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Impact of respiratory viral infections on nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization dynamics in children. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Leigh M Howard, Carlos G Grijalva
Prevention of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children is a global health priority, as these remain a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. As new products and strategies to prevent respiratory infections caused by important pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumococcus
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Completion of multidose vaccine series in early childhood: current challenges and opportunities. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Sarah Y Michels, Matthew F Daley, Sophia R Newcomer
Completion of all doses in multidose vaccine series provides optimal protection against preventable infectious diseases. In this review, we describe clinical and public health implications of multidose vaccine series noncompletion, including current challenges to ensuring children receive all recommended vaccinations. We then highlight actionable steps toward achieving early childhood immunization
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Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in older adults: a narrative review. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Christelle Elias, Marta C Nunes, Mitra Saadatian-Elahi
This review covers updated perspectives on different aspects of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP), including the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, antibiotic treatment, and existing preventive strategies in older adults.
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Emerging treatment options for skin and soft tissue infections tailoring drug selection to individual patients. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Nadia Castaldo, Antonio Vena, Alessandro Limongelli, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Matteo Bassetti
To provide a brief overview of drugs in Phase II and III of development for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI), offering insights into potential customized treatment options.
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Pneumocystis jirovecii in solid organ transplant recipients: updates in epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Tirajeh Saadatzadeh, Michael Angarone, Valentina Stosor
This review highlights the epidemiology of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients, advancements in the diagnostic landscape, and updates in treatment and prevention.
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Current treatment options for pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 John P Franzone, Natalie A Mackow, David van Duin
The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the challenges associated with the treatment of pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), discuss its carbapenem-resistance, and review the literature supporting the current treatment paradigm and therapeutic options.
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Current challenges in acute bacterial skin infection management. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Almudena Burillo, Ana Pulido-Pérez, Emilio Bouza
There are aspects of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that remain unresolved, such as current numbers, classification criteria, how best to define severity and predict the outcome, what diagnostic tests to perform, what new treatment options are available, or what the duration of antibiotic treatment should be. We have reviewed the literature over the last 18 months to clarify these issues and
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Left ventricular assist device-associated driveline infections as a specific form of complicated skin and soft tissue infection/acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection - issues and therapeutic options. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Christian Eckmann, Cord Sunderkötter, Karsten Becker, Béatrice Grabein, Stefan Hagel, Frank Hanses, Dominic Wichmann, Florian Thalhammer
This review comments on the current guidelines for the treatment of wound infections under definition of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). However, wound infections around a catheter, such as driveline infections of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) are not specifically listed under this definition in any of the existing guidelines.
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Mpox in people living with HIV. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Irfaan Maan, Manik Kohli, Richard Gilson
The 2022 global outbreak of mpox disproportionally affected people with HIV (PWH). We review the data on the presentation, treatment, and prevention of mpox in PWH.
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STI pathogens in the oropharynx: update on screening and treatment. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Eric P F Chow, Christopher K Fairley, Fabian Y S Kong
The rise in antimicrobial resistance in several STI pathogens such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae has become a public health threat as only one first-line treatment remains. Reducing screening interval for gonorrhoea and chlamydia in high-prevalence populations has been proposed to address antimicrobial stewardship, but this remains controversial. This review aimed to revisit the epidemiology of infections
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Sexual health challenges in migrant, immigrant, and displaced populations 2022-2023. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Sofya Panchenko, Amanda Gabster, Philippe Mayaud, Jennifer Toller Erausquin
This article reviews recently published research on sexual health challenges and HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among migrant, immigrant and displaced people (MIDP) worldwide. We aimed to identify current evidence gaps regarding HIV/STI epidemiology, sexual health needs and interventions.
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Promising developments in gonococcal vaccines. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Andreea Waltmann, Jane S Chen, Joseph A Duncan
While effective vaccines to prevent invasive infections by Neisseria meningitidis have been deployed around the world, development of a vaccine to prevent Neisseria gonorrhoeae has lagged. After multiple failed vaccine candidates, vaccine development for N. gonorrhoeae is showing promise for the first time in several decades. This review highlights recent progress in the field.
