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The role of bile acid metabolism in bone and muscle: from analytics to mechanisms Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Markus Herrmann, Giovanny Rodriguez-Blanco, Marco Balasso, Katarzyna Sobolewska, Maria Donatella Semeraro, Nerea Alonso, Wolfgang Herrmann
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are both common age-related disorders that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Bone and muscle are metabolically very active tissues that require larg...
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Implication of calcium supplementations in health and diseases with special focus on colorectal cancer Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Shahanavaj Khan, S. Needa Mosvi, Saeed Vohra, Nitesh Kumar Poddar
Calcium is a fundamental and integrative element and helps to ensure optimal health by regulating various physiological and pathological processes. While there is substantiated evidence confirming ...
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DNA/RNA-based electrochemical nanobiosensors for early detection of cancers Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Babak Mikaeeli Kangarshahi, Seyed Morteza Naghib, Navid Rabiee
Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, serve as versatile recognition elements in electrochemical biosensors, demonstrating notable efficacy in detecting various cancer biomarkers with high sensitivity a...
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Extracellular vesicles in cancer: challenges and opportunities for clinical laboratories Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Álvaro González, Silvia López-Borrego, Amaia Sandúa, Mar Vales-Gomez, Estibaliz Alegre
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles secreted by most cells. They transport different types of biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) characteristic of their tissue or ...
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KIF2C/MCAK a prognostic biomarker and its oncogenic potential in malignant progression, and prognosis of cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis as biomarker Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Nina-Naomi Kreis, Ha Hyung Moon, Linda Wordeman, Frank Louwen, Christine Solbach, Juping Yuan, Andreas Ritter
KIF2C/MCAK (KIF2C) is the most well-characterized member of the kinesin-13 family, which is critical in the regulation of microtubule (MT) dynamics during mitosis, as well as interphase. This syste...
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Challenges of insulin-like growth factor-1 testing Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Rongrong Huang, Junyan Shi, Ruhan Wei, Jieli Li
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), primarily synthesized in the liver, was initially discovered due to its capacity to replicate the metabolic effects of insulin. Subsequently, it emerged as a k...
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Liquid biopsy for the management of NSCLC patients under osimertinib treatment Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Aliki Ntzifa, Theodoros Marras, Vasilis Georgoulias, Evi Lianidou
Therapeutic management of NSCLC patients is quite challenging as they are mainly diagnosed at a late stage of disease, and they present a high heterogeneous molecular profile. Osimertinib changed t...
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Lipid-binding antiphospholipid antibodies: significance for pathophysiology and diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Nadine Müller-Calleja, Wolfram Ruf, Karl J. Lackner
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Since approximately 30 years ago, lipid-binding aPL, whic...
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General features, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnostics of autoimmune encephalitis Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Stefano Masciocchi, Pietro Businaro, Silvia Scaranzin, Chiara Morandi, Diego Franciotta, Matteo Gastaldi
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of inflammatory conditions that can associate with the presence of antibodies directed to neuronal intracellular, or cell surface antigens. These disorders a...
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Development of next-generation reference interval models to establish reference intervals based on medical data: current status, algorithms and future consideration Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Chaochao Ma, Zheng Yu, Ling Qiu
Evidence derived from laboratory medicine plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis of various diseases. Reference intervals (RIs) are indispensable tools for asses...
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Pathologist workload, burnout, and wellness: connecting the dots Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Ziyad Khatab, Kattreen Hanna, Andrew Rofaeil, Catherine Wang, Raymond Maung, George M. Yousef
No standard tool to measure pathologist workload currently exists. An accurate measure of workload is needed for determining the number of pathologists to be hired, distributing the workload fairly...
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Unlocking the link between haptoglobin polymorphism and noninfectious human diseases: insights and implications Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Joris R. Delanghe, Charlotte Delrue, Reinhart Speeckaert, Marijn M. Speeckaert
Haptoglobin (Hp) is a polymorphic protein that was initially described as a hemoglobin (Hb)-binding protein. The major functions of Hp are to scavenge Hb, prevent iron loss, and prevent heme-based ...
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Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA): can it be used as a pan-cancer early detection test? Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Michael J. Duffy, John Crown
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA, DNA shed by cancer cells) is emerging as one of the most transformative cancer biomarkers discovered to-date. Although potentially useful at all the phases of cancer d...
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Artificial intelligence in serum protein electrophoresis: history, state of the art, and perspective Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 He He, Lingfeng Wang, Xia Wang, Mei Zhang
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is a valuable laboratory test that separates proteins from the blood based on their electrical charge and size. The test can detect and analyze various protein ...
