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Phase 3 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Three-dose Series of Twenty-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Infants and Toddlers. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Piotr Korbal, Jacek Wysocki, Teresa Jackowska, Mary Kline, Noor Tamimi, Jelena Drozd, Lanyu Lei, Yahong Peng, Peter C Giardina, William Gruber, Daniel Scott, Wendy Watson
Global pediatric immunization programs with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have reduced vaccine-type pneumococcal disease, but a substantial disease burden of non-PCV serotypes remains.
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Acute Flaccid Myelitis With Human Rhinovirus A19 Detection: Case Report and Literature Review. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Yurie Murayama, Yuta Aizawa, Tatsuki Ikuse, Ryohei Izumita, Shunsuke Nukaga, Masahiro Kaneko, Takeshi Yamada, Takeshi Ono, Ko Matsui, Masashi Suda, Akihiko Saitoh
Human rhinovirus (HRV) has been sporadically detected in patients with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). We report a case of AFM in a 2-year-old boy with severe neurologic sequelae, whose nasopharyngeal and stool samples tested positive for HRV-A19. Clinical information related to AFM with HRV is limited. Further study of the association of AFM with HRV is warranted.
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PEDIATRIC COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED BRAIN ABSCESSES: A Single-center Retrospective Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Kevin Hai-Ning Lu, Nora Bruns, Christina Pentek, Adela Della Marina, Andrea Gangfuß, Heike Kölbel, Burcin Dogan, Jan Dziobaka, Yahya Ahmadipour, Philipp Damman, Ursula Felderhoff-Müser, Christian Dohna-Schwake, Sarah Christina Goretzki
The European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases recommends 3rd generation cephalosporins and metronidazole for empirical treatment of community-acquired brain abscesses. In 53 retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients with community-acquired brain abscesses at a German University Hospital Staphylococcus aureus was identified as a relevant pathogen (21%). Therefore, it may be
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Ceftaroline for Central Nervous System Infections: Case Report of a Young Infant, and Scoping Review. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Haley Urbach, Nicole Sileo, Sergio Lerma, Kevin Nguyen, Giordano Sosa Soto, Marisa Nielsen, Amy Heiderich, James Holsapple, Sharon Vuppula, Jeffrey I Campbell
Managing health care acquired and device-associated intracranial infections in young children can be challenging given adverse antibiotic side effects and difficulties in achieving adequate central nervous system (CNS) antibiotic concentrations. Ceftaroline is a cephalosporin with a favorable safety profile and activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococci and several Gram-negative organisms
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Comparison of Bordetella pertussis Antibody Levels in Pregnant Women and Umbilical Cord Blood: A Multicenter Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Merve Iseri Nepesov, Halime Kilic, Sukran Yildirim, Sevgi Gulec, Yalcin Kara, Mahmut Can Kizil, Adem Karbuz, Demet Terek, Murat Sutcu, Ergun Tufan, Meltem Dinleyici, Zafer Kurugol, Omer Kilic, Ener Cagri Dinleyici
In countries where pertussis vaccination is not administered during pregnancy, the determination of pertussis antibody levels in pregnant women is very important in terms of knowing the current seroepidemiology and potential strategies for immunizations.
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Joint Fluid Cell Count in Acute Bacterial Arthritis Patients Proven Positive Culture in Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Yuto Otsubo, Meiwa Shibata, Hiroshi Hataya, Norikazu Ota, Yuho Horikoshi
Acute bacterial arthritis (ABA) is a serious, pediatric infection that can result in motor comorbidities. Normally, a joint fluid white blood cell (WBC) count of 50,000 or more cells/mm3 is used to make a presumptive diagnosis of ABA. This study evaluated the utility of the joint fluid WBC count for diagnosing pediatric ABA confirmed by a positive culture result.
