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Strategies to target the central nervous system HIV reservoir. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Andrea Mastrangelo, Lucio Gama, Paola Cinque
The central nervous system (CNS) is an hotspot for HIV persistence and may be a major obstacle to overcome for curative strategies. The peculiar anatomical, tissular and cellular characteristics of the HIV reservoir in the CNS may need to be specifically addressed to achieve a long-term HIV control without ART. In this review, we will discuss the critical challenges that currently explored curative
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"Block and lock" viral integration sites in persons with drug-free control of HIV-1 infection. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Benjamin Bone, Mathias Lichterfeld
Elite controllers (ECs) and Posttreatment controllers (PTCs) represent a small subset of individuals who are capable of maintaining drug-free control of HIV plasma viral loads despite the persistence of a replication-competent viral reservoir. This review aims to curate recent experimental studies evaluating viral reservoirs that distinguish EC/PTC and may contribute to their ability to maintain undetectable
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Harnessing natural killer cells to target HIV-1 persistence. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Vinita R Joshi, Marcus Altfeld
The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the role of natural killer (NK) cells in approaches aimed at reducing the latent HIV-1 reservoir.
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New latency-promoting agents for a block-and-lock functional cure strategy. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Eline Pellaers, Alexe Denis, Zeger Debyser
Currently, HIV-infected patients are treated with antiretroviral therapy. However, when the treatment is interrupted, viral rebound occurs from latently infected cells. Therefore, scientists aim to develop an HIV-1 cure which eradicates or permanently silences the latent reservoir.
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Harnessing immune cells to eliminate HIV reservoirs. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Paula Grasberger, Abigail R Sondrini, Kiera L Clayton
Despite decades of insights about how CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells contribute to natural control of infection, additional hurdles (mutational escape from cellular immunity, sequence diversity, and hard-to-access tissue reservoirs) will need to be overcome to develop a cure. In this review, we highlight recent findings of novel mechanisms of antiviral cellular immunity and discuss current
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Age at ART initiation and proviral reservoir size in perinatal HIV-1 infection: considerations for ART-free remission. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Soumia Bekka, Kristen Kelly, Mareike Haaren, Adit Dhummakupt, Deborah Persaud
Achieving ART-free remission without the need for lifelong antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a new objective in HIV-1 therapeutics. This review comprehensively examines the literature to evaluate whether the age at ART initiation in children with perinatal HIV-1influences the size and decay of the HIV-1 reservoir. The insights gathered from this review serve to inform the field on the unique dynamics
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Targeting noncoding RNAs to reactivate or eliminate latent HIV reservoirs. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Nadejda Beliakova-Bethell
Expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is more tissue and cell type-specific than expression of protein-coding genes. Understanding the mechanisms of action of ncRNAs and their roles in HIV replication and latency may inform targets for the latent HIV reservoir reactivation or elimination with high specificity to CD4+ T cells latently infected with HIV.
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Pharmacological approaches to promote cell death of latent HIV reservoirs. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Marilia Rita Pinzone, Liang Shan
HIV requires lifelong antiviral treatment due to the persistence of a reservoir of latently infected cells. Multiple strategies have been pursued to promote the death of infected cells.
