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Domain-specific LLM Development and Evaluation -- A Case-study for Prostate Cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Amara Tariq, Aisha Urooj, Avisha Das, Jiwoong Jeong, Shubham Trivedi, Bhavik Patel, Imon Banerjee
In this work, we present our strategy for developing domain-specific large language models which cover the vocabulary of the target domain and train on reliable sources of clinical information. Prostate cancer was chosen as a use-case for this study. We collected more than 1.8 million clinical notes and radiology and pathology reports for 15341 patients treated for prostate cancer in Mayo Clinic across
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Cytokine release syndrome after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: an observational cohort study of 2672 patients from Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Osama Hamida, Frans Karlsson, Andreas Lundqvist, Marco Gerling, Lisa L Liu
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are linked to diverse immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Rare irAEs surface first in clinical practice. Here, we systematically studied the rare irAE, cytokine-release syndrome (CRS), in a cohort of 2672 patients treated with ICIs at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. We find that the risk of ICI-induced CRS, defined as fever, negative microbiological
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Radiotherapy combined with EGFR-TKIs for stage III EGFR-Mutated lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Liu Gang, LIU GANG, WEI YUAN, GAN LANGGE, GAN MEI, ZHENG QINGPING, HUANG JING
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining thoracic RT with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs) in managing stage III lung cancer with EGFR mutation. Cases of patients with stage III EGFR-mutant lung cancer who received thoracic RT between December 2014 and December 2022 from multiple hospitals including The People's Hospital of Laibin
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Translational modeling-based evidence for enhanced efficacy of standard-of-care drugs in combination with anti-microRNA-155 in non-small-cell lung cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Prashant Dogra, Vrushaly Shinglot, Javier Ruiz Ramirez, Joseph Cave, Joseph D Butner, Carmine Schiavone, Dan G Duda, Ahmed O Kaseb, Caroline Chung, Eugene J Koay, Vittorio Cristini, Bulent Ozpolat, George A Calin, Zhihui Wang
Elevated microRNA-155 (miR-155) expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) promotes cisplatin resistance and negatively impacts treatment outcomes. However, miR-155 can also boost anti-tumor immunity by suppressing PD-L1 expression. We developed a multiscale mechanistic model, calibrated with in vivo data and then extrapolated to humans, to investigate the therapeutic effects of nanoparticle-delivered
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High throughput screening of nuclear receptors identifies NR4A1, a novel tumor suppressor with potential as a therapeutic target in gallbladder cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 SAJIB KUMAR SARKAR, Rashmi Minocha, Nihar Ranjan Dash, Ruby Dhar, Prasenjit Das, Deepak Kumar, Vinay Kumar Kapoor, Ratnakar Shukla, Subhradip Karmakar
Introduction: Gallbladder cancer(GBC) is one of the most common cancer of the hepato-biliary tract, with a strikingly variable incidence and prevalence across different regions of the world. The Indo-Gangetic belt in Northern India is reported to have one of the highest incidence of about 21/100,000. GBC usually goes unnoticed due to the lack of any early symptoms with two third of GBC cases present
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Species-level verification of Phascolarctobacterium association to colorectal cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Cecilie Bucher-Johannessen, Thulasika Senthakumaran, Ekaterina Avershina, Einar Elvbakken Birkeland, Geir Hoff, Vahid Bemanian, Hege Smith Tunsjoe, Trine B Rounge
Background and aims: We have previously demonstrated an association between increased abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenomas in two independent Norwegian cohorts. Here we seek to verify our previous findings using new cohorts and methods. In addition, we characterize lifestyle and sex-specificity, the functional potential of the Phascolarctobacterium species and
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Cell-free DNA from ascites identifies clinically relevant variants and tumour evolution in patients with advanced ovarian cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Bonnita Werner, Elyse Powell, Jennifer Duggan, Marilisa Cortesi, Yeh Chen Lee, Vivek Arora, Ramanand Athavale, Michael Dean, Kristina Warton, Caroline E Ford
Background The emergence of targeted therapies and predictive biomarkers is transforming the ovarian cancer treatment paradigm. However, the demand for high quality, tumour-enriched samples for biomarker profiling can be limited by access to adequate tissue samples. The use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in ascites presents a potential solution to this clinical challenge. Methods A unique set of sequential
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The WERA Cancer Center Matrix: Strategic Management of Patient Access to Precision Oncology in a Large and Mostly Rural Area of Germany medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Markus Krebs, Florian Haller, Silvia Spoerl, Elena Gerhard-Hartmann, Kirsten Utpatel, Katja Maurus, Volker Kunzmann, Manik Chatterjee, Vivek Venkataramani, Imad Maatouk, Max Bittrich, Tatjana Einwag, Norbert Meidenbauer, Lars Toegel, Daniela Hirsch, Wolfgang Dietmaier, Felix Keil, Alexander Scheiter, Alexander Immel, Daniel Heudobler, Sabine Einhell, Ulrich Kaiser, Anja M. Sedlmeier, Julia Maurer,
Purpose: Offering equal Patient Access to Precision Oncology (PO) is a major challenge of clinical oncologists and cancer center representatives. Here, we provide an easily transferable model adopted from strategic management science to assess the geographic impact of a cancer center, in terms of general cancer care and PO participation. Methods: As members of the German WERA alliance, the cancer centers