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Specific IgA, But Not IgG, in Human Milk From COVID-19-infected Mothers Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Patricia Macchiaverni, Megan Lloyd, Laura Masters, Nivedithaa Divakara, Kritu Panta, Allison Imrie, Laura Sánchez-García, Adelina Pellicer, Juan M Rodriguez, Valerie Verhasselt
This study highlights the importance of human milk in providing anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunity to newborns. The highest protective activity of human milk against COVID-19 was found in colostrum from infected mothers. Neutralizing activity was associated with high levels of specific IgA. Depletion of IgA, but not IgG, from milk samples completely abolished the ability
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A GIRL WITH ADENOVIRUS TYPE 2 INDUCED INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS ACUTELY EXACERBATED WITH PRIMARY HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 7 INFECTION. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Yoshiki Kawamura, Kei Kozawa, Goro Koinuma, Tetsuo Onda, Kazutoshi Cho, Yuki Higashimoto, Hiroki Miura, Tetsushi Yoshikawa
We encountered a previously healthy 3-year-old girl with interstitial pneumonitis that initially developed due to human adenovirus type 2 infection and exacerbated by primary human herpesvirus 7 infection. A comprehensive serum biomarker analysis showed patterns that differed by viral infection, suggesting that respiratory and lymphotropic viral infections might have different pathophysiology in interstitial
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An Investigation of Pediatric Case-patients With Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Alaska, 2005-2011. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Leisha Diane Nolen, Lisa Bulkow, Rosalyn Singleton, Debbie Hurlburt, Carolyn Debyle, Karen Rudolph, Laura L Hammitt, Thomas W Hennessy, Michael G Bruce
Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) can cause severe disease in children. This study aimed to identify risk factors related to invasive Hi disease in Alaska children and evaluate carriage in people around them.
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis Before and After COVID-19 Pandemic: Has the Immunity Debt Been Paid Off? Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Raffaella Nenna, Alessandra Pierangeli, Luigi Matera, Laura Petrarca, Maria Giulia Conti, Enrica Mancino, Greta di Mattia, Domenico Paolo La Regina, Fabrizio Virgili, Paola Papoff, Enea Bonci, Fabio Midulla
Our aim was to hypothesize that the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the characteristics of viral bronchiolitis by comparing the last 3 epidemics with 3 pre-COVID-19 epidemics in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis.
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LOCALIZED MYOSITIS AND TRANSIENT ENCEPHALOPATHY AS PRESENTING SYMPTOMS IN MURINE TYPHUS. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Malvi Mehta, Rachel Marek, Ciji Arthur, Jeffrey Starke, Ankhi Dutta
Murine typhus in the pediatric population has increased substantially in recent years. The most common clinical presentation of murine typhus includes fever, rash, headaches and myalgias. Murine typhus presenting with predominant myositis and/or encephalopathy is rare. It is important to recognize unusual clinical manifestations of murine typhus in children for early diagnosis and treatment.
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HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN AN ADOLESCENT FROM NORTH DAKOTA. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Ashton D Hall, Danielle Fayad, Mary A Staat
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome remains an uncommon yet emerging viral zoonosis that causes respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability in children and adolescents. Due to its acutely progressive course and high mortality rate, clinicians treating hantavirus pulmonary syndrome should understand its epidemiologic risk factors, clinical syndrome and radiographic findings. We present a case of hantavirus
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Immunophenotypes of Newborns From SARS-CoV-2-infected Mothers. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Marta Stracuzzi, Laura Paradiso, Simona Panelli, Antonella Amendola, Elisabetta Tanzi, Clara Fappani, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Vania Giacomet
Little is known about the neonatal immunological response to a maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection present during childbirth. Here we analyze a cohort of 75 neonates from SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers.
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Self-transfers, Hospital Admissions and Mortality Among Children and Adolescents Lost to Follow-up From Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in the Western Cape, South Africa Between 2004 and 2019: Linkage to Provincial Records. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Patience Nyakato, Andrew Boulle, Robin Wood, Brian Eley, Helena Rabie, Matthias Egger, Constantin T Yiannoutsos, Mary-Ann Davies, Morna Cornell
Pediatric programs face a high rate of loss to follow-up (LTFU) among children and adolescents living with HIV (CAHIV). We assessed true outcomes and predictors of these among CAHIV who were LTFU using linkage to the Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre at Western Cape sites of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS-Southern Africa collaboration.