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Targeting HIV persistence in the tissue. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Daan K J Pieren, Aleix Benítez-Martínez, Meritxell Genescà
The complex nature and distribution of the HIV reservoir in tissue of people with HIV remains one of the major obstacles to achieve the elimination of HIV persistence. Challenges include the tissue-specific states of latency and viral persistence, which translates into high levels of reservoir heterogeneity. Moreover, the best strategies to reach and eliminate these reservoirs may differ based on the
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HIV-1 subtypes and latent reservoirs. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Udaykumar Ranga, Arun Panchapakesan, Chhavi Saini
We explore the current status of research on HIV-1 subtype-specific variations and their impact on HIV-1 latency. We also briefly address the controversy surrounding the decision-making process governing the ON/OFF states of HIV-1 transcription, specifically focusing on the regulatory elements, the long terminal repeat (LTR), and Tat. Understanding the decision-making process is crucial for developing
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The pathogenesis of obesity in people living with HIV. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Samuel S Bailin,John R Koethe,Peter F Rebeiro
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The public health challenge of overweight and obesity increasingly affects people living with HIV (PWH). These effects have also accelerated as the prevalence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use has increased among PWH. It is therefore also critical that we examine and understand the pathogenesis of obesity among PWH.This review will aim to summarize relevant and recent literature
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Clinical consequences of weight gain during treatment for HIV infection. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Andrew Hill,Willem Daniel Francois Venter
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The introduction of dolutegravir, an oral integrase inhibitor, within public health HIV programs has been a success, with excellent sustained viral load suppression, persistence, and safety. Initial concerns around integrase-inhibitors being implicated in safety concerns around immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS), neural tube defects, and weight gain, have been largely
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Recent data on the role of antiretroviral therapy in weight gain and obesity in persons living with HIV. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Jacqueline Capeau, Claire Lagathu, Véronique Béréziat
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has long been implicated in fat alterations and weight variations leading to cardiometabolic consequences. Recent largely prescribed antiretrovirals (ARVs) from the integrase-strand-transfer-inhibitor (INSTI) class have been associated with excessive weight gain/obesity in a minority of persons with HIV (PWH). As well, in the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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Intersections between HIV and obesity in emerging economies. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Jacob Levi,Cassandra Fairhead,Andrew Hill
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV epidemics are increasing in many emerging economy countries, whilst the very process of 'economic emergence' is obesogenic. Annual deaths related to obesity and overweight are now four times more than for HIV globally. We describe the intersections between HIV and obesity in emerging economies, and highlight potential mitigation options, including antiobesity medications (AOMs)
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Is an HIV vaccine still achievable? Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 James G Kublin
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Progress with induction of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in the Duke Consortia for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Barton F Haynes, Kevin Wiehe, S Munir Alam, Drew Weissman, Kevin O Saunders
Design of an HIV vaccine that can induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a major goal. However, HIV bnAbs are not readily made by the immune system. Rather HIV bnAbs are disfavored by a number of virus and host factors. The purpose of the review is to discuss recent progress made in the design and use of immunogens capable of inducing HIV bnAbs in the Duke Consortia for HIV/AIDS Vaccine
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Generating and measuring effective vaccine-elicited HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Gina M Borgo, Rachel L Rutishauser
There is growing consensus that eliciting CD8+ T cells in addition to antibodies may be required for an effective HIV vaccine for both prevention and cure. Here, we review key qualities of vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells as well as major CD8+ T cell-based delivery platforms used in recent HIV vaccine clinical trials.
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Targeting enhanced neutralizing antibody responses via increased germinal center activity: early-phase vaccine trials with novel clinical designs. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 William O Hahn, Joshua A Hill, James G Kublin
Recent advances in the understanding of the difficult immunologic requirements for the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV have spurred interest in optimizing vaccine approaches intended to stimulate a robust germinal center reaction. In preclinical models, techniques to optimize the germinal center response have included alterations in the timing, dose, and delivery method of immunogens
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Discovery medicine - the HVTN's iterative approach to developing an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing vaccine. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Troy M Martin, Sam T Robinson, Yunda Huang
In the past two decades, there has been an explosion in the discovery of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and associated vaccine strategies to induce them. This abundance of approaches necessitates a system that accurately and expeditiously identifies the most promising regimens. We herein briefly review the background science of bnAbs, provide a description of the first round of phase
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Accelerating HIV vaccine development through meaningful engagement of local scientists and communities. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Kundai Chinyenze, Eunice Nduati, Vincent Muturi-Kioi
There is a need to conduct multiple experimental medicine trials in regions with significant burden of disease to ensure the global relevance of vaccines under development including the African context.
