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Decision with multiple alternatives: Geometric models in higher dimensions — the disk model J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Keivan Mallahi-Karai; Adele Diederich
This work is a continuation of Mallahi-Karai and Diederich (2019), where the authors introduced and studied the cube model as a multi-dimensional extension of the diffusion model in binary choice model. The aim of this note is to introduce and study the disk model, which can be viewed as a variation of the model introduced in the aforementioned paper. Here, we consider a choice situation with three
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Modeling combination of question order effect, response replicability effect, and QQ-equality with quantum instruments J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-12-26 Masanao Ozawa; Andrei Khrennikov
We continue to analyze basic constraints on the human decision making from the viewpoint of quantum measurement theory (QMT). As it has been found, the conventional QMT based on the projection postulate cannot account for the combination of the question order effect (QOE) and the response replicability effect (RRE). This was an alarming finding for quantum-like modeling of decision making. Recently
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Balancing control: A Bayesian interpretation of habitual and goal-directed behavior J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-12-13 Sarah Schwöbel; Dimitrije Marković; Michael N. Smolka; Stefan J. Kiebel
In everyday life, our behavior varies on a continuum from automatic and habitual to deliberate and goal-directed. Recent evidence suggests that habit formation and relearning of habits operate in a context-dependent manner: Habit formation is promoted when actions are performed in a specific context, while breaking off habits is facilitated after a context change. It is an open question how one can
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Vision automatically exerts online and offline influences on bimanual tactile spatial perception J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-12-13 Yash R. Wani; Silvia Convento; Jeffrey M. Yau
Vision and touch interact in spatial perception. How vision exerts online influences on tactile spatial perception is well-appreciated, but far less is known regarding how recent visual experiences modulate tactile perception offline, particularly in a bimanual context. Here, we investigated how visual cues exert both online and offline biases in bimanual tactile spatial perception. In a series of
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Bayesian model selection in the M-open setting — Approximate posterior inference and subsampling for efficient large-scale leave-one-out cross-validation via the difference estimator J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Riko Kelter
Comparison of competing statistical models is an essential part of psychological research. From a Bayesian perspective, various approaches to model comparison and selection have been proposed in the literature. However, the applicability of these approaches depends on the assumptions about the model space M. Also, traditional methods like leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) estimate the expected
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Hierarchical paired comparison modeling, a cultural consensus theory approach J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Pele Schramm; William H. Batchelder
We introduce a set of models designed to analyze datasets involving responses from multiple subjects on pairwise comparisons from a fixed discrete set of alternatives. These models are part of a greater body of work known as Cultural Consensus Theory (CCT). Like other CCT models, these simultaneously infer each individual’s tendency toward aligning with the group consensus, level of agreement on each
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A note on equally spaced categories as an optimization problem J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Jingyi Meng; Christian Seidl
For testing categorical scaling, psychologists ordered subjects to consider the categories as equally spaced. This need not be mandated. This note shows that equally spaced categories will naturally emerge whenever subjects aim at providing maximum or equal information to the experimenter.