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Use of the "Sepsis Risk Calculator" in Belgian Newborns: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Bianca I Langer, Anne-Britt Johansson, Karin Mathé, Sarah Jourdain, Pierre R Smeesters
Prevention of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a frequent reason why many newborns receive unnecessary antibiotics. The Sepsis Risk Calculator (SRC) was developed by the Kaiser Permanente Institute as a multivariate risk assessment of EONS, aiming to reduce laboratory testing and empiric neonatal antibiotic therapy. Our objective was to assess the potential of the SRC in reducing antibiotic use
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Pulmonary Complications of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates and Infants: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Pooled Analysis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Leong Tung Ong, Si Wei David Fan
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes intrauterine infections in 0.67% of neonates, with 12.7% displaying symptoms at birth. CMV can lead to severe multiorgan involvement, and mortality in symptomatic cases is around 30%. Pulmonary complications are rare in infants with CMV. This review assesses pulmonary complications and outcomes in infants with CMV infection.
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Vaccine Associated Measles Complicated by Suspected Measles Inclusion Body Encephalitis in a Pediatric Leukemia Patient and Stem Cell Transplant Recipient: A Focus on Clinical Evolution and Management. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Lauren E Kushner, Jennifer Kamens, Alice Bertaina, David Shyr, Hayley A Gans
Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk for severe disease and complications from viral infections, highlighting the importance of vaccination. However, in extremely rare situations, vaccine associated viral infections can be associated with disseminated disease and complications in immunocompromised hosts.
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Risk Factors and Clinical Prognosis Associated With RSV-ALRI Intensive Care Unit Admission in Children <2 Years of Age: A Multicenter Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Su Ann Lim, Mei Chan, Nan Hu, Brendan McMullan, Philip N Britton, Adam Bartlett, Rama Kandasamy, Gemma L Saravanos, Bernadette Prentice, Adam Jaffe, Louisa Owens, Nusrat Homaira
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) in children aged <2 years. Currently, there are limited data on risk factors for very severe RSV-ALRI requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
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Disseminated Mycobacterial Infection With Reactive Polyarthritis (Poncet's Disease) During Immune-suppressive Treatment Including Ustekinumab for Pediatric Crohn's Disease. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Chiara Minotti, Paola Costenaro, Daniele Donà, Monica Zuliani, Luca Bosa, Alberta Leon, Giorgio Perilongo, Paola Gaio, Giorgia Martini, Mara Cananzi
The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease is increasing. tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors medicines improved the prognosis of affected subjects. Nonetheless, a proportion of patients do not respond or lose response to treatment. Newer biologics, like ustekinumab, have been approved for adults. The pediatric off-label use of these drugs is increasing, despite limited safety evidence
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SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Kinetics in Unvaccinated Hospitalized Children With COVID-19. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Dimitra Dimopoulou, Marietta Charakida, Antonios Marmarinos, Dareilena Karaviti, Margaritis Avgeris, Dimitrios Gourgiotis, Maria N Tsolia
Antibody levels decline a few months post-acute COVID-19, but humoral memory persists in adults. Age and disease severity may affect antibody responses. This study aims to evaluate the presence and durability of antibody responses in children with COVID-19.
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Clinical and Economic Burden of Antibiotic Use Among Pediatric Patients With Varicella Infection in the Outpatient Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Real-world Data in France. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Stephanie A Kujawski, Caroline S Casey, Hervé Haas, Amisha Patel, Christina Diomatari, Tim Holbrook, Manjiri Pawaskar
Varicella infects 90% of children before age 9. Though varicella is self-limiting, its complications may require antibiotics, though how antibiotics are utilized for varicella in France is not well known. This study assessed antibiotic use and costs associated with varicella and its complications in pediatric patients managed in the outpatient setting in France.
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Improving Management: Novel Guidelines for Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infection in Infants. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Lana Khoury, Zeev Schnapp, Muriel Konopnicki
The diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the pediatric field remains a topic of debate. In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) introduced new guidelines for the diagnosis of UTI in patients aged 2-24 months. However, concerns were raised regarding these guidelines.