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Omics-based novel strategies in the diagnosis of endometriosis Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Mohammad Samare-Najaf, Seyed Ali Razavinasab, Ali Samareh, Navid Jamali
Endometriosis, an enigmatic and chronic disorder, is considered a debilitating condition despite being benign. Globally, this gynecologic disorder affects up to 10% of females of reproductive age, ...
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Therapeutic biomarkers in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: does the state matter? Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Peter H. J. Slootbeek, Sofie H. Tolmeijer, Niven Mehra, Jack A. Schalken
The treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been fundamentally transformed by our greater understanding of its complex biological mechanisms and its entrance into t...
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Emerging applications of machine learning in genomic medicine and healthcare Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Narjice Chafai, Luigi Bonizzi, Sara Botti, Bouabid Badaoui
The integration of artificial intelligence technologies has propelled the progress of clinical and genomic medicine in recent years. The significant increase in computing power has facilitated the ...
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Optimizing the data in direct access testing: information technology to support an emerging care model Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Michelle Stoffel, Stacy G. Beal, Khalda A. Ibrahim, Michael Rummel, Dina N. Greene
Direct access testing (DAT) is an emerging care model that provides on-demand laboratory services for certain preventative, diagnostic, and monitoring indications. Unlike conventional testing model...
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Applications of SARS-CoV-2 serological testing: impact of test performance, sample matrices, and patient characteristics Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Chun Yiu Jordan Fung, Mackenzie Scott, Jordan Lerner-Ellis, Jennifer Taher
Laboratory testing has been a key tool in managing the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. While rapid antigen and PCR testing has proven useful for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, additional testi...
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Analytical performance specifications and quality assurance of point-of-care testing in primary healthcare Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Anne Stavelin, Sverre Sandberg
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is the fastest-growing segment of laboratory medicine. This review focuses on the essential aspects of setting analytical performance specifications (APS) and performin...
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Implementation of pharmacogenomics testing for precision medicine Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-30 Anastasia L. Gant Kanegusuku, Clarence W. Chan, Peter H. O’Donnell, Kiang-Teck J. Yeo
Great strides have been made in the past decade to lower barriers to clinical pharmacogenomics implementation. Nevertheless, PGx consultation prior to prescribing therapeutics is not yet mainstream...
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A review of clinical guidelines, laboratory recommendations and external quality assurance programs for monoclonal gammopathy testing Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-30 Say Min Lim, Nilika Wijeratne, Kay Weng Choy, Thi Thanh Hai Nguyen, Lyana Setiawan, Tze Ping Loh
Monoclonal gammopathy (MG) is a spectrum of diseases ranging from the benign asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to the malignant multiple myeloma. Clinical guidelines a...
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New biomarkers in acute kidney injury Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Adam Rossiter, Ashley La, Jay L. Koyner, Lui G. Forni
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a commonly encountered clinical syndrome. Although it often complicates community acquired illness, it is more common in hospitalized patients, particularly those who a...
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Pre-analytical conditions and implementation of quality control steps in liquid biopsy analysis Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-30 Aliki Ntzifa, Evi Lianidou
Over the last decade, great advancements have been made in the field of liquid biopsy through extensive research and the development of new technologies that facilitate the use of liquid biopsy for...
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Establishing optimal cutoff values for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin algorithms in risk stratification of acute myocardial infarction Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Li Liu, Kent Lewandrowski
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality globally, highlighting the need for timely and accurate diagnostic strategies. Cardiac troponin has been the biomarker of choice fo...
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Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: from genes to molecular targeted therapies Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-16 Giovanni Ponti, Carmine De Angelis, Rosamaria Ponti, Linda Pongetti, Lorena Losi, Alberto Sticchi, Aldo Tomasi, Tomris Ozben
Hereditary familial tumors constitute 10–15% of all malignancies and present opportunities for the identification of therapeutic approaches against specific germline genetic defects. Hereditary bre...
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Lipoprotein(a): a genetically determined risk factor for Cardiovascular disease Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Santica M. Marcovina
Lipoprotein(a) is a complex lipoprotein with unique characteristics distinguishing it from all the other apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particles. Its lipid composition and the presence of...
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Laboratory investigation and diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Konstantinos Dimopoulos, Armando Tripodi, Jens P. Goetze
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and potentially fatal disease for which rapid diagnosis is crucial for patient outcomes. Deficient activity (< 10%) of the liver enzyme, ADAMTS13...
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It’s in the blood: a review of the hematological system in SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19 Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 James V. Harte, Caroline Coleman-Vaughan, Maeve P. Crowley, Vitaliy Mykytiv
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented global healthcare crisis. While SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19 affects primarily the respir...