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COADREADx: A comprehensive algorithmic dissection unravels salient biomarkers and actionable insights into the discrete progression of colorectal cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Ashok Palaniappan, Sangeetha Muthamilselvan, Arjun Sarathi
Colorectal cancer is a common condition with an uncommon burden of disease, heterogeneity in manifestation, and no definitive treatment in the advanced stages. Against this backdrop, renewed efforts to unravel the genetic drivers of colorectal cancer progression are paramount. Early-stage detection contributes to the success of cancer therapy and increases the likelihood of a favorable prognosis. Here
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Monensin as potential drug for treatment of SLeX-positive tumors medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Ana Filipa Costa, Emanuel Senra, Diana Campos, Isabel Faria-Ramos, Liliana Santos-Ferreira, Sofia Lamas, Joana Gomes, Filipe Pinto, Andreia Teixeira, Rafela Abrantes, Henrique O Duarte, Mariana Pacheco, Marta T Pinto, Andre F Maia, Antonio Pombinho, Rita Barros, Veronica Fernandes, Frederica Casanova-Goncalves, Fabiana Sousa, Jose Barbosa, Luisa Pereira, Fatima Carneiro, Celso A Reis, Catarina Gomes
Colorectal (CRC) and gastric (GC) cancers remain the top lethal cancers and targeted therapies in this setting are still very limited. Sialyl Lewis X (SLeX), a cancer-associated glycan highly expressed in both CRC and GC, plays a crucial role in cancer cell dissemination and metastasis. Thus, presenting a promising but still underexplored therapeutic target. In this work, we performed a high-throughput
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Real World Predictors of Response and 24-month survival in high-grade TP53-mutated Myeloid Neoplasms medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Amandeep Kaur, Alexandra Rojek, Emily Symes, Anand A Patel, Mariam T Nawas, Jay L Patel, Payal M Sojitra, Barina Aquil, Madina Sukhanova, Megan E Mcnerney, Leo Wu, Aibek Akmatbekov, Jeremy Segal, Melissa Tjota, Sandeep Gurbuxani, Jason X. Cheng, Su-Yeon Yeon, Harini V. Ravisankar, Carrie Fitzpatrick, Angela Lager, Michael W. Drazer, Caner Saygin, Pankhuri Wanjari, Panagiotis Katsonis, Olivier Lichtarge
Current therapies for high-grade TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasms (≥ 10% blasts) do not offer a meaningful survival benefit except allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the minority who achieve a complete response to first line therapy (CR1). To identify reliable pre-therapy predictors of response and outcomes, we assembled a cohort of 234 individuals with well-annotated clinical, molecular and pathology
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Microtubule targeting agents influence the clinical benefit of immune response in early breast cancer. medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Vinu Jose, David Venet, Francoise Rothe, Samira Majjaj, Delphine Vincent, Laurence Buisseret, Roberto Salgado, Nicolas Sirtaine, Stefan Michiels, Sherene Loi, Heikki Joensuu, Christos Sotiriou
PURPOSE: Immune response to tumors is associated with clinical benefits in breast cancer. Preclinically, disruption of microtubule dynamics affect the functionality of immune cells. We investigate the impact of microtubule targeting agents (MTA) on the clinical benefit of immune response in early breast cancer. METHODS: We used the gene expression dataset associated with the randomized FinHER adjuvant
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Low IGFBP7 expression identifies a subset of breast cancers with favorable prognosis and sensitivity to IGF-1 receptor targeting with ganitumab: Data from I-SPY2 and SCAN-B medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Christopher Godina, Michael Pollak, Helena Jernstrom
There has been a long-standing interest in targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling system in breast cancer due to its key role in neoplastic proliferation and survival. However, no IGF-1R targeting agent has shown substantial clinical benefit in controlled trials, and no treatment predictive biomarkers for IGF-1R targeting agents exist. IGFBP7 is an atypical insulin-like
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Transcriptomic profile of normal breast tissue post-mifepristone treatment: secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Deborah Utjes, Nageswara Boggavarapu, Mohammed Rasul, Isabelle Koberg, Alexander Zulliger, Sakthi Srinivasan, Carolina Grothusen, Lalit Kumar, Kiriaki Papaikonomou, Twana Alkasalias, Kristina Gemzell Danielsson
Progesterone receptor antagonism is gaining attention due to progesterone's recognized role as a major mitogen in breast tissue. Limited but promising data suggest the potential efficacy of antiprogestins in breast cancer prevention. The present study presents secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial and examine changes in breast mRNA expression following mifepristone treatment in healthy
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High-throughput metabolome comparison of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and healthy skin with e-biopsy sampling. medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Leetal Louie, Julia Wise, Ariel Berl, Ofir Shir-az, Vladimir Kravtsov, Zohar Yakhini, Avshalom Shalom, Alex Golberg, Edward Vitkin
A standard histopathology-slides based diagnostics becomes a serious process bottleneck due to rising incidence rates of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Leveraging tissue molecular information for diagnostics can be a beneficial alternative in certain cases. Sampling and processing of a constantly growing number of tumors can be enhanced with faster specimen
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Association between Time-Weighted Remnant Cholesterol and Incident Cancer: A Population-Based Chinese Cohort Study medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Lifang Li, Nan Zhang, Yifan Yang, Hugo Hok Him Pui, Bosco Kwok Hei Leung, Oscar Hou In Chou, Carlin Chang, Abraham Ka Chung Wai, Gregory Lip, Gary Tse, Tong Liu, Jiandong Zhou