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Measuring components of the memory of order J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-11-28 Richard A. Chechile; Giulia I. Pintea
An experienced event has many distinctively different qualitative attributes. Besides the informational content, such as which word was presented on an experimental list at a specific temporal instant, there is also information about the ordinal properties of the event relative to other events. A multinomial processing tree (MPT) model is provided for measuring four different states for the memory
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Visual intensity-dependent response latencies predict perceived audio–visual simultaneity J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Ryan Horsfall; Sophie Wuerger; Georg Meyer
To form a coherent presentation of the world, the brain needs to combine multiple sensory modalities accurately together in the temporal domain. Judgements on the relative timing of audio–visual stimuli are complex, due to the differing propagation speeds of light and sound through the environment and the nervous system, and the dependence of processing latencies on stimulus intensity (Piéron, 1913)
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Active inference on discrete state-spaces: A synthesis J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 Lancelot Da Costa; Thomas Parr; Noor Sajid; Sebastijan Veselic; Victorita Neacsu; Karl Friston
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Tutorial: “With sufficient increases in X, more people will engage in the target behavior” J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Michel Regenwetter
Psychological theory should guide the method. A method should not dictate theory. Extraneous assumptions entering psychological theories through the backdoor of a method may differentially affect the analysis of different data sets. This introduces noise and jeopardizes successful replication of valid theoretical claims. Auxiliary theoretical assumptions can also bias substantive conclusions (including
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A study of individual differences in categorization with redundancy J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Farzin Shamloo; Sébastien Hélie
Humans and other animals are constantly learning new categories and making categorization decisions in their everyday life. However, different individuals may focus on different information when learning categories, which can impact the category representation and the information that is used when making categorization decisions. This article used computational modeling of behavioral data to take a
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A model of discrete choice based on reinforcement learning under short-term memory J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 Misha Perepelitsa
A family of models of individual discrete choice are constructed by means of statistical averaging of choices made by a subject in a reinforcement learning process, where the subject has a short, k-term memory span. The choice probabilities in these models combine in a non-trivial, non-linear way the initial learning bias and the experience gained through learning. The properties of such models are
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Geometric purity, kinematic scaling and dynamic optimality in drawing movements beyond ellipses J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Adam Matic; Alex Gomez-Marin
Drawing movements have been shown to comply with a power law constraining local curvature and instantaneous speed. In particular, ellipses have been extensively studied, enjoying a 2/3 exponent. While the origin of such a non-trivial relationship remains debated, it has been proposed to be an outcome of the least action principle whereby mechanical work is minimized along 2/3 power law trajectories
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Revealing multisensory benefit with diffusion modeling J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Carolyn A. Murray; E. Sebastian Lelo de Larrea-Mancera; Arit Glicksohn; Ladan Shams; Aaron R. Seitz
Multisensory information can benefit perceptual, memory, and decision-making processes. These benefits commonly manifest in superior detection and discrimination of multisensory stimuli, as well as improved perception and subsequent memory of unisensory representation of an object previously encoded in a multisensory context. However, the vast majority of studies to date analyze accuracy, sensitivity
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Bayesian hypothesis testing for Gaussian graphical models: Conditional independence and order constraints J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 Donald R. Williams; Joris Mulder
Gaussian graphical models (GGM; partial correlation networks) have become increasingly popular in the social and behavioral sciences for studying conditional (in)dependencies between variables. In this work, we introduce exploratory and confirmatory Bayesian tests for partial correlations. For the former, we first extend the customary GGM formulation that focuses on conditional dependence to also consider
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On the necessary and sufficient conditions for delineating forward- and backward-graded knowledge structures from skill maps J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Andrea Spoto; Luca Stefanutti
In recent years two classes of knowledge structures received particular attention. They are, respectively, forward-graded and backward-graded knowledge structures. Their importance is related to the fact that the basic local independence model applied to such structures turns out to be locally unidentifiable. Spoto et al. (2012) established some sufficient conditions for a skill multimap to delineate
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Audiovisual integration in depth: Modeling the effect of distance and stimulus effectiveness using the TWIN model J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-09-19 Nathan Van der Stoep, Hans Colonius, Jean-Paul Noel, Mark T. Wallace, Adele Diederich
Integrating information across our various sensory modalities results in striking behavioral benefits. This integration depends on a variety of factors, among which are the effectiveness of the stimuli and the relative timing between them. Both of these factors physically vary as a function of the distance between stimuli and the observer: intensity decreases as a function of distance for both auditory
