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The Microbiome and Liver Cancer Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Yuta Myojin, Tim F. Greten
The gut microbiome and liver are anatomically and functionally connected. The impact of the gut microbiota or microbial metabolites on liver cancer progression via immune cells has been recently revealed across various preclinical models. Commensal gut microbes of liver cancer patients differ from control subjects, and their composition is affected by the etiology of the hepatocellular carcinoma. The
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Cancer Therapeutic Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Ronen Stoff, Yochai Wolf, Ben Boursi
For decades, cancer research and treatment focused on the cellular level, viewing cancer as a genetic disease of cell transformation. In the era of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, studies from the second half of the 19th century suggesting an association between the microbiota and cancer were almost neglected. The main focus of the field was limited to identification of specific viruses and bacteria
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Short- and Long-term Repercussions of Vancomycin on Immune Surveillance and the Efficacy of Antitumor Treatments Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Thomas Paz del Socorro, Marion Tonneau, David Pasquier, Mathias Chamaillard
Although antibiotic is a major contributor to shifts in the intestinal flora that may persist for up to several months after cessation, it is now increasingly recognized that its prescription may differentially influence clinical outcome of different anticancer treatments. Intense clinical and basic research efforts aim then at gaining sufficient insights about how the cooperative action between the
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Microbiome and Diet in Colon Cancer Development and Treatment Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Ikuko Kato, Jun Sun
Diet plays critical roles in defining our immune responses, microbiome, and progression of human diseases. With recent progress in sequencing and bioinformatic techniques, increasing evidence indicates the importance of diet-microbial interactions in cancer development and therapeutic outcome. Here, we focus on the epidemiological studies on diet-bacterial interactions in the colon cancer. We also
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The Microbiome and Its Impact on Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Florent Malard, Robert R. Jenq
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) is a standard curative therapy for a variety of benign and malignant hematological diseases. Previously, patients who underwent alloHCT were at high risk for complications with potentially life-threatening toxicities, including a variety of opportunistic infections as well as acute and chronic manifestations of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
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The Lung Microbiome in Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy Treatment Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Kathleen Kennedy, Karam Khaddour, Nithya Ramnath, Frank Weinberg
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Over the past 10 years, significant advances in treatment modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) blockade, have led to improved outcomes. Elucidating predicative biomarkers in responders and nonresponders to ICI will lead to development of therapeutic targets that could enhance ICI efficacy. Recently, the gut microbiome was
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Radiation Therapy and the Microbiome; More Than a Gut Feeling Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Uri Amit, Andrea Facciabene, Edgar Ben-Josef
It is increasingly recognized that heterogeneities in tumor response and severity of adverse effects in irradiated patients can be attributed to the tumor microenvironment and host-related factors. Among the latter, a growing body of literature in recent years has demonstrated the role of the patient's microbiome in modulating both tumor and normal tissue response to radiotherapy (RT). Upon contact
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The Gut Microbiome and Pancreatic Cancer Development and Treatment Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Holly Attebury, Donnele Daley
Changes in the gut microbiome have been increasingly shown to accompany oncogenesis across various tumors. Similarly, microbial dysbiosis was found to be associated with pancreatic cancer progression and survival outcomes, expanding the field of tumor microenvironment research in pancreatic cancer. Mechanistic studies in pancreatic cancer models implicate components of the gut and pancreatic cancer
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Role of the Microbiome in Immunotherapy of Melanoma Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Victoria Jiminez, Nabiha Yusuf
Novel immunotherapeutics for advanced melanoma have drastically changed survival rates and management strategies in recent years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as efficacious agents for some patients but have not been proven to be as beneficial in other patient cohorts. Recent investigation into this observation has implicated the gut microbiome as a potential immunomodulator in regulating
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Impact of Precision Medicine in Oncology. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Raju Kucherlapati
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Diversity in Cancer Care: Current Challenges and Potential Solutions to Achieving Equity in Clinical Trial Participation. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Kai Akimoto,Kekoa Taparra,Thelma Brown,Manali I Patel