Background: Remnant cholesterol (RC) is becoming an increasingly well-recognized risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. However, no study has explored the predictive role of RC in new-onset cancer. This study aimed to examine the associations between RC and time-weighted RC with incident cancer in the general population. Methods: This was a retrospective population-based study enrolling patients
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Re-irradiation to the Prostate using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) after initial definitive Radiotherapy: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of recent trials medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Christina Schroeder, Hongjian Tang, Andre Buchali, Daniel Rudolf Zwahlen, Robert Foerster, Paul Windisch
Background: There is increasing data on re-irradiation to the prostate using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) after definite radiotherapy for prostate cancer. There has been increasing evidence on prostate re-irradiation using a C-arm LINAC or a MR LINAC in the last years. We therefore conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis on prostate re-irradiation including studies published from
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Generation of guideline-based clinical decision trees in oncology using large language models medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Brenda Y Miao, Eduardo Rodriguez Almaraz, Amir Ashraf Ganjouei, Arvind Suresh, Travis Zack, Maxim Bravo, Srinidhi Raghavendran, Boris Oskotsky, Ahmed Alaa, Atul J Butte
Background: Molecular biomarkers play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of oncologic diseases but staying updated with the latest guidelines and research can be challenging for healthcare professionals and patients. Large Language Models (LLMs), such as MedPalm-2 and GPT-4, have emerged as potential tools to streamline biomedical information extraction, but their ability to summarize molecular
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A Novel Perspective on Genes Driving Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Revealed by Single-cell RNA Sequencing medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Saed Sayad, Mark Hiatt, Hazem Mustafa
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is formidable in its advanced, metastatic stage. Aggressive spread of malignant cells from the pancreas to distant organs like the liver and lungs is often detected late, complicating treatment by markedly limiting therapeutic options and worsening prognosis by drastically diminishing survival. Understanding the molecular intricacies driving metastasis
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Identification of established and novel extracellular matrix components in glioblastoma as targets for angiogenesis and prognosis medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Valeria Pereira Ferrer, Lucas Cunha Barbosa, Gabriel Cardoso Machado, Manoela Heringer
Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive tumors, characterized by heterogeneity, high proliferation and infiltration, resistance to treatments, and abundant vasculature. Angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels from pre-existing ones, involves endothelial cells (EC) migrating and proliferating to form new tubes. Various extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules can modulate EC survival, migration, and proliferation
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Oncology Researchers' and Clinicians' Perceptions of Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine: An International, Cross-Sectional Survey medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Jeremy Y. Ng, Jassimar Kochhar, Holger Cramer
Background: Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) has become an increasingly popular supportive therapy option for patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate how researchers and clinicians in the oncology field perceive CAIM. Methods: We conducted an online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey for researchers and clinicians who have published their work
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DNA methylation markers for sensitive detection of circulating tumor DNA in patients with gastroesophageal cancers medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Nadia Ogaard, Cecilie Riis Iden, Sarah Ostrup Jensen, Salah Mohammad Mustafa, Emilie Aagard, Jesper Bertram Bramsen, Lise Barlebo Ahlborn, Jane Preuss Hasselby, Kristoffer Staal Rohrberg, Michael Patrcik Achiam, Claus Lindbjerg Andersen, Morten Mau-Sorensen
Background Patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (G/GEJ AC) face poor outcomes. Thus, sensitive biomarkers for improved clinical management are highly warranted. Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) using DNA methylation biomarkers is a highly sensitive approach for cancer detection and management. Here, we explored the potential of a tumor-agnostic test targeting
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Body composition and checkpoint inhibitor treatment outcomes in advanced melanoma: a multicenter cohort study medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Laurens Sebastian ter Maat, Isabella A J Van Duin, Rik J Verheijden, Pim Moeskops, Joost J C Verhoeff, Sjoerd G Elias, Wouter A C van Amsterdam, Femke H Burgers, Franchette W P J Van den Berkmortel, Marye J Boers-Sonderen, Martijn F Boomsma, Jan Willem De Groot, John B A G Haanen, Geke A P Hospers, Djura Piersma, G Vreugdenhil, Hans M Westgeest, Ellen Kapiteijn, Mariette Labots, Wouter B A G Veldhuis
Introduction The association of body composition with checkpoint inhibitor outcomes in melanoma is a matter of ongoing debate. In this study, we aim to add to previous evidence by investigating body mass index (BMI) alongside CT derived body composition metrics in the largest cohort to date. Method Patients treated with first-line anti-PD1 +/- anti-CTLA4 for advanced melanoma were retrospectively identified
