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Relationship Between Human FCγRIIA rs1801274 G Allele and Risk of Death Among Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Nazanin Moghaddam,Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi,Sina Moghaddam,Fatemeh Sakhaee,Iraj Ahmadi,Enayat Anvari,Abolfazl Fateh
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019 and spread very quickly across the world. Different responses to infections have been related to fragment crystallizable gamma-receptor II alpha (FcγRIIA) polymorphisms. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if FCγRIIA rs1801274 polymorphism was
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Development of a Recombinant Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Antibodies Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Yu Zhang,Zongxi Han,Huixin Li,Shengwang Liu
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a gammacoronavirus within the Coronaviridae family, is an economically important etiological disease agent in chickens. Both early diagnosis and determination of the immune status of chickens are important for controlling IBV outbreaks in chicken flocks. The N protein is the most abundantly expressed virus-derived protein during IBV infection and can induce a strong
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Characterization of Pre-Existing Neutralizing Antibody to Human Adenovirus Types 5 and 49 and Simian Type 23 in Chinese Population. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Peng Zou,Qi Wang,Panli Zhang,Shengxue Luo,Cong Wang,Enhui Zhang,Ling Zhang,Chengyao Li,Tingting Li
Recombinant adenovirus vector has been widely used in vaccine development. Due to the pre-existing immunity of human adenovirus type 5 (HAd5) in humans, a range of rare human and chimpanzee adenovirus vectors have been developed. In the previous study, we constructed novel adenovirus vector Sad23L and Ad49L based on simian adenovirus type 23 (SAd23) and human adenovirus type 49 (HAd49), which were
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Expression Pattern of Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase and Serum Level of 25-Hydroxycholesterol and Relevant Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Varying Disease Severity of COVID-19. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Mona Roozbehani,Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh,Hossein Keyvani,Fatemeh Nejati,Sharareh Soleymani,Leila Mousavizadeh
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and its product 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) showed antiviral effects against various viruses in vitro. CH25H expression is regulated in mice by pro-inflammatory cytokine interferons (IFNs) in mice but data on its possible correlation with IFNs in humans are still unclear. We examined gene expression of CH25H, IFN-α, and IFN-β and serum levels of 25HC in Iranian patients
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Proinflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Both Mild Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-Infected Egyptian Individuals and a Proposed Relationship to Post-COVID-19 Sequela. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Mahmoud M Bahgat,Rola Nadeem,Mohamed H Nasraa,Khaled Amer,Wael A Hassan,Fadya M ELGarhy,Salem Reda,Dina N Abd-Elshafy
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with proinflammatory cytokine release as mediators of host antiviral response to the infection. Cytokine persistent elevation leads to post-Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) post-COVID-19 sequela (PCS) reported in about 60% of patients affecting individual's normal life after recovery. This study evaluates relationship
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Potent Antibody Response Elicited by a Third Booster Dose of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in Healthy Subjects. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Ruili Ji,Jiaqi Zhang,Dan Liang,Hongbing Quan,Yue Wu,Aiping Peng,Weili Li,Shaofang Lu,Xuedong Zhang,Changwen Ke,Dawei Wang,Jianhua Xu
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine has been used worldwide on a large scale because of its potent ability to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the antibody response induced by the vaccine needs to be elucidated. Thus, we conducted a prospective trial in healthy subjects to observe the antibody response after three doses of inactivated
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Toll-Like Receptors 7/8: A Paradigm for the Manipulation of Immunologic Reactions for Immunotherapy. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Fang Li,Biao Song,Wei-Feng Zhou,Li-Jin Chu
The innate immune system recognizes conserved features of viral and microbial pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one type of PRR used by the innate immune system to mediate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and promote innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR family members TLR7 and TLR8 (referred to as TLR7/8 from herein) are endosomal