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Guiding HIV-1 vaccine development with preclinical nonhuman primate research. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 James A Counts, Kevin O Saunders
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are seen as the closest animal model to humans in terms of anatomy and immune system makeup. Here, we review how preclinical studies in this model system are teaching the field of HIV vaccinology the basic immunology that is needed to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) with vaccination and elicit protective T cell responses. These lessons are being translated into
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Control groups for HIV prevention efficacy trials: what does the future hold? Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Holly Janes, Susan Buchbinder
Ending the HIV epidemic will require the development of additional effective immune-mediated and nonimmune-mediated means of HIV prevention. Evaluating novel interventions requires large, controlled trials demonstrating efficacy. Recent advances in the field of HIV prevention necessitate new approaches to efficacy trial design.
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'Immunization during ART and ATI for HIV-1 vaccine discovery/development'. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Leonidas Stamatatos
Explore whether immunization with germline-targeting Env immunogens during ART, followed by ATI, leads to the identification of viral envelope glycoproteins (Envs) that promote and guide the full maturation of broadly neutralizing antibody responses.
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Anticipating HIV viral escape - resistance to active and passive immunization. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Carolyn Williamson, Rebecca M Lynch, Penny L Moore
Active and passive immunization strategies are challenged by the extraordinary diversity of HIV, and the need for high titers of neutralizing antibodies to confer protective immunity. This review summarises recent studies and the barrier that these interventions will need to overcome to prevent viral resistance.
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Features of functional and dysfunctional CD8+ T cells to guide HIV vaccine development. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Shaown Bhattacharyya, Charles R Crain, Benjamin Goldberg, Gaurav D Gaiha
CD8+ T cell responses are a key component of the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but vary significantly across individuals with distinct clinical outcomes. These differences help inform the qualitative features of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells that we should aim to induce by vaccination.
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The changing use and program costs of HIV-related laboratory testing over 20 years in an HIV cohort. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Jessica Dalere, Raynell Lang, Hartmut B Krentz, Brenda Beckthold, M John Gill
The improved health of persons with HIV (PWH) resulting from antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to recommendations for reduced laboratory monitoring. We studied, for all PWH in care over 20 years at the Southern Alberta Clinic (SAC), Canada, the changing use and results of HIV-specific laboratory testing [i.e., CD4+ testing, plasma HIV viral load (PVL), and genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing
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Single-cell multiomic understanding of HIV-1 reservoir at epigenetic, transcriptional, and protein levels. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-17 Michelle Wong, Yulong Wei, Ya-Chi Ho
The success of HIV-1 eradication strategies relies on in-depth understanding of HIV-1-infected cells. However, HIV-1-infected cells are extremely heterogeneous and rare. Single-cell multiomic approaches resolve the heterogeneity and rarity of HIV-1-infected cells.
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HIV-1 transcriptional modulation: novel host factors and prospective therapeutic strategies. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-17 Quentin M R Gibaut, Luisa P Mori, Susana T Valente
This review highlights advances in HIV transcription and epigenetic latency mechanisms and outlines current therapeutic approaches to eliminate or block the HIV-1 latent reservoir.
