocardiography: technical aspects and imaging modalities J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Giulio Menciotti, Anna Tidholm, Michele Borgarelli
Real time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) is increasingly available in the veterinary field due to continuous reduction in costs and improvement of equipment. Much like its motion-mode and bi-dimensional counterparts, acquisition and analysis of RT3DE images and datasets is greatly improved by a thorough understanding of the technological aspects, basic physic principles, and knowledge of
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Current use of transesophageal echocardiography in animals J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-18 Ashley B. Saunders, Caitlin H. Stoner
The unique imaging capabilities of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) make it a valuable tool for characterizing the structure and function of the heart and for providing procedural monitoring. With the creation of new devices and expansion of procedural options with increased applications, multiplanar and three-dimensional imaging with TEE can be essential for clinical decision making. A description
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Development of a three-dimensional computer model of the equine heart using a polyurethane casting technique and in vivo contrast-enhanced computed tomography J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-19 I. Vernemmen, G. Van Steenkiste, S. Hauspie, L. De Lange, E. Buschmann, S. Schauvliege, W. Van den Broeck, A. Decloedt, K. Vanderperren, G. van Loon
Introduction/objectives Insight into the three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the equine heart is essential in veterinary education and to develop minimally invasive intracardiac procedures. The aim was to create a 3D computer model simulating the in vivo anatomy of the adult equine heart. Animals Ten horses and five ponies. Materials and methods Ten horses, euthanized for non-cardiovascular reasons,
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Interventricular inflow time difference assessed by dual pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Tomoya Morita, Kensuke Nakamura, Tatsuyuki Osuga, Sei Kawamoto, Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
Introduction Interventricular inflow time difference (IVID), which is defined as the time interval between the opening of the mitral valve and the opening of the tricuspid valve, hold prognostic value in human patients with heart failure. Few reports regarding IVID are available in dogs. Animals Ninety dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and 47 dogs without heart disease. Dogs with MMVD
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Transseptal puncture in the dog utilizing three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic guidance J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 J. Allen, K. Phipps, K. Barrett
Transseptal puncture is necessary to access the left atrium and mitral valve from a transvenous approach but is poorly described in veterinary medicine. The procedure is generally regarded as difficult and dangerous, particularly given the size of most small animal patients. Precise imaging is paramount to the procedure to ensure that puncture occurs within the desired location and to monitor for potential
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Current use of real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in animals J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 A. Tidholm, G. Menciotti, M. Borgarelli
This review includes 36 studies of transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) in animals. Most of these studies concern cardiac chamber quantification of the left atrium and left ventricle, in dogs. Comparisons of RT3DE and different two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) methods have been reported in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), dilated cardiomyopathy
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Tricuspid atresia with atrial and ventricular septal defects in a kitten J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-12 I. Navalón, B. Coromoto Verdugo, M. Tursi
A 45-days-old mixed-breed female cat was referred to a veterinary specialty hospital for evaluation due to poor general condition, dyspnea of possible cardiac origin, and a heart murmur. The results of the physical examination, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography led to a diagnosis of hypotrophy of the right ventricle, tricuspid atresia, and atrial septal defect. Cardiovascular pathological
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Comparison of manual compression, Z-stitch, and suture-mediated vascular closure device techniques in dogs undergoing percutaneous transvenous intervention J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-11 A. Fabella, L.E. Markovic, A.E. Coleman
Introduction/objectives Manual compression has been standard of care for maintaining hemostasis after percutaneous endovascular intervention, but can be time-consuming and associated with vascular complications. Alternative closure methods include the figure-of-eight suture (Z-stitch) and vascular closure device (VCD) techniques. We hypothesized that compared to manual compression, Z-stitch and VCD