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Epidemiologic Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.1.3 Variant and the Protection Provided By Inactivated Vaccination. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Taoyuan Li,Shaorong Wu,Jiaxiong Tan,Zhengyi Huang,Lijun Li,Wenzhi Luo,Yayun Wu,Jun Lyu,Xujing Liang
Omicron variants have become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants due to their increased transmissibility and immune-escape ability. An outbreak of the Omicron variant BA.5.1.3 occurred in August 2022 in Sanya, China. Studying Omicron variants can promote the understanding of them and further contribute to managing the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. This retrospective study analyzed the data of 258 patients with
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Altered Vitamin D Receptor Expression in Apa-I (rs7975232) Allelic Variants-A Probable Risk Factor for Susceptibility to Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Disease Progression. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Manash Jyoti Kalita,Simanta Kalita,Partha Pratim Das,Gautam Hazarika,Kalpajit Dutta,Ankur Jyoti Deka,Juchidananda Bhuyan,Md Ghaznavi Idris,Bikash Narayan Choudhury,Harpreet Kaur,Subhash Medhi
Vitamin D exerts its antiviral effect through vitamin D receptor (VDR)/retinoid X receptor-mediated host immunomodulation. Besides the downregulation of VDR expression, its polymorphism was also observed among hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive patients. To understand the possible link between VDR polymorphism and its altered expression during HBV infection and disease progression, VDR Apa-I [rs7975232
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Epstein Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: Is a Cure Possible? Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Rochelle Y Benoit,Craig S Moore
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Development of ELISA-Based Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 K P Mishra,Mrinalini Singh,Deepika Saraswat,Somnath Singh
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stimulates the plasma B cells to secrete specific antibodies against the viral antigen. However, not all antibodies can prevent the virus from entering the cells. The subpopulation of antibodies which blocks the entry of the virus into host cells is termed neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The gold standard test for the detection
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Comparison of Immunogenicity of Alum and MF59-Like Adjuvant Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Elderly Mice. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Shuang Bai,Yanli Kang,Weixin Chen,Hui Xie,Lichi Zhang,Min Lv,Jian Wang,Jiang Wu,Wei Zhao
The constant emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) challenges the effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines over time. This is most concerning in clinically vulnerable groups, such as older adults. This study aimed to determine whether the novel adjuvant MF59-like adjuvant can improve cross-immunity against VOCs in aged animals. We compared the humoral
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Hepatitis B Virus Envelope Antigen and Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Both Contribute to the Innate Immune Response During Persistent Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Jie-Min Zhang,Na-Ling Kang,Lu-Ying Wu,Da-Wu Zeng
This study aimed to investigate the changes of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), proinflammatory cytokine expression, hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), and hepatitis B virus envelope antigen (HBeAg) expression as well as innate immune cell percentages in a mouse model of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to better understand the innate immune response. Mouse models of persistent HBV
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Elevated Levels of Cytotoxicity, Cytokines, and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Mild Cases of COVID-19. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Miguel A Fernández-Rojas,Guillermina Ávila,Mirza Romero-Valdovinos,Tanya Plett-Torres,Ana María Salazar,Monserrat Sordo,Mariana Chávez-Vargas,Cesar Josué Coeto Ángeles,Mayra Cruz-Rivera,Carlos Santiago-Olivares,Juan Pablo Ramírez Hinojosa,Pablo Maravilla,Ana Flisser,Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman,Fela Mendlovic
Current evidence shows higher production of cytokines and antibodies against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in severe and critical cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison with patients with moderate or mild disease. A recent hypothesis proposes an important role of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the induction of the cytokine storm observed in some patients
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Effects of AIM2 and IFI16 on Infectious Diseases and Inflammation. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Zhen Fan,Rui Chen,Wen Yin,Xiaomei Xie,Shan Wang,Chunbo Hao