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Decrypting biological hallmarks of aging in people with HIV. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Thomas A Premeaux,Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV infection adds further complexity to the heterogenous process of aging. In this focused review, we examine and discuss recent advances to better elucidate mechanisms of biological aging perturbed and accelerated in the context of HIV, particularly among those with viral suppression through the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). New hypotheses from these studies are poised
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Impact of early antiretroviral therapy, early life immunity and immune sex differences on HIV disease and posttreatment control in children. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Nicholas G Herbert,Philip J R Goulder
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent insights into the factors affecting HIV disease progression in children living with HIV, contrasting outcomes: following early ART initiation with those in natural, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive infection; in children versus adults; and in female individuals versus male individuals. RECENT FINDINGS Early life immune polarization and several factors associated
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Antibody interventions in HIV: broadly neutralizing mAbs in children. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-6-6 Gbolahan Ajibola, Gaerolwe Masheto, Roger Shapiro
Treatment strategies for children with HIV are evolving, with considerations beyond plasma viremic control that raise the possibility of reducing or eliminating latent reservoirs to achieve posttreatment control. Novel strategies that maintain HIV viral suppression and allow time off small molecule antiretroviral therapy (ART) are of high priority. Trials with broadly neutralizing mAbs (bNAbs) have
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Divide and conquer: broadly neutralizing antibody combinations for improved HIV-1 viral coverage. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Kshitij Wagh,Michael S Seaman
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Successful HIV-1 prevention and therapy will require broad and potent coverage of within-host and global viral diversity. Broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) combination and multispecific therapeutics provide an opportunity to meet this challenge due to the complementary activity of individual antibody components. Here, we review the principles and applications of this concept. RECENT
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Delivery platforms for broadly neutralizing antibodies. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Lok R Joshi, Nicolás M S Gálvez, Sukanya Ghosh, David B Weiner, Alejandro B Balazs
Passive administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is being evaluated as a therapeutic approach to prevent or treat HIV infections. However, a number of challenges face the widespread implementation of passive transfer for HIV. To reduce the need of recurrent administrations of bNAbs, gene-based delivery approaches have been developed which overcome the limitations of passive transfer
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Broadly neutralizing antibodies and long-acting antiretroviral drugs as treatments for HIV. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Daniel R Kuritzkes
To discuss progress and challenges in the development of antiretroviral regimens that combine broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and long-acting (LA) small-molecule antiretroviral drugs (ARVs).
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Development of screening assays for use of broadly neutralizing antibodies in people with HIV. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Rebecca M Lynch, Katharine J Bar
Treatment with combinations of complementary broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) has increased the proportion of participants for whom bnAbs can maintain virus suppression upon cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). There remains, however, a population of trial participants who experience virus rebound despite high plasma concentrations of bnAbs. Thus, baseline resistance remains a critical
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Polyfunctionality of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-09 Lou-Léna Vrignaud,Olivier Schwartz,Timothée Bruel
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The discovery of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) has provided a framework for vaccine design and created new hope toward an HIV-1 cure. These antibodies recognize the HIV-1 Envelope and inhibit viral fusion with unprecedented breadth and potency. Beyond their unique neutralization capacity, bNAbs also activate immune cells and interfere with viral spread through nonneutralizing
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Broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV treatment and cure approaches. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Giacomo Schmidt Frattari,Marina Caskey,Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, clinical trials have explored broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) as treatment and cure of HIV. Here, we summarize the current knowledge, review the latest clinical studies, and reflect on the potential role of bNAbs in future applications in HIV treatment and cure strategies. RECENT FINDINGS In most individuals who switch from standard antiretroviral therapy
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Engineering strategies of Anti-HIV antibody therapeutics in clinical development. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Nicole Pihlstrom,Stylianos Bournazos
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-based therapeutics offer an alternative treatment option to current antiretroviral drugs. This review aims to provide an overview of the Fc- and Fab-engineering strategies that have been developed to optimize broadly neutralizing antibodies and discuss recent findings from preclinical and clinical studies. RECENT FINDINGS Multispecific
