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Real-world experience with CDK4-6 inhibition in the old and oldest old with a diagnosis of breast cancer Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Paula Sobrini-Morillo, Christine Ravot, Chloé Herlédan, Carmen Sánchez-Castellano, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Claire Falandry
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CAR T-cell therapy: A collaboration between authorized treatment centers and community oncologists Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Michael R. Bishop, Gary E. Kay
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PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-14 Ian S. Goldlust, Elena Guidice, Jung-min Lee
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) were first approved for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), where as a maintenance therapy they transformed clinical management of this disease in both patients with and without homologous recombination deficiency. In this review, we provide a historical overview of PARPi use in EOC and discuss recent updates on overall survival data, highlighting
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CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: Focus on toxicity and safety Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Demi Wekking, Matteo Lambertini, Mariele Dessì, Nerina Denaro, Fabio Bardanzellu, Ornella Garrone, Mario Scartozzi, Cinzia Solinas
The development of oral cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, including palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, has revolutionized the treatment landscape for patients with hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (BC). When combined with an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant, these agents have been approved
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Cancer genetic mutation prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa: A review of existing data Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Joshua Shain, Alissa Michel, Michael S. May, Lindor Qunaj, Wafaa El-Sadr, Wendy K. Chung, Paul S. Appelbaum, Judith S. Jacobson, Jessica Justman, Alfred I. Neugut
Background Cancer represents a leading cause of death worldwide. Germline mutations in several genes increase the risk of developing several cancers, including cancers of the breast, ovary, pancreas, colorectum, and melanoma. An understanding of the population prevalence of pathogenic germline mutations can be helpful in the design of public health interventions, such as genetic testing, which has
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Primary adrenal insufficiency induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: Biological, clinical, and radiological aspects Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Serafina Martella, Minke Lucas, Michele Porcu, Laura Perra, Nerina Denaro, Andrea Pretta, Giulia Deias, Karen Willard-Gallo, Hector Soto Parra, Luca Saba, Mario Scartozzi, Demi Wekking, Marleen Kok, Marco Maria Aiello, Cinzia Solinas
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become a cornerstone in medical oncology, continually evolving therapeutic strategies and applications. These monoclonal antibodies, designed to enhance immune responses, have revealed a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). While many irAEs exhibit favorable responses to corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy, most ICI-related endocrinopathies
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Beyond BRCA: Diagnosis and management of homologous recombination repair deficient pancreatic cancer Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 M. LaRose, G.A. Manji, S.E. Bates
Approximately 4%–7% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are found to harbor deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2. Loss of function of BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 results in deficiency in homologous recombination repair (HRR), a critical DNA repair pathway, and confers sensitivity to certain DNA damaging agents, including platinum chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors. The
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Immune-checkpoint inhibitors in anal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Laura Pala, Tommaso De Pas, Erika Stucchi, Chiara Catania, Emilia Cocorocchio, Maria Giulia Zampino, Giovanna Rossi, Emma Zattarin, Antonio Di Muzio, Daniele Laszlo, Sara Stucchi, Fabio Conforti
Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare tumor. While most patients with locally advanced disease are cured with chemo-radiotherapy, about a quarter eventually experience metastatic recurrence. Standard treatment for advanced disease is chemotherapy, but recently evidence on the activity of immunotherapy has been reported. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis
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PARP inhibitors: A review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacogenetics Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-14 Yi Zeng, Oluwatobi Arisa, Cody J. Peer, William D. Figg, Antonio Fojo