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Pulmonary Thrombotic Complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Chinese Children: Clinical Feature and Risk Factor Analysis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Yanjuan Yu, Xiuhong Jin, Xiangfeng Zhang, Yuelin Shen
Thrombotic disease is a rare but severe complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, with pulmonary thrombosis (PT) being the most frequent type. This study aims to describe the clinical features of pediatric severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) patients with PT, and to identify risk factors predictive of PT development in this population.
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Population-based Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations and In-hospital Mortality Rates Among Mexican Children Less Than Five Years of Age. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Gabriel Mata-Moreno, Sofía Bernal-Silva, Christian A García-Sepúlveda, Ana María González-Ortíz, Uciel R Ochoa-Pérez, Aldo Uzziel Medina-Serpa, Luis Fernando Pérez-González, Daniel E Noyola
Population-based information regarding the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza on hospital admissions and mortality is scant for many countries.
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Complicated Falciparum Malarial ARDS Requiring Noninvasive Support. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Marco Piastra, Enzo Picconi, Orazio Genovese, Vittoria Ferrari, Tony Christian Morena, Piero Valentini, Gennaro De Pascale, Massimo Antonelli, Giorgio Conti
Severe plasmodium falciparum infection can induce respiratory distress and clinical ARDS in children, requiring intensive care admission and respiratory support. We present 3 cases of imported malarial acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring noninvasive ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit, in the absence of any cerebral involvement. Radiological features and their relationship with
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Late Neonatal Sepsis in Very-low-weight Premature Newborns Is Associated With Alterations in Neurodevelopment at Twenty-five Months of Age. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Jose Uberos, Ana Nieto-Ruiz, Francisco Contreras Chova, Marta Carrasco-Solis, Aida Ruiz-López, Elisabeth Fernandez-Marín, Carolina Laynez-Rubio, Ana Campos-Martinez
To evaluate the impact of late-onset sepsis (LOS) on the neurodevelopment of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) premature infants.
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Evaluation of Continuous Infusion Vancomycin in a Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Population. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Madeleine A King, Shane J Cross, Theodore H Morton, Diego R Hijano, William L Greene, Yilun Sun, Li Tang, Jennifer L Pauley, Melissa S Bourque, Anthony M Christensen
Continuous infusion vancomycin (CIV) may benefit children who are unable to achieve therapeutic concentrations with intermittent vancomycin dosing and may facilitate outpatient administration by alleviating the burden of frequent dosing intervals. Previous studies have used variable dosing regimens and steady-state concentration goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total daily dose
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Clinical Picture and Risk Factors for Poor Outcome in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis of Childhood on Three Continents. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Pinja-Liisa Mbakwe, Irmeli Roine, Manuel Leite Cruzeiro, Markku Kallio, Heikki Peltola, Tuula Pelkonen
Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis (SpM) remains a major health burden worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying the patients at highest risk for mortality and disabling sequelae may reveal potentially avoidable predisposing factors and identify patients most in need of intensive care. We searched for factors that do not require laboratory facilities.
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Plasma Protein Biomarkers Distinguish Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children From Other Pediatric Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Sophya Yeoh, Diego Estrada-Rivadeneyra, Heather Jackson, Ilana Keren, Rachel Galassini, Samantha Cooray, Priyen Shah, Philipp Agyeman, Romain Basmaci, Enitan Carrol, Marieke Emonts, Colin Fink, Taco Kuijpers, Federico Martinon-Torres, Marine Mommert-Tripon, Stephane Paulus, Marko Pokorn, Pablo Rojo, Lorenza Romani, Luregn Schlapbach, Nina Schweintzger, Ching-Fen Shen, Maria Tsolia, Effua Usuf, Michiel
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious hyperinflammatory complication following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The mechanisms underpinning the pathophysiology of MIS-C are poorly understood. Moreover, clinically distinguishing MIS-C from other childhood infectious and inflammatory conditions, such as Kawasaki disease or severe bacterial
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Effectiveness and Safety of Direct-acting Antivirals for Treatment of Adolescents With HCV/HIV Coinfection: Real-world Data From Europe. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Farihah Malik, Siobhan Crichton, Yulia Plotnikova, Inga Latysheva, Anna Samarina, Maria Pokorska-Śpiewak, Marisa Navarro Gomez, Heather Bailey, Claire Thorne, Ali Judd, Anna Turkova, Intira Jeannie Collins
We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antivirals in adolescents with hepatitis C (HCV)/HIV coinfection using pooled individual patient-level data from 5 European cohorts. Of 122 participants in follow-up from November 2013 to August 2021, 19 were treated <18 years of age; of 15 with HCV RNA available at/after 12 weeks post-treatment, all had sustained virologic response with acceptable
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Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing for Pathogen Identification in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Neonates Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Yi-Rong Zheng, Xiu-Hua Chen, Qiang Chen, Hua Cao
Neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are at high risk of infection. Rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is essential to improve the prognosis of children on ECMO. Metagenome next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been used in recent years to detect pathogenic bacteria, but evidence for its use in neonates on ECMO is lacking.