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A hyper-relation characterization of weak pseudo-rationalizability J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 Rush T. Stewart
I provide a characterization of weakly pseudo-rationalizable choice functions – that is, choice functions rationalizable by a set of acyclic relations – in terms of hyper-relations satisfying certain properties. For those hyper-relations Nehring calls extended preference relations, the central characterizing condition is weaker than (hyper-relation) transitivity but stronger than (hyper-relation) acyclicity
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Decision-time statistics of nonlinear diffusion models: Characterizing long sequences of subsequent trials J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-09-12 Sebastian Vellmer, Benjamin Lindner
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Modeling misconceptions in knowledge space theory J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Luca Stefanutti, Debora de Chiusole, Matthias Gondan, Alice Maurer
Building intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) that are aware of the students’ misconceptions has been one of the ambitions for many of the approaches to computerized assessment of knowledge and learning. In the present article we extend knowledge space theory (KST) to mistakes and misconceptions. The proposed approach completes and extends the work initiated by J. Lukas (1997, Modellierung von Fehlkonzepten
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Cross-sensory inhibition or unisensory facilitation: A potential neural architecture of modality switch effects J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Cristiano Cuppini, Mauro Ursino, Elisa Magosso, Michael J. Crosse, John J. Foxe, Sophie Molholm
In a simple reaction time task in which auditory and visual stimuli are presented in random sequence alone (A or V) or together (AV), there is a so-called reaction time (RT) cost on trials in which sensory modality switches (A→V) compared to when it repeats (A→A). This is always true for unisensory trials, whereas RTs to AV stimuli preceded by unisensory stimuli are statistically comparable with the
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Hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation for cumulative prospect theory J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-08-22 Håkan Nilsson, Jörg Rieskamp, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Nilsson, Rieskamp, and Wagenmakers (2011) implemented a hierarchical Bayesian estimation procedure for cumulative prospect theory (CPT; Tversky and Kahneman (1992)). Nilsson et al. used a simplified version of CPT that holds for choice options with mixed outcomes, that is, one positive and one negative payoff. However, for choice options with only gains or only losses, the model specification does
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A Multinomial Processing Tree inferred from age-related memory-error probabilities: Possibility of inferring more if response times were available J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 Richard Schweickert, Pritha Dhir, Xiaofang Zheng, Marie Poirier
Use of Multinomial Processing Tree (MPT) models is illustrated by fitting one to data of Dhir (2017). Her experiment examined age and association type in a paired-associate recall task. Age and Pair-Type had interactive effects on probability of a correct response. A natural interpretation of the interaction would be that both factors impact the same mental process. However, fitting an MPT leads to
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A Note on Decomposition of Sources of Variability in Perceptual Decision-making. J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-08-10 Inhan Kang,Roger Ratcliff,Chelsea Voskuilen
Information processing underlying human perceptual decision-making is inherently noisy and identifying sources of this noise is important to understand processing. Ratcliff, Voskuilen, and McKoon (2018) examined results from five experiments using a double-pass procedure in which stimuli were repeated typically a hundred trials later. Greater than chance agreement between repeated tests provided evidence
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Parameter estimation approaches for multinomial processing tree models: A comparison for models of memory and judgment J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Julia Groß, Thorsten Pachur
Multinomial processing tree (MPT) models are commonly used in cognitive psychology to disentangle and measure the psychological processes underlying behavior. Various estimation approaches have been developed to estimate the parameters of MPT models for a group of participants. These approaches are implemented in various programs (e.g., MPTinR, TreeBUGS) and differ with regard to how data are pooled
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A note on the separability of items in knowledge structures delineated by skill multimaps J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-07-27 Xun Ge, Jinjin Li
This paper introduces the bi-separability of items in knowledge structures as a bidirectional separability of items. Let (Q,K) be the knowledge structure delineated by the skill multimap (Q,S,μ). This paper gives some necessary and sufficient conditions, expressed in terms of competencies of μ, ensuring that (Q,K) is discriminative (resp. bi-discriminative), which generalizes the discussion of the
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Regularized models of audiovisual integration of speech with predictive power for sparse behavioral data J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-07-25 Tobias S. Andersen, Ole Winther
Audiovisual integration can facilitate speech comprehension by integrating information from lip-reading with auditory speech perception. When incongruent acoustic speech is dubbed onto a video of a talking face, this integration can lead to the McGurk illusion of hearing a different phoneme than that spoken by the voice. Several computational models of the information integration process underlying
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When to stop — A cardinal secretary search experiment J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 Andrej Angelovski, Werner Güth