PARP inhibitors have emerged as a promising class of anticancer agents approved for the treatment of ovarian, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. These inhibitors target PARP enzymes involved in DNA repair pathways and exhibit remarkable efficacy in cancers with genetic deficiencies in the homologous recombination pathway responsible for mending DNA double-strand breaks. While all PARP inhibitors
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PARP inhibitors for prostate cancer Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Ossian Longoria, Nick Beije, Johann S. de Bono
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have transformed the treatment landscape for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and alterations in DNA damage response genes. This has also led to widespread use of genomic testing in all patients with mCRPC. The current review will give an overview of (1) the current understanding of the interplay between DNA damage response
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Efficacy of memantine in preventing neurocognitive dysfunction induced by radiation therapy in patients with brain metastases: A systematic review of clinical trials Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-16 Haripriya Parapparambil Surendran, Sujit Kumar Sah, Dhanya Mary Louis, Sruthi Kalavagunta, Narmadha Mukunthu Poornachary, Selin Chiriyankandath Joy, Debnarayan Dutta
Purpose About 50%–90% of patients with brain metastases who receive radiation therapy experience cognitive impairment. This systematic review aims to gather credible sources of comprehensive information on the efficacy of memantine in preventing cognitive dysfunction. Methods A comprehensive review conducted in compliance with the PRISMA statement and systematic search was performed across five databases
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Practice change: No benefit of extended lymphadenectomy at radical cystectomy in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Omar Fahmy, Maxim Kochergin, Anastasios D. Asimakopoulos, Georgios Gakis
For many decades, extended pelvic lymph node dissection has been an integral part during radical cystectomy for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. This practice was based on large retrospective meta-analyses suggesting an oncologic benefit to an extended dissection. This mini review and meta-analysis includes the two available randomized trials in the current literature. Therefore, it can
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Bone-modifying agents for non–small-cell lung cancer patients with bone metastases during the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A narrative review Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Jinyoung Kim, Chaiho Jeong, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Ki-Hyun Baek, Seohyun Kim, Tai Joon An, Chan Kwon Park, Hyoung Kyu Yoon, Jeong Uk Lim
During the course of lung cancer progression, bone metastases occur in about 40% of patients. Common complications associated with bone metastases in lung cancer patients include musculoskeletal pain, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia. We discuss the efficacy of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) in reducing skeletal-related events (SREs) and improving cancer-related outcomes
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PARP1 roles in DNA repair and DNA replication: The basi(c)s of PARP inhibitor efficacy and resistance Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Petar-Bogomil Kanev, Aleksandar Atemin, Stoyno Stoynov, Radoslav Aleksandrov
Genome integrity is the subject of constant insult from endogenous and exogenous sources. In order to cope, eukaryotic cells have evolved an elaborate network of DNA repair factors that accommodate diverse lesion types and exhibit considerable functional redundancy. PARP1 is a major sensor of DNA breaks with established and putative roles in a number of pathways within the DNA repair network, including
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Oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs): The new emperors in breast cancer clinical practice? Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-26 Antonella Ferro, Daniele Generali, Orazio Caffo, Alessia Caldara, Delia De Lisi, Mariachiara Dipasquale, Martina Lorenzi, Sara Monteverdi, Palma Fedele, Yari Ciribilli
Endocrine therapy (ET) targeting estrogen receptor (ER) signaling is still the mainstay treatment option for early or advanced ER-positive breast cancer (BC) and may involve suppressing estrogen production by means of aromatase inhibitors or directly blocking the ER pathway through selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen or selective estrogen receptor degraders such as fulvestrant
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Overcoming barriers to opioid-induced constipation management in cancer patients Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Esther Holgado Martín, Ana Blasco Cordellat, Marta Guix Arnau, Rosa Villatoro Roldán, Almudena Sanz Yagüe, Diana Monge Martín, Fernando Caballero Martínez, Francisco J. Campos Lucas, Almudena García Castaño