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Skin and soft tissue infections in solid organ transplants. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Maddalena Peghin, Elena Graziano, Paolo Antonio Grossi
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients may be a great challenge for clinicians caring for SOT due to the involvement of both common and opportunistic pathogens associated with a blunted immune response. The purpose of this review is to outline current literature and describe open issues on the management of SSTI in this special population.
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Community engagement tools in HIV/STI prevention research. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Chunyan Li, Peipei Zhao, Rayner K J Tan, Dan Wu
Community engagement is key to the success of sustainable public health interventions. This review highlights recent published studies that describe the use of community-engaged methods in sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention research.
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Necrotizing fasciitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Fatima Allaw, Saliba Wehbe, Souha S Kanj
The aim of this review is to discuss the latest evidence of epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment of necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) with a particular focus on necrotizing fasciitis (NF).
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Identifying patients with difficult-to-treat acute bacterial skin infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Philippe Montravers, Romy Soussan, Sébastien Tanaka
The early recognition of acute bacterial skin infections (ABSIs) and their swift and adequate care are the major determinants of success. The features that can hamper or delay surgical and medical management can lead to 'difficult-to-treat' ABSIs.
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CMV antiviral stewardship in transplantation - the next frontier. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Michelle K Yong
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Large lessons learned from small vessels: coronary microvascular dysfunction in HIV. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Teressa S Thomas, Allie R Walpert, Suman Srinivasa
Large cohort studies have consistently shown the presence of heart failure is approximately doubled among persons with HIV (PWH). Early studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV were primarily focused on atherosclerotic burden, and we now have a greater understanding of large vessel disease in HIV. More recent studies have begun to inform us about small vessel disease, or coronary microvascular
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The microbiome as a biomarker of anal precancerous lesions in people with HIV. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Raquel Ron, Elena Moreno, Marta Rosas Cancio-Suárez, Sergio Serrano-Villar
Early detection and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal dysplasia in some high-risk groups can help anal cancer prevention, but new tools to improve diagnostic and risk assessment are needed. Here, we aim to discuss the evidence on the role of the microbiome as a potential biomarker for anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in people with HIV (PWH).
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Infant feeding: emerging concepts to prevent HIV transmission. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Alasdair Bamford, Caroline Foster, Hermione Lyall
HIV screening in pregnancy, universal suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and breastfeeding avoidance can almost completely prevent vertical transmission of HIV. Breastfeeding is associated with an additional risk of transmission, although this risk is extremely low with suppressive maternal ART. This minimal risk must be balanced with the benefits of breastfeeding for women living with HIV (WLHIV)
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Treatment approaches for severe Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Maria F Mojica, Robert A Bonomo, David van Duin
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerged opportunistic pathogen. Intrinsic multidrug resistance makes treating infections caused by S. maltophilia a great clinical challenge. Herein, we provide an update on the most recent literature on treatment options for severe S. maltophilia infections.
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Antibiotic therapy for nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli infections: future perspectives. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Matteo Bassetti, Nadia Castaldo, Alberto Fantin, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Antonio Vena
Serious infections caused by nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NF-GNB) pose a significant challenge for clinicians due to the limited treatment options available, which are frequently associated with issues of toxicity and unfavourable pharmacokinetic profiles. The aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of the existing data concerning the ongoing development of antiinfective agents targeting
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Respiratory syncytial virus in children: epidemiology and clinical impact post-COVID-19. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Emily Rice, Daniel B Oakes, Charlie Holland, Hannah C Moore, Christopher C Blyth
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. RSV seasonality was disrupted by COVID-19-associated nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We review RSV seasonality, molecular epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and community awareness to inform future prevention strategies.
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Management strategies for severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Hermann Do Rego, Jean-François Timsit
This review focuses on the management of severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in critically ill patients.
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The next frontier: cytomegalovirus antiviral stewardship programs in solid organ transplant. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Hanna L Kleiboeker, Christopher M Saddler, Margaret R Jorgenson
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a driver of negative patient and allograft outcomes after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and new tools are needed to circumvent these outcomes. We will review key elements of CMV antiviral stewardship in SOT, discuss the available evidence for CMV antiviral stewardship programs and feature areas for expansion in the current landscape of CMV management.