The cardinal secretary search problem confronts the decision maker with more or less candidates who have identically and independently distributed values and appear successively in a random order without recall of earlier candidates. Its benchmark solution implies monotonically decreasing sequences of optimal value aspirations (acceptance thresholds) for any number of remaining candidates. We compare
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Beating the average forecast: Regularization based on forecaster attributes J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Edgar C. Merkle, Geoff Saw, Clintin Davis-Stober
In a variety of real-world forecasting contexts, researchers have demonstrated that the unweighted average forecast is reasonably accurate and difficult to improve upon with more complex, model-based aggregation methods. We investigate this phenomenon by systematically examining the relationship between individual forecaster characteristics (e.g., bias, consistency) and aspects of the criterion being
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On the functional forms in a psychophysical law of similarity under a subtractive representation J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Christopher W. Doble, Yung-Fong Hsu
Writing ξs(x) for the stimulus intensity judged greater (louder, heavier, brighter) than stimulus intensity x with criterion s, Iverson (2006b) proposed a law of similarity ξs(λx)=γ(λ,s)ξη(λ,s)(x) to model the dependence of ξs(x) on x. This model, which has η(λ,s) and γ(λ,s) as parameters, is quite general and may be applied in a number of situations in psychophysics. Iverson (2006b) analyzed this
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Applications of the bias–variance decomposition to human forecasting J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 Patrick Bodilly Kane, Stephen B. Broomell
Forecasts are generated by both human experts and statistical models, and their forecast accuracy can be understood using error decompositions. However, the assumptions that underlie decompositions used in the analysis of human error differ substantially from those used in the analysis of models. The lens model, one of the most popular error decompositions for human errors, treats the beliefs of the
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Developing memory-based models of ACT-R within a statistical framework J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 Christopher R. Fisher, Joseph W. Houpt, Glenn Gunzelmann
The ACT-R cognitive architecture is a computational framework for developing, simulating and testing comprehensive theories of cognition. By far, the most common method of evaluating ACT-R models involves generating predictions through Monte Carlo simulation and comparing those predictions to aggregated human data. This approach has several limitations, including computational inefficiency, the potential
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Do items order? The psychology in IRT models J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-06-20 Julia M. Haaf, Edgar C. Merkle, Jeffrey N. Rouder
Invariant item ordering refers to the statement that if one item is harder than another for one person, then it is harder for all people. Whether item ordering holds is a psychological statement because it describes how people may qualitatively vary. Yet, modern item response theory (IRT) makes an a priori commitment to item ordering. The Rasch model, for example, posits that items must order. Conversely
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Parameter validation in hierarchical MPT models by functional dissociation with continuous covariates: An application to contingency inference J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Franziska M. Bott, Daniel W. Heck, Thorsten Meiser
In traditional multinomial processing tree (MPT) models for aggregate frequency data, parameters have usually been validated by means of experimental manipulations, thereby testing selective effects of discrete independent variables on specific model parameters. More recently, hierarchical MPT models which account for parameter heterogeneity between participants have been introduced. These models offer
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A transdisciplinary view of measurement error models and the variations of X=T+E J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 Edward Kroc, Bruno D. Zumbo
The purpose of this paper is to formally outline a sequence of propositions that describe the connections between five linearly additive measurement error models commonly used in disciplines from psychometrics and test theory to economics to epidemiology, and one new model formerly proposed in Kroc & Zumbo (2018). We show that although these models are deceptively similar in their general algebraic
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A one-line proof for complementary symmetry J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-06-03 Peter P. Wakker
Complementary symmetry was derived before under particular theories, and used to test those. Progressively general results were published. This paper proves the condition in full generality, providing a one-line proof, and shedding new light on its empirical implications.
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Assessing cross-modal interference in the detection response task J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Alexander Thorpe, Reilly Innes, James Townsend, Rachel Heath, Keith Nesbitt, Ami Eidels
The detection response task (DRT) is a measure of workload that can assess the cognitive demands of real-world multitasking. It can be configured to present simple stimuli of several modalities, including auditory and visual signals. However, the concurrent presentation of the DRT stimuli alongside another task could cause dual-task interference, and the extent of this interference could be different
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A comparison of correlation and regression approaches for multinomial processing tree models J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Lisa J. Jobst, Daniel W. Heck, Morten Moshagen
Multinomial processing tree (MPT) models are a class of stochastic models for categorical data that have recently been extended to account for heterogeneity in individuals by assuming separate parameters per participant. These extensions enable the estimation of correlations among model parameters and correlations between model parameters and external covariates. The present study compares different
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Hierarchical multinomial modeling to explain individual differences in children’s clustering in free recall J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-05-28 Martha Michalkiewicz, Sebastian S. Horn, Ute J. Bayen