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Establishing the Automatic Identification of Clinical Trial Cohorts from Electronic Health Records by Matching Normalized Eligibility Criteria and Patient Clinical Characteristics medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Yun Mai, kyeryoung lee, Zongzhi Liu, Kalpana Raja, Michelle K. Higashi, Meng Ma, Tongyu Wang, Lei Ai, Ediz Calay, William Oh, Eric Schadt, xiaoyan wang
Objective The use of electronic health records (EHRs) holds promising potential to enhance clinical trial activities. However, the identification of eligible patients within EHRs presents considerable challenges. Our objective was to develop an eligibility criteria phenotyping pipeline that would identify patients with matching clinical characteristics from EHRs. Material and methods In this study
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Incidence, prevalence, and survival of lung cancer in the United Kingdom from 2000-2021: a population-based cohort study. medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-28 George Corby, Nicola L Barclay, Eng Hooi Tan, Edward Burn, Antonella Delmestri, Talita Duarte-Salles, Wai Yi Man, Asieh Golozar, Ilona Tietzova, OPTIMA Consortium, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Danielle Newby
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. In the UK, there has been a major reduction in smoking, the leading risk factor for lung cancer, as well as the introduction of the new screening in 2023. Therefore, an up-to-date assessment of the trends of lung cancer is required in the UK. Methods: We performed a population-based cohort study using the UK primary
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Validation of a glycomics-based test associated with risk of HCC development in cirrhosis medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Xavier Verhelst, Leander Meuris, Roos Colman, Anja Geerts, Annelies Van Hecke, Hans Van Vlierberghe, Nico Callewaert
Background and aims: Cirrhosis is the main risk factor for the development of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Six-monthly screening with ultrasound is advocated for the surveillance of cirrhotic patients. We recently showed that a glycomics-based test (GlycoCirrhoTest [GCT]) can provide additional information regarding the risk of HCC development in cirrhotic patients. Aims: Independent clinical validation
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CXCL14 suppresses the progression of colon cancer by regulating tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor microenvironment medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Yinjie Zhang, Yue Jin, Siyi Wang, Yuchen Niu, Buyong Ma, Jingjing Li
Background:The widespread silencing of CXCL14 in advanced colon cancer underscores the association between CXCL14 and the development of colon cancer. Some studies have demonstrated in vitro that CXCL14 can inhibit the growth and metastasis of colon cancer cell, and it has also been studied in other disease models for its regulation of immune cell infiltration. Aims: The aim of this study is to clarify
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A Cost-effectiveness analysis of Nivolumab plus chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic gastric/GEJ/oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the United States of America medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Jin Zhou, Yukai Tang, Geli Li
Background: Nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy significantly improves survival in patients with gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ)/esophageal adenocarcinoma.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Nivolumab plus chemotherapy for G/GEJ/esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods: A Markov model was developed on the basis of the US healthcare payers’ perspectives. We
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Perceptions of barriers and facilitators for cervical cancer screening from women and healthcare workers in Ghana: Applying the Dynamic Sustainability Framework. medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-27 ADWOA BEMAH BOAMAH MENSAH, Thomas Okpoti Konney, Ernest Adankwah, John Amuasi, Madalyn Nones, Joshua Okyere, Kwame Ofori Boadu, Felicia Maame Efua Eduah, Serena Xiong, J. Robin Moon, Beth A. Virnig, Shalini Kulasingam
Cervical cancer screening has reduced cervical cancer-related mortality by over 70% in countries that have achieved high coverage. However, there are significant geographic disparities in access to screening. In Ghana, although cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women, there is no national-level cervical cancer screening program, and only 2 to 4% of eligible Ghanaian women have ever
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Salbutamol, a short acting beta-2 agonist, reduces risk and improves prognosis of prostate cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Steven Lehrer, Peter H. Rheinstein
Background: Beta-blockers, a class of drugs commonly used to manage blood pressure, have been the subject of research regarding their relationship to prostate cancer risk, prognosis, and treatment. Beta blockers reduce risk and improve prognosis of prostate cancer. Perioperative use of a non-selective beta blocker improves outcome after radical prostatectomy. But a related class of drugs, beta 2 adrenergic
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Longitudinal glioma monitoring via cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA: one patient at a time medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Cecile Riviere-cazaux, Xiaoxi Dong, Wei Mo, Chao Dai, Lucas P. Carlstrom, Amanda Munoz-Casabella, Rahul Kumar, Keyvan Ghadimi, Cody L. Nesvick, Katherine M. Andersen, Matthew D. Hoplin, Nicholas Canaday, Ignacio Jusue-Torres, Noor Malik, Jian L. Campian, Michael W. Ruff, Joon H. Uhm, Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, Timothy J. Kaufmann, David M. Routman, Sani H. Kizilbash, Arthur E. Warrington, Robert B.