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A new direction for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis among transplant recipients: Benefits and nonviral outcomes of letermovir use as primary CMV prophylaxis. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-02 W Justin Moore, Catherine-Audrey Boutin, Sajal Tanna
Letermovir has changed the game of primary prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus (CMV) for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and more recently, solid organ transplant recipients. This is largely due to letermovir's similar efficacy in protecting against CMV reactivation and disease, along with its superior safety profile, notably reduced myelotoxicity, and lack of renal dose adjustment compared
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Management of nonfermenting gram-negative infections: a critique of the guidelines. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Matteo Bassetti, Antonio Vena, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
In the present narrative review, we discuss the characteristics and differences between the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines in terms on their recommendations/suggestions for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii infections.
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Endemic mycoses - are we making progress in management? Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Nathan C Bahr, George R Thompson
The endemic fungi are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in effected patients. The range of endemicity for these are expanding with infections observed outside of traditional locations. Enhanced diagnostic and treatment practices may significantly alter patient outcomes.
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Surgical site infection prophylaxis: what have we learned and are we making progress? Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Courtney Ierano, Lisa Hall, Rod James
This review aims to discuss the current state of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) evidence for surgical site infection prevention. Despite decades of research, knowledge gaps persist in identifying optimal SAP regimens.
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How to treat severe Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Emilio Bouza,Patricia Muñoz,Almudena Burillo
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To update the management of severe Acinetobacter baumannii infections (ABI), particularly those caused by multi-resistant isolates. RECENT FINDINGS The in vitro activity of the various antimicrobial agents potentially helpful in treating ABI is highly variable and has progressively decreased for many of them, limiting current therapeutic options. The combination of more than one drug
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MDR/XDR/PDR or DTR? Which definition best fits the resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa? Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Federica Cosentino,Pierluigi Viale,Maddalena Giannella
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this narrative review is to compare the prognostic utility of the new definition of difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) vs. established definitions in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection to understand the therapeutic implications of resistance classification and its impact on clinical outcome. RECENT FINDINGS Among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), P. aeruginosa
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Current viewpoint on the epidemiology of nonfermenting Gram-negative bacterial strains. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Despoina Koulenti,Kalwaje Eswhara Vandana,Jordi Rello
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article aims to review the epidemiology of nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) based on recent literature reports, particularly, of the less common, but with emerging clinical significance species. RECENT FINDINGS The reported frequency of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasing, with very significant variability, however,
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Mucormycosis: update on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Natalie J M Dailey Garnes,Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mucormycosis (MCR) is a common opportunistic mold infection, and Mucorales were recently designated by WHO as priority pathogens. The interest in this infection has risen significantly since the major outbreak of MCR in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in India. Herein, we summarize recently (last 24 months) published information regarding clinical aspects of MCR
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The microbiology and pathogenesis of nonfermenting Gram-negative infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Vincenzo Di Pilato,Edward Willison,Anna Marchese
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of most recent evidence about pathogenesis traits and virulence factors contributing to successful colonization or infection by P. aeruginosa , A. baumannii , S. maltophilia and B. cepacia complex, among the most clinically relevant nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB). RECENT FINDINGS The growing clinical importance of NFGNB as important opportunistic
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Risk factors for severity in seasonal respiratory viral infections and how they guide management in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Toshihiro Matsui,Chikara Ogimi
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Seasonal respiratory virus infections (RVIs) often progress to severe diseases in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. This review summarizes the current evidence on risk factors for the severity of RVIs in this high-risk population and provides clinical management. RECENT FINDINGS The likelihood of the respiratory viral disease progression depends on the immune status
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What is the clinical significance of 'heteroresistance' in nonfermenting Gram-negative strains? Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Giusy Tiseo,Valentina Galfo,Marco Falcone
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to discuss the potential clinical significance of heteroresistance in nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). RECENT FINDINGS Recently, heteroresistance has been considered potentially responsible for clinical failure in Acinetobacter baumannii infections. This raised a scientific debate, still open, about the potential clinical significance of heteroresistance
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Evidence supporting the use of therapeutic drug monitoring of ganciclovir in transplantation. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Diana D Wong,Su Ann Ho,Ana Domazetovska,Michelle K Yong,William D Rawlinson
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes current knowledge of ganciclovir (GCV) and valganciclovir (ValGCV) pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics, highlighting the likely contribution from host genetic factors to interpatient variability. The evidence and challenges surrounding optimization of drug dosing through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) are examined, with recommendations made. RECENT
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Duration of antifungal treatment in mold infection: when is enough? Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Vera Portillo,Dionysios Neofytos
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although invasive mold infections (IMI) are a major complication in high-risk populations, treatment duration has not yet been well defined. RECENT FINDINGS Guidelines suggest documenting clinical/radiological resolution and immunological recovery before stopping antifungal treatment, after a minimum duration of treatment of 3 months for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, while longer
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The disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus in Infants. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Alasdair P S Munro, Federico Martinón-Torres, Simon B Drysdale, Saul N Faust
To describe the current global burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and its implications for morbidity, health resources and economic costs.