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Differential Abundances of Bdellovibrio and Rheinheimera in the Oral Microbiota of Neonates With and Without Clinical Sepsis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Komwit Surachat, Kamonnut Singkhamanan, Paramee Thongsuksai
Neonatal sepsis is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, long hospital stays and high cost of care, thereby inflicting a burden on health care systems. Oral care with breast milk has been shown to modify the intestinal tract microbiota and immune system. Herein, we attempted to identify probiotics that may be beneficial to prevent or treat neonatal sepsis.
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Risk Factors for Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Hsuan-Yin Ma, I-Fan Lin, Yun-Chung Liu, Ting-Yu Yen, Kuan-Ying A Huang, Wei-Liang Shih, Chun-Yi Lu, Luan-Yin Chang, Li-Min Huang
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. Starting in December 2010, RSV monoclonal antibody (RSV mAb) was endorsed by Taiwan National Health Insurance and given to children with prematurity and/or congenital heart diseases, which are considered high-risk factors for severe RSV diseases. Investigating other important contributing
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Helicobacter cinaedi Bacteremia in Children: A Case Report and Literature Review. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Itamar Oren, Violeta Temper, Ayelet Michael-Gayego, Yair Motro, Oded Volovelsky, Jacob Moran-Gilad, Oren Gordon
Helicobacter cinaedi is known to cause invasive infections in immunocompromised adults. Here we report the first case of H. cinaedi bacteremia in a child with nephrotic syndrome. The patient presented with a mild transient febrile illness that resolved spontaneously. We discuss the diagnostic challenges associated with this case and the microbiologic approach, including genomic analysis. Furthermore
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Back to the Future: Intravenous Fosfomycin Is Safe and Effective for the Treatment of Complicated Infections in Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Marco Roversi, Antonio Musolino, Martina Di Giuseppe, Costanza Tripiciano, Laura Cursi, Laura Lancella, Andrzej Krzysztofiak
Despite its broad spectrum and excellent safety profile, fosfomycin is still rarely used in pediatrics, with very limited experience from clinicians.
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Nontyphoidal Salmonella Outbreaks Associated With Chocolate Consumption: A Systematic Review. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Zacharie Patà, Pietro B Faré, Sebastiano A G Lava, Gregorio P Milani, Mario G Bianchetti, Simone Janett, Isabella Hunjan, Lisa Kottanattu
A large, cross-border outbreak of nontyphoidal salmonellosis connected to chocolate product consumption was recently reported. This occurrence motivated us to conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature concerning outbreaks of nontyphoidal salmonellosis associated with chocolate consumption.
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Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes in Children Hospitalized With Virus-associated Acute Lower Respiratory Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Daira Trusinska, Si Thu Zin, Emmanuel Sandoval, Nusrat Homaira, Ting Shi
Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) caused by respiratory viruses is among the most common causes of hospitalization and mortality in children. We aimed to identify risk factors for poor outcomes in children <5 years old hospitalized with ALRI caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Two-center Experience. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Herbert Kurz, Gulsen Sever-Yildiz, Corinna V Kocsisek, Elisabeth Resch, Clara Großschädl, Leonie Totschnig, Bernhard Resch
The aim of the study was to determine the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza disease during the COVID-19 pandemic at 2 Austrian urban pediatric centers between October 1, 2019 and April 30, 2022.