Both absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) are intracellular innate immune receptors that recognize double-stranded DNA released during pathogenic infection, leading to the assembly of the inflammasome. The assembly of the inflammasome results in the secretion of bioactive interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and induces cell death through an inflammatory process called pyroptosis
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Expression and Clinical Significance of Peripheral Blood IL-17A, IL-22, Tim-3, and gal-9 in Children with Infectious Mononucleosis. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Mengli Xu,Yuqin Li,Meng Cao,Yuewen Su,Zhenghua Ji,Weifang Zhou
To investigate the expression and clinical significance of peripheral blood interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, T cell immunoglobulin molecule-3 (Tim-3), and galectin-9 (gal-9) in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Peripheral blood of 54 children with IM (case group) was collected and divided into a liver damage group and a non-liver damage group. During the
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In Vivo Evidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Persistence in a Subset of Pulmonary Dendritic Cells Following a Primary Infection. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Angela M Fonceca,Jeff Lauzon-Joset,Naomi Scott,Philip A Stumbles,Deborah Strickland,Mark L Everard
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes annual epidemics of infections affecting the whole population. In vitro, it has been shown to infect and persist in human dendritic cells (DCs) for prolonged periods. Initially persistence is associated with low levels of replication before the virus becomes dormant. Reactivation of viral replication can be triggered many months later. Infection of DCs is likely
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Nanoadjuvants Produced by Advanced Nanochelating Technology in the Inactivated-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Vaccine Formulation: Preliminary Results on Cytokines and IgG Responses. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Somayeh Kalanaky,Saideh Fakharzadeh,Pegah Karimi,Maryam Hafizi,Hamidreza Jamaati,Seyed Mehdi Hassanzadeh,Akbar Khorasani,Mehdi Mahdavi,Mohammad Hassan Nazaran
Despite the great success of vaccines in various infectious diseases, most current vaccines are not effective enough, and on the contrary, clinically approved alum adjuvants cannot induce sufficient immune responses, including a potent cellular immune response to confer protection. In this study, we used Nanochelating Technology to develop novel nanoadjuvants to boost the potency of the alum-adjuvanted
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Clinical Significance of Evaluation of Monocytic Receptors in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Nermine Magdi Riad,Heba Adel AbdEl Ghaffar,Reem Raied Mansour,Walaa Abdel Fattah,Ahmed Khairy,Ayman Yosry,Naglaa Ali Zayed,Mariam Onsy F Hanna
Monocytes in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection play a critical role in chronic liver inflammation and fibrosis. We studied circulating monocytes and monocyte receptors in patients with HCV infection who were naive to treatment and those who received direct acting antiviral therapy and achieved sustained virological response. CD64+ CCR2+ (M1-like) and CD206+ CD163+ CX3CR1+ (M2-like) monocyte numbers
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Formulation of Recombinant H1N1 Hemagglutinin in MF59 and Alum Adjuvants: A Comparison of the Vaccines Potency and Efficacy in BALB/C Mice. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Aref Sepasi,Mehri Ghafourian,Morteza Taghizadeh,Mehdi Mahdavi
In this study, we reported the expression and potency of the recombinant H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine as our in-house vaccine in a BALB/c mouse model. Recombinant H1N1 HA was produced in SF9 cell line, purified and formulated in MF59 adjuvant. Experimental mice were injected on days 0 and 14 with MF59-formulated vaccine, alum-based vaccine, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Interleukin (IL)-2
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Immunoinformatics-Based Identification of the Conserved Immunogenic Peptides Targeting of Zika Virus Precursor Membrane Protein. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 Yogita Gupta,Manoj Baranwal,Bhupendra Chudasama
Zika virus infections lead to neurological complications such as congenital Zika syndrome and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Rising Zika infections in newborns and adults have triggered the need for vaccine development. In the current study, the precursor membrane (prM) protein of the Zika virus is explored for its functional importance and design of epitopes enriched conserved peptides with the usage of
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Differential Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with B Cell Lymphoma. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Yuki Hatayama,Kanako Watanabe,Hitomi Ichikawa,Koji Kawamura,Tetsuya Fukuda,Toru Motokura
