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Adverse drug reactions attributed to generic substitution of antiretroviral medications among HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis clients in British Columbia, Canada. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-2-20 Katherine J Lepik, Olivia L Hunt, Nic Bacani, Lu Wang, Marianne Harris, Junine Toy, Taylor McLinden, Paul Sereda, Linda J Akagi, Erin Ready, Julio Sg Montaner, Rolando Barrios
In British Columbia, antiretrovirals (ARVs) for HIV treatment (HIV-Tx) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are free-of-charge through publicly-funded Drug Treatment Programs (DTPs). When available, less costly generics are substituted for brand-name ARVs. We describe the incidence and type of product substitution issue (PSI) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) attributed to generic ARVs.
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Failure of bamlanivimab with selection of E484K mutation in an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient with nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-2-14 Inès Boussen, Maud Salmona, Flore Sicre De Fontbrune, Aliénor Xhaard, Nathalie De Castro, Constance Delaugerre, Marie-Laure Chaix, Jean-Michel Molina
We report the case of an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient with nosocomial acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection who received antispike neutralizing monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab 2 days after diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection but progressed to severe COVID-19 pneumonia and died with the selection of E484K/Q resistance mutations to bamlanivimab.
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RVX-208, an inducer of Apolipoprotein A-I, inhibits the particle production of hepatitis B virus through activation of cGAS-STING pathway. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-1 Dan Shu, Lin Cheng, Kefei Yuan, Dan Liu, He Wei
Previously, we have demonstrated that Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) could inhibit the secretion of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), suggesting that stimulation of ApoA-I may block particle production. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-HBV effect of RVX-208, a small-molecule stimulator of ApoA-I gene expression.
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Waitlist-controlled trial of an online intervention to address mental health among older people living with HIV. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Jeff Berko, Peter Mazonson, Duncan Short, Maile Karris, Lynsay Ehui, Cassidy A Gutner, Frank Spinelli, Andrew Zolopa
Background: Older people living with HIV (PLWH) often experience elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and loneliness.Methods: This waitlist-controlled trial examined the effectiveness of online audio mindfulness lessons in impacting these feelings among older PLWH.Results: Among 214 participants, the mean (SD) age was 60.4 (5.9) years, 89% were male, and 69% were white. After 25 days, the intervention
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Subacute thyroiditis following COVID-19 vaccination: Case presentation. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Aleksandra Z Tomic, Sonja S Zafirovic, Zoran M Gluvic, Vladimir S Samardzic, Mirjana T Macvanin, Maja Lj Radunovic, Esma R Isenovic
Background: Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an organ-specific disease that various drugs, including COVID-19 vaccines, can trigger. COVID-19 infection has been associated with thyroid gland damage and disease SARS-CoV-2 direct action, euthyroid sick syndrome, and immune-mediated mechanisms are all potential mechanisms of thyroid damage. It denotes thyroid gland inflammation, most commonly of viral origin
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Andrographolide inhibits infectious bronchitis virus-induced apoptosis, pyroptosis, and inflammation. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Jiachen Shen, Qiuchi Xu, Lu Chen, Xinyu Chang, Ruiting Shen, Zhenhua Zhao, Lifei Zhu, Yifei Wu, Xiaolin Hou
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, causes a huge economic loss to the poultry industry. Andrographolide (APL) is a compound with a variety of pharmacological properties, including antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, APL was evaluated for antiviral activity by its anti-apoptotic, anti-pyroptosis, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Computer-assisted drug discovery of potential natural inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase through a multi-phase in silico approach. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Eslam B Elkaeed,Bshra A Alsfouk,Tuqa H Ibrahim,Reem K Arafa,Hazem Elkady,Ibrahim M Ibrahim,Ibrahim H Eissa,Ahmed M Metwaly
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant loss of life and economic disruption worldwide. Currently, there are limited effective treatments available for this disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (SARS-CoV-2 RdRp) has been identified as a potential target for drug development against COVID-19. Natural products have been shown to possess antiviral properties, making them a
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HIV drug resistance in the era of contemporary antiretroviral therapy: A clinical perspective. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-9-26 Andrew Carr, Nicola E Mackie, Roger Paredes, Kiat Ruxrungtham
Contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have high barriers to the development of drug resistance. However, resistance to earlier antiretrovirals and uncommon cases of resistance to contemporary ART illustrate the continued need for good clinical management of HIV drug resistance. Here, we describe HIV drug-resistance mechanisms, the interaction of HIV drug-resistant mutations and the patterns
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Retrospective chart review of transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infection who received maribavir in the Phase 3 SOLSTICE trial: Data at 52 weeks post-maribavir treatment initiation. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-9-2 Marielle Bassel, Dorothy Romanus, Tien Bo, Aimee K Sundberg, Sandra Okala, Ishan Hirji
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent complication in haematopoietic cell/solid organ transplant (HCT/SOT) recipients. Previous studies report all-cause mortality rates of 31% and 50% in HCT/SOT recipients post-treatment initiation with conventional anti-CMV therapies for refractory or resistant CMV.
