We consider the spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation for inelastic hard-spheres, with constant restitution coefficient $ \alpha\in(0,1) $, under the thermalization induced by a host medium with fixed $ e\in(0,1] $ and a fixed Maxwellian distribution. When the restitution coefficient $ \alpha $ is close to 1 we prove existence and uniqueness of global solutions considering the close-to-equilibrium

The transition from a microscopic model for the movement of many particles to a macroscopic continuum model for a density flow is studied. The microscopic model for the free flow is completely deterministic, described by an interaction potential that leads to a coherent motion where all particles move in the same direction with the same speed known as a flock. Interaction of the flock with boundaries

As a first step towards the general global-in-time stability for the Boltzmann equation with soft potentials, in the present work, we prove the quantitative lower bounds for the equation under the following two assumptions, which stem from the available energy estimates, i.e. (ⅰ). the hydrodynamic quantities (local mass, local energy, and local entropy density) are bounded (from below or from above)

The spectrum structure of the linearized Boltzmann operator has been a subject of interest for over fifty years and has been inspected in the space $ L^2\left( {\mathbb R}^d, \exp(|v|^2/4)\right) $ by B. Nicolaenko [27] in the case of hard spheres, then generalized to hard and Maxwellian potentials by R. Ellis and M. Pinsky [13], and S. Ukai proved the existence of a spectral gap for large frequencies

In this work, we provide a result on the derivation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes-Fourier system from the Landau equation for hard, Maxwellian and moderately soft potentials. To this end, we first investigate the Cauchy theory associated to the rescaled Landau equation for small initial data. Our approach is based on proving estimates of some adapted Sobolev norms of the solution that are uniform

Systems of Vlasov-Poisson type are kinetic models describing dilute plasma. The structure of the model differs according to whether it describes the electrons or positively charged ions in the plasma. In contrast to the electron case, where the well-posedness theory for Vlasov-Poisson systems is well established, the well-posedness theory for ion models has been investigated more recently. In this

A typical graphene heterojunction device can be divided into two classical zones, where the transport is basically diffusive, separated by a "quantum active region" (e.g., a locally gated region), where the charge carriers are scattered according to the laws of quantum mechanics. In this paper we derive a mathematical model of such a device, where the classical regions are described by drift-diffusion

We present a mean-field limit of the particle swarmalator model introduced in [46] with singular communication weights. For a mean-field limit, we employ a probabilistic approach for the propagation of molecular chaos and suitable cut-offs in singular terms, which results in the validation of the mean-field limit. We also provide a local-in-time well-posedness of strong and weak solutions to the derived

The invariant group transformations of three-dimensional hydrodynamic equations derived from the Boltzmann equation are studied. Three levels (with respect to the Knudsen number) of hydrodynamic description are considered and compared: (a) Euler equations, (b) Navier-Stokes equations, (c) Generalized Burnett equations (GBEs), which replace the original (ill-posed) Burnett equations. The main attention

In this paper, we consider the kinetic model of continuous type describing a polyatomic gas in two different settings corresponding to a different choice of the functional space used to define macroscopic quantities. Such a model introduces a single continuous variable supposed to capture all the phenomena related to the more complex structure of a polyatomic molecule. In particular, we provide a direct

We consider a model of cultural evolution for a strategy selection in a population of individuals who interact in a game theoretic framework. The evolution combines individual learning of the environment (population strategy profile), reproduction, proportional to the success of the acquired knowledge, and social transmission of the knowledge to the next generation. A mean-field type equation is derived

This work concerns the existence of solution of the kinetic spinor Boltzmann equation as well as the asymptotic behavior of such solution when $ \varepsilon \to 0 $, that is when the time relaxation of the spin-flip collisions is very small in comparison to the time relaxation parameter of the collisions with no spin reversal. Due to the lack of regularity of the weak solution, the switching term $