Purpose Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common adverse effect of opioid therapy. We aim to identify the main barriers hindering clinical recommendations implementation and propose consensus solutions to improve OIC control in cancer patients. Methods Following collaborative and prioritization techniques, a scientific committee generated statements addressing possible barriers to optimal OIC
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NTRK fusion-positive cancer in nonagenarian patient. The importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment in older people for the inclusion in clinical trials Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Patricia López Pardo, Miguel Soria Tristán, Mercedes Margarita Cavanagh Podesta, Santos Enrech Francés
Abstract not available
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The flaws in assessing and reporting the toxicities of oral targeted therapies: Everolimus as an example. Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Tito Fojo
Abstract not available
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Acute liver failure secondary to malignant infiltration: A single center experience Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Rocío González Grande, Ana Bravo Aranda, Inmaculada Santaella Leiva, Susana López Ortega, Miguel Jiménez Pérez
Acute liver failure (ALF) requires early and very precise treatment decisions for a diagnosis that is not often easy and may lead to erroneous decisions. Accordingly, we undertook a review of ALF secondary to malignant infiltration given the rarity of the condition, plus its singularity and therapeutic implications. This review should aid in establishing future frameworks for action. Analyze cases
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Bleeding risk with concomitant administration of VEGF-TKIs and anticoagulant agents Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Melina Verso, Andres Munoz, Giancarlo Agnelli
Anti-cancer treatment is considered an independent risk factor for emergent bleeding during anticoagulant treatment in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis. This increased bleeding risk is perceived as major concern particularly when tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the vascular endothelial derived growth factor receptor (VEGFR-TKIs) are co-administered with anticoagulants. We evaluated
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Successful restoration of checkpoint inhibitors efficacy after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant for classic Hodgkin lymphoma patients Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Riad El Fakih, Abdulwahab A. Albabtain, Saud Alhayli, Khawlah Farhan, Walid Rasheed, Alfadel Alshaibani, Naeem Chaudhri, Mahmoud Aljurf
Background Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a highly-curable disease. However, relapses after bone marrow transplant are challenging especially relapses after allogeneic transplant. Methods A retrospective chart review of the institution transplant database to summarize the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) use for cHL relapses postallo-HCT in patients who already failed to derive
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Epidemiology and genetics of early onset colorectal cancer—African overview with a focus on Ethiopia Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Chimaobi Anugwom, Grace Braimoh, Amir Sultan, Willie Mohammed Johnson, Jose D. Debes, Abdulsemed Mohammed
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with high rates of late diagnosis and increased mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, there is an alarming uptrend in the incidence of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) across the globe, thus necessitating the need for early screening in general and special populations. There is, however, limited data available
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Outcomes with panobinostat in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma patients Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-24 Darren Pan, Tarek H. Mouhieddine, Ranjan Upadhyay, Nicole Casasanta, Angela Lee, Nicole Zubizarreta, Erin Moshier, Joshua Richter
Panobinostat is an oral pan histone-deacetylase inhibitor used in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Previously published studies of panobinostat demonstrated synergy with bortezomib but included few patients exposed to newer agent combinations (ie, panobinostat plus daratumumab or carfilzomib). Here, we report outcomes of panobinostat-based combinations at an academic medical
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Cancer stage and time from cancer diagnosis to first treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-22 Diego Rodrigues Mendonça e Silva, Gisele Aparecida Fernandes, Ivan Leonardo Avelino França e Silva, Maria Paula Curado
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted cancer care and the diagnosis of new cases of cancer. We analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cancer by comparing the number of newly diagnosed cases, cancer stage, and time to treatment in 2020 with those in 2018, 2019, and 2021. A retrospective cohort of all cancer cases treated at A.C. Camargo Cancer Center in