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Hepatitis C virus/Hepatitis B virus coinfection: Current prospectives. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Quratulain Maqsood,Aleena Sumrin,Maryam Iqbal,Saima Younas,Nazim Hussain,Muhammada Mahnoor,Abdul Wajid
In endemic areas, hepatitis C virus (HCV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection is common, and patients with coinfection have a higher risk of developing liver disease such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In such cases, HCV predominates, and HBV replication is suppressed by HCV. HCV core proteins and interferons that are activated by HCV are responsible for the suppression
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Letter to the editor on use of antibodies from convalescent sera in the treatment of moderate and severe Covid-19 infection. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Sarah B Nahhal,Bassem Awada,Joe-David Azzo,Rayyan Wazzi-Mkahal,Souha Kanj,Zeina A Kanafani
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Fanconi syndrome, diabetes insipidus, and acute kidney injury due to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: A case report. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Nthabiseng Zilwa,Onalethata Mpejane,Golam Mehboob,Sajan Gill,Thomas Kalinoski
BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is widely used in Botswana as part of the first-line antiretroviral regimen in the 'Treat All' strategy implemented in 2016 by the Ministry of Health. Its use has been associated with several uncommon adverse renal effects, though rarely all in conjunction or without the combined use of protease inhibitors. CASE PRESENTATION A 49-year-old woman living with HIV
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Feminizing hormone therapy in a Canadian cohort of transgender women with and without HIV. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Ian Armstrong,Ashley Lacombe-Duncan,Mostafa Shokoohi,Yasmeen Persad,Alice Tseng,Raymond Fung,Angela Underhill,Pierre Côté,Nimâ Machouf,Adrien Saucier,Brenda Varriano,Monica Brundage,Reilly Jones,Thea Weisdorf,John Goodhew,John MacLeod,Mona Loutfy
BACKGROUND Potential bidirectional drug-drug interactions between feminizing hormone therapy (FHT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are of concern for trans women with HIV and their healthcare providers. This study aimed to characterize patterns of FHT and ART among trans women with HIV and to compare serum hormone levels to trans women without HIV. METHODS Charts of trans women were reviewed at seven
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Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of influenza A viral variants in study participants treated with pimodivir in the phase 2b TOPAZ study. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-5-25 Johan Vingerhoets, Ilse Van Dromme, Wilbert van Duijnhoven, David Anderson, Sandra De Meyer, Lorant Leopold
Pimodivir is a first-in-class polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit inhibitor of the influenza A polymerase complex. The randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled phase 2b TOPAZ study demonstrated antiviral activity and safety of twice daily pimodivir alone (300 mg, 600 mg) or in combination with oseltamivir (pimodivir 600 mg, oseltamivir 75 mg) in adult study participants with acute uncomplicated
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The evolution of clinical study design in heavily treatment-experienced persons with HIV: A critical review. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Judith A Aberg,Anthony Mills,Santiago Moreno,Jill Slater,Manyu Prakash,Andrew Clark
Heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) persons with HIV have limited options for antiretroviral therapy and face many challenges, complicating their disease management. There is an ongoing need for new antiretrovirals and treatment strategies for this population. We reviewed the study designs, baseline characteristics, and results of clinical trials that enrolled HTE persons with HIV. A PubMed literature
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A single, oral dose of the TLR7 agonist JNJ-64794964 induces transcriptomic and phenotypic changes in peripheral immune cells in healthy adults. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-5-18 Wim Pierson, Marianne Tuefferd, Florence Herschke, Leen Slaets, Marjolein Crabbe, Dorien Verstappen, Steffi De Pelsmaeker, Ian Strickland, Edward J Gane, Christian Schwabe, Yingjie Zhang, Peter Meerts, Joris Vandenbossche, Pieter Van Remoortere, Inge Verbrugge, An De Creus