Tendon injuries present a clinical challenge to modern medicine as they heal slowly and rarely is there full restoration to healthy tendon structure and mechanical strength. Moreover, the process of healing is not fully elucidated. To improve understanding of tendon function and the healing process, we propose a new model of collagen fibres rearrangement during tendon healing. The model consists of

Motivated by a similar approach for Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, this paper proposes an extended "shadow" Lagrangian density for quantum states of superfluids. The extended Lagrangian contains an additional field variable that is forced to follow the wave function of the quantum state through a rapidly oscillating extended harmonic oscillator. By considering the adiabatic limit for large frequencies

We study emergent collective behaviors of a thermodynamic Cucker-Smale (TCS) ensemble on complete smooth Riemannian manifolds. For this, we extend the TCS model on the Euclidean space to a complete smooth Riemannian manifold by adopting the work [30] for a CS ensemble, and provide a sufficient framework to achieve velocity alignment and thermal equilibrium. Compared to the model proposed in [30], our

In this paper, we apply projective integration methods to hyperbolic moment models of the Boltzmann equation and the BGK equation, and investigate the numerical properties of the resulting scheme. Projective integration is an explicit scheme that is tailored to problems with large spectral gaps between slow and (one or many) fast eigenvalue clusters of the model. The spectral analysis of a linearized

In this article, the existence of mass-conserving solutions is investigated to the continuous coagulation and collisional breakage equation with singular collision kernels. Here, the probability distribution function attains singularity near the origin. The existence result is constructed by using both conservative and non-conservative truncations to the continuous coagulation and collisional breakage

Alternative proofs for the superadditivity and the affinity (in the large system limit) of the usual and some fractional Fisher informations of a probability density of many variables are provided. They are consequences of the fact that such informations can be interpreted as quantum kinetic energies.

Measure Differential Equations (MDE) describe the evolution of probability measures driven by probability velocity fields, i.e. probability measures on the tangent bundle. They are, on one side, a measure-theoretic generalization of ordinary differential equations; on the other side, they allow to describe concentration and diffusion phenomena typical of kinetic equations. In this paper, we analyze

In this work we propose a kinetic formulation for evolutionary game theory for zero sum games when the agents use mixed strategies. We start with a simple adaptive rule, where after an encounter each agent increases by a small amount $ h $ the probability of playing the successful pure strategy used in the match. We derive the Boltzmann equation which describes the macroscopic effects of this microscopical

The mathematical description of the interaction between a collisional plasma and an absorbing wall is a challenging issue. In this paper, we propose to model this interaction by considering a stationary bi-species Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann boundary value problem with boundary conditions that are consistent with the physics. In particular, we show that the wall potential can be uniquely determined from

This paper is concerned with the Navier-Stokes limit of a class of globally hyperbolic moment equations from the Boltzmann equation. we show that the Navier-Stokes equations can be formally derived from the hyperbolic moment equations for various different collision mechanisms. Furthermore, the formal limit is justified rigorously by using an energy method. It should be noted that the hyperbolic moment

The goal of the current paper is to provide assumptions under which the limiting probability of the granular media equation is known when there are several stable states. Indeed, it has been proved in our previous works [17,18] that there is convergence. However, very few is known about the limiting probability, even with a small diffusion coefficient.

In the present paper, we study the diffusion limit of the classical solution to the unipolar Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann (VPB) system with initial data near a global Maxwellian. We prove the convergence and establish the convergence rate of the global strong solution to the unipolar VPB system towards the solution to an incompressible Navier-Stokes-Poisson-Fourier system based on the spectral analysis

We address the existence of stationary solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system on a domain $ \Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^3 $ describing a high-temperature plasma which due to the influence of an external magnetic field is spatially confined to a subregion of $ \Omega $. In a first part we provide such an existence result for a generalized system of Vlasov-Poisson type and investigate the relation between