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The Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor as a Severity Biomarker in Children With Acute COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Magdalini Louka, Elizabeth Barbara Tatsi, Sofia Vassiliu, George Theoharis, Kalliopi Straka, Filippos Filippatos, Maria Myrto Dourdouna, Tania Siahanidou, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, Athanasios Michos
Elevated soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been associated with a poor prognosis in serious infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of suPAR in children with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C).
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Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of Letermovir for Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in Adolescent Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Andreas H Groll, Johannes H Schulte, Ali Bülent Antmen, Christopher J Fraser, Valerie L Teal, Barbara Haber, Luzelena Caro, Jacqueline B McCrea, Craig Fancourt, Mayankbhai Patel, Karsten Menzel, Cyrus Badshah
Letermovir is a cytomegalovirus (CMV) terminase complex inhibitor approved for prophylaxis of CMV infection and disease in adult CMV-seropositive allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients (R+). We report pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and efficacy of letermovir in adolescent (12-18 years) allogeneic HCT recipients from an ongoing clinical study.
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Use of Advanced Diagnostics for Timely Identification of Travel-associated Leptospira santarosai Infection in Four Adolescents Through Plasma Microbial Cell-free DNA Sequencing With the Karius Test. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Hai Nguyen-Tran, Guliz Erdem, P Marcelo Laufer, Lori Patterson, Asim A Ahmed, William A Bower, Renee Galloway, Sara Saporta-Keating
Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic infection worldwide. Diagnosis of leptospirosis is challenging given its nonspecific clinical symptoms that overlap with other acute febrile illnesses and limitations with conventional diagnostic testing. Alternative advanced diagnostics, such as microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA), are increasingly being used to aid in the diagnosis of infections and can be applied
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Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in Children Within the 12 Months Following Mild COVID-19: Insights From a Survey Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Costanza Di Chiara, Riccardo Boracchini, Anna Cantarutti, Fatima Kakkar, Andrea Oletto, Andrea Padoan, Daniele Donà, Carlo Giaquinto
Understanding the correlation between immune response and protection from COVID-19 will play a pivotal role in predicting the effectiveness of vaccines in children. We studied SARS-CoV-2 reinfection risk in children 12 months post-mild COVID-19. Children under 5 years old exhibited lower reinfection risk than older infected or vaccinated siblings during 12 months postimmunization.
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The Cascade of Care for Early Infant Diagnosis in Zimbabwe: Point of Care HIV Testing at Birth and 6-8 Weeks. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Nancy Aitcheson, Emma Sacks, Tichaona H Nyamundaya, Cephas Muchuchuti, Jennifer Cohn
Routine birth testing of HIV-exposed infants (HEI) using point of care (POC) nucleic acid testing may allow for earlier diagnosis and treatment of infants living with HIV, but more data are needed on retention in care for those diagnosed at birth and re-testing for those with a negative HIV birth test.
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A Case of Enterococcal Patent Ductus Arteriosus-associated Endarteritis in a Preterm Neonate. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Alessandra Mayer, Beatrice Letizia Crippa, Carlo Pietrasanta, Irene Picciolli, Andrea Ronchi, Roberto Raschetti, Alessandra Bandera, Anna Maria Colli, Fabio Mosca, Gaia Francescato, Lorenza Pugni
The persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus frequently occurs in premature neonates and can cause infective endocarditis (IE) or ductal endarteritis (DE) during sepsis. Even though neonatal IE and DE are believed to be a rare eventuality, their incidence has been increasing in the last decades due to the improved survival of even more preterm babies, favored by highly invasive procedures and therapies
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POSTPANDEMIC REBOUND IN NONINVASIVE GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE IS NOT SYNCHRONOUS WITH WINTER RSV AND INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Joana De Beir, Miguel Lucas, Ana Rita Jesus, Lia Gata, Adam Finn, Fernanda Rodrigues
An increase in invasive group A Streptococcus infections was reported in 2022, associated with intense respiratory virus circulation. We describe a marked increase of noninvasive group A Streptococcus infections. Although the rise coincided with epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza, it continued after detection of these viruses fell to low levels, suggesting that other factors have
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Risk Factors for Severe and Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Kyung-Shin Lee, Ye Kyung Kim, Youn Young Choi, Young June Choe, Myoung-Hee Kim, Hyunju Lee
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is generally mild in children; however, severe or critical cases may occur. In this nationwide study, we analyzed clinical manifestations in children diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to identify high-risk groups for severe or critical disease and compared the clinical features between the Delta- and Omicron-dominant periods.