IMPORTANCE: Current methods for glioma treatment response assessment are limited. Intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may provide a previously untapped source of longitudinal biomarkers, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), for disease monitoring. OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of obtaining longitudinal intracranial CSF cfDNA from patients with gliomas during their disease course. DESIGN: This case
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Origin, pattern of bone metastasis and need for surgery in patients with Metastatic bone disease treated at tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania. A hospital based cross sectional study medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Mathias Ncheye, Honest Herman Massawe, Faiton Ndesanjo Mandari, Furaha Serventi, Peter Magembe, Rogers Temu, Elifuraha Maya
Introduction: Bones are the third most common sites for cancer metastasis after lung and liver. Bone metastasis cause skeletal complications (SRE’s) that affect the quality of life of patients with bone metastasis. Management of these patients depend on the primary tumor and pattern of bone metastasis. Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the origin, distribution pattern of bone metastases
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Determining Line of Therapy from Real-World Data in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Connor B Grady, Wei-Ting Hwang, Joshua E Reuss, Wade Iams, Amanda Cass, Geoffrey Liu, Devalben Patel, Stephen V Liu, Gabriela Liliana Bravo Montenegro, Tejas Patel, Jorge J Nieva, Amanda Herrmann, Kristen A Marrone, Vincent K Lam, William Schwartzman, Jonathan Dowell, Liza C Villaruz, Kelsey Leigh Miller, Jared Weiss, Fangdi Sun, Vamsidhar Velcheti, D. Ross Camidge, Charu Aggarwal, Lova Sun, Melina
Introduction: Determining lines of therapy (LOT) using real-world data is crucial to inform clinical decisions and support clinical research. Existing rules for determining LOT in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) do not incorporate the growing number of targeted therapies used in treatment today. Therefore, we propose rules for determining LOT from real-world data of patients
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FoRSHE-X digital health intervention to improve the quality of life during chemotherapy among gynecological cancer survivors in Indonesia: A protocol for a pilot and feasibility study medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Yati Afiyanti, Dyah Juliastuti, Winnie Kwok Wei So, Ariesta Milanti, Lina Anisa Nasution, Aprilia Dian Prawesti
Most Indonesian gynecological cancer survivors have unmet supportive care needs during chemotherapy, which may lower their quality of life and discontinue the treatment. Digital health intervention can address this issue. This pilot investigation aims to (1) examine the feasibility and acceptability of a Fighting on distRess, Self-efficacy, Health Effects, and seXual issues (FoRSHE-X) intervention
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Associations of Combined Phenotypic Aging and Genetic Risk with Incident Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Lijun Bian, Zhimin Ma, Xiangjin Fu, Chen Ji, Tianpei Wang, Caiwang Yan, Juncheng Dai, Hongxia Ma, Zhibin Hu, Hongbing Shen, Lu Wang, Meng Zhu, Guangfu Jin
Background Age is the most important risk factor for cancer, but aging rates are heterogeneous across individuals. We explored a new measure of aging-Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge)-in the risk prediction of site-specific and overall cancer. Methods Using Cox regression models, we examined the association of Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) with cancer incidence by genetic risk group among 374
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Whole-genome mapping of APOBEC mutagenesis in metastatic urothelial carcinoma identifies driver hotspot mutations and a novel mutational signature medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-21 J. Alberto Nakauma-González, Maud Rijnders, Minouk T. W. Noordsij, John W. M. Martens, Astrid van der Veldt, Martijn P. Lolkema, Joost L. Boormans, Harmen J.G. van de Werken
APOBEC enzymes mutate specific DNA sequences and hairpin-loop structures, challenging the distinction between passenger and driver hotspot mutations. Here, we characterized 115 whole-genomes of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) to identify APOBEC mutagenic hotspot drivers. APOBEC-associated mutations were detected in 92% of mUC and were equally distributed across the genome, while APOBEC hotpot
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Time trends in cardiac doses in 10,000 patients receiving curative thoracic radiation therapy between 2009 and 2020 medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Nora J Forbes, Cynthia Terrones-Campos, Abraham Smith, Joanne Reekie, Sune Darkner, Maja Maraldo, Mette Pøhl, Signe Risumlund, Lena Specht, Soren M Bentzen, Jens Petersen, Ivan Vogelius
Background and purpose In the last 20 years, it has become well-documented that incidental cardiac exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with a clinically relevant increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity. In parallel, radiation therapy technologies have been developed to provide target dose coverage with less exposure to adjacent organs at risk. In the current work, we investigate trends
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Longitudinal Case-Control Study of Active and Passive Dense Mammographic Breast Tissue medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Kendra A Batchelder, Basel White, Christina Cinelli, Amy Harrow, Christine Lary, Andre Khalil
Mammography is used as secondary prevention for breast cancer. Computer-aided detection and image-based short-term risk estimation were developed to improve the accuracy of mammography. However, most approaches inherently lack the ability to connect observations at the mammography level to observations of cancer onset and progression seen at a smaller scale, which can occur years before imageable cancer
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One effect and two causes: Growth acceleration and breast cancer risk after hormone replacement therapy medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Dieter Hölzel, Anne Schlesinger-Raab, Kathrin Halfter
Background An increased risk for breast cancer (BC) following hormone replacement therapy (HT) with estrogen and progesterone in women has been reported in several studies. However, HTs are associated with two distinct effects, a BC risk (RF) and an acceleration of BC growth (GAF). The interaction of both effects is analyzed.