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is responsible for major disease burden worldwide. However, the number of available therapies is limited; cure remains an elusive goal. JNJ-64794964 (JNJ-4964) is an oral toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7) agonist being evaluated for the treatment of CHB. Here, we investigated the capacity of JNJ-4964 to induce transcriptomic and immune cell changes in peripheral blood in healthy
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Lipid and glucose abnormalities and associated factors among children living with HIV in Asia. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-4-28 Tulathip Suwanlerk, Dhanushi Rupasinghe, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul, Vu T An, Jeremy L Ross, Azar Kariminia, Nguyen Van Lam, Aarti Kinikar, Pradthana Ounchanum, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Nik K Nik Yusoff, Pagakrong Lumbiganon, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit, Do C Viet, Tavitiya Sudjaritruk, Fong S Moy, Dewi K Wati, Thahira J Mohamed, Revathy Nallusamy, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Vohith Khol, Truong H Khanh, Nia
Children living with HIV (CLHIV) on prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at risk for lipid and glucose abnormalities. Prevalence and associated factors were assessed in a multicentre, Asian longitudinal paediatric cohort.
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Treatment-related early discontinuations and adverse events among newly diagnosed people living with HIV initiating integrase inhibitors in a real-world setting. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-3-11 Charlotte-Paige Rolle, Jamie Castano, Vu Nguyen, Kiran Patel, Federico Hinestrosa, Edwin DeJesus
Cohort studies suggest higher discontinuation rates with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) than are seen in clinical trials. We assessed discontinuations and adverse events (AEs) that were considered related to the initial INSTI in the first year following initiation among treatment-naïve people living with HIV (PLWH).
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Case report and literature review: A hiccup patient developed encephalitis and duodenal perforation. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-3-3 Fanfeng Kong, Xiao Xue Zeng
Brainstem encephalitis is rare and this study aims to report the clinical course, imaging features, and therapeutic response of hiccup patient with gastric ulcer who developed brainstem encephalitis with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) detected in cerebrospinal fluid and then subsequently followed by development of duodenal perforation. Data of a gastric ulcer patient who suffered from hiccups, with brainstem
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Efficacy, safety and tolerability of Biktarvy in HIV-1 infection: A scoping review. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-2-22 Ellen Peters, And Collins Iwuji
Background: Biktarvy is approved for use in HIV-1 infection in both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced individuals, after a series of successful phase III trials. However, studies on real-world evidence on its efficacy, safety and tolerability are limited. Purpose: The study aims to collate real-world evidence on the use of Biktarvy in clinical practice to identify gaps in knowledge. Research
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Inhibition of chikungunya virus replication by N-ω-Chloroacetyl-L-Ornithine in C6/36, Vero cells and human fibroblast BJ. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-2-2 Lucero Rojas-Luna, Araceli Posadas-Modragón, Amanda M Avila-Trejo, Verónica Alcántara-Farfán, Lorena I Rodríguez-Páez, José Angel Santiago-Cruz, Marvin O Pastor-Alonso, J Leopoldo Aguilar-Faisal
Polyamines are involved in several cellular processes and inhibiting their synthesis affects chikungunya virus (CHIKV) replication and translation, and, therefore, reduces the quantity of infectious viral particles produced. In this study, we evaluated the inhibition of CHIKV replication by N-ω-chloroacetyl-L-ornithine (NCAO), a competitive inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme which is key
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Abacavir safety and effectiveness in young infants with HIV in South African observational cohorts. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Reneé de Waal,Helena Rabie,Karl-Günter Technau,Brian Eley,Nosisa Sipambo,Mark Cotton,Andrew Boulle,Robin Wood,Frank Tanser,Geoffrey Fatti,Matthias Egger,Mary-Ann Davies,