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Off-label Use of Ceftazidime/Avibactam in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Real-life Experience and Literature Review. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Argyro Ftergioti, Melania Degli Antoni, Angeliki Kontou, Maria Kourti, Kalliopi Pantzartzi, Charalampos Zarras, Eleni Agakidou, Kosmas Sarafidis, Emmanuel Roilides, Elias Iosifidis
Multi/extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections have recently increased and new antimicrobial options are needed for difficult-to-treat infections. Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) has been approved for patients aged 3 months to 18 years, but real-life data on its off-label use in neonates and young infants are still scarce.
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High Incidence Rates of Early-onset Bacterial Sepsis in Infants Born in Two Brazilian Maternities: A 15-year Retrospective Analysis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Maemi Casanas Okumura, Davi Casale Aragon, Cristina Gardonyi Carvalheiro, Silvana Maria Quintana, Marisa Márcia Mussi-Pinhata
Data on the burden and etiology of neonatal early-onset bacterial sepsis (EOBS) in low-to-middle-income countries are scarce. Surveillance is critical for optimizing prevention and treatment strategies. We aimed to estimate the incidence of EOBS in 2 large Brazilian cohorts of neonates.
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Pediatric Cryptococcosis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Alison Gifford, Naamal Jayawardena, Fabianne Carlesse, Jairo Lizarazo, Brendan McMullan, Andreas H Groll, Adilia Warris
Seroprevalence studies have shown that 70% of children are exposed to Cryptococcus, the most common cause of meningitis in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but reported pediatric disease prevalence is much lower than in adults.
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Activities, Motivations and Demographics of Provaccine Advocates. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Mattie E Kerns, Sean T O'Leary, Jessica R Cataldi
Vaccine hesitancy is a growing public health concern and has been classified as a major threat to global health by the World Health Organization. While there has been extensive research on the attitudes of vaccine-hesitant individuals, little is known about provaccination advocates. Our objectives were to describe the characteristics, attitudes, activities and motivations of provaccination advocates
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Asthma as a Risk Factor for Hospitalization in Children and Youth With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Shana T Lara, Lisa E Rein, Amanda M Simanek, Michael F Totoraitis, Darren J Rausch, Benjamin W Weston, Kwang Woo Ahn, John R Meurer, Kirsten M M Beyer
Studies examining the association between asthma and hospitalization among children and youth with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have yielded mixed results. Both asthma and COVID-19 hospitalization are characterized by racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities which also pattern geographically, yet no studies to date have adjusted for neighborhood context in the assessment of this association
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Trends in Otitis Media Ambulatory Visits in American Indian and Alaska Native Children During the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Period and the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Sara S Bressler, Dana Bruden, Laura L Hammitt, Uzo Chukwuma, Marc Fischer, Rosalyn Singleton
Otitis media-associated outpatient visits among American Indians/Alaska Natives children aged <5 years decreased by 52% (100 to 48 per 100 children per year) from 2003 to 2019. Otitis media visits decreased by another 50% from 2019 to 2020, but rebounded between 2020 and 2021 back to a rate similar to 2019.