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Multi-cancer early detection tests for general population screening: a systematic literature review medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Ros Wade, Sarah Nevitt, Yiwen Liu, Melissa Harden, Claire Khouja, Gary Raine, Rachel Churchill, Sofia Dias
Background: General population cancer screening in the UK is limited to selected cancers. Blood-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests aim to detect potential cancer signals from multiple cancers in the blood. The use of an MCED test for population screening requires a high specificity and a reasonable sensitivity to detect early-stage disease, so that the benefits of earlier diagnosis and
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Changes in serum CXCL13 levels are associated with outcomes of Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing First-Line Oxaliplatin-Based Treatment medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Sara Cabrero-de las Heras, Xavier Hernández-Yagüe, Andrea González, Ferran Losa, Gemma Soler, Cristina Bugés, Iosune Baraibar, Anna Esteve, Miguel Angel Pardo-Cea, Anne Hansen Ree, Neus Martínez-Bosch, Maria Nieva, Eva Musulen, Sebastian Meltzer, Tania Lobato, Carla Vendrell-Ayats, Cristina Queralt, Pilar Navarro, Clara Montagut, Ferran Grau-Leal, David Camacho, Raquel Legido, Nuria Mulet-Margalef
Background: Reliable biomarkers for precision medicine in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are needed. Blood biomarkers like chemokines may offer insights into overall tumor burden, yet, few prospective studies explore chemokine dynamics during treatment. This study investigates the behavior of a chemokine panel in mCRC patients during first-line oxaliplatin-based treatment, aiming to identify predictive
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Liquid Biopsy for Detection of Pancreaticobiliary Cancers in Suspected Patients by Functional Enrichment and Immunofluorescent Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells and their Clusters. medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Andrew Gaya, Nitesh Rohatgi, Sewanti Limaye, Aditya Shreenivas, Ramin Ajami, Dadasaheb Akolkar, Vineet Datta, Ajay Srinivasan, Darshana Patil
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have historically been used for prognostication in oncology. We evaluate performance of liquid biopsy CTC assay as a diagnostic tool in suspected pancreaticobiliary cancers. The assay utilises functional enrichment of CTCs followed by immunofluorescent profiling of organ specific markers. Methods Multicentric case control study was followed by a prospective
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Co-occurring infections in cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors significantly increase the risk of immune related adverse events medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Tigran Makunts, Siranuysh Grabska, Hovakim Grabski, Ruben Abagyan
Therapeutic antibodies designed to target immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 have been applied in the treatment of various tumor types, including small and non-small cell lung cancers, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and others. These treatments combat cancers by reactivating CD8 cytotoxic T-cells. Nevertheless, this unique targeted mode of action was found to be associated
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GX-I7(rhIL-7-hyFc, efineptakin alfa), a long-acting IL-7, safely and effectively increased peripheral CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and TILs in patients with solid tumors medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Joohyuk Sohn, Tae Won Kim, Su-Hyung Park, Gun Min Kim, Sojeong Kim, Myung Ah Lee, Mi-Sun Byun, Donghoon Choi, Se Hwan Yang, JungWon Woo, Young Chul Sung, Eui-Cheol Shin
Purpose: GX-I7 (rhIL-7-hyFc, efineptakin alfa) is a hybrid Fc-fused long-acting recombinant human interleukin-7 (IL-7) developed by Genexine, Inc. with the aim of correcting T-cell deficiency, thereby strengthening the immune response to fight against cancer. This Phase 1b trial (NCT03478995) was designed to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of GX-I7
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The demand of cancer patients to anticipate the management of undernutrition: is a nutrition prehabilitation before treatment conceivable as supportive care to improve quality of life? Argument for the NEHOTEL concept. medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Philippe POUILLART, Flore DEPEINT, Isabelle SOULA, Bruno RAYNARD
Purpose: Our translational research team in nutrition and cancer works to identify changes in eating and cooking behaviors since the diagnosis. Educational tools have been standardized as supportive care workshops in culinary practice and nutrition to enhance quality of life with regards to symptoms associated with treatment. Ongoing work with a cluster of expert patients led to the conclusion that
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Internal Validation of Automated Visual Evaluation (AVE) on Smartphone Images for Cervical Cancer Screening in a Prospective Study in Zambia medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Liming Hu, Mulindi H. Mwanahamuntu, Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe, Caroline Barrett, Matthew P. Horning, Ishan Shah, Zohreh Laverriere, Dipayan Banik, Ye Ji, Aaron Lunda Shibemba, Samson Chisele, Mukatimui Kalima Munalula, Friday Kaunga, Francis Musonda, Evans Malyangu, Karen Milch Hariharan, Groesbeck P. Parham
Objectives: Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is a low-cost approach for cervical cancer screening used in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) but, similar to other visual tests like histopathology, is subjective and requires sustained training and quality assurance. We developed, trained, and validated an artificial-intelligence-based "Automated Visual Evaluation" (AVE) tool that
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Unveiling Circulating Targets in Pancreatic Cancer: Insights from Proteogenomic Evidence and Clinical Cohorts medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Haokang Feng, Zhixue Chen, Jianang Li, Jiale Feng, Fei Yang, Fansheng Meng, Hanlin Yin, Yuquan Guo, Huaxiang Xu, Yuxin Liu, Runjie Liu, Wenhui Lou, Liang Liu, Xu Han, Hua Su, Lei Zhang
Pancreatic cancer (PC), lacking biomarkers and effective therapeutics, remains highly lethal. Data regarding the correlations of PC risk and the individual plasma proteome known for minimally cancer biomarkers, are scarce. Here, we measure 1,345 human plasma proteins via Proteome-Wide Association Studies, presenting 78 proteins are prominently related to PC risk, including 4 proteins (ROR1, FN1, APOA5