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Gastrointestinal involvement in post-acute Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 syndrome. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Uday C Ghoshal, Ujjala Ghoshal
Ten percentage of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 report having gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) not only infects the pulmonary but also the GI tract. GI infections including that due to viral infection is known to cause postinfection disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI); hence, we wish to review the long-term GI consequences
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Cystic echinococcosis of the bone. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Begoña Monge-Maillo, Rogelio Lopez-Velez
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) has a wide world distribution causing important morbidity. Osseous involvement is present in less than 4% of the CE cases. Its diagnosis and therapeutic management is full of challenges and low grade of evidence.
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Medical management of cystic echinococcosis. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Peter L Chiodini
Cystic echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis for which humans are dead end hosts. It is not only widely distributed in sheep rearing areas of low-income and middle-income countries but also has a significant presence in wealthy countries, for example, in Europe. It results in considerable morbidity, and its current management is far from optimal. Medical management is with a benzimidazole, with the
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Resistance in Enteric Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella: emerging concepts. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Chaojie Yang, Ying Xiang, Shaofu Qiu
The emergence of globally resistant enteric Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella strains (NTS) has limited the selection of effective drugs, which has become a major challenge for the treatment of infections. The purpose of this review is to provide the current opinion on the antimicrobial-resistant enteric Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella.
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Gut microbiome and its clinical implications: exploring the key players in human health. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Sindhuja Koneru, Varshini Thiruvadi, Mayur Ramesh
The human gut harbors a diverse community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota. Extensive research in recent years has shed light on the profound influence of the gut microbiome on human health and disease. This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiome in various clinical conditions and highlight the emerging therapeutic potential of targeting the gut microbiota for disease management
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Surgical management of cystic echinococcosis of the liver. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 Cesar G Berto, Peter Liou, Christina M Coyle, Jean C Emond
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection frequently involving the liver. Treatment options, including surgery, are decided based on the staging of the disease.
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Percutaneous treatment of liver hydatid cysts: to PAIR or not to PAIR. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Okan Akhan
The aim is to review recent literature for percutaneous treatment of liver hydatid cysts (cystic echinococcosis: CE) via different techniques such as PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, and reaspiration), standard catheterization, and modified catheterization technique (MoCaT).
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Emerging infections in vulnerable hosts: stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Elizabethkingia anophelis. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Yu-Lin Lee, Po-Ren Hsueh
This systematic review aimed to explore the recent trends in the epidemiology, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility of two emerging opportunistic pathogens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Elizabethkingia anophelis.
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Prevention and treatment of C. difficile in cancer patients. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Pedro Puerta-Alcalde, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Alex Soriano
We provide an update on the recent literature on Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in cancer patients.
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Neonatal complicated intraabdominal infection. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Jessica L Rauh, Alison J Lehane, Leah M Sieren, Lucas P Neff
The purpose of this review is to summarize the treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs) in premature infants.