BACKGROUND WHO guidelines recommend abacavir in first-line antiretroviral treatment for children and neonates. However, there is no approved dose <3 months of age, and data in neonates are limited. METHODS We included infants who initiated ART aged <3 months, between 2006 and 2019, in nine South African cohorts. In those who received abacavir or zidovudine, we described antiretroviral discontinuation
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Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models of JNJ-64794964, a toll-like receptor 7 agonist, in healthy adult participants. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-1-25 Liviawati S Wu, Yue Hu, Edward J Gane, Leen Slaets, An De Creus, Yanhua Ding, Junqi Niu, Christian Schwabe, Nele Goeyvaerts, Zhongnan Xu, Dandan Huo, Marianne Tuefferd, Inge Verbrugge, Pieter Van Remoortere, Ullrich Schwertschlag, Joris Vandenbossche
JNJ-4964 is a TLR7 agonist, which, via a type I interferon (IFN)-dependent mechanism, may enhance host immunity suppressed by persistent exposure to hepatitis B antigens in chronic hepatitis B.
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Pharmacokinetics of zanamivir in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 André Wieringa,Peter Gj Ter Horst,GertJan Hj Wagenvoort,Birgit Cp Koch,Jasper J Haringman
BACKGROUND Limited data exist for dosing of zanamivir in the setting of CVVH in the intensive care unit (ICU). Our objective is to report the pharmacokinetics and sieving coefficient (Sv) of zanamivir in patients receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). METHODS In this prospective observational study, patients of ≥18 years admitted to the ICU with a life-threatening Influenza A or B infection
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A favipiravir-induced angioedema and urticaria in a COVID-19 patient. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-22 Figen Ergur Ozturk, Ayperi Ozturk, Hale Ates
Although favipiravir is a promising drug for coronavirus disease 2019, some adverse effects, including skin lesions, have been reported. A 56-year-old female who was prescribed favipiravir by a filiation team following a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction test presented to our hospital. After examination, favipiravir and paracetamol were prescribed. She
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Understanding the effect of direct-acting antiviral therapy on weight in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-11 Chinyere L Nkwocha, Pamela S Carter, Somer Blair, James M Blackwell, Esther O Fasanmi
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionized treatment for HCV. Compared to interferon-based therapies, DAAs achieve higher rates of sustained virologic response, with more tolerable side effects. Nonetheless, interferon-based therapies have the potential to cause weight loss, and literature documenting the impact of DAAs on weight is limited. Appetite suppression may occur with chronic HCV
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Letermovir use to treat complex cytomegalovirus reactivations in two heart transplant recipients. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-19 Aude Boignard, Caroline Augier, Mathilde Kheng, Olivier Epaulard, Raphaele Germi
Letermovir, an anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) drug, is recommended as a prophylactic agent in patients at risk of CMV infection/reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. We report the curative and pre-emptive use of letermovir in two heart transplant recipients. In one patient with ganciclovir-resistant CMV, letermovir was successfully used to treat CMV colitis. In the second patient
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EDP-514 in healthy subjects and nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor-suppressed patients with chronic hepatitis B. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-17 Jordan J Feld, Eric Lawitz, Tuan Nguyen, Jacob Lalezari, Tarek Hassanein, Paul Martin, Steven-Huy Han, Douglas Dieterich, Jeanne-Marie Giard, Guy De La Rosa, Alaa Ahmad, Ed Luo, Annie L Conery, Nathalie Adda
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. EDP-514 is a potent core inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) that reduces viral load reduction in HBV-infected chimeric mice. This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of EDP-514 in healthy subjects and antiviral activity in patients with CHB.