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Advances and challenges in the measurement of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: a comprehensive review Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-05 Zhicheng Jin, Roger L. Bertholf, Xin Yi
Vitamin D has received significant attention from clinical societies, researchers, and the general population in recent years. While 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the most commonly-used biomarke...
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Estimating glomerular filtration rate with new equations: can one size ever fit all? Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Ramla N. Kasozi, Jeffrey W. Meeusen, John C. Lieske
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is thought to be the best overall indicator of kidney health. On an individual patient basis, a working knowledge of GFR is important to understand the future risk ...
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Advances in minimal residual disease monitoring in multiple myeloma Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Charissa Wijnands, Somayya Noori, Niels W. C. J. van de Donk, Martijn M. VanDuijn, Joannes F. M. Jacobs
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells and the excretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein), or fragments thereof. This biomarker plays a key role in...
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Advances in internal quality control Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Tze Ping Loh, Chun Yee Lim, Sunil Kumar Sethi, Rui Zhen Tan, Corey Markus
Quality control practices in the modern laboratory are the result of significant advances over the many years of the profession. Major advance in conventional internal quality control has undergone...
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Developing an SI-traceable Lp(a) reference measurement system: a pilgrimage to selective and accurate apo(a) quantification Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Nina M. Diederiks, Yuri E. M. van der Burgt, L. Renee Ruhaak, Christa M. Cobbaert
In the past decade a remarkable rebirth of serum/plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurred. Updated evidence for a causal continuous assoc...
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Erroneous potassium results: preanalytical causes, detection, and corrective actions Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Kathrin Schlüter, Janne Cadamuro
Abstract Potassium is one of the most requested laboratory tests. Its level is carefully monitored and maintained in a narrow physiological range. Even slightly altered potassium values may severely impact the patient’s health, which is why an accurate and reliable result is of such importance. Even if high-quality analytics are available, there are still numerous ways in which potassium measurements
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Current status and challenges in establishing reference intervals based on real-world data Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Sijia Ma, Juntong Yu, Xiaosong Qin, Jianhua Liu
Abstract Reference intervals (RIs) are the cornerstone for evaluation of test results in clinical practice and are invaluable in judging patient health and making clinical decisions. Establishing RIs based on clinical laboratory data is a branch of real-world data mining research. Compared to the traditional direct method, this indirect approach is highly practical, widely applicable, and low-cost
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Reference intervals: past, present, and future Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 Kelly Doyle, Dustin R. Bunch
Abstract Clinical laboratory test results alone are of little value in diagnosing, treating, and monitoring health conditions; as such, a clinically actionable cutoff or reference interval is required to provide context for result interpretation. Healthcare practitioners base their diagnoses, follow-up treatments, and subsequent testing on these reference points. However, they may not be aware of inherent
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Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: how current research implicates autoimmunity in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-20 Miyo K. Chatanaka, Dorsa Sohaei, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Ioannis Prassas
Abstract The amyloid hypothesis has so far been at the forefront of explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and eventual death. Recent evidence, however, points to additional factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. These include the neurovascular hypothesis, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis
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Molecular effects of ozone on amino acids and proteins, especially human hemoglobin and albumin, and the need to personalize ozone concentration in major ozone autohemotherapy Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-11 Fouad Mehraban, Arefeh Seyedarabi
Abstract Major ozonated autohemotherapy is a complementary therapy that is widely used to treat various diseases. In the ozonation method, ozone that is dissolved in the plasma immediately reacts with biomolecules and produces H2O2 and lipid oxidation products (LOPs), which serve as ozone messengers/signaling molecules and result in the biological and therapeutic effects from ozonation. These signaling
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Inherited causes of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in pediatric patients: clinical presentation and laboratory testing Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-06 Tatiana N. Yuzyuk, Heather A. Nelson, Lisa M. Johnson
Abstract Pediatric patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) have symptoms that include abdominal pain, weight loss or poor weight gain, malnutrition, and steatorrhea. This condition can be present at birth or develop during childhood for certain genetic disorders. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most prevalent disorder in which patients are screened for EPI; other disorders also are associated
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors as a potential new treatment for psoriatic disease and other inflammatory conditions Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Jehan Mohammad Nazri, Katerina Oikonomopoulou, Elvin D. de Araujo, Dziyana Kraskouskaya, Patrick T. Gunning, Vinod Chandran