The measurement of individual differences in cognitive processes and the advancement of multinomial processing tree (MPT) models were two of William H. Batchelder’s major research interests. Inspired by his work, we investigated developmental differences between 7-year-old children, 10-year-old children, and young adults, in free recall with the pair-clustering model by Batchelder and Riefer (1980
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On the validity of perceived social structure J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 Francis Lee, Carter T. Butts
The validity of survey-based reports of social relationships is a critical assumption for much social network research. Research on informant accuracy has shown that observational data and recalled behavior by informants are imperfectly correlated, which calls into question whether complex relations like friendship and advice-seeking can be accurately measured from individual reports. A class of network
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A joint process model of consensus and longitudinal dynamics J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 Zita Oravecz, Joachim Vandekerckhove
The Extended Condorcet Model allows us to explore interindividual consensus concerning culturally held knowledge. Also, it enables a process-level description of interindividual differences in the knowledge a person has of the consensus, their willingness to guess in the absence of knowledge, and their bias in guessing. These person-specific characteristics might be tied to one’s everyday life experiences
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Cultural Consensus Theory for the evaluation of patients’ mental health scores in forensic psychiatric hospitals J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 Don van den Bergh, Stefan Bogaerts, Marinus Spreen, Rob Flohr, Joachim Vandekerckhove, William H. Batchelder, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
In many forensic psychiatric hospitals, patients’ mental health is monitored at regular intervals. Typically, clinicians score patients using a Likert scale on multiple criteria including hostility. Having an overview of patients’ scores benefits staff members in at least three ways. First, the scores may help adjust treatment to the individual patient; second, the change in scores over time allows
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Mean field dynamics of stochastic cellular automata for random and small-world graphs J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 Lourens Waldorp, Jolanda Kossakowski
We aim to provide a theoretical framework to explain the discrete transitions of mood connecting ideas from network theory and dynamical systems theory. It was recently shown how networks (graphs) can be used to represent psychopathologies, where symptoms of, say, depression, affect each other and certain configurations determine whether someone could transition into a depression. To analyse changes
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Consensus theory for multiple latent traits and consensus groups J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 André Aßfalg, Karl Christoph Klauer
We consider a situation in which a group of respondents answers a set of questions and the aim is to identify any consensus among the respondents—that is, shared attitudes, beliefs, or knowledge. Consensus theory postulates that a latent trait determines the respondents’ probability to produce the consensus response. We propose a new version of the variable-response model, which implements consensus
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Mathematical regularities of data from the property listing task J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Enrique Canessa, Sergio E. Chaigneau
To study linguistically coded concepts, researchers often resort to the Property Listing Task (PLT). In a PLT, participants are asked to list properties that describe a concept (e.g., for DOG, subjects may list “is a pet”, “has four legs”, etc.), which are then coded into property types (i.e., superficially dissimilar properties such as “has four legs” and “is a quadruped” may be coded as “four legs”)
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Dissecting EXIT J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Samuel Paskewitz, Matt Jones
Kruschke’s EXIT model (Kruschke, 2001b) has been very successful in explaining a variety of learning phenomena by means of selective attention. In particular, EXIT produces learned predictiveness effects (Le Pelley and McLaren, 2003), the inverse base rate effect (Kruschke, 1996; Medin and Edelson, 1988), inattention after blocking (Beesley and Le Pelley, 2011; Kruschke and Blair, 2000), differential
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State-trace analysis — Misrepresented and misunderstood: Reply to Ashby (2019) J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 Rachel G. Stephens, Dora Matzke, Brett K. Hayes
Stephens, Matzke, and Hayes (SMH; 2019) used state-trace analysis to re-analyze databases of studies of reasoning and category learning. They found that many behavioral dissociations that had been viewed as support for distinct cognitive processes (or systems) were consistent with the operation of only one latent psychological variable. Ashby (2019) discussed several concerns about the application
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Selecting amongst multinomial models: An apologia for normalized maximum likelihood J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 David Kellen, Karl Christoph Klauer
The modeling of multinomial data has seen tremendous progress since Riefer and Batchelder’s (1988) seminal paper. One recurring challenge, however, concerns the availability of relative performance measures that strike an ideal balance between goodness of fit and functional flexibility. One approach to the problem of model selection is Normalized Maximum Likelihood (NML), a solution derived from the
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How many decimals? Rounding descriptive and inferential statistics based on measurement precision J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-24 Denis Cousineau