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A Phase 1 randomized study of GSK3732394, an investigational long-acting biologic treatment regimen for HIV-1 infection. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-4 Mark Krystal, Shiven Chabria, Daren Austin, Allen Wolstenholme, David Wensel, Max Lataillade, Judah Abberbock, Mark Baker, Peter Ackerman
The GSK3732394 multivalent protein was developed as a novel, long-acting, antiretroviral biologic treatment regimen with three independent, non-cross-resistant mechanisms for inhibiting HIV-1 entry.
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Preface: Special Collection Commemorating John C. Martin. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Stephen Locarnini,Douglas Richman,Richard Whitley
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Antiretroviral therapy adherence patterns, virological suppression, and emergence of drug resistance: A nested case-control study from Uganda and South Africa. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Anisha Tyagi,Yao Tong,Dustin J Rabideau,Zahra Reynolds,Tulio De Oliveira,Richard Lessells,Gideon Amanyire,Catherine Orrell,Stephen Asiimwe,Benjamin Chimukangara,Jennifer Giandhari,Sureshnee Pillay,Jessica E Haberer,Mark J Siedner,
BACKGROUND Relationships between distinct antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence patterns and risk of drug resistance are not well understood. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control analysis within a longitudinal cohort study of individuals initiating efavirenz-based ART. Primary outcomes of interest, measured at 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation, were: 1) virologic suppression, 2) virologic
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Antiretroviral therapy achieved metabolic complete remission of hepatic AIDS related Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-9-17 Takahide Ara, Tomoyuki Endo, Hideki Goto, Kohei Kasahara, Yuta Hasegawa, Shota Yokoyama, Souichi Shiratori, Masao Nakagawa, Ken Kuwahara, Emi Takakuwa, Satoshi Hashino, Takanori Teshima
Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor which occurs in immunocompromised patients. The immune status is an important factor in the treatment of EBV-SMTs, but the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not elucidated in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related EBV-SMTs. Here, we report the first successful case of a 29-year-old man with
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Pharmacokinetic interaction between raltegravir and rifampicin in an infant with HIV exposed to active TB: a case report. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-9-6 Marlotte Aa van der Veer, Tom G Jacobs, Laura H Bukkems, Angela Ph Colbers, David M Burger, Henriette J Scherpbier, Yuma A Bijleveld
We report a case of an infant with HIV receiving raltegravir granules for oral suspension and rifampicin-based TB prophylaxis. Raltegravir trough levels remained subtherapeutic and viral load increased during concurrent rifampicin therapy despite using double-dosed raltegravir. Even after rifampicin therapy, a higher dose was needed. This highlights the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring and
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Outcomes of etravirine-based antiretroviral treatment in treatment-experienced children and adolescents living with HIV in Europe and Thailand. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-8-28 European Pregnancy And Paediatric Infections Cohort Collaboration Eppicc, Alex Lyons, Lindsay Thompson, Elizabeth Chappell, Luminita Ene, Luisa Galli, Tessa Goetghebuer, Gonzague Jourdain, Antoni Noguera-Julian, Christian R Kahlert, Christoph Königs, Pope Kosalaraksa, Pagakrong Lumbiganon, Magdalena Marczyńska, Laura Marques, Marissa Navarro, Lars Naver, Liubov Okhonskaia, Filipa Prata, Thanyawee Puthanakit
Etravirine (ETR) is approved as a component of second or third-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) for children living with HIV. We assessed the outcomes of ETR-based ART in children in routine care in Europe and Thailand.
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The renal-bone axis in older people living with HIV on stable antiretroviral therapy: A sub-analysis of the GS-US-104-0423 study. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-8-25 Elena Alvarez, Lucy Campbell, Willard Tinago, Alejandro Garcia-Leon, Ian Walsh, Jennifer J Brady, Keith Burling, Sebastian Noe, Marie F Neuville, Francois Jouret, Farid Jamshidian, Hiba Graham, Martin Rhee, Paddy W Mallon, Frank A Post
Data on low bone mineral density (BMD) in people living with HIV (PLWH) are mainly derived from younger adults; little is known about how antiretroviral therapy (ART) and alterations in the renal-bone axis relate to BMD in older PLWH.