Access to and participation in cancer clinical trials determine whether such data are applicable, feasible, and generalizable among populations. The lack of inclusion of low-income and marginalized populations limits generalizability of the critical data guiding novel therapeutics and interventions used globally. Such lack of cancer clinical trial equity is troubling, considering that the populations
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Primary Prevention of Cancer: A Multilevel Approach to Behavioral Risk Factor Reduction in Racially and Ethnically Minoritized Groups. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Sherri Sheinfeld Gorin,Kelly Hirko
Cancer continues to be the second most common cause of death in the United States. Racially and ethnically minoritized populations continue to experience disparities in cancer prevention compared with majority populations. Multilevel interventions-from policy, communities, health care institutions, clinical teams, families, and individuals-may be uniquely suited to reducing health disparities through
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Diversity and Disparities in Lung Cancer Outcomes Among Minorities. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Nyein Wint Yee Theik,Carlos Carracedo Uribe,Andres Alvarez,Meri Muminovic,Luis E Raez
Because of diversities and disparities, lung cancer incidence and mortality rates among minorities are disproportionate compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations. This review focuses on the disparities in lung cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes that minorities, mainly Hispanic and Black, experience compared with NHW populations. Despite efforts such as improving the eligibility
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The Promise of Cancer Health Justice: How Stakeholders and the Community Can Build a Sustained and Equitable System of Cancer Care Through the Lens of Colorectal Cancer Interventions. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Dario M Villamar,Blase N Polite
Disparities in outcomes and persistent barriers to adequate care in colorectal cancer are reflective of a system that has failed to achieve the ideals of health equity and health justice. In this review, we discuss that although much research has been done to improve upon gaps in screening, treatment, and supportive care in colorectal cancer, a concerted effort across multiple research, regulatory
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Social Drivers of Cancer Risk and Outcomes Among African American Men. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Chanita Hughes Halbert
Social risk factors play an important role in minority health and cancer health disparities. Exposure to stress and stress responses are important social factors that are now included in conceptual models of cancer health disparities. This report summarizes results from studies that examined stress exposure and responses among African Americans. Data from studies that were conducted as part of a transdisciplinary
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Overlooked and Damaging Impact of Structural Racism and Implicit Bias on US Health Care: Overarching Policy Implications. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Sybil R Green,Christopher N Cross
Marginalized populations, including racial and ethnic minorities, have historically faced significant barriers to accessing quality health care because of structural racism and implicit bias. A brief review and analysis of past and historic and current policies demonstrate that structural racism and implicit bias continue to underscore a health system characterized by unequal access and distribution
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Oncology Physician Workforce Diversity: Rationale, Trends, Barriers, and Solutions. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Curtiland Deville,Kenechukwu Charles-Obi,Patricia Mae G Santos,Malcolm D Mattes,Syed M Qasim Hussaini
This chapter will discuss (1) the rationale for physician workforce diversity and inclusion in oncology; (2) current and historical physician workforce demographic trends in oncology, including workforce data at various training and career levels, such as graduate medical education and as academic faculty or practicing physicians; (3) reported barriers and challenges to diversity and inclusion in oncology
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From Race to Racism and Disparities to Equity: An Actionable Biopsychosocial Approach to Breast Cancer Outcomes. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Katherine Reeder-Hayes,Mya L Roberson,Stephanie B Wheeler,Yara Abdou,Melissa A Troester
PURPOSE Racial disparities in outcomes of breast cancer in the United States have widened over more than 3 decades, driven by complex biologic and social factors. In this review, we summarize the biological and social narratives that have shaped breast cancer disparities research across different scientific disciplines in the past, explore the underappreciated but crucial ways in which these 2 strands
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Prostate Cancer, Race, and Health Disparity: What We Know. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Mack Roach,Pamela W Coleman,Rick Kittles
Prostate cancer (PCa) in African American men is one of the most common cancers with a great disparity in outcomes. The higher incidence and tendency to present with more advanced disease have prompted investigators to postulate that this is a problem of innate biology. However, unequal access to health care and poorer quality of care raise questions about the relative importance of genetics versus
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Health Care Policy and Disparities in Health. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Dina George Lansey,Rohan Ramalingam,Otis W Brawley
The United States has seen a 33% decline in age-adjusted cancer mortality since 1991. Despite this achievement, the United States has some of the greatest health disparities of any developed nation. US government policies are increasingly directed toward reducing health disparities and promoting health equity. These policies govern the conduct of research, cancer prevention, access, and payment for