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Clinical presentation, echocardiographic findings, treatment strategies, and prognosis of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease presented with pericardial effusion due to suspected left atrial tear: a retrospective case–control study J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 A.A. Czech, T.M. Glaus, F. Testa, G. Romito, M. Baron Toaldo
Introduction/objectives Left atrial tear (LAT) is a life-threatening complication in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). The study objective was to describe clinical presentation, echocardiographic findings, treatment strategies, and survival in dogs with LAT compared to a control group of dogs with a similar stage of MMVD but no LAT. Animals and materials and methods two-center retrospective
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Veterinary echocardiographers' preferences for left atrial size assessment in dogs: the BENEFIT project J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 M.Y.-W. Kuo, J. Häggström, S.G. Gordon, K. Höglund, E. Côté, T.-L. Lu, M. Dirven, M. Rishniw, Y.-W. Hung, I. Ljungvall
Introduction/objectives Veterinary echocardiographers' preferences for left atrial (LA) size assessment in dogs have never been systematically investigated. The primary aim of this international survey study was to investigate echocardiographers' preferences for LA size assessment in dogs. The secondary aim was to investigate echocardiographers' preferences for assessing LA size in subgroups based
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Current use of cardiac MRI in animals J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 R.C. Fries
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has evolved to become an indispensable tool in human cardiology. It is a non-invasive technique that enables objective assessment of myocardial function, size, and tissue composition. Recent innovations in magnetic resonance imaging scanner technology and parallel imaging techniques have facilitated the generation of parametric mapping to explore tissue
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Frequency of arrhythmias detected in 9440 feline electrocardiograms by breed, age, and sex J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 D.A. Szlosek, E.L. Castaneda, D.A. Grimaldi, A.K. Spake, A.H. Estrada, J. Gentile-Solomon
Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of arrhythmias detected in unsedated feline patients from general practice settings. Animals A total 10,638 feline electrocardiograms (ECGs) were retrospectively collected of which 9440 met the inclusion criteria. Methods Recordings were evaluated by a board-certified cardiologist. If an arrhythmia was present in the ECG tracing, the
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Dilated cardiomyopathy of possible dietary origin in a cat J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 B. DuPerry, K.E. Lopez, J.E. Rush, B.R. Berridge, R.N. Mitchell, E.B. Breitschwerdt, L.M. Freeman
An 11-year-old spayed female domestic shorthaired cat was diagnosed with severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and congestive heart failure. The cat had been eating cat foods that were high in pulses (e.g. peas, lentils, chickpeas). Neither plasma nor whole blood taurine concentrations were deficient. Primary treatment included furosemide, pimobendan, and clopidogrel, and changing to diets that did not
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Veterinary echocardiographers' preferences for left atrial size assessment in cats: the BENEFIT project J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 M.Y.-W. Kuo, J. Häggström, S.G. Gordon, K. Höglund, E. Côté, T.-L. Lu, M. Dirven, M. Rishniw, Y.-W. Hung, I. Ljungvall
Introduction/objectives Veterinary echocardiographers' preferences for left atrial (LA) size assessment in cats have not been systematically investigated. The primary aim of this prospective exploratory study was to investigate echocardiographers' preferences concerning LA size assessment in cats. A secondary aim was to investigate echocardiographers' preferences for assessing LA size in subgroups
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Mitral annular disjunction and myxomatous mitral valve disease in a dog J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 N. Pereira
Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) has been defined as a structural abnormality with separation between the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve and the left atrial wall. It is commonly associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), mitral valve prolapse (MVP), ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death in humans, but has not been described in veterinary medicine despite the high prevalence
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a dog: a systematic diagnostic approach J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 J. Novo Matos, J. Silva, S. Regada, S. Rizzo, M. Serena Beato, C. Basso
A seven-year-old female neutered Parson Russel Terrier was referred for syncopal episodes. An electrocardiogram revealed paroxysmal atrial flutter followed by periods of sinus arrest, suggesting sick sinus syndrome. Echocardiography showed severe biventricular wall thickening (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype) with no signs of fixed or dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