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WAVELET-BASED AUTOMATIC PECTORAL MUSCLE SEGMENTATION FOR MAMMOGRAMS medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Basel White, Amy Harrow, Christina Cinelli, Kendra Batchelder, Andre Khalil
The computational analysis to assist radiologists in the interpretation of mammograms usually requires a pre-processing step where the image is converted into a black and white mask to separate breast tissue from the pectoral muscle and the image background. The manual delineation of the breast tissue from the mammogram image is subjective and time-consuming. The 2D Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima
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British Oncology Pharmacy Association Delphi Consensus Guidelines: co-infusion of trometamol-containing calcium folinate (leucovorin) with Systemic Anti-Cancer Treatments medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Calum Polwart, Tim Root, Songül Tezcan, Sharon Meehan, Bill Wetherill, Chloë Waterson, Bruce Burnett, Rena Chauhan, Ibrahim Al-Modaris, Rhiannon Walters-Davies, British Oncology Pharmacy Association
Drug stability and compatibility are critical factors influencing the therapeutic effectiveness, patient safety, and cost of pharmaceuticals. This is particularly significant in the realm of chemotherapeutics, where stability and compatibility studies play a vital role in ensuring rational and safe medicine administration. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and irinotecan, commonly used in various combination
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Localized high-risk prostate cancer harbors an androgen receptor low subpopulation susceptible to HER2 inhibition medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Scott Wilkinson, Anson T. Ku, Rosina T. Lis, Isaiah M. King, Daniel Low, Shana Y. Trostel, John R. Bright, Nicholas T. Terrigino, Anna Baj, John M. Fenimore, Chennan Li, BaoHan Vo, Caroline S. Jansen, Huihui Ye, Nichelle C. Whitlock, Stephanie A. Harmon, Nicole V. Carrabba, Rayann Atway, Ross Lake, Haydn T. Kissick, Peter A. Pinto, Peter L. Choyke, Baris Turkbey, William L. Dahut, Fatima Karzai, Adam
Patients diagnosed with localized high-risk prostate cancer have uncertain outcomes, and the introduction of neoadjuvant intensive hormonal therapies seeks to treat occult micrometastatic disease by its addition to radical local therapy. Sufficient profiling of baseline disease has remained a challenge in enabling the in-depth assessment of phenotypes associated with exceptional vs. poor pathologic
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SJPedPanel: A pan-cancer gene panel for childhood malignancies medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Pandurang Kolekar, Vidya Balagopal, Li Dong, Yanling Liu, Scott Foy, Quang Tran, Heather Mulder, Anna LW Huskey, Emily Plyler, Zhikai Liang, Jingqun Ma, Joy Nakitandwe, Jiali Gu, Maria Namwanje, Jamie Maciaszek, Debbie Payne-Turner, Saradhi Mallampati, Lu Wang, John Easton, Jeffery M Klco, Xiaotu Ma
Background Large scale genomics projects have identified driver alterations for most childhood cancers that provide reliable biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring using targeted sequencing. However, there is lack of a comprehensive panel that matches the list of known driver genes. Here we fill this gap by developing SJPedPanel for childhood cancers. Results SJPedPanel covers 5,275
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Scientific Evidence of Prostate Cancer Progression Outcomes in Transgender Females after Hormone Replacement Therapy-Scoping Review Protocol medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Brenna McAllister, Mylan Panteah, Emily Nelson, Britta Petersen, Katie Hoskins, Sherli Koshy-Chenthittayil, Leslie A. Caromile
Transgender females undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as a component of the gender affirmation treatment (GAT) commonly retain their prostate, rendering them susceptible to developing prostate cancer (PC). Currently, patients with localized PC receive endocrine therapy (e.g., androgen ablation/castration). Once metastatic, patients undergo standard chemotherapy and/or novel treatment. Unfortunately
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Comparison of Machine Leaning Models for Prediction of Acute Pain Severity and On-Treatment Opioid Utilization in Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy: Exploratory Analysis from a Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort. medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Vivian Salama, Laia Humbert-Vidan, Brandon Godinich, Kareem A. Wahid, Dina El-Habashy, Mohamed A. Naser, Renjie He, Abdallah Sherif Radwan Mohamed, Ariana J. Sahli, Katherine A. Hutcheson, Gary B. Gunn, David I. Rosenthal, Clifton D. Fuller, Amy C. Moreno
Abstract: Background: Acute pain is a common and debilitating symptom experienced by oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer (OC/OPC) patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT). Uncontrolled pain can result in opioid overuse and increased risks of long-term opioid dependence. The specific aim of this exploratory analysis was the prediction of severe acute pain and opioid use in the acute on-treatment
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Ultra-low coverage fragmentomic model of cell-free DNA for cancer detection based on whole-exome regions medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Apiwat Sangphukieo, Pitiporn Noisagul, Patcharawadee Thongkumkoon, Parunya Chaiyawat
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has shown promise as a non-invasive biomarker for cancer screening and monitoring. The current advanced machine learning (ML) model, known as DNA evaluation of fragments for early interception (DELFI), utilizes the short and long fragmentation pattern of cfDNA and has demonstrated exceptional performance. However, the application of cfDNA-based model can be limited by the high
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Dynamic phospho-proteogenomic analysis of gastric cancer cells suggests host immunity provides survival benefit medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Kohei Kume, Midori Iida, Takeshi Iwaya, Akiko Yashima-Abo, Yuka Koizumi, Akari Konta, Kaitlin Wade, Hayato Hiraki, Valerie Calvert, Julia Wulfkuhle, Virginia Espina, Doris R. Siwak, Yiling Lu, Kazuhiro Takemoto, Yutaka Suzuki, Yasushi Sasaki, Takashi Tokino, Emanuel Petricoin, Lance A. Liotta, Gordon B. Mills, Satoshi S. Nishizuka.