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Building a Bridge to Equity in Health and Health Care in Cancer Care. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Lori J Pierce
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What Role Does Radiotherapy Play in the Molecular Era for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma? Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Eugene J Koay,Milind Javle,Madeline Belknap,Shrey Derasari,Millicent Roach,Ethan B Ludmir
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease, yet with rising incidence globally. Most patients are not eligible for potentially curative surgical resection, and many patients with unresectable disease die within 12 months of diagnosis, primarily due to liver failure from the primary tumor. Recent prospective and retrospective studies indicate that local control of the primary tumor can be achieved
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Evolution of Response-Based Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Cancer. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Ameer L Elaimy,Yue Cao,Theodore S Lawrence
Stereotactic body radiation therapy has emerged as a safe and effective treatment modality for properly selected hepatocellular cancer (HCC) patients with normal liver function. However, many HCC patients have reduced baseline liver function due to underlying cirrhosis or prior liver-directed therapies. Therefore, because of the increased risk of hepatotoxicity, the use of stereotactic body radiation
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Evaluation of the Prognostic Role of Liver Metastases on Patient Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Jessica J Waninger,Vincent T Ma,Zoey Chopra,Ashley N Pearson,Michael D Green
The liver is a common site of metastasis for many primary malignancies, but the quantitative impact on survival is unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of 83 studies (604,853 patients) assessing the overall hazard associated with liver metastases by primary tumor type and treatment regimen. The pooled overall survival hazard ratio (HR) for all included studies was 1.77 (95% confidence
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The Utility of Interim Positron Emission Tomography Imaging to Inform Adaptive Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Benjamin S Rosen,Neil Vaishampayan,Yue Cao,Michelle L Mierzwa
In this article, as part of this special issue on biomarkers of early response, we review the current evidence to support the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging during chemoradiation therapy to inform biologically adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We review literature covering this topic spanning nearly 3 decades, including the use of various radiotracers
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Recent Advances in Blood-Based Liquid Biopsy Approaches in Prostate Cancer. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Andi K Cani,Simpa S Salami
The advent of high-throughput technologies has enabled the analysis of minute amounts of tumor-derived material purified from body fluids, termed "liquid biopsies." Prostate cancer (PCa) management, like in many other cancer types, has benefited from liquid biopsies at several stages of the disease. Although initially describing circulating tumor cells in blood, the term "liquid biopsy" has come to
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Survival of the Fittest: How Adaptive Medicine Can Enhance Cancer Treatment. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 J Chad Brenner
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Circulating Tumor DNA in Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Oropharynx Cancer: Leveraging Early Data to Inform Future Directions. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Molly E Heft Neal,Heather M Walline,Catherine T Haring
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become an area of intense study in many solid malignancies including head and neck cancer. This is of particular interest for human papillomavirus-mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma as this cohort of patients has excellent survival and is undergoing current clinical trials aimed at treatment de-escalation. Recent studies have demonstrated the prognostic
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The Current Role of Human Papillomavirus Circulating Tumor DNA in Oropharynx Cancer. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Samuel N Regan,Michelle L Mierzwa
Human papillomavirus infection is currently implicated in the majority of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cases diagnosed in the United States. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a potential biomarker for human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and has the opportunity to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of patients with this disease. Changes
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Is Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Established as an Imaging Biomarker for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Assessment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma? Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Yue Cao,Kyle C Cuneo,Joseph Evans,Randall K Ten Haken,Daniel T Chang,Theodore S Lawrence
In this article, as part of this special issue on biomarkers of early response, we review currently available reports regarding magnetic resonance imaging apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in response to stereotactic body radiation therapy. We compare diffusion image acquisition, ADC analysis, methods for HCC response assessment, and statistical methods
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Tumor-Derived Exosomes and the Role of Liquid Biopsy in Human Papillomavirus Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Michael M Allevato,Joshua D Smith,Michael J Brenner,Steven B Chinn