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Resistance levels to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among pregnant women with recent HIV infection in Malawi. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-8-18 George Bello, Matthew Kagoli, Sikhona Chipeta, Andrew Auld, Joy C-W Chang, Joshua R DeVos, Evelyn Kim, Jonathan Mkungudza, Danielle Payne, Michael Eliya, Rose Nyirenda, Andreas Jahn, Taziona Mzumara, Bernard Mvula, Sufia Dadabhai, Ireen Namakhoma, Yusuf Babaye, Amalia Giron, Michael R Jordan, Silvia Bertagnolio, Gabrielle O'Malley, Nellie Wadonda-Kabondo
Information on HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) prevalence in people newly diagnosed with HIV is limited. We implemented a cross-sectional study to estimate HIVDR prevalence among pregnant women recently infected with HIV in Malawi.
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Progress in the quality of care for newly diagnosed people with HIV in Spain (2004-2019). Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-7-9 Belén Alejos, Cristina Díez, María J Galindo, Juan C López, Estela Moreno-García, Vicente Estrada, Eva Poveda, Mohamed Omar, Inmaculada Jarrín, Juan Berenguer
We monitored the quality of care for newly diagnosed people with HIV (PWH) in Spain, including linkage to care within 1 month of HIV diagnosis (LC-1Mo) and viral suppression within 3 months of HIV diagnosis (VS-3Mo).
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Socioeconomic status largely explains integrase inhibitors-related body composition differences in chronically infected men living with HIV. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-6-23 Julie K Wisch, Sarah A Cooley, Kevin E Yarasheski, W Todd Cade, Dominic N Reeds, Brittany Nelson, Ruth Alemu, Tricia H Burdo, Beau M Ances
Substantial body composition alterations have been reported after starting combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). We characterized a cohort of chronically infected and virologically suppressed (VL < 50 copies/ml) men (≥50 years old) living with HIV (MLWH) who were switched to integrase inhibitors (INSTI), and compared their body composition parameters and proinflammatory/endocrine profiles to age-matched
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JNJ-73763989 pharmacokinetics and safety: Liver-targeted siRNAs against hepatitis B virus, in Japanese and non-Japanese healthy adults, and combined with JNJ-56136379 and a nucleos(t)ide analogue in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-6-14 Ed Gane, Man-Fung Yuen, Thomas N Kakuda, Tetsuro Ogawa, Yasushi Takahashi, Nele Goeyvaerts, Isabelle Lonjon-Domanec, Tamisha Vaughan, Thomas Schluep, James Hamilton, Emmanuel Njumbe Ediage, Vera Hillewaert, Jan Snoeys, Oliver Lenz, Willem Talloen, Michael Biermer
JNJ-73763989 comprises two hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific, liver-targeted N-galactosamine-conjugated short interfering RNA triggers, JNJ-73763976 and JNJ-73763924. JNJ-73763989 pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability were assessed in two phase 1 studies: Japanese (NCT04002752), and non-Japanese healthy participants and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients also receiving the HBV capsid assembly modulator
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Acquired HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda: A cross-sectional nationally representative survey. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-21 Gentille Musengimana, Elysee Tuyishime, Athanase Kiromera, Samuel S Malamba, Augustin Mulindabigwi, Madjid R Habimana, Cyprien Baribwira, Muhayimpundu Ribakare, Savio D Habimana, Josh DeVos, Richard C N Mwesigwa, Eugenie Kayirangwa, Jules M Semuhore, Gallican N Rwibasira, Amitabh B Suthar, Eric Remera
We assessed the prevalence of acquired HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) and associated factors among patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Rwanda.