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Battling chronic myeloid leukemia in a resource-constrained country: A case of public-private partnerships Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Rabbia Tariq, Irtebaat Fatima, Muhammad H. Shahid, Samiuddin Tariq, Faizan Niaz, Syed M. Hussain
Pakistan, where chronic myeloid leukemia constitutes around 80% of all myeloproliferative disorders, has been exploring multiple avenues in order to ensure the accessibility and affordability of imatinib and nilotinib. While most provinces of the country have joined hands with a pharmaceutical company to dispense free anti-CML medicines as part of a public-private partnership, the patients are still
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Non-pharmacologic interventions for improving cancer-related fatigue (CRF): A systematic review of systematic reviews and pooled meta-analysis Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Silvia Belloni, Cristina Arrigoni, Irene Baroni, Gianluca Conte, Federica Dellafiore, Greta Ghizzardi, Arianna Magon, Giulia Villa, Rosario Caruso
Introduction Literature encloses numerous systematic reviews (SRs) on nonpharmacologic interventions for improving cancer-related fatigue (CRF). The effect of these interventions remains controversial, and the available SRs have not been synthesized yet. We conducted a systematic synthesis of SRs and meta-analysis to determine the effect of nonpharmacologic interventions on CRF in adults. Material
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Improved outcomes in women with BRAF-mutant melanoma treated with BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy across randomized clinical trials. A systematic review and meta-analysis Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Laura Pala, Tommaso De Pas, Eleonora Pagan, Saverio Minucci, Chiara Catania, Nunzio Digiacomo, Emilia Cocorocchio, Daniele Laszlo, Antonio Di Muzio, Chiara Barigazzi, Erika Stucchi, Laura De Grandi, Sara Stucchi, Giuseppe Viale, Richard D. Gelber, Vincenzo Bagnardi, Fabio Conforti
Available evidence suggests that in patients with advanced BRAF V600-mutant melanoma treated with the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors, gender could be associated with survival outcome. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) testing the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors, to assess the interaction between treatment effect and patients’
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Tumor testing and treatment patterns in veterans with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Anna Hung, Danielle Candelieri, Yanhong Li, Patrick Alba, Brian Robison, Fatai Agiri, Cristina Perez, Kyung-Min Lee, Kara N. Maxwell, Weiyan Li, Himani Aggarwal, Kathryn Pridgen, Shelby D. Reed, Scott DuVall, Yu-Ning Wong, Julie A. Lynch
Introduction In 2016, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) began a partnership to improve access to testing. The primary objective of this analysis was to describe the use of tumor testing and treatment patterns in Veterans who progressed to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) from 2016 to 2021. Secondary objectives including identifying factors
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Is the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio a prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy? Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-06 David Smith, Micaela Raices, Federico Cayol, Franco Corvatta, Lucas Caram, Agustín Dietrich
Inflammation plays a key role in malignant tumor progression. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation and, as such, high isolated pretreatment NLR has been shown in some studies to be associated with worse long-term outcomes. We summarize the data regarding the utility of NLR as a prognosis factor and present results of a single institution study assessing the usefulness
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Synchronous or metachronous presentation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor versus secondary lesion to pancreas in patients affected by renal cell carcinoma. Systematic review Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-02 Irene Persano, Elena Parlagreco, Anna La Salvia, Marco Audisio, Marco Volante, Consuelo Buttigliero, Giorgio Vittorio Scagliotti, Maria Pia Brizzi
The simultaneous or metachronous occurrence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (panNET) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may represent a rare coincidence or a manifestation of von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). These two malignancies share both radiological and cytopathological features, making the differential diagnosis very challenging. In this review, we collected all cases of concurrent diagnosis of
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Airway disorders associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Two case reports and a systematic review Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-02 Naoki Kawakami, Hiroaki Saito, Susumu Takahashi, Shinpei Kajie, Rina Kato, Kazuhiro Shimaya, Yoko Wakai, Kazuhito Saito, Mai Sakashita