We study the rate of convergence to equilibrium for a collisionless (Knudsen) gas enclosed in a vessel in dimension $ n \in \{2,3\} $. By semigroup arguments, we prove that in the $ L^1 $ norm, the polynomial rate of convergence $ \frac{1}{(t+1)^{n-}} $ given in [25], [17] and [18] can be extended to any $ C^2 $ domain, with standard assumptions on the initial data. This is to our knowledge, the first

In this paper, we develop a new strategy aimed at obtaining high-order asymptotic models for transport equations with highly-oscillatory solutions. The technique relies upon recent developments averaging theory for ordinary differential equations, in particular normal form expansions in the vanishing parameter. Noteworthy, the result we state here also allows for the complete recovery of the exact

The time evolution of a collisionless plasma is modeled by the relativistic Vlasov–Maxwell system which couples the Vlasov equation (the transport equation) with the Maxwell equations of electrodynamics. In this work, the setting is two and one-half dimensional, that is, the distribution functions of the particles species are independent of the third space dimension. We consider the case that the plasma

Entropic property of the Ellipsoidal Statistical model with the Prandtl number Pr below 2/3 is discussed. Although 2/3 is the lower bound of Pr for the H theorem to hold unconditionally, it is shown that the theorem still holds even for $ \mathrm{Pr}<2/3 $, provided that anisotropy of stress tensor satisfies a certain criterion. The practical tolerance of that criterion is assessed numerically by the

This article is concerned with the existence of a weak solution to the initial boundary problem for a cross-diffusion system which arises in the study of two cell population growth. The mathematical challenge is due to the fact that the coefficient matrix is non-symmetric and degenerate in the sense that its determinant is $ 0 $. The existence assertion is established by exploring the fact that the

In this paper, we establish derivative estimates for the Vlasov-Poisson system with screening interactions around Penrose-stable equilibria on the phase space $ {\mbox{Re }}^d_x\times {\mbox{Re }}_v^d $, with dimension $ d\ge 3 $. In particular, we establish the optimal decay estimates for higher derivatives of the density of the perturbed system, precisely like the free transport, up to a log correction

In this article an anisotropic interaction model avoiding collisions is proposed. Starting point is a general isotropic interacting particle system, as used for swarming or follower-leader dynamics. An anisotropy is induced by rotation of the force vector resulting from the interaction of two agents. In this way the anisotropy is leading to a smooth evasion behaviour. In fact, the proposed model generalizes

This work aims to develop and test a projection technique for the construction of closing equations of moment systems. One possibility to define such a closure consists in reconstructing an underlying kinetic distribution from a vector of moments, then expressing the closure based on this reconstructed function.Exploiting the geometry of the realizability domain, i.e. the set of moments of positive

A new kinetic model for the dynamics of myxobacteria colonies on flat surfaces is derived formally, and first analytical and numerical results are presented. The model is based on the assumption of hard binary collisions of two different types: alignment and reversal. We investigate two different versions: a) realistic rod-shaped bacteria and b) artificial circular shaped bacteria called Maxwellian

We propose a BGK model of the quantum Boltzmann equation for gas mixtures. We also provide a sufficient condition that guarantees the existence of equilibrium coefficients so that the model shares the same conservation laws and $ H $-theorem with the quantum Boltzmann equation. Unlike the classical BGK for gas mixtures, the equilibrium coefficients of the local equilibriums for quantum multi-species

We propose an ODE-based derivation for a generalized class of opinion formation models either for single and multiple species (followers, leaders, trolls). The approach is purely deterministic and the evolution of the single opinion is determined by the competition between two mechanisms: the opinion diffusion and the compromise process. Such deterministic approach allows to recover in the limit an

A particular 2x2 hyperbolic system commonly used in the context of gas-solid chromatography is reformulated as a single kinetic equation using an additional kinetic variable. A kinetic numerical scheme is built from this new formulation and its behavior is tested on solving the Riemann problem in different configurations leading to single or composite waves.