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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Parents of Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner, Carlos Sanchez, Maya C Andre, Sabrina Bressieux-Degueldre, Serge Grazioli, Marie-Helene Perez, Daniela Wütz, Nina Schöbi, Tatjana Welzel, Andrew Atkinson, Luregn J Schlapbach, Julia A Bielicki, Johannes Trück
Data on COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among parents of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) are limited. In this cohort of children with MIS-C, enrolled in the Swissped RECOVERY trial (NCT04826588), comparing intravenous immunoglobulins or methylprednisolone, who, in accordance with Swiss guidelines, were recommended for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, 65% (73/112) of parents reported being
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Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis of the Pelvis in Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Adriana Sarmiento Clemente, J Chase McNeil, Kristina G Hultén, Jesus G Vallejo, Sheldon L Kaplan
Pelvic involvement has been reported in 3%-14% of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) cases in children. One guideline suggests need for a longer antibiotic course in pelvic AHO, however, recent data are lacking. We describe the clinical course of children with pelvic AHO and compare it to nonpelvic AHO.
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URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS YOUNGER THAN 60 DAYS OLD. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Shawn V Idnani, Caroline M Sierra, Timothy Lee
The safety and efficacy of transitioning from parenteral to oral antibiotics in patients aged less than 60 days with urinary tract infections were assessed. Patients who transitioned to oral therapy had a lower mean length of stay with no significant difference in medically attended urinary tract infection symptoms within 30 days of treatment.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS IN HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN IN TWO CONSECUTIVE POSTPANDEMIC YEARS. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Ruth Steinberg, Véronique Marty, Insa Korten, Christoph Aebi, Philipp Latzin, Philipp Ka Agyeman
We assessed human metapneumovirus infections in children hospitalized between 2011 and 2023 and compared the strongest pre- and postpandemic seasons. After the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed offseason cases and loss of the alternating pattern of the human metapneumovirus season magnitude. Incidence rate ratio of 0- to 11-month-old versus 12- to 23-month-old children was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.0-4.8) before
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Fetal Myocarditis Associated With Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Savina Mannarino, Mariano Lanna, Valeria Calcaterra, Thomas Carzaniga, Luca Casiraghi, Alessia Lai, Arianna Gabrieli, Annalisa Bergna, Giulia Fini, Silvia Bianchi, Mara De Amici, Gianguglielmo Zehender, Tommaso Bellini, Marco Buscaglia, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
We report the first case of significant fetal myocardial involvement associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, in which restoration of cardiac function at birth was noted. The demonstration of previous infection was supported by the quantification of humoral response in child and mother, in particular the presence of anti-N antibodies and through the detection of specific antibodies against the
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Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Oral Solution in Preterm and Term Infants Starting Before 3 Months of Age. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Adrie Bekker, Jincheng Yang, Jiajia Wang, Mark F Cotton, Mae Cababasay, Lubbe Wiesner, Jack Moye, Renee Browning, Firdose L Nakwa, Helena Rabie, Avy Violari, Mark Mirochnick, Tim R Cressey, Edmund V Capparelli
Study of liquid lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in young infants has been limited by concerns for its safety in neonates.
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Evaluating the Impact of the BioFire FilmArray in Childhood Meningitis: An Observational Cohort Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Seilesh Kadambari, Shuo Feng, Xinxue Liu, Monique Andersson, Rebecca Waterfield, Harriet Fodder, Aimee Jacquemot, Ushma Galal, Aisling Rafferty, Richard J Drew, Charlene Rodrigues, Manish Sadarangani, Andrew Riordan, Natalie G Martin, Sylviane Defres, Tom Solomon, Andrew J Pollard, Stephane Paulus
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays have the potential to reduce antibiotic use and shorten length of inpatient stay in children with suspected central nervous system infection by obtaining an early microbiological diagnosis. The clinical impact of the implementation of the BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel on the management of childhood meningitis was evaluated at the John Radcliffe
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Retrospective Evaluation of Cystatin C as a Measure of Renal Function in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients Receiving Foscarnet for Cytomegalovirus Reactivation. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Logan R Pickett, Nicole P Daukshus, Christine Camacho-Bydume, Sherry Mathew, Audrey Mauguen, Nina Cohen, Maria Cancio
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation has considerable morbidity and mortality, and foscarnet is a treatment option that requires renal dose adjustment. Serum creatinine (SCr)-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations are used to estimate renal function for patients receiving foscarnet, but cystatin C (cysC) has been shown as a possible