Abstract Collectively known as psoriatic disease, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in which patients present with cutaneous and musculoskeletal inflammation. Affecting roughly 2–3% of the world’s total population, there remains unmet therapeutic needs in both psoriasis and PsA despite the availability of current immunomodulatory treatments. As a result
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Current status in cellular-based therapies for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Dima Hattab, Mumen F. A. Amer, Amirah Mohd Gazzali, Lay Hong Chuah, Athirah Bakhtiar
Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks that resulted in a catastrophic threat to global health, with more than 500 million cases detected and 5.5 million deaths worldwide. Patients with a COVID-19 infection presented with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms
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Progress in understanding primary glomerular disease: insights from urinary proteomics and in-depth analyses of potential biomarkers based on bioinformatics Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Lili Ge, Jianhua Liu, Baoxu Lin, Xiaosong Qin
Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health challenge. While primary glomerular disease (PGD) is one of the leading causes of CKD, the specific pathogenesis of PGD is still unclear. Accurate diagnosis relies largely on invasive renal biopsy, which carries risks of bleeding, pain, infection and kidney vein thrombosis. Problems with the biopsy procedure include lack of glomeruli
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Point of care blood glucose devices in the hospital setting Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-03 Nam K. Tran, Clayton LaValley, Berit Bagley, John Rodrigo
Abstract Dysglycemia is common among hospitalized patients. Accurate point-of-care (POC) glucose monitoring is necessary for the safe administration of insulin. Unfortunately, POC glucose meters are not all created equal. Interfering factors such as abnormal hematocrit, abnormal oxygen tension, and oxidizing/reducing substances can lead to inaccurate glucose measurements and result in inappropriate
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Laboratory testing for mitochondrial diseases: biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-24 Abraham J. Paredes-Fuentes, Clara Oliva, Roser Urreizti, Delia Yubero, Rafael Artuch
Abstract The currently available biomarkers generally lack the specificity and sensitivity needed for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with mitochondrial diseases (MDs). In this group of rare genetic disorders (mutations in approximately 350 genes associated with MDs), all clinical presentations, ages of disease onset and inheritance types are possible. Blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid
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Focus on the frontier issue: progress in noninvasive prenatal screening for fetal trisomy from clinical perspectives Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-16 Meng Tian, Lei Feng, Jinming Li, Rui Zhang
Abstract The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal blood and the rapid development of massively parallel sequencing have revolutionized prenatal testing from invasive to noninvasive. Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) based on cffDNA enables the detection of fetal trisomy through sequencing, comparison, and bioassays. Its accuracy is better than that of traditional screening methods
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Mapping of audiometric analysis with microbiological findings in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM): a neglected clinical manifestation Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-05 Shefali Dhingra, Dharam Vir, Jaimanti Bakshi, Praveen Rishi
Abstract Otitis media (OM) is an umbrella term for a number of conditions associated with middle ear inflammation. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), a type of OM, is characterized by long-term middle ear infection with perforated ear drum and otorrhea. The most common outcome associated with it is acquired hearing impairment in infected individuals which ultimately affects their cognitive and
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Diagnostic value of soluble biomarkers for parapneumonic pleural effusion Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-02 Xi-Shan Cao, Wen-Qi Zheng, Zhi-De Hu
Abstract Parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE) is a common complication in patients with pneumonia. Timely and accurate diagnosis of PPE is of great value for its management. Measurement of biomarkers in circulating and pleural fluid have the advantages of easy accessibility, short turn-around time, objectiveness and low cost and thus have utility for PPE diagnosis and stratification. To date, many
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Pathogenicity and virulence of human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) in oncogenesis: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-02 Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht, David J. Blackbourn, Arman Mosavat, Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
Abstract Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy of CD4+ T lymphocytes caused by human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. HTLV-1 was brought to the World Health Organization (WHO) and researchers to address its impact on global public health, oncogenicity, and deterioration of the host immune system toward autoimmunity. In a minority of the infected population
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Genotype-phenotype correlation in the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia-parkinsonian syndromes and advanced diagnostic approaches Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-12-12 Chiara Zecca, Rosanna Tortelli, Paola Carrera, Maria Teresa Dell’Abate, Giancarlo Logroscino, Maurizio Ferrari
Abstract The term frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized mainly by atrophy of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. Based on clinical presentation, three main clinical syndromes have traditionally been described: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), non-fluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfPPA), and semantic
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Metabolomics of asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap: an overview Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-24 Sanjukta Dasgupta, Nilanjana Ghosh, Parthasarathi Bhattacharyya, Sushmita Roy Chowdhury, Koel Chaudhury