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Use of physical examination, electrocardiography, radiography, and biomarkers to predict echocardiographic stage B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease in preclinical Cavalier King Charles Spaniels J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-07 S. Wesselowski, S.G. Gordon, R. Fries, A.B. Saunders, K.T. Sykes, J. Vitt, B. Boutet, J. Häggström, S. Kadotani, J. Stack, B.G. Barnett
Introduction Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are predisposed to developing myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Dogs with stage B2 MMVD benefit from medication. Objectives To develop (1) breed-specific cut-offs for individual screening tests and (2) predictive models utilizing physical examination (PE), ECG, radiograph, and blood-based biomarker variables in combination for identification
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Insulation break of the ventricular lead in a dog with a pacemaker J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 H.W. Jeong, G. Menciotti
A 10-year-old female spayed mixed breed dog that had a transvenous pacemaker implanted four years prior was presented for the evaluation of episodes of transient loss of consciousness without any history of trauma that were unresponsive to anticonvulsant therapies. Intermittent failure to capture coupled with low impedance and high capture threshold were noted upon interrogation of the pacemaker. Radiography
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Isolated discrete upper septal thickening in a non-referral cat population of senior and young cats J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 J. Novo Matos, J.R. Payne, J. Mullins, V. Luis Fuentes
Introduction/objectives Discrete upper septal thickening (DUST) is a phenotype of elderly people. The cardiac phenotype in senior cats has been incompletely described. We aimed to characterize the echocardiographic phenotype of senior cats, specifically to determine prevalence of DUST and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Animals One hundred and forty-nine healthy, normotensive cats. Materials and
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Myocardial plasma cell tumor with intratumoral amyloidosis in a dog J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 K. Alessandrino, S.S. Tjostheim, K.M. Flynn, C. Cole, S. Aschenbroich
A 12-year-old mixed breed dog was evaluated for marked hypercalcemia that was identified during assessment for acute polydipsia and polyuria. Physical examination identified a new grade II/VI left apical systolic murmur. A mass involving the left ventricular posterior wall and left atrium was identified by echocardiography, suggesting neoplastic invasion into the myocardium. The patient was euthanized
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Successful balloon angioplasty in a cat with unilateral left pulmonary artery branch stenosis J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 J. Ryave, R.A. Sanders, T. Gunasekaran
A 9-month-old intact male Ragdoll cat was presented for evaluation of a left-sided systolic murmur that was first auscultated during examination for a newly developed cough. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a narrowed left pulmonary artery and an increase in flow velocities at the level of the narrowing, consistent with left pulmonary artery branch stenosis. The right pulmonary artery appeared
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Echocardiographic reference intervals of the dimensions of the main pulmonary artery and the right pulmonary artery: a prospective study in 269 healthy dogs J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 G. Grosso, R. Tognetti, O. Domenech, F. Marchesotti, V. Patata, T. Vezzosi
Introduction No data are available on the echocardiographic reference intervals (RIs) for the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and right pulmonary artery (RPA) dimensions in a large sample of dogs. Therefore, we aimed to describe the echocardiographic RIs of the MPA and RPA dimensions in normal dogs. Animals, materials, and methods 269 healthy dogs of different breeds, age and body weight (BW) were prospectively
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Transient myocardial thickening: a retrospective analysis on etiological, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and outcome findings in 27 cats J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 G. Romito, A. Elmi, C. Guglielmini, H. Poser, C. Valente, P. Castagna, C. Mazzoldi, M. Cipone
Introduction/objective Transient myocardial thickening (TMT) in cats is a poorly characterized clinical entity. Therefore, this study aimed to provide descriptions of additional cats diagnosed with this clinical phenomenon. Animals, materials, and methods For this multicenter observational retrospective study, cats diagnosed with TMT were searched in three medical databases. TMT was defined for cats
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Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and a concurrent patent ductus arteriosus in a Doberman J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-20 G. Mampaey, E. Stock, K. Kromhout, L. Stammeleer, T. Roggeman, P. Smets