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Vaccinal effect of HIV-1 antibody therapy: dream or reality? Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 Mar Naranjo-Gomez,Mireia Pelegrin
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent studies reporting the induction of vaccinal effects by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) antibody therapy. It also puts into perspective preclinical studies that have identified mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory properties of antiviral antibodies. Finally, it discusses potential therapeutic interventions to enhance host adaptive immune responses
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The intertwined epidemics of HIV and COVID-19 - emerging data and responses. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Matthew Spinelli,Monica Gandhi,Agostino Riva
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The origins of new SARS-COV-2 variants in immunocompromised individuals Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Anna C. Riddell, Teresa Cutino-Moguel
Purpose of review To explore the origins of new severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in immunocompromised individuals and whether the emergence of novel mutations in these individuals is responsible for the development of variants of concern (VOC). Recent findings Next generation sequencing of samples from chronically infected immunocompromised patients has enabled identification
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Long COVID in people living with HIV Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-20 Michael J. Peluso, Annukka A.R. Antar
Purpose of review It is now recognized that SARS-CoV-2 infection can have a long-term impact on health. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding Long COVID in people living with HIV (PLWH). Recent findings PLWH may be at elevated risk of experiencing Long COVID. Although the mechanisms contributing to Long COVID are incompletely understood, there are several demographic and
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The severity of COVID-19 across the spectrum of HIV Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-17 Kathleen W. Miller, Rajesh T. Gandhi
Purpose of review We review the intersection between the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics, particularly the impact of HIV infection on the development of severe COVID-19. Recent findings Studies early in the COVID-19 pandemic did not find a clear link between HIV infection and increased COVID-19 severity or mortality. People with HIV (PWH) were more likely to have severe COVID-19, but much of the risk
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Barriers and facilitators related to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake among people living with HIV Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-17 Kristen D. Krause, Rafael E. Pérez-Figueroa, Perry N. Halkitis
Purpose of review This review reports on the myriad barriers and facilitators related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and factors contribution to uptake among people living with HIV (PLWH) globally published over the past year (2021–2022). Recent findings Across the literature, participants indicated concerns about the safety, efficacy and overall rapid development of the COVID-19 vaccine as a reason
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The effect of HIV on COVID-19 vaccine responses Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-14 Itzchak Levy, Galia Rahav
Purpose of review Persons living with HIV (PLWH) may have a moderately increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection, especially if viral load is not controlled and if they are immunosuppressed. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is the most effective measure to prevent morbidity and mortality. However, individuals with HIV/AIDS may have less protection after vaccination. The purpose
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Gender and sex considerations in HIV and bone health Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Mei J. Tang, Adrian Alexander, Jennifer F. Hoy
Purpose of review People with HIV (PWHIV) are at increased risk for osteoporosis and fractures, because of the effects of HIV and inflammation and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation as well as traditional risk factors. This review from recent literature focuses on sex differences in rates of bone disease, risk of fractures, and effects of ART. Recent findings Women with HIV in resource-constrained
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Defining multimorbidity in people with HIV – what matters most? Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Luxsena Sukumaran, Caroline A. Sabin
Purpose of review Although multimorbidity (defined as the coexistence of multiple conditions) presents significant health challenges to people with HIV, there is currently no consensus on how it should be defined among this population. This review aimed to examine the definition of multimorbidity in existing studies among people with HIV (n = 22). Recent findings Variation in the definition of multimorbidity
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HIV and obesity: updates in management strategies Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Luis Parra-Rodriguez, Jane A. O’Halloran
Purpose of review Weight gain has emerged as an important problem in people with HIV (PWH). When dealing with obesity, PWH face additional challenges to those without HIV. Understanding the nature of the problem and the modern evidence is essential to optimize management and identify knowledge gaps. Recent findings Some PWH treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) gain unhealthy amounts of weight
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Do sleep disturbances contribute to comorbidities in HIV? Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Ken M. Kunisaki
Purpose of review To highlight recent publications about sleep disorders and sleep health in adult persons with HIV (PWH), with a focus on how sleep relates to comorbidities in PWH. Recent findings Sleep disorders are more common in PWH than in seronegative controls, especially insomnia, with four different recent studies estimating insomnia prevalence in PWH at 21–35%. Sleep apnea prevalence estimates