In this paper, we present quantitative local sensitivity estimates for the kinetic chemotaxis Cucker-Smale(CCS) equation with random inputs. In the absence of random inputs, the kinetic CCS model exhibits velocity alignment under suitable structural assumptions on the turning kernel and reaction term despite of the random effect due to a turning operator. We provide a global existence of a regular

If the Vlasov-Poisson or Einstein-Vlasov system is linearized about an isotropic steady state, a linear operator arises the properties of which are relevant in the linear as well as nonlinear stability analysis of the given steady state. We prove that when defined on a suitable Hilbert space and equipped with the proper domain of definition this transport operator $ {\mathcal T} $ is skew-adjoint,

We consider the Cauchy problem of the nonlinear Landau equation of Maxwellian molecules, under the perturbation frame work to global equilibrium. We show that if $ H^r_x(L^2_v), r >3/2 $ norm of the initial perturbation is small enough, then the Cauchy problem of the nonlinear Landau equation admits a unique global solution which becomes analytic with respect to both position $ x $ and velocity $ v

We study the emergent behavior of discrete-time approximation of the finite-dimensional Kuramoto model. Compared to Zhang and Zhu's recent work in [38], we do not rely on the consistency of one-step foward Euler scheme but analyze the discrete model directly to obtain sharper and more explicit result. More precisely, we present the optimal condition for the convergence and order preserving for identical

The aim of the article is to study the stability of a non-local kinetic model proposed in [17], that is a kinetic model for cell migration taking into account the non-local sensing performed by a cell in order to decide its direction and speed of movement. We show that pattern formation results from modulation of one non-dimensional parameter that depends on the tumbling frequency, the sensing radius

In this work we consider the Cauchy problem for the spatially inhomogeneous non-cutoff Boltzmann equation. For any given solution belonging to weighted Sobolev space, we will show it enjoys at positive time the Gelfand-Shilov smoothing effect for the velocity variable and Gevrey regularizing properties for the spatial variable. This improves the result of Lerner-Morimoto-Pravda-Starov-Xu [J. Funct

We investigate the global existence of weak solutions to a free boundary problem governing the evolution of finitely extensible bead-spring chains in dilute polymers. The free boundary in the present context is defined with regard to a density threshold of $ \rho = 1, $ below which the fluid is modeled as compressible and above which the fluid is modeled as incompressible. The present article focuses

We study time-asymptotic interplay between time-delayed communication and Cucker-Smale (C-S) velocity alignment. For this, we present two sufficient frameworks for the asymptotic flocking to the continuous and discrete C-S models with $ q $-closest neighbors in the presence of time-delayed communications. Communication time-delays result from the finite-propagation speed of information and they are

We develop in this paper a Petrov-Galerkin spectral method for the inelastic Boltzmann equation in one dimension. Solutions to such equations typically exhibit heavy tails in the velocity space so that domain truncation or Fourier approximation would suffer from large truncation errors. Our method is based on the mapped Chebyshev functions on unbounded domains, hence requires no domain truncation.

The Alber equation is a moment equation for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, formally used in ocean engineering to investigate the stability of stationary and homogeneous sea states in terms of their power spectra. In this work we present the first well-posedness theory for the Alber equation with the help of an appropriate equivalent reformulation. Moreover, we show linear Landau damping in the

Angular moments models based on a minimum entropy problem have been largely used to describe the transport of photons [14] or charged particles [18]. In this communication the $ M_1 $ and $ M_2 $ angular moments models are presented for rarefied gas dynamics applications. After introducing the models studied, numerical simulations carried out in various collisional regimes are presented and illustrate

We study slow flocking phenomenon arising from the dynamics of Cucker-Smale (CS) ensemble with chemotactic movements in a self-consistent temperature field. For constant temperature field, our situation reduces to the previous CS model with chemotactic movements. When a large CS ensemble with chemotactic movements is placed in a self-consistent temperature field, the dynamics of the CS ensemble can