The global incidence of human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has surged in recent decades, with HPV+ HNSCC accounting for >70% of oropharynx cancers in the United States. Its incidence in men has surpassed that of HPV+ cervical cancer in women, and reliable assays are needed for early detection and to monitor response to therapy. Human papillomavirus-positive
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Evolution of Therapeutic Benefit Measurement Criteria in Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Jessica M Stempel,Zhuoer Xie,Jan Philipp Bewersdorf,Maximilian Stahl,Amer M Zeidan
Myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) are heterogeneous, clonal myeloid neoplasms characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, progressive cytopenias, and an increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. The diversity in disease severity, morphology, and genetic landscape challenges not only novel drug development but also therapeutic response assessment. The MDS International Working
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Novel Approaches and Future Directions in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Treatment. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Jan Philipp Bewersdorf,Zhuoer Xie,Amer M Zeidan
Myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDSs) constitute a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders that are clinically characterized by dysplastic changes in multiple hematopoietic lineages, cytopenias, and a variable risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Patients with MDS are classified as either lower- or higher-risk based on risk stratification tools such as the International Prognostic Scoring
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The Current Landscape and Future Directions. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Jean Sabile,Steven Pavletic,Yazan Migdady
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are characterized by a clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells with potential life-threatening cytopenia(s) and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Individualized risk stratification is evolving with new molecular models, such as the Molecular International Prognostic Scoring System, for better estimation of leukemic transformation and overall survival
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Novel Therapies in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Where Do Venetoclax and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Fit in? Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Yasmin Abaza,Anand Ashwin Patel
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders with treatment approaches tailored to the presence of cytopenias, disease risk, and molecular mutation profile. In higher-risk MDSs, the standard of care are DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, otherwise referred to as hypomethylating agents (HMAs), with consideration for allogeneic hematopoietic stem
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Supportive Care for Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Jessica M Stempel,Nikolai A Podoltsev,Talib Dosani
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, progressive cytopenias, and an innate capability of progressing to acute myeloid leukemia. The most common causes of morbidity and mortality are complications related to myelodysplastic syndromes rather than progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Although supportive care measures
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Overview of the Management of Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Abhay Singh,Hetty E Carraway
Myelodysplastic syndromes or myelodysplastic neoplasms (both abbreviated MDSs) (Leukemia 2022;36:1703-1719) have historically been challenging diseases to treat owing to their complex biology, molecular diversity, and a patient population that is elderly with comorbidities. As the patients are living longer, incidence of MDSs is rising, and challenges in selecting MDS treatments or lack thereof have
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The Management of Low-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes-Current Standards and Recent Advances. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Michael P Randall,Amy E DeZern
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of hematologic neoplasms with varied natural histories and prognoses. Specific to this review, treatment of low-risk MDS most often focuses on improving quality of life by correcting cytopenias, as opposed to urgent disease modification to avoid acute myeloid leukemia. These treatments include transfusion support with iron chelation when
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Updates in Risk Stratification in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Luis E Aguirre,David A Sallman,Richard Stone,Rami S Komrokji
Risk stratification plays an essential role in treatment planning in myelodysplastic syndromes. For decades, the International Prognostic Scoring System and its revised version have provided unified consensus for clinical trial enrollment and design. These models relied on laboratory and cytogenetic data to estimate prognosis and dictate treatment paradigms. Critical developments in DNA sequencing
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Spectrum From Clonal Hematopoiesis to Myelodysplastic Neoplasm/Syndromes and Other Myeloid Neoplasms. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Zhuoer Xie,Evan C Chen,Lourdes M Mendez,Rami Komrokji,Amer M Zeidan
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) confers a high risk of aging-related diseases and hematologic malignancy. There are still significant knowledge gaps in identifying high-risk patients with CH and managing such patients. In this review, we focus on 3 areas: (1) the natural history of CH; (2) the risks of progression of CH, including CH of indeterminate potential, clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance
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Updates in Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Mina L Xu,Robert P Hasserjian
Myelodysplastic syndrome includes a broad range of myeloid neoplasms characterized by cytopenia and morphologic dysplasia. Recently, 2 new classification systems emerged to further define how these diseases are diagnosed and risk stratified. This review compares these models, provides detailed approaches, and reveals practical ways to move forward in clinical practice of myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosis
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Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Lara K Rotter,Shai Shimony,Kelly Ling,Evan Chen,Rory M Shallis,Amer M Zeidan,Maximilian Stahl
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and variable cytopenias with a considerable risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Epidemiological assessment of MDS remains challenging because of evolving classification systems, but the overall incidence in the United States is estimated to be approximately 4 per 100,000 and increases with age
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Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms-Insights Into Pathogenesis Leading to Improved Classification, Risk Stratification, and Treatments. Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Michal G Rose,Amer M Zeidan
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A Brief Overview of Cancer Vaccines Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Alexander J. Muller, Sunil Thomas, George C. Prendergast
Vaccine strategies for cancer differ from infectious disease in focusing mainly on clearing rather than preventing disease. Here we survey general vaccine strategies and combination therapy concepts being investigated for cancer treatment, with a focus on tumor antigens rather than cancer-inducing viruses or microorganisms. Many tumor antigens are “altered-self” and tend to arouse weaker immune responses
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Molecular Testing for Diagnostics, Prognostication, and Treatment Stratification in Cancers Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Saleh Heneidi, Jeffrey A. Golden, Eric Vail
Precision cancer care, for essentially all cancer types, now requires molecular diagnostics to assess mutations, chromosomal alterations, and gene expression to personalize treatments for individual patients. Advances in the diagnostics and treatment options have moved the field forward from fundamental discoveries beginning in the 1960s to the development of many targeted therapies that can be as
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Gene Expression Profiles in Cancers and Their Therapeutic Implications Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Chad J. Creighton
The vast amount of gene expression profiling data of bulk tumors and cell lines available in the public domain represents a tremendous resource. For any major cancer type, expression data can identify molecular subtypes, predict patient outcome, identify markers of therapeutic response, determine the functional consequences of somatic mutation, and elucidate the biology of metastatic and advanced cancers
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Impact of Precision Medicine in Oncology: Immuno-oncology Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Elizabeth I. Buchbinder, F. Stephen Hodi
Cancer treatment has dramatically changed over the last decade with the development of immunotherapy. Therapies including immune cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibition, intratumoral therapies, and cellular therapies are already widely used in the oncology clinic. Active development continues in these areas and in the development of vaccines, bispecific therapies, and more refined cellular therapies
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Emerging Challenges to Cellular Therapy of Cancer Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Premal D. Lulla, Malcolm Brenner
Cellular immunotherapy of cancer in the form of chimeric antigen receptor–modified T-cell therapy has become a standard treatment for lymphoid and more recently plasma cell malignancies. Although their successes in these cancers represent a breakthrough for adoptive cell therapy, there are several challenges to their continued growth in the field of cancer medicine. In this review, we discuss the progress
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Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: Current Perspective on T Cell–Intrinsic, T Cell–Extrinsic, and Therapeutic Limitations Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Shawna K. Brookens, Avery D. Jr Posey
Genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy leverages the ability of the immune system to eliminate tumors and redirects cytotoxic functions toward cells expressing specified tumor-restricted antigens. Although 6 CAR T-cell therapies have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of many hematological malignancies, limitations involving T cell–intrinsic
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Transcription Factors and Cancer: Approaches to Targeting Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Jamie V. Shiah, Daniel E. Johnson, Jennifer R. Grandis
Cancer is defined by the presence of uncontrollable cell growth, whereby improper proliferative signaling has overcome regulation by cellular mechanisms. Transcription factors are uniquely situated at the helm of signaling, merging extracellular stimuli with intracellular responses. Therefore, this class of proteins plays a pivotal role in coordinating the correct gene expression levels for maintaining
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Recent Advances in the Development of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Cancer Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Omar Alhalabi, Lina Altameemi, Matthew T. Campbell, Funda Meric-Bernstam