The mainstay of advanced gastric cancer (GC) therapy is DNA-damaging drugs. Using proteogenomic analysis of a panel of eight GC cell lines, we identified genetic alterations and signaling pathways, potentially associated with resistance to DNA-damaging drugs. Notably, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) resistance was associated with PD-L1 expression, but not established GC subtypes. In publicly available cohort
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Immunotherapy Efficacy Prediction in Cancer: An Artificial Intelligence Approach with Unannotated H&E Whole-Slide Images medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Gabriel Dominguez Conde, Talha Qaiser, Evan Wu, Carlos Eduardo de Andrea, Jennifer Shields, Ronen Artzi, Harish RaviPrakash, Kenneth Irabor, Paul Metcalfe, Joachim Reischl
Developing a solution to predict clinical outcomes for immunotherapy that is accurate, scalable, affordable, clinically meaningful, and globally accessible is an unmet medical need. Precise prediction of patient response to immunotherapy from pretreatment biopsy images will enable the delivery of immuno-oncology drugs to suitable patients and reduce the risk of administering unnecessary toxicity to
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Pre-existing cancer cells and induced fibroblasts are key cells for early chemoresistance in ovarian cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Langyu Gu, Shasha He, Linxiang Wu, Yu Zeng, Yang Zhang, Chenqing Zheng, Chuling Wu, Huishan Xu, Xiaoyan Zhang, Hongwei Shen, Shuzhong Yao, Yufeng Ren, Guofen Yang
Chemoresistance has long been a significant but unresolved issue in the treatment of various cancers, including the most deadly gynecological cancer, the high-grade serous ovary cancer (HGSOC). In this study, single nuclei transcriptome analyses were utilized to identify key cells and core networks for chemoresistance in HGSOC patients with different early responses to platinum-based chemotherapy at
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Use of natural language understanding to facilitate surgical de-escalation of axillary staging in patients with breast cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Neil Carleton, Gilan Saadawi, Priscilla F McAuliffe, Atilla Soran, Steffi Oesterreich, Adrian Lee, Emilia J Diego
Natural language understanding (NLU) may be particularly well-equipped for enhanced data capture from the electronic health record (EHR) given its examination of both content- and context-driven extraction. We developed and applied a NLU model to examine rates of pathological node positivity (pN+) and rates of lymphedema to determine if omission of routine axillary staging could be extended to younger
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Spatial mapping of the hepatocellular carcinoma landscape identifies unique intratumoural perivascular-immune neighbourhoods medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Felix Marsh-Wakefield, Cositha Santhakumar, Angela Louise Ferguson, Thomas Miles Ashhurst, Joo-Shik Shin, Fiona Hui Xian Guan, Nicholas James Shields, Barry John Platt, Givanna H Putri, Carlo Pulitano, Ruta Gupta, Michael Crawford, Charbel Sandroussi, Jerome Martin Laurence, Ken Liu, Geoffrey W McCaughan, Umaimainthan Palendira
Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in the context of chronic inflammation, however, the opposing roles the immune system plays in both the development and control of tumours is not fully understood. Mapping immune cell interactions across the distinct tissue regions could provide greater insight into the role individual immune populations have within tumours. Methods: A 39-parameter
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Circulating serum miRNAs predict response to platinum chemotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer medRxiv. Oncol. Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Kazuhiro Suzuki, Akira Yokoi, Juntaro Matsuzaki, Kosuke Yoshida, Yusuke Yamamoto, Tomoyasu Kato, Mitsuya Ishikawa, Takahiro Ochiya, Hiroaki Kajiyama
Background: Platinum chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for high–grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC); however, validated biomarkers that can accurately predict platinum response are lacking. Based on their roles in the underlying pathophysiology, circulating microRNAs are potential, noninvasive biomarkers in cancer. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the circulating miRNA profiles