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Deciphering the potential of plasma cell-free metagenomic next-generation sequencing using the Karius test. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Drew T Bell
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Plasma cell-free metagenomic next-generation sequencing (cf-mNGS) is increasingly employed for the diagnosis of infection, but a consensus for optimal use has not been established. This minireview focuses on the commercially available Karius Test and is aimed at local leaders seeking to understand the complexities of cf-mNGS to make informed test utilization policies and better interpret
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Neurodevelopmental outcomes in congenital and perinatal infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Olivier Fortin,Sarah B Mulkey
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital infections are a major cause of childhood multidomain neurodevelopmental disabilities. They contribute to a range of structural brain abnormalities that can cause severe neurodevelopmental impairment, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and neurosensory impairments. New congenital infections and global viral pandemics have emerged, with some affecting the developing brain and causing
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mRNA vaccines against respiratory viruses. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Jennifer A Whitaker, Hana M El Sahly, C Mary Healy
The successes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines have accelerated the development of mRNA vaccines against other respiratory pathogens. The aim of this review is to highlight COVID-19 mRNA vaccine advances and provide an update on the progress of mRNA vaccine development against other respiratory pathogens.
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Host microbiome-pathogen interactions in pediatric infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Jillian H Hurst, Sarah M Heston, Matthew S Kelly
In this review, we discuss recent research that has furthered our understanding of microbiome development during childhood, the role of the microbiome in infections during this life stage, and emerging opportunities for microbiome-based therapies for infection prevention or treatment in children.
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Microbiotoxicity: antibiotic usage and its unintended harm to the microbiome. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Anastasia A Theodosiou, Christine E Jones, Robert C Read, Debby Bogaert
Antibiotic use is associated with development of antimicrobial resistance and dysregulation of the microbiome (the overall host microbial community). These changes have in turn been associated with downstream adverse health outcomes. This review analyses recent important publications in a rapidly evolving field, contextualizing the available evidence to assist clinicians weighing the potential risks
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'No cyst, no echinococcosis': a scoping review update on the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis after the issue of the WHO-IWGE Expert Consensus and current perspectives. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Mar Siles-Lucas,Leonardo Uchiumi,Francesca Tamarozzi
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In 2010, the WHO-Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (IWGE) published an Expert Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of echinococcal infections. We provide an update on the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis through a scoping review of the literature published after the release of the WHO-IWGE document. RECENT FINDINGS Ultrasound accurately and reliably depicts the pathognomonic
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Watch-and-wait approach for inactive echinococcal cysts: scoping review update since the issue of the WHO-IWGE Expert Consensus and current perspectives. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-17 Enrico Brunetti,Francesca Tamarozzi
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This work aims to provide an update of knowledge on the evolution of inactive cystic echinococcosis (CE) cysts (CE4-CE5) managed by 'watch-and-wait', by means of a scoping review of the literature published after the publication of the WHO-IWGE (Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis) Expert Consensus document in 2010. RECENT FINDINGS A total of 31 articles were included. Population
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Impact of health disparity on pediatric infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-17 Tanya Rogo,Sabina Holland
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the health disparities among minoritized children due to structural racism and socioeconomic inequalities. This review discusses how health disparities affect pediatric infections and how they can be addressed. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to disparities in healthcare access due to poverty, geography, and English-language proficiency, implicit and
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Mpox exposure and transmission in healthcare settings during the 2022 global outbreak. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 Kimon C Zachary, Lisa L Philpotts, Erica S Shenoy
The risk of nosocomial transmission of mpox during the 2022 global outbreak is not well described. We evaluated reports of exposures to healthcare personnel (HCP) and patients in healthcare settings and risk of transmission.
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Sequence-based diagnostics and precision medicine in bacterial and viral infections: from bench to bedside. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Jonathan Pham, LingHui David Su, Kimberly E Hanson, Catherine A Hogan
Nucleic acid sequence-based organism identification plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of transplant and cancer-associated infectious diseases. Here, we provide a high-level overview of advanced sequencing technologies, discuss test performance, and highlight unmet research needs with a focus on immunocompromised hosts.
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Burden of influenza in the elderly: a narrative review. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Anne Conrad, Florent Valour, Philippe Vanhems
This review provides an update on specificities of influenza in older adults (≥65-year-old), including epidemiology, burden in terms of hospitalization and mortality, extra-respiratory complications and specific challenges of prevention.