Although cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are considered latent viruses, their reactivation occurs in immunosuppressed conditions. We previously reported that CMV and EBV are reactivated in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy and/or chemotherapy. This retrospective, single-center study aimed to determine the frequency of viral reactivation and clinical characteristics of
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Interleukin-4 Promotes Human Metapneumovirus Replication Through the JAK/STAT6 Pathway. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Yueyan Zhang,Guojin Wu,Yuting Yang,Linlin Niu,Yao Zhao
Respiratory virus infections are the main causes of pediatric diseases. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an enveloped RNA virus similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2, both of which have emerged as important new respiratory viruses. Recent studies have found that interleukin-4 (IL-4) is involved in the replication of a variety of viruses, and its role differs in different viruses
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Cross-Reactivity of HBe Antigen-Specific Polyclonal Antibody with HBc Antigen. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Maryam Hojatizadeh,Mohammad Mehdi Amiri,Maryam Mobini,Masoud Hassanzadeh Makoui,Mojgan Ghaedi,Somayeh Ghotloo,Kiana Peyghami,Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani,Forough Golsaz-Shirazi,Fazel Shokri
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem worldwide and causes almost one million deaths annually. The HBV core gene codes for two related antigens, known as core antigen (HBcAg) and e-antigen (HBeAg), sharing 149 residues but having different amino- and carboxy-terminals. HBeAg is a soluble variant of HBcAg and a clinical marker for determining the disease severity and patients'
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CD32 Expression by CD4+ T and CD8+ T Lymphocytes Is Increased in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Chun-Yan Yao,Zhao-Suo Hu,Run-Lin Yuan,Juan Jin,Zheng-Xu Chen
FcγR is expressed by many immune cells and plays an important role in the immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. CD32 belongs to the FcγR family. This study aimed to observe changes in CD32 expression by CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes in chronic HBV infection patients and evaluate the clinical utility of CD4+ T and CD8+ T CD32 expression to assess the severity of liver injury in chronic
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Immunity and Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Epstein-Barr Virus. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Yanqing Yao,Weijing Kong,Lijun Yang,Yingxue Ding,Hong Cui
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first human oncogenic virus to be identified, which evades the body's immune surveillance through multiple mechanisms that allow long-term latent infection. Under certain pathological conditions, EBVs undergo a transition from the latent phase to the lytic phase and cause targeted dysregulation of the host immune system, leading to the development of EBV-related diseases
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Longitudinal Observation of Immune Response for 23 Months in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients After Infection and Vaccination. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-05 Jingru Xu,Juan Zheng,Yan Tan,Jiaojiao Cai,Yao Xiang,Hua Ling,Zhifeng Li,Qunhua Bai
To better understand dynamic changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune response, a prospective, single-center, cohort study was conducted on longitudinal immune response in 34 COVID-19 convalescent patients over 23 months in Chongqing. Two blood samples from convalescent patients were collected, first sample collected during 10-13 months (M10-13) after infection
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Effect of Disease-Modifying Therapies on COVID-19 Vaccination Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Comprehensive Review. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-05 Elham Jamali,Shima Shapoori,Majid Reza Farrokhi,Sina Vakili,Davoud Rostamzadeh,Farideh Iravanpour,Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee,Morteza Jafarinia
According to current knowledge, the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is complex, involving genetic background as well as several environmental factors that result in dysimmunity in the central nervous system (CNS). MS is an immune-mediated, inflammatory neurological disease affecting the CNS. As part of its attack on the axons of the CNS, MS witnesses varying degrees of myelin and axonal
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Immunity in the Presence of Chronic or Repeated Infection. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Rodney S Russell
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Comparison of Achievements in the Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Five Provinces to Establish Herd Immunity in Indonesia in the Perspective of the New Public Service. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Asriadi,Dyah Mutiarin