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Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 William A Lee, Andrew K Cheng
Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate is a lipophilic prodrug of tenofovir which is preferentially metabolized in lymphatic tissue resulting in high concentrations of tenofovir (TFV) and its active diphosphate metabolite inside the cells that replicate HIV. Due to its selectivity for these tissues, lower total doses of TAF can be administered relative to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) which results in
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Adefovir for lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Rebecca Roediger, Elizabeth Kula Smyth, Douglas Dieterich
Adefovir, a nucleotide analog developed by John Martin, was a major breakthrough in the treatment of chronic Hepatitis B. Prior to adefovir, Hepatitis B treatment was limited to two therapeutic modalities, either interferon, which carried significant side effects and was efficacious in a minority of patients, or lamivudine which showed no durable effects with short-term use and a high rate of resistance
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Discovery and development of oseltamivir at Gilead Sciences. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Uli Schmitz, Swami Swaminathan
John Martin's untimely death in March 2021 was a huge loss for us personally, Gilead Sciences, the company he built over 30 years and the scientific community concerned with antiviral therapies. We wish to honor John's legacy by retelling the discovery and history of Tamiflu and his contributions to it. Without his vision, persistence, and keen eye for opportunities, Tamiflu would not exist and Gilead's
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Polaris Observatory-supporting informed decision-making at the national, regional, and global levels to eliminate viral hepatitis. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Homie Razavi
Background: Tools to eliminate Hepatitis B and C have been available and in 2016, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis. However, the adoption of hepatitis elimination programs has remained slow. Research design: The Center for Disease Analysis created a universal registry, the Polaris Observatory, to support informed decision-making at the national
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Advancing HIV prevention using tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Salim S Abdool Karim, Cheryl Baxter, Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) revolutionized the global HIV prevention landscape. Prior to the proof-of concept trial in 2010, which demonstrated that tenofovir (TFV) could prevent sexual transmission of HIV, prevention options were largely limited to behavior change, condoms, and circumcision. Several subsequent studies evaluating oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or the TDF/emtricitabine
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The role of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for preventing vertical transmission of hepatitis B. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Calvin Q Pan
Since immunoprophylaxis failure can occur if maternal serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels are >200,000 IU/ml, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy has been investigated for preventing mother to child transmission (PMTCT).
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Journey of remdesivir from the inhibition of hepatitis C virus to the treatment of COVID-19. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Tomas Cihlar, Richard L Mackman
If a planned path reaches a dead-end, one can simply stop. Or one can turn around, walk back to the last intersection and take another path, or one can consider taking few paths in parallel. The last scenario is reflective of the journey of remdesivir, the first antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19, that was approved by FDA less than 10 months after the isolation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible
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Commentary: Development of Therapeutics for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Richard J Whitley
In the mid 1980's, I flew from Birmingham, Alabama to San Francisco, rented a car, and drove to Palo Alto so that I could meet with John Martin at Syntex. John, along with Julian Verheyden, synthesized ganciclovir, which had significant in vitro activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in vitro. This drug provided my colleagues and me an opportunity to evaluate it as a therapeutic agent for congenital
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The transformation of HIV therapy: One pill once a day. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Madhu C Choudhary, John W Mellors
A co-formulated, one pill once a day antiretroviral regimen (single-tablet regimen), containing efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate (Atripla), revolutionized the antiretroviral therapy landscape. Single-tablet regimens provide not only dosing convenience but help optimize adherence and persistence with antiretroviral therapy to achieve durably suppressed viremia with both individual
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Providing access to high-quality, low-cost medicines across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), working with governments and generic manufacturers around the globe - A business case. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Gregg Alton, Clifford Samuel, Anand Reddi
Gilead Sciences, under Dr. John Martin's leadership, created its Global Access Program to deliver high-quality, affordable medicines to treat and ultimately eliminate some of the world's most challenging-to-treat, pervasive, life-limiting diseases not as philanthropy but based on a self-sustaining business model-a highly novel concept in the pharmaceutical realm. John was determined to bring together
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The best backbone for HIV prevention, treatment, and elimination: Emtricitabine+tenofovir. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Raymond F Schinazi, Dharmeshkumar Patel, Maryam Ehteshami
The advent of antiretroviral combination therapy has significantly impacted the HIV/AIDS epidemic. No longer a death sentence, HIV infection can be controlled and suppressed using cocktail therapies that contain two or more small molecule drugs. This review aims to highlight the discovery, development, and impact of one such molecule, namely, emtricitabine (FTC, emtriva), which is one of the most successful
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The making of the one pill-Developing single tablet regimens for HIV and for HCV. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Taiyin Yang, Reza Oliyai, Kenneth M Kent
A concept of "all or nothing" inspired the innovation of a one-pill-once-daily HIV treatment. Atripla® was the one pill that combined efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to become the first daily single tablet regimen that forever simplified HIV treatment to enhance patient compliance and thus, sustained viral suppression. The making of Atripla incorporated dry granulation and
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The curing regimens of HCV: A SWOT analysis. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Markus Cornberg, Michael P Manns
The development of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) has revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, enabling cure of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in more than 95% of cases. There are essentially no contraindications, so almost any patient can now be successfully treated. The result is the prevention or amelioration of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and extrahepatic manifestations
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Case study of hepatitis C virus control in Egypt: impact of access program. Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-5-3 Imam Waked
Although Egypt was the country with the highest prevalence of hepatitis C in the world, the availability of sofosbuvir based therapies enabled Egypt to be the first country to eliminate hepatitis C and cure more than 4 million chronically infected patients.