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Host factors predisposing to kidney disease in people with HIV Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Rachel K.Y. Hung, Cheryl A. Winkler, Frank A. Post
Purpose of review To highlight advances in understanding of host factors, in particular host genetics, in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with HIV. Recent findings In Black populations, the G1 and G2 variants of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene predispose to HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). The risk of HIVAN is mostly confined to individuals with two APOL1 variants
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HIV and chronic lung disease Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Janice M. Leung
Purpose of review As people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH) age, aging-related comorbidities have come into focus as major challenges to their overall health. In this review, an in-depth overview of the two most commonly encountered chronic lung diseases in PLWH, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, is provided. Recent findings The risk for both COPD
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HIV and comorbidities – the importance of gut inflammation and the kynurenine pathway Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Rachel MacCann, Alan L. Landay, Patrick W.G. Mallon
Purpose of review The purpose of this article is to review alterations in microbiota composition, diversity, and functional features in the context of chronic inflammation and comorbidities associated with HIV infection. Recent findings The gut microbiome is an important mediator of host immunity, and disruption of gut homeostasis can contribute to both systemic inflammation and immune activation
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Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on co-morbidities in HIV Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Giovanni Guaraldi, Jovana Milic
Purpose of review This perspective paper offers some reflections on an hypothesized changing scenario of HIV comorbidities in the years to come and provides some insights on how to improve screening and management of people with HIV (PWH) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. Recent findings PWH may experience a higher burden of excess disease and mortality associated with noninfectious
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HIV and co-morbidities - an evolving, global view. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Patrick W G Mallon
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Whole person HIV services: a social science approach Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Alastair Van Heerden, Hilton Humphries, Elvin Geng
Purpose of review Globally, approximately 38.4 million people who are navigating complex lives, are also living with HIV, while HIV incident cases remain high. To improve the effectiveness of HIV prevention and treatment service implementation, we need to understand what drives human behaviour and decision-making around HIV service use. This review highlights current thinking in the social sciences
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Public health services and intersectional stigma: a social sciences perspective with implications for HIV service design and delivery Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Rayner Kay Jin Tan, Weiming Tang, Joseph D. Tucker
Purpose of review Understanding stigma is important for improving HIV care services and gaps in HIV service delivery have been attributed to stigma. This review article synthesizes recent evidence on stigma and its implications for HIV service design and delivery. Given the intersectional nature of stigma, we will focus on HIV stigma as well as related forms of stigma based on one's race, sexual identity
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A world of choices: preference elicitation methods for improving the delivery and uptake of HIV prevention and treatment Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Andrew D. Kerkhoff, Charles Muiruri, Elvin H. Geng, Matthew D. Hickey
Purpose of review Despite the growing availability of effective HIV prevention and treatment interventions, there are large gaps in their uptake and sustained use across settings. It is crucial to elicit and apply patients’ and stakeholders’ preferences to maximize the impact of existing and future interventions. This review summarizes quantitative preference elicitation methods (PEM) and how they
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Promoting patient-centered care within HIV care settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Juddy Wachira, Becky L Genberg, Ira B Wilson
Patient centered care (PCC) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) may improve outcomes for persons with HIV (PWH). We review the progress the region has made in promoting PCC and highlight some of the implementation challenges and potential areas of research.
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Nongovernmental organizations supporting the HIV service delivery response in Africa - an engine for innovation. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-11 Izukanji Sikazwe, Carolyn Bolton-Moore, Michael B Herce
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are pivotal to the HIV response, supporting access to HIV services since the start of the epidemic. Against the backdrop of the impact of NGOs, is the recognition of the unique role that local NGOs bring to the HIV response, drawing from their deep understanding of the context and knowledge of local health problems.
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HIV cure: an acceptability scientific agenda. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-09 Evelyn Y Bonney, Helena Lamptey, George B Kyei
Recent years have seen major investments into HIV cure research, seeking a permanent cure or remission. The purpose of this review is to consider how this important research agenda could be broadened to include issues of acceptability and appropriateness for different populations.