We study a variant of the Cucker-Smale system with reaction-type delay. Using novel backward-forward and stability estimates on appropriate quantities we derive sufficient conditions for asymptotic flocking of the solutions. These conditions, although not explicit, relate the velocity fluctuation of the initial datum and the length of the delay. If satisfied, they guarantee monotone decay (i.e., non-oscillatory

We investigate a coagulation-fragmentation equation with boundary data, establishing the well-posedness of the initial value problem when the coagulation kernels are bounded at zero and showing existence of solutions for the singular kernels relevant in the applications. We determine the large time asymptotic behavior of solutions, proving that solutions converge exponentially fast to zero in the absence

We consider the Cauchy problem for the spatially inhomogeneous non-cutoff Boltzmann equation with polynomially decaying initial data in the velocity variable. We establish short-time existence for any initial data with this decay in a fifth order Sobolev space by working in a mixed $ L^2 $ and $ L^\infty $ space that allows to compensate for potential moment generation and obtaining new estimates on

This paper investigates the existence of a uniform in time $L^{\infty}$ bounded weak solution for the $p$-Laplacian Keller-Segel system with the supercritical diffusion exponent $1 < p < \frac{3d}{d+1}$ in the multi-dimensional space ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ under the condition that the $L^{\frac{d(3-p)}{p}}$ norm of initial data is smaller than a universal constant. We also prove the local existence of weak

We study a modified Kac model where the classical kinetic energy is replaced by an arbitrary energy function $\phi(v)$, $v \in \mathbb{R}$. The aim of this paper is to show that the uniform density with respect to the microcanonical measure is $Ce^{-z_0\phi(v)}$-chaotic, $C,z_0 \in \mathbb{R}_+$. The kinetic energy for relativistic particles is a special case. A generalization to the case $v\in \mathbb{R}^d$

We establish a blow up criterion for the two-dimensional $k$-$\varepsilon$ model equations for turbulent flows in a bounded smooth domain $\Omega$. It is shown that for the initial-boundary value problem of the 2D $k$-$\varepsilon$ model equations in a bounded smooth domain, if $\|\nabla u\|_{L^{1}(0, T; L^{\infty})}+\|\nabla\rho\|_{L^{2}(0, T; L^{\infty})} +\|\varepsilon\|_{L^{2}(0, T; L^{\infty})}$

We study the time evolution of a single species positive plasma, confined in a cylinder and having infinite charge. We extend the result of a previous work by the same authors, for a plasma density having compact support in the velocities, to the case of a density having unbounded support and gaussian decay in the velocities.

The mathematical description of the interaction between a plasma and a solid surface is a major issue that still remains challenging. In this paper, we model this interaction as a stationary and bi-kinetic Vlasov-Poisson-Ampere boundary value problem with boundary conditions that are consistent with the physics. In particular, we show that the wall potential can be determined from the ampibolarity

We consider the global existence of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes flow in the exterior of a moving or rotating obstacle. Bogovski$\check{i}$ operator on a subset of $\mathbb{R}^2$ is used in this paper. One important thing is to show that the solution of the equations does not blow up in finite time in the sense of some $L^2$ norm. We also obtain the global existence for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations

This paper investigates the generalized Keller-Segel (KS) system with a nonlocal diffusion term $-\nu(-\Delta)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}\rho~(1<\alpha<2)$. Firstly, the global existence of weak solutions is proved for the initial density $\rho_0\in L^1\cap L^{\frac{d}{\alpha}}(\mathbb{R}^d)~(d\geq2)$ with $\|\rho_0\|_{\frac {d}{\alpha}} < K$, where $K$ is a universal constant only depending on $d,\alpha,\nu$

The motion of a collisionless plasma - a high-temperature, low-density, ionized gas - is described by the Vlasov-Maxwell (VM) system. These equations are considered in one space dimension and two momentum dimensions without the assumption of relativistic velocity corrections. The main results are bounds on the spatial and velocity supports of the particle distribution function and uniform estimates