A 7-week-old male Doberman presented with tachypnea, dyspnea and a VI/VI, left cranial, continuous heart murmur. Thoracic radiographs revealed severe left-sided cardiomegaly, presence of a rounded soft tissue opacity in the caudodorsal aspect of the thoracic cavity and signs of left-sided congestive heart failure. Clinical signs of heart failure were medically controlled. Echocardiography and computed
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Diagnostic value of two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of the pulmonary artery diameter and the pulmonary artery distensibility index to detect pulmonary hypertension in horses J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 A. Ferraro, S. Hartnack, C.C. Schwarzwald
Introduction/objectives Echocardiographic diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in horses is usually based on Doppler interrogation of tricuspid (TR) or pulmonic regurgitation (PR). This study aimed at investigating two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) variables, including pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) and pulmonary artery distensibility index (PADI), to diagnose PH. Animals, materials and
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Giant right atrial aneurysm associated with persistent left cranial vena cava in a cat J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 C.L. Block, N.M. Tong
A 10-month-old female spayed Scottish Fold was referred to cardiology for incidental radiographic cardiomegaly. Echocardiography was suspicious for a right atrial or right auricular aneurysm. The differential diagnosis also included peritoneal–pericardial diaphragmatic hernia, mass lesion (cyst, granuloma, or neoplasia), or cardiac malformation. A giant right atrial aneurysm associated with a persistent
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Surgical correction of an infundibular pulmonic stenosis and ventricular septal defect in a Shetland Sheepdog J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 G. Mampaey, T. Bové, F. De Somer, N. Devriendt, S. Bouchez, T. Bosmans, L. Stammeleer, J. Panzer, A. Hellemans, P. Smets
A four-month-old male Shetland Sheepdog presented with exercise intolerance. Physical examination revealed an IV/VI left cranial systolic heart murmur. Echocardiography showed a severe infundibular pulmonic stenosis and a concomitant restrictive ventricular septal defect. As clinical signs of congestive right-sided heart failure worsened and were refractory to medical treatment, surgical correction
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Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping for guidance of pulmonary vein isolation as treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation in a dog J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 A. Hellemans, M. Duytschaever, G. Van Steenkiste, G. van Loon, G. Mampaey, T. Bosmans, E. Stock, M. Skotarek, P. Smets
A two-year and four-month, male German Shepherd was referred for exercise intolerance and panting. Irregular heart auscultation (250 beats per minute (bpm)) and pulse deficits were noted on physical exam. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed irregular, narrow-QRS tachycardia without P waves compatible with coarse atrial fibrillation (AF). A 24-h ECG showed sustained AF (mean ventricular response rate 92
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Pacemaker-lead-associated thrombosis in dogs: a multicenter retrospective study J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 C. McGrath, A. Dixon, C. Hirst, E.F. Bode, T. DeFrancesco, R. Fries, S. Gordon, D. Hogan, Y. Martinez Pereira, E. Mederska, S. Ostenkamp, K.T. Sykes, J. Vitt, S. Wesselowski, J.R. Payne
Introduction Pacemaker implantation is the treatment of choice for clinically relevant bradyarrhythmias. Pacemaker-lead-associated thrombosis (PLAT) occurs in 23.0–45.0% of people with permanent transvenous pacemakers. Serious thromboembolic complications are reported in 0.6–3.5%. The incidence of PLAT in dogs is unknown. Animals, materials and methods multicenter retrospective study of seven centers
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Galectin-3 as a novel biomarker in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Jonathan P. Stack, Ryan C. Fries, Leah Kruckman, Saki Kadotani, Gabrielle Wallace
Introduction/Objectives Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a circulating biomarker of fibrosis. In humans, increased Gal-3 is predictive of myocardial fibrosis and adverse cardiac events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for Gal-3 as a cardiac biomarker in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Materials and methods Eighty cats were enrolled (25 healthy cats with normal hearts, 35 with
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Budd-Chiari-like syndrome in a dog secondary to a gunshot wound treated with balloon angioplasty and endovascular stent placement J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-17 E.A. Martin, J.A. Solomon, J.J. Karnia, S.B. Leach
A 6-year-old female spayed Chihuahua mix presented with chronic recurrent ascites. Computed tomographic angiography revealed an isolated stenosis of the caudal vena cava secondary to a metallic foreign body, resulting in Budd-Chiari-like syndrome. Balloon angioplasty and endovascular stent placement successfully resolved the obstruction with long-term resolution of ascites.