This study aims to analyze the achievements of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in five provinces in Indonesia, North Maluku, West Sulawesi, Maluku, West Papua, and Papua. Furthermore, to establish herd immunity in the new normal perspective. Vaccination is important because it is an effective way to build immunity. This method uses qualitative research with a Qualitative Data Analysis
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The Imbalance Between Intestinal Th17 and Treg Cells Is Associated with an Incomplete Immune Reconstitution During Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with HIV. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Yun-Tian Guo,Xiao-Yan Guo,Li-Na Fan,Ze-Rui Wang,Meng-Meng Qu,Chao Zhang,Xing Fan,Jin-Wen Song,Bao-Peng Yang,Ji-Yuan Zhang,Ruonan Xu,Yan-Mei Jiao,Ping Ma,Yao-Kai Chen,Fu-Sheng Wang
Studies assessing the gut mucosal immune balance in HIV-infected patients using intestinal samples are scarce. In this study, we used intestinal mucosal specimens from the ileocecal region of seven immunological nonresponders (INRs), nine immunological responders (IRs), and six HIV-negative controls. We investigated T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cell counts and their ratio, zonula occludens-1
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Does COVID-19 Vaccination with BNT162b2 Influence HIV-Related Immunological and Virological Markers? Data from 235 Persons Living with HIV at Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy: Immune Response After Second and Third Doses, and Influence on Immunovirological Markers. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Francesco M Fusco,Maria Aurora Carleo,Nadia Sangiovanni,Maurizio D'Abbraccio,Orsola Tambaro,Francesco Borrelli,Rosaria Viglietti,Clarissa Camaioni,Vincenzo Bruner,Rosa Falanga,Raffaella Pisapia,Giulia Palmiero,Viviana Rizzo,Pietro Rosario,Nunzia Cuomo,Micaela Spatarella,Vincenzo Esposito,Vincenzo Sangiovanni
Few data are available on the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on CD4 counts and HIV-RNA in persons living with HIV (PLWH). We present the data of 235 PLWH who were vaccinated with BNT162b2 in March 2021-February 2022 at the "Cotugno" hospital in Naples. PLWH treated at the "Cotugno" hospital, who were vaccinated at the hospital vaccination center, without prior COVID-19 and for whom immunological/virological
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Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-Specific B Cell Memory Responses in Infected and Vaccinated Individuals. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Marco Fabiani,Katia Margiotti,Francesca Monaco,Antonella Viola,Antonella Cima,Alvaro Mesoraca,Claudio Giorlandino
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), rapidly resulted in a pandemic constituting a global health emergency. As an indicator of long-term immune protection from reinfection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the presence of memory B cells (MBCs) should be evaluated. Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, several variants of
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How Can We Predict Disease Severity in Viral Infections? Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Rodney S Russell
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Measles and Rubella Seroprevalence Among Children and Adolescents of Córdoba, Argentina: A Cross-Section Study in the Context of the Elimination Program. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Mauro Pedranti,María Beatriz Isa,María Inés Riberi,Gabriela Hernandez,Jimena Alfaro,Magdalena Tenaglia,María Belén Colazo Salbetti,Juan Javier Mladin,Silvia Nates,María Pilar Adamo
We determined anti-rubella and anti-measles immunoglobulin G (IgG) in 7- to 19-year-old children and adolescents with vaccine only-induced immunity of Córdoba, Argentina, during a 6-month period over 2021-2022. Of the 180 individuals studied, 92.2% and 88.3% were positive for anti-measles and anti-rubella IgG, respectively. No significant differences were found comparing anti-rubella IgG concentrations
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Association of Toll-Like Receptor 3 Polymorphisms with Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals in Xinjiang, China. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Xin Zhang,Xuefu Wu,Haili Wang,Yiyun Xu,Yi Li,Tao Chen,Tiejun Zhang
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response to pathogens, and TLR3 could recognize and control the herpesvirus. We studied the effect of TLR3 polymorphisms on the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. A cross-sectional study was performed among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Xinjiang, a KSHV-endemic region of China
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A Little on Innate Immunity and a Lot on Antibodies. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Rodney S Russell
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Re: "Association of the Interleukin 1B-31*C Proinflammatory Allele with the Severity of COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Report" by Galán-Huerta et al. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Amnuay Kleebayoon,Viroj Wiwanitkit