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have joined the armamentarium against urothelial cancer (UC) as an effective therapy option. Since 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved 2 ADCs for advanced previously treated UC: enfortumab vedotin, which targets nectin-4 and sacituzumab govitecan, which targets trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2. These ADCs are now being tested in earlier disease settings
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Breast Cancer: Spotlight on HER2 Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Rachel Occhiogrosso Abelman, Arielle Medford, Laura Spring, Aditya Bardia
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are composed of monoclonal antibodies linked to a cytotoxic payload, enabling targeted delivery of more potent chemotherapy. In the past decade, there has been rapid development of ADCs aimed at different types of breast cancer. The success of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has led to the evolution of several ADCs targeting HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab-emtansine
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Antibody Drug Conjugates in Lung Cancer Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Geoffrey Merle, Alex Friedlaender, Aakash Desai, Alfredo Addeo
An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprises a monoclonal antibody that is specific to a tumor cell protein, bound to a cytotoxic agent, known as the payload. The use of ADCs is already common practice in several cancers, thanks to their efficacy and potentially more manageable toxicity profile, resulting from the release of the cytostatic payload directly in the tumors. Currently, early-phase trials
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Breast Cancer: What Is Beyond HER2? Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Eleonora Nicolò, Matteo Repetto, Luca Boscolo Bielo, Paolo Tarantino, Giuseppe Curigliano
The therapeutic landscape of patients with breast cancer has changed significantly with the introduction of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been the centerpiece of ADC development, potentially any surface antigen with differential expression between tumor and normal cells may be suitable for targeting with ADCs. Exploration of new targets
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The Role of Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Imaging and ADC Treatment Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Lucia Martiniova, Rafal J. Zielinski, Mai Lin, Louis DePalatis, Gregory C. Ravizzini
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed to deliver cytotoxic payloads to distinctive target-expressing cancer cells. Following internalization, the ADCs are routed to different compartments in the cells, where cleavage of the linker causes release of the cytotoxic cargo. With such a delivery system, more effective payloads can reach cancer cells, allowing for more efficient treatment and dosing
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Myeloid Leukemias Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Jayastu Senapati, Naval G. Daver, Naveen Pemmaraju
Targeted therapy in oncology brings with it the promise to maximize cancer cell cytotoxicity with minimal off-target effects. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), an important group of such targeted agents, consist of a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a potent cytotoxic drug. In the field of leukemia, ADCs form an important component of therapeutic arsenal through the use of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Tissue-Agnostic Drug Development: An Update Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Douglas Dias e Silva, Guilherme Malandrini Andriatte, Roberto Carmagnani Pestana
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) deliver effective medications to tumor cells that express specific antigens, maximizing efficacy and reducing adverse effects. Because ado-trastuzumab emtansine was approved in 2013, 5 ADCs received US Food and Drug Administration approval for solid tumor treatment. Technical advancements in the development of each component of ADCs allowed novel monoclonal antibodies
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Toxicities From Antibody-Drug Conjugates Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Andrew C. Johns, Matthew T. Campbell
Antibody-drug conjugates are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of many cancer types. The 3 main structural components—antibody, linker, and payload—each contribute to the toxicity profiles of these drugs. In addition to cytopenias and gastrointestinal adverse effects attributed to the chemotherapy payloads, each drug has specific toxicities that are not commonly described in oncology
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Evolving Landscape of Antibody Drug Conjugates in Lymphoma Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Rishab Prakash, Vivek Subbiah, Swaminathan P. Iyer
Despite the curative potential of autologous transplantation and chimeric antigen receptor T cells in lymphoma, many patients are ineligible, or their disease progresses after these treatments. In this context, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated very promising efficacy in lymphomas. Antibody drug conjugates are monoclonal antibodies covalently linked to a cytotoxic drug. Because of its
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Antibody Drug Conjugates in Multiple Myeloma Cancer J. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Christopher J. Ferreri, Hans C. Lee
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a treatment option for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with the regulatory approval of the first-in-class B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) ADC belantamab mafodotin. Other BCMA and non-BCMA ADCs are currently in clinical development. Whereas ADCs allow antigen-specific delivery of a chemomoiety to myeloma cells, on-target and off-target