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Differences in Left Ventricular Enlargement Secondary to Chronic Volume Loading Between English Springer Spaniels and Two Similar Sporting Breeds J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 D. Dickson, E. Bode, C. Linney, E. Dutton, D. Caivano, T. Bispo, J. Harris, M. Rishniw
Introduction English springer spaniels have larger, rounder ventricles than most other breeds. How this geometry impacts responses to volume overload remains unknown. We compared left ventricular size between English springer spaniels and two similarly sized sporting breeds (Border collies and Labrador retrievers) in naturally occurring chronic left ventricular volume loading conditions (mitral regurgitation
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Advanced imaging in an adult dog with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and extensive collateral coronary circulation J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-25 A. Molli, S. Wesselowski, A.B. Saunders, S.G. Gordon
A three-year-old, spayed female, Bichon Frise was diagnosed with an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, a rare congenital coronary artery defect which has only been reported in two other dogs. Echocardiography was initially performed, though the final diagnosis was made with angiography and computed tomography angiography. An extensive network of collateral coronary
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Echocardiographic caudal vena cava measurements in healthy cats and in cats with congestive heart failure and non-cardiac causes of cavitary effusions J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 L.Z. Barron, T.C. DeFrancesco, Y.-Y. Chou, J.D. Bonagura, M.A. Tropf, S.D. Murphy, A.K. McManamey, L. Yuan, J.P. Mochel, J.L. Ward
Background Echocardiographic indices of the inferior vena cava have been associated with elevated right atrial pressures in humans. Hypothesis/objectives Describe caudal vena caval (CVC) sonographic dimensions in healthy cats compared to cats with cardiogenic cavitary effusion (CCE), cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE), or non-cardiac causes of cavitary effusion (NCE). Animals 30 healthy control cats
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Presumed primary cardiac mast cell tumor, pericardial effusion, and arrhythmia in a dog J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 Elizabeth A. Wiley, Julie H. Choi, Pamela J. Mouser, Patty J. Ewing, Katherine M. Hogan
A 13-year-old female spayed border collie cross presented for pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, and a suspected cardiac mass. Echocardiogram revealed severe thickening and hypokinesis of the interventricular septum with a heterogenous, cavitated myocardium, concerning for neoplasia. Electrocardiogram revealed predominantly accelerated idioventricular rhythm with frequent periods of nonsustained ventricular
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Acquired infundibular pulmonary stenosis associated with a congenital membranous ventricular septal defect (Gasul phenomenon) in a dog and discussion regarding causes of infundibular stenosis J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 D. Schrope
An aclinical Havanese dog was diagnosed with a membranous restrictive ventricular septal defect. The patient was represented later in their natural history due to the development of syncope. At that time the patient was diagnosed with acquired pulmonary infundibular stenosis. Balloon dilation of the stenosis was performed successfully twice over the patient's lifetime. The patient died suddenly approximately
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Association of sotalol versus atenolol therapy with survival in dogs with severe subaortic stenosis J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-06 S.S. Tjostheim, A. Showers, C. Obernberger, M. Shear
Introduction/objectives Dogs with severe subaortic stenosis (SAS) are at risk of dying suddenly from fatal arrhythmias. Survival is not improved when treated with pure beta-adrenergic receptor (β)-blockers; however, the effect of other antiarrhythmic drugs on survival is unknown. Sotalol is both a β-blocker and a class III antiarrhythmic drug; the combination of these differing mechanisms may provide
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Surgical repair of an unroofed coronary sinus in a dog J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 T. Shin, S. Shimamura, S. Hirata, C. Kodera, S. Komai, H. Tani
A 5-year-old, 7.9 kg castrated male Miniature Dachsund presented with heart enlargement on radiography. The dog was asymptomatic. Echocardiography revealed a tubular structure running along the posterior wall of the left atrium and connecting to the right atrium on the caudal side of the left atrium and annulus, which was presumed to be a dilated coronary sinus. After confirming a shunt between the
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Resolution of congestive heart failure and reverse remodeling in two Chihuahuas with flail mitral valve leaflets J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 S. Wesselowski
Development of a flail mitral valve (MV) leaflet secondary to ruptured chordae tendineae in the setting of myxomatous mitral valve disease is a known complication of the disease that often results in severe mitral regurgitation. Two cases are presented in which a flail anterior MV leaflet caused severe mitral regurgitation and led to the development of congestive heart failure in male castrated Chihuahuas
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Ventricular pre-excitation in cats: 17 cases J. Vet. Cardiol. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 M. Sidler, G. Santarelli, A. Kovacevic, J. Novo Matos, N. Schreiber, M. Baron Toaldo
Objectives Atrioventricular accessory pathways are abnormal electrical connections between the atria and ventricles that predispose to ventricular pre-excitation (VPE) and tachycardias. Animals Seventeen cats with VPE and 15 healthy matched-control cats. Material and methods Multicenter case-control retrospective study. Clinical records were searched for cats with VPE, defined as preserved atrioventricular