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A Seroprevalence Study on Residents in a Senior Care Facility with Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Heui Man Kim,Eun Ju Lee,Sang Won O,Yong Jun Choi,Hyeokjin Lee,Sae Jin Oh,Jeong-Min Kim,Ae Kyung Park,Jeong-Ah Kim,Chae Young Lee,Jong Mu Kim,Hanul Park,Young Joon Park,Jeong-Hee Yu,Eun-Young Kim,Hwa-Pyeong Ko,Eun-Jin Kim
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began spreading rapidly in the community in November 2021, becoming the dominant variant in the Republic of Korea in 2022. Although its pathogenesis in healthy individuals was low, the severity and hospitalization rate was higher in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. We aimed to investigate the immunogenicity
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Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Serum-Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Dependent on the Individual. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Jin Li,Li Zou,Shaojie Li,Ruogu Zou,Zhixiong Fang,Pingan Zhang,Huijun Li,Shanshan Wang,Dong Ke,Peng Gao,Cuicui Jin,Cong Fang,Ji Zhou,Ellen He,Sven Skog
We investigated the persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in serum (CoV-2-SNAb) against the "WH-Human 1" coronavirus in 57 convalescent persons from January 2020 to January 2021. The CoV-2-SNAb response against authentic "WH-Human 1" showed a significant (p < 0.01) neutralizing high effect (≥95%) in the following manner: by 94.7% neutralization for up to 6 months, by 73.1% for
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Peripheral Circulating Exosomal-miRNAs Potentially Mediate the Sensitivity to Interferon Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Patients. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Qiuju Huang,Xin Xiao,Xuerong Zhuang,Wenli Chen,Yanfang Huang,Jinyao Liao,Wensheng Wang,Ying Wang,Linlin Lu,Zhongqiu Liu,Jing Huang
Pegylated interferon alfa-2b (Peg-IFN α-2b), a first-line treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, can significantly achieve HBsAg clearance in clinic. However, only 30-40% of patients had achieved HBsAg clearance after Peg-IFN α-2b administration. The biological targets and the underline mechanisms that distinguish sensitive and insensitive populations to interferon therapy are still unclear
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Differential Expression Patterns of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 and Other Tryptophan and Arginine Catabolic Pathway Genes in Dengue Correlate with Clinical Severity-Pilot Study Results. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Soumya Jose,Roshni Jerome,Ajai Krishnan,Ozhiparambhil AnilKumar Jagan,Dongmei Li,Veena Menon
The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism can modulate inflammatory responses inducing immunotolerance or immunosuppressive effects. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Early aberrant inflammation is implicated in severe dengue, and herein we investigate and characterize the expression of IDO pathway genes in severe dengue patients. We use a SyBR green-based
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Lymphopenia with Altered T Cell Subsets in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Pune, India. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-10 Poonam Suryawanshi,Bhagyashri Takbhate,Prachi Athavale,Priyanka Jali,Nilam Memane,Shahzad Mirza,Mahesh Karandikar,Arjun L Kakrani,Shubhangi Kanitkar,Nageswari Gandham,Madhusudan S Barthwal,Sachin Dole,Sarika Chaturvedi,Sujata Pawale,Anuradha Tripathy,Jitendra S Bhawalkar,Srikanth Tripathy
The cellular immune cell subsets affecting COVID-19 disease severity are being studied by researchers from many countries. The current study was carried out to investigate the alteration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their subsets in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care center in Pune, India. The PBMCs were isolated from enrolled study participants, and flow cytometry
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Evaluation of an Immunoglobulin E Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Early Diagnosis of Dengue. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Carlos Machain-Williams,Guadalupe C Reyes-Solis,Bradley J Blitvich,Viridiana Laredo-Tiscareño,Alma R Dzul-Rosado,Sungmin Kim,Sazaly AbuBakar
Dengue virus (DENV) is the etiological agent of dengue, the most important mosquito-transmitted viral disease of humans worldwide. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) designed to detect DENV IgM are commonly used for dengue diagnosis. However, DENV IgM is not reliably detected until ≥4 days after illness onset. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can diagnose early dengue
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Dysregulation of T Cell Differentiation and the IL17A(+)Foxp3(+)Treg Subset in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Hepatitis Flare. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Le Thi Thuy Hang,Hoang Kim Tu Trinh,Luong Bac An,Nguyen Thi Tuyet,Phan Vinh Tho,Nguyen Tien Huy,Pham Thi Le Hoa
The regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells modulate the immune response in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by promoting immune tolerance and restricting liver damage or stimulating inflammatory response and rendering hepatocyte injury. These cells act through signaling transcription factors and secreting cytokines. We aimed to observe the percentages of Treg, Th17 cells, and their
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Comparison of T Lymphocyte Subsets and Natural Killer Lymphocytes in Moderate Versus Severe COVID-19 Patients. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Hala Gabr,Asmaa A Abdel Aal,Samah Bastawy,Mohamed Fateen,Omnia Y Abd El Dayem,Eman A Youssef,Rania Afifi,Mostafa Kamal
Severe respiratory involvement that follows a process of immune dysregulation and intense cytokine production remains to be the most dreaded complication of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. The aim of this study was to analyze T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes in moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 infection and assess their significance in disease severity and
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A New Antibody Binding Test for Potency Assessment of the Human Rabies Vaccine. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Li Miao,Xiaoli Wang,Chengshuang Zhao,Yanyu Li,Wei He,Yue Li,Jingzhi Zhang,Xiuzhi Xu,Xingfu Feng
This study established a new protocol of the antibody binding test to evaluate the potency of the rabies vaccine containing the final bulk and the product. The principle of this experiment is to combine rabies vaccine with quantitative anti-rabies virus neutralizing antibody. After combination, the remaining rabies vaccine is combined with the quantitative fluorescent labeled rabies virus. After this
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Asymptomatic COVID-19 Reinfection in a Pediatric Patient with Heterotaxy Syndrome. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Guliz Erdem,Clifford L Cua,Amrita Basu,Simon Lee,Amy Leber,Roshini S Abraham
We report an asymptomatic child with heterotaxy syndrome who had recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing. An aberrant lymphocyte population expressing CD19, CD16, and CD56 was identified; its phenotyping revealing atypical NK cells. This subset's role in protection from severe disease or in reinfection cannot be ascertained.
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Dengue Virus Increases the Expression of TREM-1 and CD10 on Human Neutrophils. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-22 Juan A Ruiz-Pacheco,E José Muñoz-Medina,Luis A Castillo-Díaz,Rommel Chacón-Salinas,Alejandro Escobar-Gutiérrez
Every year, dengue is responsible for 400 million infections worldwide. Inflammation is related to the development of severe forms of dengue. Neutrophils are a heterogeneous cell population with a key role in the immune response. During viral infection, neutrophils are mainly recruited to the infection site; however, their excessive activation is linked to deleterious results. During dengue infection
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Effect of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) on Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Population in Egyptian Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients: A Potential Immunomodulatory Role of DAAs. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-20 Basma Abdulsamad,Mohamed Afifi,Ashraf K Awaad,Waleed Elbendary,Hanan Mustafa,Bassem Elsherbini
Chronic hepatitis C is a major health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates. The introduction of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) as a first-line treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has significantly enhanced HCV eradication. However, DAA therapy is facing rising concerns regarding long-term safety, viral resistance, and reinfection. HCV is associated with different immune alteration mechanisms
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Association of the Interleukin 1B-31*C Proinflammatory Allele with the Severity of COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Report. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-17 Kame Alberto Galán-Huerta,Myriam Aseret Zamora-Márquez,Rómulo Omar Flores-Pérez,Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias,Daniel Salas-Treviño,Ana María Guadalupe Rivas-Estilla,Samantha Flores-Treviño,Sonia Amelia Lozano-Sepúlveda,Natalia Martínez-Acuña,Adrián Camacho-Ortiz,Eduardo Pérez Alba,Daniel Arellanos-Soto,Laura Nuzzolo-Shihadeh,Elvira Garza-González
Individuals with no known comorbidities or risk factors may develop severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present study assessed the effect of certain host polymorphisms and viral lineage on the severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with no known comorbidities in Mexico. The analysis included 117 unrelated hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Patients were stratified by whether
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SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific mRNA Vaccine: Pros and Cons. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Shahla Shahsavandi,Amir Ali Hariri
Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have raised concerns about the efficacy of vaccines. The present study aimed to compare the potential of Delta and Omicron variant-specific mRNA vaccines in inducing immune responses. B cell and T cell epitopes and population coverage of spike (S) glycoprotein of the variants were predicted using the Immune Epitope Database
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The FOXP3-924 A/G Single Nucleotide Polymorphism May Be Associated with Predictive Factors for Human T Lymphotropic Virus 1 Associated Myelopathy. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-06 Max W S Madureira,Maria Alice F Queiroz,Sandra S Lima,Leonn M S Pereira,Carlos A da Costa,Maísa S de Sousa,Rosimar N M Feitosa,Jacqueline C Monteiro,Ricardo Ishak,Antonio C R Vallinoto,Andréa Nazaré M Rangel da Silva
Human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with inflammatory diseases, including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), and host genetic factors may be involved in disease evolution. The forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor is linked to homeostasis of the immune system, and the presence of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the FOXP3 gene should reflect its expression
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Cross-Reactive Profile Against Two Conserved Coronavirus Antigens in Sera from SARS-CoV-2 Hybrid and Vaccinated Immune Donors Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-03 Yadira Lobaina, Rong Chen, Panchao Ai, Liling Yang, Liz Alvarez-Lajonchere, Edith Suzarte, Changyuan Tan, Ricardo Silva, Zaixue Jiang, Ke Yang, Yasser Perera, Lisset Hermida
Since the beginning of the pandemic, the pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 has been postulated as one possible cause of asymptomatic infections. Later, various works reported that pre-existing immune response against the two structural conserved antigens: S2 subunit and the nucleocapsid protein, were associated to some level of asymptomatic profile in infected individuals. To explore the Ab
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The Genetic Variant TNFA (rs361525) Is Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Developing Dengue Symptoms Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Mónica Edith Villanueva-Aguilar, Lourdes del Carmen Rizo-de-la-Torre, María del Pilar Granados-Muñiz, Andrea Montoya-Fuentes, Héctor Montoya-Fuentes
Dengue virus (DENV) is the causal agent of dengue fever. The symptoms and signs of dengue vary from febrile illness to hemorrhagic syndrome. IFITM3 and TNFA are genes of the innate immune system. Variants IFITM3 (rs12252 T>C) and TNFA (rs1800629 G > A and rs361525 G>A) might alter gene expression and change the course of the disease. Our first objective was to determine whether these variants were
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Letter to the Editor: Proposal for Th1-Induction Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis: A Possibility for the Use of the Varicella Zoster Virus Vaccine. Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-30 Yasuhiro Horiuchi
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Alpha to Omicron (Variants of Concern): Mutation Journey, Vaccines, and Therapy Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Mohamad Hamad, Dana M.H. AlKhamach, Lujain Majed Alsayadi, Sirin Abdulkafi Sarhan, Balsam Qubais Saeed, Marina Sokovic, Taibi Ben Hadda, Sameh S.M. Soliman
Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) initially emerged in December 2019 and has subsequently expanded globally, leading to the ongoing pandemic. The extensive spread of various SARS-CoV-2 variants possesses a serious public health threat. An extensive literature search along with deep analysis was performed to describe and evaluate the characteristics
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Persistence of RNA Viruses in the Respiratory Tract: An Overview Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-16 Carlos Santiago-Olivares, Eber Martínez-Alvarado, Evelyn Rivera-Toledo
Respiratory RNA viruses are a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections and contribute substantially to hospitalization among infants, elderly, and immunocompromised. Complete viral clearance from acute infections is not always achieved, leading to persistence. Certain chronic respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been associated with persistent
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Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Perspectives Viral Immunol. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-16 Silvia Lee, Jacquita Affandi, Shelley Waters, Patricia Price
Infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are often asymptomatic in healthy adults but can be severe in people with a compromised immune system. While several studies have demonstrated associations between cardiovascular disease in older adults and HCMV seropositivity, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We review evidence published within the last 5 years establishing how HCMV can contribute