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are widely used for the treatment of various malignant neoplasms. Interstitial lung disease is a well-known immune-related adverse event, however, ICI-induced airway disease remains under-recognized. Herein, we report two similar cases of pembrolizumab-induced tracheobronchitis presenting as persistent chronic cough and dyspnea. Blood tests revealed elevated C-reactive
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Predictors of treatment refusal in patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-29 Yoshan Moodley, Kumeren Govender, Jacqueline van Wyk, Seren Reddy, Yuming Ning, Steven Wexner, Laura Stopforth, Shona Bhadree, Vasudevan Naidoo, Shakeel Kader, Shalen Cheddie, Alfred I. Neugut, Ravi P. Kiran
This systematic review was conducted to investigate predictors of treatment refusal in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. An understanding of these predictors would inform statistical models for the identification of high-risk patients who might benefit from interventions that seek to improve treatment compliance. We performed a search of PubMed and Scopus to identify potentially relevant studies on
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From doctors to ancillary staff: Regional and metropolitan cancer workforce perceptions and distress resulting from COVID-19 pandemic adaptations Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Natasha A. Roberts, Elizabeth Ahern, Anita Pelecanos, Harry Gasper, Bryan Chan, Zarnie Lwin
Introduction The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in necessary and rapid changes to health service delivery. In the Australian context, it has been broadly identified that these impacts have been felt by health care workers (HCW) providing care. We aimed to capture oncology HCW perceptions of support, stress, personal ability to meet needs and institutional preparedness across longitudinal
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A narrative review of the principal glucocorticoids employed in cancer Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Nerina Denaro, Ornella Garrone, Annamaria Morelli, Benedetta Pellegrino, Marco Carlo Merlano, Denise Vacca, Josie Pearce, Daniele Farci, Antonino Musolino, Mario Scartozzi, Chiara Tommasi, Cinzia Solinas
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a pharmacological class of drugs widely used in oncology in both supportive and palliative settings. GCs differentially impact organs with immediate and long-term effects; with suppressive effect on the immune system anchoring their use to manage the toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In addition, GCs are often used in the management of symptoms related to
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The challenges of selecting cancer medicines for the WHO Essential Medicines List with the elephant in the room: A path forward Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-26 Tito Fojo
Abstract not available
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Dexamethasone to prevent everolimus-induced stomatitis (Alliance MIST Trial: A221701) Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-17 Kathryn J. Ruddy, David Zahrieh, Jun He, Blake Waechter, Julianne L. Holleran, Lionel D. Lewis, Selina Chow, Jan Beumer, Matthias Weiss, Nikolaos Trikalinos, Bryan Faller, Maryam Lustberg, Hope S. Rugo, Charles Loprinzi
mTOR inhibitors such as everolimus may cause oral stomatitis, often a dose-limiting toxicity. Prior clinical research has suggested that a dexamethasone mouth rinse might help prevent and/or treat this. Alliance A221701 was a randomized phase III trial of patients initiating 10 mg daily oral everolimus that compared dexamethasone mouthwash taken preventively (initial dexamethasone group) versus therapeutically
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Prevalence, mutational spectrum and clinical implications of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in plasma cell dyscrasias Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Stefano Testa, Jyoti Kumar, Alex J. Goodell, James L. Zehnder, Kevin M. Alexander, Surbhi Sidana, Sally Arai, Ronald M. Witteles, Michaela Liedtke
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Lung Cancer Screening and Precision Oncology Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-27 Susan E. Bates
Abstract not available
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IO-IO vs IO-TKI efficacy in metastatic kidney cancer patients: A structured systematic review over time Semin. Oncol. (IF 4.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-23 Benedikt Hoeh, Rocco Simone Flammia, Lukas Hohenhorst, Gabriele Sorce, Andrea Panunzio, Stefano Tappero, Zhe Tian, Fred Saad, Michele Gallucci, Alberto Briganti, Carlo Terrone, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Markus Graefen, Derya Tilki, Alessandro Antonelli, Marina Kosiba, Luis A. Kluth, Andreas Becker, Felix K.H. Chun, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Multiple systemic immune-oncology (IO) combination therapies have demonstrated overall survival (OS) benefits in metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, the magnitude of benefits over time has not been compared in a structured fashion. To assess OS and progression free survival (PFS) efficacy as reflected by hazard ratios [HR]) according to the duration of follow-up over time for each