Reporting descriptive statistics requires rounding the results. Experienced researchers typically round the numbers to one or two decimals, following the APA manual. However, this general recommendation ignores the sample size and the instrument’s precision. Herein, expressions are derived that indicate how many decimals are reliable and so at what point the results should be rounded. The derivations
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Can the wrong horse win: The ability of race models to predict fast or slow errors J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-24 James T. Townsend, Yanjun Liu
This report continues our probe of the fundamental properties of elementary psychological processes. In the present instance, we first distinguish between descriptive and state–space based parallel race models. Then we show, engaging previous results on stochastic dominance in Theorem 1, that descriptive race models can be designed that predict either faster ‘right’ channels or faster ‘wrong’ channels
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Adding a bias to vector models of association memory provides item memory for free J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-21 Jeremy B. Caplan, Kaiyuan Xu, Sucheta Chakravarty, Kelvin E. Jones
Anderson (1970) introduced two models that are at the core of artificial neural network models as well as cognitive mathematical models of memory. The first, a simple summation of items, represented as vectors, can support rudimentary item-recognition. The second, a heteroassociative model consisting of a summation of outer products between paired item vectors, can support cued recall of associations
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Category-based induction in conceptual spaces J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-18 Matías Osta-Vélez, Peter Gärdenfors
Category-based induction is an inferential mechanism that uses knowledge of conceptual relations in order to estimate how likely is for a property to be projected from one category to another. During the last decades, psychologists have identified several features of this mechanism, and they have proposed different formal models of it. In this article; we propose a new mathematical model for category-based
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New estimation approaches for the hierarchical Linear Ballistic Accumulator model J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-17 D. Gunawan, G.E. Hawkins, M.-N. Tran, R. Kohn, S.D. Brown
The Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA: Brown and Heathcote, 2008) model is used as a measurement tool to answer questions about applied psychology. The analyses based on this model depend upon the model selected and its estimated parameters. Modern approaches use hierarchical Bayesian models and Markov chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) methods to estimate the posterior distribution of the parameters. Although
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When your gain is also my gain. A class of strategic models with other-regarding agents J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-17 A.M. Mármol, A. Zapata, L. Monroy, M.A. Caraballo
This paper explores the role of social preferences in a competitive framework. More precisely, we study other-regarding strategic models where agents show Rawlsian preferences and, therefore, they care about the best interest of the worst-off agent. The representation of preferences proposed is the most appropriate when the utilities of the agents are vector-valued and their components are not compensable
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Deep active inference as variational policy gradients J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-13 Beren Millidge
Active Inference is a theory arising from theoretical neuroscience which casts action and planning as Bayesian inference problems to be solved by minimizing a single quantity — the variational free energy. The theory promises a unifying account of action and perception coupled with a biologically plausible process theory. However, despite these potential advantages, current implementations of Active
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A bi-preference interplay between transitivity and completeness: Reformulating and extending Schmeidler’s theorem J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-13 Alfio Giarlotta, Stephen Watson
Consumers’ preferences and choices are traditionally described by appealing to two classical tenets of rationality: transitivity and completeness. In 1971, Schmeidler proved a striking result on the interplay between these properties: On a connected topological space, a nontrivial bi-semicontinuous preorder is complete. Here we reformulate and extend this well-known theorem. First, we show that the
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Assessing multisensory integration and estimating speed of processing with the dual-presentation timing task: Model and data J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-11 Miguel A. García-Pérez, Rocío Alcalá-Quintana
Our ability to detect temporal asynchrony is sometimes an obstacle to multisensory integration. A seamless multisensory experience occurs when the temporal misalignment of two signals is within the allowance for subjective synchrony, referred to as the temporal window of integration (TWI). The TWI is most commonly measured with the temporal-order judgment task or the synchrony judgment task, which
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The role of context in experiments and models of multisensory decision making J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-10 Yue Liu, Thomas U. Otto
The availability of signals from multiple senses is often beneficial for perceptual decisions. To study such benefits, models of multisensory decision-making are typically fed with the behavioural performance as measured separately with unisensory component signals. Critically, by doing so, the approach implicitly makes the so-called context invariance assumption, which states that processing of a
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On the structure of ordered latent trait models J. Math. Psychol. (IF 2.635) Pub Date : 2020-04-07 Gerhard Tutz
Ordered item response models that are in common use can be divided into three groups, cumulative, sequential and adjacent categories model. The derivation and motivation of the models is typically based on the assumed presence of latent traits or underlying process models. In the construction frequently binary models play an important role. The objective of this paper is to give motivations for the
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