Abstract The two common progressive lung diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Asthma-COPD overlap, referred to as ACO, is another complex pulmonary disease that manifests itself with features of both asthma and COPD. The disease has no clear diagnostic or therapeutic guidelines, thereby making both diagnosis
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Development of circulating microRNA-based biomarkers for medical decision-making: a friendly reminder of what should NOT be done Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-02 Päivi Lakkisto, Louise Torp Dalgaard, Thalia Belmonte, Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma, Yvan Devaux, David de Gonzalo-Calvo
Abstract Circulating cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a major reservoir for biomarker discovery. Unfortunately, their implementation in clinical practice is limited due to a profound lack of reproducibility. The great technical variability linked to major pre-analytical and analytical caveats makes the interpretation of circulating cell-free miRNA data challenging and leads to inconsistent findings
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Free thyroxine measurement in clinical practice: how to optimize indications, analytical procedures, and interpretation criteria while waiting for global standardization Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-13 Federica D’Aurizio, Jürgen Kratzsch, Damien Gruson, Petra Petranović Ovčariček, Luca Giovanella
Abstract Thyroid dysfunctions are among the most common endocrine disorders and accurate biochemical testing is needed to confirm or rule out a diagnosis. Notably, true hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in the setting of a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone level are highly unlikely, making the assessment of free thyroxine (FT4) inappropriate in most new cases. However, FT4 measurement is integral
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Methodological and conceptual challenges to the flow cytometric classification of leukemic lymphoproliferative disorders Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-06 Nadia Güell, Pablo Mozas, Alba Jimenez-Rueda, Milos Miljkovic, Jordi Juncà, Marc Sorigue
Abstract The diagnosis of leukemic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPDs) is made by integrating clinical, cytological, cytometric, cytogenetic, and molecular data. This leaves room for differences and inconsistencies between experts. In this study, we examine methodological and conceptual aspects of the flow cytometric classification of leukemic B-LPDs that could explain them. Among methodological
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Lean and Six Sigma as continuous quality improvement frameworks in the clinical diagnostic laboratory Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Vinita Thakur, Olatunji Anthony Akerele, Edward Randell
Abstract Processes to enhance customer-related services in healthcare organizations are complex and it can be difficult to achieve efficient patient-focused services. Laboratories make an integral part of the healthcare service industry where healthcare providers deal with critical patient results. Errors in these processes may cost a human life, create a negative impact on an organization’s reputation
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Laboratory biomarkers in the diagnosis and follow-up of treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 Sophie Steels, Marijke Proesmans, Xavier Bossuyt, Lieven Dupont, Glynis Frans
Abstract Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a severe inflammatory respiratory disease, is caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the colonization of the airways with Aspergillus fumigatus. It is most often described in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. The diagnosis of ABPA is based on a combination of clinical, radiological, and immunological findings that have been included
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DropWise: current role and future perspectives of dried blood spots (DBS), blood microsampling, and their analysis in sports drug testing Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-08-07 M. Thevis, Katja Walpurgis, A. Thomas
Abstract For decades, blood testing has been an integral part of routine doping controls. The breadth of information contained in blood samples has become considerably more accessible for anti-doping purposes over the last 10 years through technological advancements regarding analytical instrumentation as well as enhanced sample collection systems. Particularly, microsampling of whole blood and serum
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The therapeutic relevance of the Kallikrein-Kinin axis in SARS-cov-2-induced vascular pathology Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Dorsa Sohaei, Morley Hollenberg, Sok-Ja Janket, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Gennady Poda, Ioannis Prassas
Abstract While coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) begins as a respiratory infection, it progresses as a systemic disease involving multiorgan microthromboses that underly the pathology. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells via attachment to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is widely expressed in a multitude of tissues, including the lung (alveolar cells), heart, intestine, kidney
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Technical quality assurance and quality control for medical laboratories: a review and proposal of a new concept to obtain integrated and validated QA/QC plans Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-06-25 Huub H. van Rossum
Abstract Technical quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QA/QC) are important activities within medical laboratories to ensure the adequate quality of obtained test results. QA/QC tools available at medical laboratories include external QC and internal QC, patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) tools such as moving average quality control (MAQC), limit checks, delta checks, and multivariate
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The urocortin peptides: biological relevance and laboratory aspects of UCN3 and its receptor Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Norah J. Alghamdi, Christopher T. Burns, Roland Valdes Jr.
Abstract The urocortins are polypeptides belonging to the corticotropin-releasing hormone family, known to modulate stress responses in mammals. Stress, whether induced physically or psychologically, is an underlying cause or consequence of numerous clinical syndromes. Identifying biological markers associated with the homeostatic regulation of stress could provide a clinical laboratory approach for