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A rare complication of coronary vasospasm associated with concomitant use of ergotamine, cobicistat, and darunavir Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Cheng-En Wu,Chun-Hsien Wu,Shih-Hung Tsai,Wen-I Liao
Ergotism is a rare cause of peripheral vasoconstriction with varying presentation depending on the affected vessels. Coronary vasospasm is a rare, potentially fatal manifestation of ergotism. Cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme CYP3A metabolizes ergot alkaloids and their derivatives; thus, concomitant use of ergotamine and CYP3A inhibitors significantly increases ergotism risk. The antiretroviral drug darunavir
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Changes in blood lipids in patients with chronic hepatitis B after 48 weeks of tenofovir alafenamide treatment: A prospective real-world clinical study Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Yeqiong Zhang,Zhipeng Li,Qiumin Luo,Wenxiong Xu,Lu Wang,Shu Zhu,Liang Peng,Chan Xie
Background Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a new anti-hepatitis B virus nucleotide analogue that can cause dyslipidaemia in AIDS patients, but the effect of TAF on blood lipids in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TAF on blood lipid levels in patients with CHB. Methods One hundred and twenty-one CHB patients were recruited as TAF group, including
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Commentary: John C. Martin (1951–2021) Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Lillian L Lou,Amy Flood,Taiyin Yang,Richard J Whitley
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Antiviral prophylaxis for hepatitis B virus in COVID-19 patients treated with immunosuppressive drug therapy Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-03-07 Antonio Mastroianni,Sonia Greco,Luciana Chidichimo,Maria Vittoria Mauro,Filippo Urso,Valeria Vangeli
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Efficacy of second-line dolutegravir plus 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors by baseline nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor use in the DAWNING study Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Dannae Brown,Richard Kaplan,Marcelo Losso,Carlos Brites,Ruolan Wang,Mark Underwood,Judy Hopking,Michael Aboud,Jörg Sievers
Background In the DAWNING study, dolutegravir + 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) demonstrated superior efficacy at Week 48 and a favourable safety profile compared with lopinavir/ritonavir + 2 NRTIs in adults with HIV-1 failing first-line therapy of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor + 2 NRTIs. Methods Participants at 58 centres in 13 countries were randomised (1:1)
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Depressive symptoms are no longer a barrier to HCV treatment initiation in the HIV–HCV co-infected population in Canada Antivir. Ther. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Gayatri Marathe,Erica E M Moodie,Marie-Josée Brouillette,Joseph Cox,Charlotte Lanièce Delaunay,Curtis Cooper,Mark Hull,John Gill,Sharon Walmsley,Neora Pick,Marina B Klein
Background Psychiatric illness was a major barrier for HCV treatment during the Interferon (IFN) treatment era due to neuropsychiatric side effects. While direct acting antivirals (DAA) are better tolerated, patient-level barriers persist. We aimed to assess the effect of depressive symptoms on time to HCV treatment initiation among HIV–HCV co-infected persons during the IFN (2003–2011) and second-generation